E E (?). 1. The fifth letter of the English alphabet. NOTE: It derives its form, name, and value from the Latin, the form and value being further derived from the Greek, into which it came from the Ph\'d2nician, and ultimately, probably, from the Egyptian. Its etymological relations are closest with the vowels i, a, and o, as illustrated by to fall, to fell; man, pl. men; drink, drank, drench; dint, dent; doom, deem; goose, pl. geese; beef, OF. boef, L. bos; and E. cheer, OF. chiere, LL. cara. NOTE: The le tter e ha s in English several vowel sounds, the two principal being its long or name sound, as in eve, me, and the short, as in end, best. Usually at the end of words it is silent, but serves to indicate that the preceding vowel has its long sound, where otherwise it would be short, as in m\'bene, as in c\'bene, m, which without the final e would be pronounced m, c, m. After c and g, the final e indicates that these letters are to be pronounced as s and j; respectively, as in lace, rage. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 74-97. 2. (Mus.) E is the third tone of the model diatonic scale. Eb (E flat) is a tone which is intermediate between D and E. E- E-. A Latin prefix meaning out, out of, from; also, without. See Ex-. Each Each (?), a. OR a. pron. [OE. eche, \'91lc, elk, ilk, AS. \'91lc; \'be always + gel\'c6c like; akin to OD. ieg, OHG. , MHG. iegel\'c6ch. Aye, Like, and cf. Either, Every, Ilk.] 1. Every one of the two or more individuals composing a number of objects, considered separately from the rest. It is used either with or without a following noun; as, each of you or each one of you. "Each of the combatants." Fielding. NOTE: &hand; To ea ch co rresponds ot her. "L et each esteem other better than himself." Each other, used elliptically for each the other. It is our duty to assist each other; that is, it is our duty, each to assist the other, each being in the nominative and other in the objective case. It is a bad thing that men should hate each other; but it is far worse that they should contract the habit of cutting one another's throats without hatred. Macaulay. Let each His adamantine coat gird well. Milton. In each cheek appears a pretty dimple. Shak. Then draw we nearer day by day, Each to his brethren, all to God. Keble. The oak and the elm have each a distinct character. Gilpin. 2. Every; -- sometimes used interchangeably with every. Shak. I know each lane and every alley green. Milton. In short each man's happiness depends upon himself. Sterne. NOTE: &hand; Th is use of each for every, though common in Scotland and in America, is now un-English. Fitzed. Hall. Syn. -- See Every. Eachwhere Each"where` (?), adv. Everywhere. [Obs.] The sky eachwhere did show full bright and fair. Spenser. Eadish Ead"ish (?), n. See Eddish. Eager Ea"ger (?), a. [OE. egre sharp, sour, eager, OF. agre, aigre, F. aigre, fr. L. acer sharp, sour, spirited, zealous; akin to Gr. a point; fr. a root signifying to be sharp. Cf. Acrid, Edge.] 1. Sharp; sour; acid. [Obs.] "Like eager droppings into milk." Shak. 2. Sharp; keen; bitter; severe. [Obs.] "A nipping and an eager air." "Eager words." Shak. 3. Excited by desire in the pursuit of any object; ardent to pursue, perform, or obtain; keenly desirous; hotly longing; earnest; zealous; impetuous; vehement; as, the hounds were eager in the chase. And gazed for tidings in my eager eyes. Shak. How eagerly ye follow my disgraces! Shak. When to her eager lips is brought Her infant's thrilling kiss. Keble. A crowd of eager and curious schoolboys. Hawthorne. Conceit and grief an eager combat fight. Shak. 4. Brittle; inflexible; not ductile. [Obs.] Gold will be sometimes so eager, as artists call it, that it will as little endure the hammer as glass itself. Locke. Syn. -- Earnest; ardent; vehement; hot; impetuous; fervent; intense; impassioned; zealous; forward. See Earnest. -- Eager, Earnest. Eager marks an excited state of desire or passion; thus, a child is eager for a plaything, a hungry man is eager for food, a covetous man is eager for gain. Eagerness is liable to frequent abuses, and is good or bad, as the case may be. It relates to what is praiseworthy or the contrary. Earnest denotes a permanent state of mind, feeling, or sentiment. It is always taken in a good sense; as, a preacher is earnest in his appeals to the conscience; an agent is earnest in his solicitations. Eager Ea"ger, n. Same as Eagre. Eagerly Ea"ger*ly, adv. In an eager manner. Eagerness Ea"ger*ness, n. 1. The state or quality of being eager; ardent desire. "The eagerness of love." Addison. 2. Tartness; sourness. [Obs.] Syn. -- Ardor; vehemence; earnestness; impetuosity; heartiness; fervor; fervency; avidity; zeal; craving; heat; passion; greediness. Eagle Ea"gle (?), n. [OE. egle, F. aigle, fr. L. aquila; prob. named from its color, fr. aquilus dark-colored, brown; cf. Lith. aklas blind. Cf. Aquiline.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any large, rapacious bird of the Falcon family, esp. of the genera Aquila and Hali\'91etus. The eagle is remarkable for strength, size, graceful figure, keenness of vision, and extraordinary flight. The most noted species are the golden eagle (Aquila chrysa\'89tus); the imperial eagle of Europe (A. mogilnik OR imperialis); the American bald eagle (Hali\'91etus leucocephalus); the European sea eagle (H. albicilla); and the great harpy eagle (Thrasaetus harpyia). The figure of the eagle, as the king of birds, is commonly used as an heraldic emblem, and also for standards and emblematic devices. See Bald eagle, Harpy, and Golden eagle. 2. A gold coin of the United States, of the value of ten dollars. 3. (Astron.) A northern constellation, containing Altair, a star of the first magnitude. See Aquila. 4. The figure of an eagle borne as an emblem on the standard of the ancient Romans, or so used upon the seal or standard of any people. Though the Roman eagle shadow thee. Tennyson. NOTE: &hand; So me modern nations, as the United States, and France under the Bonapartes, have adopted the eagle as their national emblem. Russia, Austria, and Prussia have for an emblem a double-headed eagle. Bald eagle. See Bald eagle. -- Bold eagle. See under Bold. -- Double eagle, a gold coin of the United States worth twenty dollars. -- Eagle hawk (Zo\'94l.), a large, crested, South American hawk of the genus Morphnus. -- Eagle owl (Zo\'94l.), any large owl of the genus Bubo, and allied genera; as the American great horned owl (Bubo Virginianus), and the allied European species (B. maximus). See Horned owl. -- Eagle ray (Zo\'94l.), any large species of ray of the genus Myliobatis (esp. M. aquila). -- Eagle vulture (Zo\'94l.), a large West African bid (Gypohierax Angolensis), intermediate, in several respects, between the eagles and vultures. Eagle-eyed Ea"gle-eyed` (?), a. Sharp-sighted as an eagle. "Inwardly eagle-eyed." Howell. Eagle-sighted Ea"gle-sight`ed (?), a. Farsighted and strong-sighted; sharp-sighted. Shak. _________________________________________________________________ Page 465 Eagless Ea"gless (?), n. [Cf. OF. aiglesse.] (Zo\'94l.) A female or hen eagle. [R.] Sherwood. Eaglestone Ea"gle*stone (?), n. (Min.) A concretionary nodule of clay ironstone, of the size of a walnut or larger, so called by the ancients, who believed that the eagle transported these stones to her nest to facilitate the laying of her eggs; a\'89tites. Eaglet Ea"glet (?), n. [Cf. OF. aiglet.] (Zo\'94l.) A young eagle, or a diminutive eagle. Eagle-winged Ea"gle-winged` (?), a. Having the wings of an eagle; swift, or soaring high, like an eagle. Shak. Eaglewood Ea"gle*wood` (?), n. [From Skr. aguru, through Pg. aguila; cf. F. bois d'aigle.] A kind of fragrant wood. See Agallochum. Eagrass Ea"grass (?), n. See Eddish. [Obs.] Eagre Ea"gre (?), n. [AS. e\'a0gor, , in comp., water, sea, e\'a0gor-stre\'a0m water stream, sea.] A wave, or two or three successive waves, of great height and violence, at flood tide moving up an estuary or river; -- commonly called the bore. See Bore. Ealderman, Ealdorman Eal"der*man, Eal"dor*man (?), n. An alderman. [Obs.] Eale Eale (?), n. [See Ale.] Ale. [Obs.] Shak. Eame Eame (?), n. [AS. e\'a0m; akin to D. oom, G. ohm, oheim; cf. L. avunculus.] Uncle. [Obs.] Spenser. Ean Ean (?), v. t. & i. [AS. e\'a0nian. See Yean.] To bring forth, as young; to yean. "In eaning time." Shak. Eanling Ean"ling (?), n. [See Ean, Yeanling.] A lamb just brought forth; a yeanling. Shak. Ear Ear (?), n. [AS. e\'a0re; akin to OFries. \'a0re, \'a0r, OS. , D. oor, OHG. , G. ohr, Icel. eyra, Sw. \'94ra, Dan. \'94re, Goth. auso, L. auris, Lith. ausis, Russ. ukho, Gr. audire to hear, Gr. av to favor , protect. Cf. Auricle, Orillon.] 1. The organ of hearing; the external ear. NOTE: &hand; In ma n an d th e hi gher ve rtebrates, th e organ of hearing is very complicated, and is divisible into three parts: the external ear, which includes the pinna or auricle and meatus or external opening; the middle ear, drum, or tympanum; and the internal ear, or labyrinth. The middle ear is a cavity connected by the Eustachian tube with the pharynx, separated from the opening of the external ear by the tympanic membrane, and containing a chain of three small bones, or ossicles, named malleus, incus, and stapes, which connect this membrane with the internal ear. The essential part of the internal ear where the fibers of the auditory nerve terminate, is the membranous labyrinth, a complicated system of sacs and tubes filled with a fluid (the endolymph), and lodged in a cavity, called the bony labyrinth, in the periotic bone. The membranous labyrinth does not completely fill the bony labyrinth, but is partially suspended in it in a fluid (the perilymph). The bony labyrinth consists of a central cavity, the vestibule, into which three semicircular canals and the canal of the cochlea (spirally coiled in mammals) open. The vestibular portion of the membranous labyrinth consists of two sacs, the utriculus and sacculus, connected by a narrow tube, into the former of which three membranous semicircular canals open, while the latter is connected with a membranous tube in the cochlea containing the organ of Corti. By the help of the external ear the sonorous vibrations of the air are concentrated upon the tympanic membrane and set it vibrating, the chain of bones in the middle ear transmits these vibrations to the internal ear, where they cause certain delicate structures in the organ of Corti, and other parts of the membranous labyrinth, to stimulate the fibers of the auditory nerve to transmit sonorous impulses to the brain. 2. The sense of hearing; the perception of sounds; the power of discriminating between different tones; as, a nice ear for music; -- in the singular only. Songs . . . not all ungrateful to thine ear. Tennyson. 3. That which resembles in shape or position the ear of an animal; any prominence or projection on an object, -- usually one for support or attachment; a lug; a handle; as, the ears of a tub, a skillet, or dish. The ears of a boat are outside kneepieces near the bow. See Illust. of Bell. 4. (Arch.) (a) Same as Acroterium (a). (b) Same as Crossette. 5. Privilege of being kindly heard; favor; attention. Dionysius . . . would give no ear to his suit. Bacon. Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears. Shak. About the ears, in close proximity to; near at hand. -- By the ears, in close contest; as, to set by the ears; to fall together by the ears; to be by the ears. -- Button ear (in dogs), an ear which falls forward and completely hides the inside. -- Ear finger, the little finger. -- Ear of Dionysius, a kind of ear trumpet with a flexible tube; -- named from the Sicilian tyrant, who constructed a device to overhear the prisoners in his dungeons. -- Ear sand (Anat.), otoliths. See Otolith. -- Ear snail (Zo\'94l.), any snail of the genus Auricula and allied genera. -- Ear stones (Anat.), otoliths. See Otolith. -- Ear trumpet, an instrument to aid in hearing. It consists of a tube broad at the outer end, and narrowing to a slender extremity which enters the ear, thus collecting and intensifying sounds so as to assist the hearing of a partially deaf person. -- Ear vesicle (Zo\'94l.), a simple auditory organ, occurring in many worms, mollusks, etc. It consists of a small sac containing a fluid and one or more solid concretions or otocysts. -- Rose ear (in dogs), an ear which folds backward and shows part of the inside. -- To give ear to, to listen to; to heed, as advice or one advising. "Give ear unto my song." Goldsmith. -- To have one's ear, to be listened to with favor. -- Up to the ears, deeply submerged; almost overwhelmed; as, to be in trouble up to one's ears. [Colloq.] Ear Ear (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Earing.] To take in with the ears; to hear. [Sportive] "I eared her language." Two Noble Kinsmen. Ear Ear, n. [AS. ear; akin to D. aar, OHG. ahir, G. \'84hre, Icel., Sw., & Dan. ax, Goth. ahs. . Cf. Awn, Edge.] The spike or head of any cereal (as, wheat, rye, barley, Indian corn, etc.), containing the kernels. First the blade, then the ear, after that the full corn in the ear. Mark iv. 28. Ear Ear, v. i. To put forth ears in growing; to form ears, as grain; as, this corn ears well. Ear Ear, v. t. [OE. erien, AS. erian; akin to OFries. era, OHG. erran, MHG. eren, ern, Prov. G. aren, \'84ren, Icel. erja, Goth. arjan, Lith. arti, OSlav. orati, L. arare, Gr. Arable.] To plow or till; to cultivate. "To ear the land." Shak. Earable Ear"a*ble (?), a. Arable; tillable. [Archaic] Earache Ear"ache` (?), n. Ache or pain in the ear. Earal Ear"al (?), a. Receiving by the ear. [Obs.] Hewyt. Ear-bored Ear"-bored` (?), a. Having the ear perforated. Earcap Ear"cap` (?), n. A cap or cover to protect the ear from cold. Earcockle Ear"coc`kle (?), n. (Bot.) A disease in wheat, in which the blackened and contracted grain, or ear, is filled with minute worms. Eardrop Ear"drop` (?), n. 1. A pendant for the ear; an earring; as, a pair of eardrops. 2. (Bot.) A species of primrose. See Auricula. Eardrum Ear"drum` (?), n. (Anat.) The tympanum. See Illust. of Ear. Eared Eared (?), a. 1. Having (such or so many) ears; -- used in composition; as, long-eared-eared; sharp-eared; full-eared; ten-eared. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Having external ears; having tufts of feathers resembling ears. Eared owl (Zo\'94l.), an owl having earlike tufts of feathers, as the long-eared owl, and short-eared owl. -- Eared seal (Zo\'94l.), any seal of the family Otariid\'91, including the fur seals and hair seals. See Seal. Eariness Ear"i*ness (?), n. [Scotch ery or eiry affected with fear.] Fear or timidity, especially of something supernatural. [Written also eiryness.] The sense of eariness, as twilight came on. De Quincey. Earing Ear"ing, n. (Naut.) (a) A line used to fasten the upper corners of a sail to the yard or gaff; -- also called head earing. (b) A line for hauling the reef cringle to the yard; -- also called reef earing. (c) A line fastening the corners of an awning to the rigging or stanchions. Earing Ear"ing, n. Coming into ear, as corn. Earing Ear"ing, n. A plowing of land. [Archaic] Neither earing nor harvest. Gen. xlv. 6. Earl Earl (?), n. [OE. eorl, erl, AS. eorl man, noble; akin to OS. erl boy, man, Icel. jarl nobleman, count, and possibly to Gr. arshan man. Cf. Jarl.] A nobleman of England ranking below a marquis, and above a viscount. The rank of an earl corresponds to that of a count (comte) in France, and graf in Germany. Hence the wife of an earl is still called countess. See Count. Earl Earl, n. (Zo\'94l.) The needlefish. [Ireland] Earlap Ear"lap` (?), n. The lobe of the ear. Earldom Earl"dom (?), n. [AS. eorl-d; eorl man, noble + -d -dom.] 1. The jurisdiction of an earl; the territorial possessions of an earl. 2. The status, title, or dignity of an earl. He [Pulteney] shrunk into insignificancy and an earldom. Chesterfield. Earldorman Earl"dor*man (?), n. Alderman. [Obs.] Earlduck Earl"duck` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The red-breasted merganser (Merganser serrator). Earles penny Earles" pen`ny (?). [Cf. Arles, 4th Earnest.] Earnest money. Same as Arles penny. [Obs.] Earless Ear"less (?), a. Without ears; hence, deaf or unwilling to hear. Pope. Earlet Ear"let (?), n. [Ear + -let.] An earring. [Obs.] The Ismaelites were accustomed to wear golden earlets. Judg. viii. 24 (Douay version). Earliness Ear"li*ness (?), n. The state of being early or forward; promptness. Earl marshal Earl" mar"shal (?). An officer of state in England who marshals and orders all great ceremonials, takes cognizance of matters relating to honor, arms, and pedigree, and directs the proclamation of peace and war. The court of chivalry was formerly under his jurisdiction, and he is still the head of the herald's office or college of arms. Earlock Ear"lock` (?), n. [AS. e\'a0r-locca.] A lock or curl of hair near the ear; a lovelock. See Lovelock. Early Ear"ly (?), adv. [OE. erli, erliche, AS. ; sooner + l\'c6c like. See Ere, and Like.] Soon; in good season; seasonably; betimes; as, come early. Those that me early shall find me. Prov. viii. 17. You must wake and call me early. Tennyson. Early Ear"ly, a. [Compar. Earlier (?); superl. Earliest.] [OE. earlich. Early, adv.] 1. In advance of the usual or appointed time; in good season; prior in time; among or near the first; -- opposed to late; as, the early bird; an early spring; early fruit. Early and provident fear is the mother of safety. Burke. The doorsteps and threshold with the early grass springing up about them. Hawthorne. 2. Coming in the first part of a period of time, or among the first of successive acts, events, etc. Seen in life's early morning sky. Keble. The forms of its earlier manhood. Longfellow. The earliest poem he composed was in his seventeenth summer. J. C. Shairp. Early English (Philol.) See the Note under English. -- Early English architecture, the first of the pointed or Gothic styles used in England, succeeding the Norman style in the 12th and 13th centuries. Syn. -- Forward; timely; not late; seasonable. Earmark Ear"mark` (?), n. 1. A mark on the ear of sheep, oxen, dogs, etc., as by cropping or slitting. 2. A mark for identification; a distinguishing mark. Money is said to have no earmark. Wharton. Flying, he [a slave] should be described by the rounding of his head, and his earmark. Robynson (More's Utopia). A set of intellectual ideas . . . have earmarks upon them, no tokens of a particular proprietor. Burrow. Earmark Ear"mark`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Earmarked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Earmarking.] To mark, as sheep, by cropping or slitting the ear. Earn Earn (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Ern, n. Sir W. Scott. Earn Earn (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Earned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Earning.] [AS. earnian; akin to OHG. arn to reap, aran harvest, G. ernte, Goth. asans harvest, asneis hireling, AS. esne; cf. Icel. \'94nn working season, work.] 1. To merit or deserve, as by labor or service; to do that which entitles one to (a reward, whether the reward is received or not). The high repute Which he through hazard huge must earn. Milton. 2. To acquire by labor, service, or performance; to deserve and receive as compensation or wages; as, to earn a good living; to earn honors or laurels. I earn that [what] I eat. Shak. The bread I have earned by the hazard of my life or the sweat of my brow. Burke. Earned run (Baseball), a run which is made without the assistance of errors on the opposing side. Syn. -- See Obtain. Earn Earn (?), v. t. & i. [See 1st Yearn.] To grieve. [Obs.] Earn Earn, v. i. [See 4th Yearn.] To long; to yearn. [Obs.] And ever as he rode, his heart did earn To prove his puissance in battle brave. Spenser. Earn Earn, v. i. [AS. irnan to run. Rennet, and cf. Yearnings.] To curdle, as milk. [Prov. Eng.] Earnest Ear"nest (?), n. [AS. eornost, eornest; akin to OHG. ernust, G. ernst; cf. Icel. orrosta battle, perh. akin to Gr. oriri to rise.] Seriousness; reality; fixed determination; eagerness; intentness. Take heed that this jest do not one day turn to earnest. Sir P. Sidney. And given in earnest what I begged in jest. Shak. In earnest, serious; seriously; not in jest; earnestly. Earnest Ear"nest, a. 1. Ardent in the pursuit of an object; eager to obtain or do; zealous with sincerity; with hearty endeavor; heartfelt; fervent; hearty; -- used in a good sense; as, earnest prayers. An earnest advocate to plead for him. Shak. 2. Intent; fixed closely; as, earnest attention. 3. Serious; important. [Obs.] They whom earnest lets do often hinder. Hooker. Syn. -- Eager; warm; zealous; ardent; animated; importunate; fervent; sincere; serious; hearty; urgent. See Eager. Earnest Ear"nest, v. t. To use in earnest. [R.] To earnest them [our arms] with men. Pastor Fido (1602). Earnest Ear"nest, n. [Prob. corrupted fr. F. arrhes, L. arra, arrha, arrhabo, Gr. ; or perh. fr. W. ernes, akin to Gael. earlas, perh. fr. L. arra. Cf. Arles, Earles penny.] 1. Something given, or a part paid beforehand, as a pledge; pledge; handsel; a token of what is to come. Who hath also sealed us, and given the earnest of the Spirit in our hearts. 2 Cor. i. 22. And from his coffers Received the golden earnest of our death. Shak. 2. (Law) Something of value given by the buyer to the seller, by way of token or pledge, to bind the bargain and prove the sale. Kent. Ayliffe. Benjamin. Earnest money (Law), money paid as earnest, to bind a bargain or to ratify and prove a sale. Syn. -- Earnest, Pledge. These words are here compared as used in their figurative sense. Earnest is not so strong as pledge. An earnest, like first fruits, gives assurance, or at least a high probability, that more is coming of the same kind; a pledge, like money deposited, affords security and ground of reliance for the future. Washington gave earnest of his talent as commander by saving his troops after Braddock's defeat; his fortitude and that of his soldiers during the winter at Valley Forge might rightly be considered a pledge of their ultimate triumph. Earnestful Ear"nest*ful (?), a. Serious. [Obs.] Chaucer. Earnestly Ear"nest*ly, adv. In an earnest manner. Earnestness Ear"nest*ness, n. The state or quality of being earnest; intentness; anxiety. An honest earnestness in the young man's manner. W. Irving. Earnful Earn"ful (?), a. [From Earn to yearn.] Full of anxiety or yearning. [Obs.] P. Fletcher. Earning Earn"ing, n.; pl. Earnings (. That which is earned; wages gained by work or services; money earned; -- used commonly in the plural. As to the common people, their stock is in their persons and in their earnings. Burke. Earpick Ear"pick` (?), n. An instrument for removing wax from the ear. Ear-piercer Ear"-pier`cer (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The earwig. Earreach Ear"reach` (?), n. Earshot. Marston. Earring Ear"ring` (?), n. An ornament consisting of a ring passed through the lobe of the ear, with or without a pendant. Earsh Earsh (?), n. See Arrish. Ear-shell Ear"-shell` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A flattened marine univalve shell of the genus Haliotis; -- called also sea-ear. See Abalone. _________________________________________________________________ Page 466 Earshot Ear"shot` (?), n. Reach of the ear; distance at which words may be heard. Dryden. Earshrift Ear"shrift` (?), n. A nickname for auricular confession; shrift. [Obs.] Cartwright. Earsore Ear"sore` (?), n. An annoyance to the ear. [R.] The perpetual jangling of the chimes . . . is no small earsore Sir T. Browne. Ear-splitting Ear"-split`ting (?), a. Deafening; disagreeably loud or shrill; as, ear-splitting strains. Earst Earst (?), adv. See Erst. [Obs.] Spenser. Earth Earth (?), n. [AS. eor; akin to OS. ertha, OFries. irthe, D. aarde, OHG. erda, G. erde, Icel. j\'94r, Sw. & Dan. jord, Goth. a\'c6rpa, OHG. ero, Gr. ear to plow.] 1. The globe or planet which we inhabit; the world, in distinction from the sun, moon, or stars. Also, this world as the dwelling place of mortals, in distinction from the dwelling place of spirits. That law preserves the earth a sphere And guides the planets in their course. S. Rogers. In heaven, or earth, or under earth, in hell. Milton. 2. The solid materials which make up the globe, in distinction from the air or water; the dry land. God called the dry land earth. Gen. i. 10. He is pure air and fire, and the dull elements of earth and water never appear in him. Shak. 3. The softer inorganic matter composing part of the surface of the globe, in distinction from the firm rock; soil of all kinds, including gravel, clay, loam, and the like; sometimes, soil favorable to the growth of plants; the visible surface of the globe; the ground; as, loose earth; rich earth. Give him a little earth for charity. Shak. 4. A part of this globe; a region; a country; land. Would I had never trod this English earth. Shak. 5. Worldly things, as opposed to spiritual things; the pursuits, interests, and allurements of this life. Our weary souls by earth beguiled. Keble. 6. The people on the globe. The whole earth was of one language. Gen. xi. 1. 7. (Chem.) (a) Any earthy-looking metallic oxide, as alumina, glucina, zirconia, yttria, and thoria. (b) A similar oxide, having a slight alkaline reaction, as lime, magnesia, strontia, baryta. 8. A hole in the ground, where an animal hides himself; as, the earth of a fox. Macaulay. They [ferrets] course the poor conies out of their earths. Holland. NOTE: &hand; Ea rth is used either adjectively or in combination to form compound words; as, earth apple or earth-apple; earth metal or earth-metal; earth closet or earth-closet. Adamic earth, Bitter earth, Bog earth, Chian earth, etc. See under Adamic, Bitter, etc. -- Alkaline earths. See under Alkaline. -- Earth apple. (Bot.) (a) A potato. (b) A cucumber. -- Earth auger, a form of auger for boring into the ground; -- called also earth borer. -- Earth bath, a bath taken by immersing the naked body in earth for healing purposes. -- Earth battery (Physics), a voltaic battery the elements of which are buried in the earth to be acted on by its moisture. -- Earth chestnut, the pignut. -- Earth closet, a privy or commode provided with dry earth or a similar substance for covering and deodorizing the f\'91cal discharges. -- Earth dog (Zo\'94l.), a dog that will dig in the earth, or enter holes of foxes, etc. -- Earth hog, Earth pig (Zo\'94l.), the aard-vark. -- Earth hunger, an intense desire to own land, or, in the case of nations, to extend their domain. -- Earth light (Astron.), the light reflected by the earth, as upon the moon, and corresponding to moonlight; -- called also earth shine. Sir J. Herschel. -- Earth metal. See 1st Earth, 7. (Chem.) -- Earth oil, petroleum. -- Earth pillars OR pyramids (Geol.), high pillars or pyramids of earth, sometimes capped with a single stone, found in Switzerland. Lyell. -- Earth pitch (Min.), mineral tar, a kind of asphaltum. -- Earth quadrant, a fourth of the earth's circumference. -- Earth table (Arch.), the lowest course of stones visible in a building; the ground table. -- On earth, an intensive expression, oftenest used in questions and exclamations; as, What on earth shall I do? Nothing on earth will satisfy him. [Colloq.] Earth Earth (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Earthed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Earthing.] 1. To hide, or cause to hide, in the earth; to chase into a burrow or den. "The fox is earthed." Dryden. 2. To cover with earth or mold; to inter; to bury; -- sometimes with up. The miser earths his treasure, and the thief, Watching the mole, half beggars him ere noon. Young. Why this in earthing up a carcass? R. Blair. Earth Earth, v. i. To burrow. Tickell. Earth Earth, n. [From Ear to plow.] A plowing. [Obs.] Such land as ye break up for barley to sow, Two earths at the least, ere ye sow it, bestow. Tusser. Earthbag Earth"bag` (?), n. (Mil.) A bag filled with earth, used commonly to raise or repair a parapet. Earthbank Earth"bank` (?), n. A bank or mound of earth. Earthboard Earth"board` (?), n. (Agric.) The part of a plow, or other implement, that turns over the earth; the moldboard. Earthborn Earth"born` (?), a. 1. Born of the earth; terrigenous; springing originally from the earth; human. Some earthborn giant. Milton. 2. Relating to, or occasioned by, earthly objects. All earthborn cares are wrong. Goldsmith. Earthbred Earth"bred` (?), a. Low; grovelling; vulgar. Earthdin Earth"din` (?), n. An earthquake. [Obs.] Earthdrake Earth"drake` (?), n. A mythical monster of the early Anglo-Saxon literature; a dragon. W. Spalding. Earthen Earth"en (?), a. Made of earth; made of burnt or baked clay, or other like substances; as, an earthen vessel or pipe. Earthen-hearted Earth"en-heart`ed (?), a. Hard-hearted; sordid; gross. [Poetic] Lowell. Earthenware Earth"en*ware` (?), n. Vessels and other utensils, ornaments, or the like, made of baked clay. See Crockery, Pottery, Stoneware, and Porcelain. Earth flax Earth" flax` (?). (Min.) A variety of asbestus. See Amianthus. Earthfork Earth"fork` (?), n. A pronged fork for turning up the earth. Earthiness Earth"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being earthy, or of containing earth; hence, grossness. Earthliness Earth"li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being earthly; worldliness; grossness; perishableness. Earthling Earth"ling (?), n. [Earth + -ling.] An inhabitant of the earth; a mortal. Earthings oft her deemed a deity. Drummond. Earthly Earth"ly, a. 1. Pertaining to the earth; belonging to this world, or to man's existence on the earth; not heavenly or spiritual; carnal; worldly; as, earthly joys; earthly flowers; earthly praise. This earthly load Of death, called life. Milton. Whose glory is in their shame, who mind earthly things. Phil. iii. 19. 2. Of all things on earth; possible; conceivable. What earthly benefit can be the result? Pope. 3. Made of earth; earthy. [Obs.] Holland. Syn. -- Gross; material; sordid; mean; base; vile; low; unsubstantial; temporary; corrupt; groveling. Earthly Earth"ly, adv. In the manner of the earth or its people; worldly. Took counsel from his guiding eyes To make this wisdom earthly wise. Emerson. Earthly-minded Earth"ly-mind`ed (?), a. Having a mind devoted to earthly things; worldly-minded; -- opposed to spiritual-minded. -- Earth"ly-mind`ed*ness, n. Earthmad Earth"mad` (?), n. [Earth + mad an earthworm.] (Zo\'94l.) The earthworm. [Obs.] The earthmads and all the sorts of worms . . . are without eyes. Holland. Earthnut Earth"nut` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to various roots, tubers, or pods grown under or on the ground; as to: (a) The esculent tubers of the umbelliferous plants Bunium flexuosum and Carum Bulbocastanum. (b) The peanut. See Peanut. Earthpea Earth"pea` (?), n. (Bot.) A species of pea (Amphicarp\'91a monoica). It is a climbing leguminous plant, with hairy underground pods. Earthquake Earth"quake` (?), n. A shaking, trembling, or concussion of the earth, due to subterranean causes, often accompanied by a rumbling noise. The wave of shock sometimes traverses half a hemisphere, destroying cities and many thousand lives; -- called also earthdin, earthquave, and earthshock.<-- also temblor, tremor --> Earthquake alarm, a bell signal constructed to operate on the theory that a few seconds before the occurrence of an earthquake the magnet temporarily loses its power. Earthquake Earth"quake`, a. Like, or characteristic of, an earthquake; loud; starling. The earthquake voice of victory. Byron. Earthquave Earth"quave` (?), n. An earthquake. Earth shine Earth" shine` (?). See Earth light, under Earth. Earthshock Earth"shock` (?), n. An earthquake. Earthstar Earth"star` (?), n. (Bot.) A curious fungus of the genus Geaster, in which the outer coating splits into the shape of a star, and the inner one forms a ball containing the dustlike spores. Earth-tongue Earth"-tongue` (?), n. (Bot.) A fungus of the genus Geoglossum. Earthward, Earthwards Earth"ward (?), Earth"wards (, adv. Toward the earth; -- opposed to heavenward or skyward. Earthwork Earth"work` (?), n. 1. (Mil.) Any construction, whether a temporary breastwork or permanent fortification, for attack or defense, the material of which is chiefly earth. 2. (Engin.) (a) The operation connected with excavations and embankments of earth in preparing foundations of buildings, in constructing canals, railroads, etc. (b) An embankment or construction made of earth. Earthworm Earth"worm` (?), n. 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any worm of the genus Lumbricus and allied genera, found in damp soil. One of the largest and most abundant species in Europe and America is L. terrestris; many others are known; -- called also angleworm and dewworm. 2. A mean, sordid person; a niggard. Norris. Earthy Earth"y (?), a. 1. Consisting of, or resembling, earth; terrene; earthlike; as, earthy matter. How pale she looks, And of an earthy cold! Shak. All over earthy, like a piece of earth. Tennyson. 2. Of or pertaining to the earth or to, this world; earthly; terrestrial; carnal. [R.] "Their earthy charge." Milton. The first man is of the earth, earthy; the second man is from heaven. As is the earthy, such are they also that are earthy. 1 Cor. xv. 47, 48 (Rev. Ver. ) Earthy spirits black and envious are. Dryden. 3. Gross; low; unrefined. "Her earthy and abhorred commands." Shak. 4. (Min.) Without luster, or dull and roughish to the touch; as, an earthy fracture. Earwax Ear"wax` (?), n. (Anat.) See Cerumen. Earwig Ear"wig` (?), n. [AS. e\'a0rwicga; e\'a0re ear + wicga beetle, worm: cf. Prov. E. erri-wiggle.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any insect of the genus Forticula and related genera, belonging to the order Euplexoptera. 2. (Zo\'94l.) In America, any small chilopodous myriapod, esp. of the genus Geophilus. NOTE: &hand; Bo th in sects are so called from the supposition that they creep into the human ear. 3. A whisperer of insinuations; a secret counselor. Johnson. Earwig Ear"wig` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Earwigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Earwigging (?).] To influence, or attempt to influence, by whispered insinuations or private talk. "No longer was he earwigged by the Lord Cravens." Lord Campbell. Earwitness Ear"wit`ness (?), n. A witness by means of his ears; one who is within hearing and does hear; a hearer. Fuller. Ease Ease (?), n. [OE. ese, eise, F. aise; akin to Pr. ais, aise, OIt. asio, It. agio; of uncertain origin; cf. L. ansa handle, occasion, opportunity. Cf. Agio, Disease.] 1. Satisfaction; pleasure; hence, accommodation; entertainment. [Obs.] They him besought Of harbor and or ease as for hire penny. Chaucer. 2. Freedom from anything that pains or troubles; as: (a) Relief from labor or effort; rest; quiet; relaxation; as, ease of body. Usefulness comes by labor, wit by ease. Herbert. Give yourself ease from the fatigue of watching. Swift. (b) Freedom from care, solicitude, or anything that annoys or disquiets; tranquillity; peace; comfort; security; as, ease of mind. Among these nations shalt thou find no ease. Deut. xxviii. 65. Take thine ease, eat, drink, and be merry. Luke xii. 19. (c) Freedom from constraint, formality, difficulty, embarrassment, etc.; facility; liberty; naturalness; -- said of manner, style, etc.; as, ease of style, of behavior, of address. True ease in writing comes from art, not chance. Pope. Whate'er he did was done with so much ease, In him alone 't was natural to please. Dryden. At ease, free from pain, trouble, or anxiety. "His soul shall dwell at ease." Ps. xxv. 12. -- Chapel of ease. See under Chapel. -- Ill at ease, not at ease, disquieted; suffering; anxious. -- To stand at ease (Mil.), to stand in a comfortable attitude in one's place in the ranks. -- With ease, easily; without much effort. Syn. -- Rest; quiet; repose; comfortableness; tranquility; facility; easiness; readiness. Ease Ease (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Eased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Easing.] [OE. esen, eisen, OF. aisier. See Ease, n.] 1. To free from anything that pains, disquiets, or oppresses; to relieve from toil or care; to give rest, repose, or tranquility to; -- often with of; as, to ease of pain; ease the body or mind. Eased [from] the putting off These troublesome disguises which we wear. Milton. Sing, and I 'll ease thy shoulders of thy load. Dryden. 2. To render less painful or oppressive; to mitigate; to alleviate. My couch shall ease my complaint. Job vii. 13. 3. To release from pressure or restraint; to move gently; to lift slightly; to shift a little; as, to ease a bar or nut in machinery. 4. To entertain; to furnish with accommodations. [Obs.] Chaucer. To ease off, To ease away (Naut.), to slacken a rope gradually. -- To ease a ship (Naut.), to put the helm hard, or regulate the sail, to prevent pitching when closehauled. -- To ease the helm (Naut.), to put the helm more nearly amidships, to lessen the effect on the ship, or the strain on the wheel rope. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Syn. -- To relieve; disburden; quiet; calm; tranquilize; assuage; alleviate; allay; mitigate; appease; pacify. Easeful Ease"ful (?), a. Full of ease; suitable for affording ease or rest; quiet; comfortable; restful. Shak. -- Ease"ful*ly, adv. -- Ease"ful*ness, n. Easel Ea"sel (?), n. [D. ezel ass, donkey, hence, easel, or G. esel; akin to E. ass. See Ass.] A frame (commonly) of wood serving to hold a canvas upright, or nearly upright, for the painter's convenience or for exhibition. Easel picture, Easel piece, a painting of moderate size such as is made while resting on an easel, as distinguished from a painting on a wall or ceiling. Easeless Ease"less (?), a. Without ease. Donne. Easement Ease"ment (?), n. [OF. aisement. See Ease, n.] 1. That which gives ease, relief, or assistance; convenience; accommodation. In need of every kind of relief and easement. Burke. 2. (Law) A liberty, privilege, or advantage, which one proprietor has in the estate of another proprietor, distinct from the ownership of the soil, as a way, water course, etc. It is a species of what the civil law calls servitude. Kent. 3. (Arch.) A curved member instead of an abrupt change of direction, as in a baseboard, hand rail, etc. Easily Eas"i*ly (?), adv. [From Easy.] 1. With ease; without difficulty or much effort; as, this task may be easily performed; that event might have been easily foreseen. 2. Without pain, anxiety, or disturbance; as, to pass life well and easily. Sir W. Temple. 3. Readily; without reluctance; willingly. Not soon provoked, she easily forgives. Prior. _________________________________________________________________ Page 467 4. Smoothly; quietly; gently; gracefully; without 5. Without shaking or jolting; commodiously; as, a carriage moves easily. Easiness Eas"i*ness (?), n. 1. The state or condition of being easy; freedom from distress; rest. 2. Freedom from difficulty; ease; as the easiness of a task. 3. Freedom from emotion; compliance; disposition to yield without opposition; unconcernedness. Give to him, and he shall but laugh at your easiness. South. 4. Freedom from effort, constraint, or formality; -- said of style, manner, etc. With painful care, but seeming easiness. Roscommon. 5. Freedom from jolting, jerking, or straining. East East (?), n. [OE. est, east, AS. e\'a0st; akin to D. oost, oosten, OHG. , G. ost, osten, Icel. austr, Sw. ost, Dan. \'94st, \'94sten, Lith. auszra dawn, L. aurora (for ausosa), Gr. ushas; cf. Skr. ush to burn, L. urere. Aurora, Easter, Sterling.] 1. The point in the heavens where the sun is seen to rise at the equinox, or the corresponding point on the earth; that one of the four cardinal points of the compass which is in a direction at right angles to that of north and south, and which is toward the right hand of one who faces the north; the point directly opposite to the west. The east began kindle. E. Everett. 2. The eastern parts of the earth; the regions or countries which lie east of Europe; the orient. In this indefinite sense, the word is applied to Asia Minor, Syria, Chaldea, Persia, India, China, etc.; as, the riches of the East; the diamonds and pearls of the East; the kings of the East. The gorgeous East, with richest hand, Showers on her kings barbaric pearl and gold. Milton. 3. (U. S. Hist. and Geog.) Formerly, the part of the United States east of the Alleghany Mountains, esp. the Eastern, or New England, States; now, commonly, the whole region east of the Mississippi River, esp. that which is north of Maryland and the Ohio River; -- usually with the definite article; as, the commerce of the East is not independent of the agriculture of the West. East by north, East by south, according to the notation of the mariner's compass, that point which lies 11 -- East-northeast, East-southeast, that which lie 22Illust. of Compass. East East (?), a. Toward the rising sun; or toward the point where the sun rises when in the equinoctial; as, the east gate; the east border; the east side; the east wind is a wind that blows from the east. East East, adv. Eastward. East East, v. i. To move toward the east; to veer from the north or south toward the east; to orientate. Easter Eas"ter (?), n. [AS. e\'a0ster, e\'a0stran, paschal feast, Easter; akin to G. ostern; fr. AS. E\'a0stre, a goddess of light or spring, in honor of whom a festival was celebrated in April; whence this month was called in AS. E\'a0sterm. From the root of E. east. See East.] 1. An annual church festival commemorating Christ's resurrection, and occurring on Sunday, the second day after Good Friday. It corresponds to the pasha or passover of the Jews, and most nations still give it this name under the various forms of pascha, pasque, p\'83que, or pask. 2. The day on which the festival is observed; Easter day. NOTE: &hand; Ea ster is us ed ei ther ad jectively or as the first element of a compound; as, Easter day or Easter-day, Easter Sunday, Easter week, Easter gifts. Sundays by thee more glorious break, An Easter day in every week. Keble. NOTE: &hand; Ea ster da y, on which the rest of the movable feasts depend, is always the first Sunday after the fourteenth day of the calendar moon which (fourteenth day) falls on, or next after, the 21st of March, according to the rules laid down for the construction of the calendar; so that if the fourteenth day happen on a Sunday, Easter day is the Sunday after. Eng. Cyc. Easter dues (Ch. of Eng.), money due to the clergy at Easter, formerly paid in communication of the tithe for personal labor and subject to exaction. For Easter dues, Easter offerings, voluntary gifts, have been substituted. -- Easter egg. (a) A painted or colored egg used as a present at Easter. (b) An imitation of an egg, in sugar or some fine material, sometimes made to serve as a box for jewelry or the like, used as an Easter present. Easter East"er (?), v. i. (Naut.) To veer to the east; -- said of the wind. Russell. Easterling East"er*ling (?), n. [Cf. Sterling.] 1. A native of a country eastward of another; -- used, by the English, of traders or others from the coasts of the Baltic. Merchants of Norway, Denmark, . . . called . . . Easterlings because they lie east in respect of us. Holinshed. 2. A piece of money coined in the east by Richard II. of England. Crabb. 3. (Zo\'94l.) The smew. Easterling East"er*ling, a. Relating to the money of the Easterlings, or Baltic traders. See Sterling. Easterly East"er*ly, a. 1. Coming from the east; as, it was easterly wind. 2. Situated, directed, or moving toward the east; as, the easterly side of a lake; an easterly course or voyage. Easterly East"er*ly, adv. Toward, or in the direction of, the east. Eastern East"ern (?), a. [AS. e\'a0stern.] 1. Situated or dwelling in the east; oriental; as, an eastern gate; Eastern countries. Eastern churches first did Christ embrace. Stirling. 2. Going toward the east, or in the direction of east; as, an eastern voyage. Eastern Church. See Greek Church, under Greek. Easternmost East"ern*most` (?), a. Most eastern. East Indian East" In"di*an (?; see Indian). Belonging to, or relating to, the East Indies. -- n. A native of, or a dweller in, the East Indies. Easting East"ing, n. (Naut. & Surv.) The distance measured toward the east between two meridians drawn through the extremities of a course; distance of departure eastward made by a vessel. East-insular East`-in"su*lar (?), a. Relating to the Eastern Islands; East Indian. [R.] Ogilvie. Eastward, Eastwards East"ward (?), East"wards (?), adv. Toward the east; in the direction of east from some point or place; as, New Haven lies eastward from New York. Easy Eas"y (?), a. [Compar. Easier (?); superl. Easiest.] [OF. aisi\'82, F. ais\'82, prop. p. p. of OF. aisier. See Ease, v. t.] 1. At ease; free from pain, trouble, or constraint; as: (a) Free from pain, distress, toil, exertion, and the like; quiet; as, the patient is easy. (b) Free from care, responsibility, discontent, and the like; not anxious; tranquil; as, an easy mind. (c) Free from constraint, harshness, or formality; unconstrained; smooth; as, easy manners; an easy style. "The easy vigor of a line." Pope. 2. Not causing, or attended with, pain or disquiet, or much exertion; affording ease or rest; as, an easy carriage; a ship having an easy motion; easy movements, as in dancing. "Easy ways to die." Shak. 3. Not difficult; requiring little labor or effort; slight; inconsiderable; as, an easy task; an easy victory. It were an easy leap. Shak. 4. Causing ease; giving freedom from care or labor; furnishing comfort; commodious; as, easy circumstances; an easy chair or cushion. 5. Not making resistance or showing unwillingness; tractable; yielding; complying; ready. He gained their easy hearts. Dryden. He is too tyrannical to be an easy monarch. Sir W. Scott. 6. Moderate; sparing; frugal. [Obs.] Chaucer. 7. (Com.) Not straitened as to money matters; as, the market is easy; -- opposed to tight. Honors are easy (Card Playing), said when each side has an equal number of honors, in which case they are not counted as points. Syn. -- Quiet; comfortable; manageable; tranquil; calm; facile; unconcerned. Easy-chair Eas"y-chair` (?), n. An armichair for ease or repose. "Laugh . . . in Rabelais' easy-chair." Pope. Easy-going Eas"y-go`ing (?), a. Moving easily; hence, mild-tempered; ease-loving; inactive. Eat Eat (?), v. t. [imp. Ate (?; 277), Obsolescent & Colloq. Eat (; p. p. Eaten (?), Obs. or Colloq. Eat (p. pr. & vb. n. Eating.] [OE. eten, AS. etan; akin to OS. etan, OFries. eta, D. eten, OHG. ezzan, G. essen, Icel. eta, Sw. \'84ta, Dan. \'91de, Goth. itan, Ir. & Gael. ith, W. ysu, L. edere, Gr. ad. Etch, Fret to rub, Edible.] 1. To chew and swallow as food; to devour; -- said especially of food not liquid; as, to eat bread. "To eat grass as oxen." Dan. iv. 25. They . . . ate the sacrifices of the dead. Ps. cvi. 28. The lean . . . did eat up the first seven fat kine. Gen. xli. 20. The lion had not eaten the carcass. 1 Kings xiii. 28. With stories told of many a feat, How fairy Mab junkets eat. Milton. The island princes overbold Have eat our substance. Tennyson. His wretched estate is eaten up with mortgages. Thackeray. 2. To corrode, as metal, by rust; to consume the flesh, as a cancer; to waste or wear away; to destroy gradually; to cause to disappear. To eat humble pie. See under Humble. -- To eat of (partitive use). "Eat of the bread that can not waste." Keble. -- To eat one's words, to retract what one has said. (See the Citation under Blurt.) -- To eat out, to consume completely. "Eat out the heart and comfort of it." Tillotson. -- To eat the wind out of a vessel (Naut.), to gain slowly to windward of her. Syn. -- To consume; devour; gnaw; corrode. Eat Eat, v. i. 1. To take food; to feed; especially, to take solid, in distinction from liquid, food; to board. He did eat continually at the king's table. 2 Sam. ix. 13. 2. To taste or relish; as, it eats like tender beef. 3. To make one's way slowly. To eat, To eat in OR into, to make way by corrosion; to gnaw; to consume. "A sword laid by, which eats into itself." Byron. -- To eat to windward (Naut.), to keep the course when closehauled with but little steering; -- said of a vessel. Eatable Eat"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being eaten; fit to be eaten; proper for food; esculent; edible. -- n. Something fit to be eaten. Eatage Eat"age (?; 48), n. Eatable growth of grass for horses and cattle, esp. that of aftermath. Eater Eat"er (?), n. One who, or that which, eats. Eath Eath (?), a. & adv. [AS. e\'a0.] Easy or easily. [Obs.] "Eath to move with plaints." Fairfax. Eating Eat"ing (?), n. 1. The act of tasking food; the act of consuming or corroding. 2. Something fit to be eaten; food; as, a peach is good eating. [Colloq.] Eating house, a house where cooked provisions are sold, to be eaten on the premises. Eau de Cologne Eau` de Co*logne" (?). [F. eau water (L. aqua) + de of + Cologne.] Same as Cologne. Eau de vie Eau` de vie" (?). [F., water of life; eau (L. aqua) water + de of + vie (L. vita) life.] French name for brandy. Cf. Aqua vit\'91, under Aqua. Bescherelle. Eavedrop Eave"drop` (?), n. A drop from the eaves; eavesdrop. [R.] Tennyson. Eaves Eaves (?), n. pl. [OE. evese, pl. eveses, AS. efese eaves, brim, brink; akin to OHG. obisa, opasa, porch, hall, MHG. obse eaves, Icel. ups, Goth. ubizwa porch; cf. Icel. upsar-dropi, OSw. ops\'84-drup water dropping from the eaves. Probably from the root of E. over. The s of eaves is in English regarded as a plural ending, though not so in Saxon. See Over, and cf. Eavesdrop.] 1. (Arch.) The edges or lower borders of the roof of a building, which overhang the walls, and cast off the water that falls on the roof. 2. Brow; ridge. [Obs.] "Eaves of the hill." Wyclif. 3. Eyelids or eyelashes. And closing eaves of wearied eyes. Tennyson. Eaves board (Arch.), an arris fillet, or a thick board with a feather edge, nailed across the rafters at the eaves of a building, to raise the lower course of slates a little, or to receive the lowest course of tiles; -- called also eaves catch and eaves lath. -- Eaves channel, Eaves gutter, Eaves trough. Same as Gutter, 1. -- Eaves molding (Arch.), a molding immediately below the eaves, acting as a cornice or part of a cornice. -- Eaves swallow (Zo\'94l.). (a) The cliff swallow; -- so called from its habit of building retort-shaped nests of mud under the eaves of buildings. See Cliff swallow, under Cliff. (b) The European swallow. Eavesdrop Eaves"drop` (?), v. i. [Eaves + drop.] To stand under the eaves, near a window or at the door, of a house, to listen and learn what is said within doors; hence, to listen secretly to what is said in private. To eavesdrop in disguises. Milton. Eavesdrop Eaves"drop`, n. The water which falls in drops from the eaves of a house. Eavesdropper Eaves"drop`per (?), n. One who stands under the eaves, or near the window or door of a house, to listen; hence, a secret listener. Eavesdropping Eaves"drop`ping (?), n. (Law) The habit of lurking about dwelling houses, and other places where persons meet fro private intercourse, secretly listening to what is said, and then tattling it abroad. The offense is indictable at common law. Wharton. Ebb Ebb (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European bunting. Ebb Ebb, n. [AS. ebba; akin to Fries. ebba, D. eb, ebbe, Dan. & G. ebbe, Sw. ebb, cf. Goth. ibuks backward; prob. akin to E. even.] 1. The reflux or flowing back of the tide; the return of the tidal wave toward the sea; -- opposed to flood; as, the boats will go out on the ebb. Thou shoreless flood which in thy ebb and flow Claspest the limits of morality! Shelley. 2. The state or time of passing away; a falling from a better to a worse state; low state or condition; decline; decay. "Our ebb of life." Roscommon. Painting was then at its lowest ebb. Dryden. Ebb and flow, the alternate ebb and flood of the tide; often used figuratively. This alternation between unhealthy activity and depression, this ebb and flow of the industrial. A. T. Hadley. Ebb Ebb (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ebbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ebbing.] [AS. ebbian; akin to D. & G. ebben, Dan. ebbe. See 2d Ebb.] 1. To flow back; to return, as the water of a tide toward the ocean; -- opposed to flow. That Power who bids the ocean ebb and flow. Pope. 2. To return or fall back from a better to a worse state; to decline; to decay; to recede. The hours of life ebb fast. Blackmore. Syn. -- To recede; retire; withdraw; decay; decrease; wane; sink; lower. Ebb Ebb, v. t. To cause to flow back. [Obs.] Ford. Ebb Ebb, a. Receding; going out; falling; shallow; low. The water there is otherwise very low and ebb. Holland. Ebb tide Ebb" tide` (?). The reflux of tide water; the retiring tide; -- opposed to flood tide. Ebionite E"bi*o*nite (?), n. [Heb. ebyon\'c6m poor people.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of heretics, in the first centuries of the church, whose doctrine was a mixture of Judaism and Christianity. They denied the divinity of Christ, regarding him as an inspired messenger, and rejected much of the New Testament. Ebionitism E"bi*o*ni`tism (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) The system or doctrine of the Ebionites. Eblanin Eb"la*nin (?), n. (Chem.) See Pyroxanthin. Eblis Eb"lis (?), n. [Ar. iblis.] (Moham. Myth.) The prince of the evil spirits; Satan. [Written also Eblees.] Ebon Eb"on (?), a. 1. Consisting of ebony. 2. Like ebony, especially in color; black; dark. Night, sable goddess! from her ebon throne. Young. Ebon Eb"on, n. Ebony. [Poetic] "Framed of ebon and ivory." Sir W. Scott. Ebonist Eb"on*ist (?), n. One who works in ebony. Ebonite Eb"on*ite (?), n. (Chem.) A hard, black variety of vulcanite. It may be cut and polished, and is used for many small articles, as combs and buttons, and for insulating material in electric apparatus. Ebonize Eb"on*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ebonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ebonizing.] To make black, or stain black, in imitation of ebony; as, to ebonize wood. Ebony Eb"on*y (?), n.; pl. Ebonies (#). [F. \'82b\'8ane, L. ebenus, fr. Gr. hobn\'c6m, pl. Cf. Ebon.] A hard, heavy, and durable wood, which admits of a fine polish or gloss. The usual color is black, but it also occurs red or green. NOTE: &hand; Th e fi nest black ebony is the heartwood of Diospyros reticulata, of the Mauritius. Other species of the same genus (D. Ebenum, Melanoxylon, etc.), furnish the ebony of the East Indies and Ceylon. The West Indian green ebony is from a leguminous tree (Brya Ebenus), and from the Exc\'91caria glandulosa. Ebony Eb"on*y, a. Made of ebony, or resembling ebony; black; as, an ebony countenance. This ebony bird beguiling my sad fancy into smiling. Poe. Ebracteate E*brac"te*ate (?), a. [Pref. e- + bracteate.] (Bot.) Without bracts. Ebracteolate E*brac"te*o*late (?), a. [Pref. e- + bracteolate.] (Bot.) Without bracteoles, or little bracts; -- said of a pedicel or flower stalk. Ebrauke E*brau"ke (?), a. [L. Hebraicus: cf. F. H\'82bra\'8bque.] Hebrew. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ebriety E*bri"e*ty (?), n.; pl. Ebrieties (#). [L. ebrietas, from. ebrius intoxicated: cf. F. \'82bri\'82te. Cf. So.] Drunkenness; intoxication by spirituous liquors; inebriety. "Ruinous ebriety." Cowper. _________________________________________________________________ Page 468 Ebrillade E*bril"lade (?), n. [F.] (Man.) A bridle check; a jerk of one rein, given to a horse when he refuses to turn. Ebriosity E`bri*os"i*ty (?), n. [L. ebriositas, from ebriousus given to drinking, fr. ebrius. See Ebriety.] Addiction to drink; habitual drunkenness. Ebrious E"bri*ous (?), a. [L. ebrius.] Inclined to drink to excess; intoxicated; tipsy. [R.] M. Collins. Ebulliate E*bul"li*ate (?), v. i. To boil or bubble up. [Obs.] Prynne. Ebullience; 106, Ebulliency E*bul"lience (?; 106), E*bul"lien*cy (?), n. A boiling up or over; effervescence. Cudworth. Ebullient E*bul"lient (?), a. [L. ebulliens, -entis, p. pr. of ebullire to boil up, bubble up; e out, from + bullire to boil. See 1st Boil.] Boiling up or over; hence, manifesting exhilaration or excitement, as of feeling; effervescing. "Ebullient with subtlety." De Quincey. The ebullient enthusiasm of the French. Carlyle. Ebullioscope E*bul"li*o*scope (?), n. [L. ebullire to boil up + -scope.] (Phys. Chem.) An instrument for observing the boiling point of liquids, especially for determining the alcoholic strength of a mixture by the temperature at which it boils. Ebullition Eb`ul*li"tion (?), n. [F. \'82bullition, L. ebullitio, fr. ebullire. See Ebullient.] 1. A boiling or bubbling up of a liquid; the motion produced in a liquid by its rapid conversion into vapor. 2. Effervescence occasioned by fermentation or by any other process which causes the liberation of a gas or an a\'89riform fluid, as in the mixture of an acid with a carbonated alkali. [Formerly written bullition.] 3. A sudden burst or violent display; an outburst; as, an ebullition of anger or ill temper. Eburin Eb"ur*in (?), n. A composition of dust of ivory or of bone with a cement; -- used for imitations of valuable stones and in making moldings, seals, etc. Knight. Eburnation E`bur*na"tion (?), n. [L. eburnus of ivory, fr. ebur ivory: cf. F. \'82burnation. See Ivory.] (Med.) A condition of bone cartilage occurring in certain diseases of these tissues, in which they acquire an unnatural density, and come to resemble ivory. Eburnean E*bur"ne*an (?), a. [L. eburneus, fr. ebur ivory. See Ivory.] Made of or relating to ivory. Eburnification E*bur`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. eburnus of ivory (fr. ebur ivory) + facere to make.] The conversion of certain substances into others which have the appearance or characteristics of ivory. Eburnine Eb"ur*nine (?), a. Of or pertaining to ivory. "[She] read from tablet eburnine." Sir W. Scott. Ecardines E*car"di*nes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. e out, without + cardo a hinge.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Brachiopoda; the Lyopomata. See Brachiopoda. \'90cart\'82 \'90`car`t\'82" (?), n. [F., prop. fr. \'82carter to reject, discard.] A game at cards, played usually by two persons, in which the players may discard any or all of the cards dealt and receive others from the pack. Ecaudate E*cau"date (?), a. [Pref. e- + caudate.] 1. (Bot.) Without a tail or spur. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Tailless. Ecballium Ec*bal"li*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Ecbole.] (Bot.) A genus of cucurbitaceous plants consisting of the single species Ecballium agreste (or Elaterium), the squirting cucumber. Its fruit, when ripe, bursts and violently ejects its seeds, together with a mucilaginous juice, from which elaterium, a powerful cathartic medicine, is prepared. Ecbasis Ec"ba*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A figure in which the orator treats of things according to their events consequences. Ecbatic Ec*bat"ic (?), a. [See Ecbasis.] (Gram.) Denoting a mere result or consequence, as distinguished from telic, which denotes intention or purpose; thus the phrase so that it was fulfilled," is ecbatic; if rendered "in order that it might be." etc., is telic. Ecbole Ec"bo*le (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A digression in which a person is introduced speaking his own words. Ecbolic Ec*bol"ic (?), n. [See Ecbole.] (Med.) A drug, as ergot, which by exciting uterine contractions promotes the expulsion of the contents of the uterus. Ecboline Ec"bo*line (?; 104), n. [Gr. (Chem.) An alkaloid constituting the active principle of ergot; -- so named from its power of producing abortion. Eccaleobion Ec`ca*le*o"bi*on (?), n. [Gr. A contrivance for hatching eggs by artificial heat. Ecce homo Ec"ce ho"mo (?). [L., behold the man. See John xix. 5.] (Paint.) A picture which represents the Savior as given up to the people by Pilate, and wearing a crown of thorns. Eccentric Ec*cen"tric (?), a. [F. excentrique, formerly also spelled eccentrique, fr. LL. eccentros out of the center, eccentric, Gr. Ex-, and Center, and cf. Excentral.] 1. Deviating or departing from the center, or from the line of a circle; as, an eccentric or elliptical orbit; pertaining to deviation from the center or from true circular motion. 2. Not having the same center; -- said of circles, ellipses, spheres, etc., which, though coinciding, either in whole or in part, as to area or volume, have not the same center; -- opposed to concentric. 3. (Mach.) Pertaining to an eccentric; as, the eccentric rod in a steam engine. 4. Not coincident as to motive or end. His own ends, which must needs be often eccentric to those of his master. Bacon. 5. Deviating from stated methods, usual practice, or established forms or laws; deviating from an appointed sphere or way; departing from the usual course; irregular; anomalous; odd; as, eccentric conduct. "This brave and eccentric young man." Macaulay. He shines eccentric, like a comet's blaze. Savage. Eccentric anomaly. (Astron.) See Anomaly. -- Eccentric chuck (Mach.), a lathe chuck so constructed that the work held by it may be altered as to its center of motion, so as to produce combinations of eccentric combinations of eccentric circles. -- Eccentric gear. (Mach.) (a) The whole apparatus, strap, and other parts, by which the motion of an eccentric is transmitted, as in the steam engine. (b) A cogwheel set to turn about an eccentric axis used to give variable rotation. -- Eccentric hook OR gab, a hook-shaped journal box on the end of an eccentric rod, opposite the strap. -- Eccentric rod, the rod that connects as eccentric strap with any part to be acted upon by the eccentric. -- Eccentric sheave, OR Eccentric pulley, an eccentric. -- Eccentric strap, the ring, operating as a journal box, that encircles and receives motion from an eccentric; -- called also eccentric hoop. Syn. -- Irregular; anomalous; singular; odd; peculiar; erratic; idiosyncratic; strange; whimsical. Eccentric Ec*cen"tric (?), n. 1. A circle not having the same center as another contained in some measure within the first. 2. One who, or that which, deviates from regularity; an anomalous or irregular person or thing. 3. (Astron.) (a) In the Ptolemaic system, the supposed circular orbit of a planet about the earth, but with the earth not in its center. (b) A circle described about the center of an elliptical orbit, with half the major axis for radius. Hutton. 4. (Mach.) A disk or wheel so arranged upon a shaft that the center of the wheel and that of the shaft do not coincide. It is used for operating valves in steam engines, and for other purposes. The motion derived is precisely that of a crank having the same throw. Back eccentric, the eccentric that reverses or backs the valve gear and the engine. -- Fore eccentric, the eccentric that imparts a forward motion to the valve gear and the engine. Eccentrical Ec*cen"tric*al (?), a. See Eccentric. Eccentrically Ec*cen"tric*al*ly, adv. In an eccentric manner. Drove eccentrically here and there. Lew Wallace. Eccentricity Ec`cen*tric"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Eccentricities (#). [Cf. F. excentricit\'82.] 1. The state of being eccentric; deviation from the customary line of conduct; oddity. 2. (Math.) The ratio of the distance between the center and the focus of an ellipse or hyperbola to its semi-transverse axis. 3. (Astron.) The ratio of the distance of the center of the orbit of a heavenly body from the center of the body round which it revolves to the semi-transverse axis of the orbit. 4. (Mech.) The distance of the center of figure of a body, as of an eccentric, from an axis about which it turns; the throw. Ecchymose Ec"chy*mose (?), v. t. (Med.) To discolor by the production of an ecchymosis, or effusion of blood, beneath the skin; -- chiefly used in the passive form; as, the parts were much ecchymosed. Ecchymosis Ec`chy*mo"sis (?), n.; pl. Ecchymoses (. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A livid or black and blue spot, produced by the extravasation or effusion of blood into the areolar tissue from a contusion. Ecchymotic Ec`chy*mot"ic (?), a. Pertaining to ecchymosis. Eccle Ec"cle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European green woodpecker; -- also called ecall, eaquall, yaffle. [Prov. Eng.] Ecclesia Ec*cle"si*a (?), n.; pl. Ecclesi\'91 (. [L., fr. Gr. 1. (Gr. Antiq.) The public legislative assembly of the Athenians. 2. (Eccl.) A church, either as a body or as a building. Ecclesial Ec*cle"si*al (?), a. Ecclesiastical. [Obs.] Milton. Ecclesiarch Ec*cle"si*arch (?), n. [LL. ecclesiarcha, fr. Gr. eccl\'82siarque.] An official of the Eastern Church, resembling a sacrist in the Western Church. Ecclesiast Ec*cle"si*ast (?), n. 1. An ecclesiastic. Chaucer. 2. The Apocryphal book of Ecclesiasticus. [Obs.] Ecclesiastes Ec*cle`si*as"tes (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Ecclesiastic, a.] One of the canonical books of the Old Testament. Ecclesiastic Ec*cle`si*as"tic (?; 277), a. [L. ecclesiasticus, Gr. Ex-, and Hale, v. t., Haul.] Of or pertaining to the church. See Ecclesiastical. "Ecclesiastic government." Swift. Ecclesiastic Ec*cle`si*as"tic, n. A person in holy orders, or consecrated to the service of the church and the ministry of religion; a clergyman; a priest. From a humble ecclesiastic, he was subsequently preferred to the highest dignities of the church. Prescott. Ecclesiastical Ec*cle`si*as"tic*al (?), a. [See Ecclesiastical, a.] Of or pertaining to the church; relating to the organization or government of the church; not secular; as, ecclesiastical affairs or history; ecclesiastical courts. Every circumstance of ecclesiastical order and discipline was an abomination. Cowper. Ecclesiastical commissioners for England, a permanent commission established by Parliament in 1836, to consider and report upon the affairs of the Established Church. -- Ecclesiastical courts, courts for maintaining the discipline of the Established Church; -- called also Christian courts. [Eng.] -- Ecclesiastical law, a combination of civil and canon law as administered in ecclesiastical courts. [Eng.] -- Ecclesiastical modes (Mus.), the church modes, or the scales anciently used. -- Ecclesiastical States, the territory formerly subject to the Pope of Rome as its temporal ruler; -- called also States of the Church.<-- and Papal States. --> Ecclesiastically Ec*cle`si*as"tic*al*ly (?), adv. In an ecclesiastical manner; according ecclesiastical rules. Ecclesiasticism Ec*cle`si*as"ti*cism (?), n. Strong attachment to ecclesiastical usages, forms, etc. Ecclesiasticus Ec*cle`si*as"ti*cus (?), n. [L.] A book of the Apocrypha. Ecclesiological Ec*cle`si*o*log"ic*al (?), a. Belonging to ecclesiology. Ecclesiologist Ec*cle`si*ol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in ecclesiology. Ecclesiology Ec*cle`si*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Ecclesia + -logy.] The science or theory of church building and decoration. Eccritic Ec*crit"ic (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) A remedy which promotes discharges, as an emetic, or a cathartic. Ecderon Ec"der*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) See Ecteron. -- Ec`der*on"ic (#), a. Ecdysis Ec"dy*sis (?), n.; pl. Ecdyses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`kdysis a getting out, fr. 'ekdy`ein, to put off; 'ek out + dy`ein to enter.] (Biol.) The act of shedding, or casting off, an outer cuticular layer, as in the case of serpents, lobsters, etc.; a coming out; as, the ecdysis of the pupa from its shell; exuviation. Ecgonine Ec"go*nine (?; 104), n. [Gr. 'e`kgonos sprung from.] (Chem.) A colorless, crystalline, nitrogenous base, obtained by the decomposition of cocaine. (?), n. [F.] A small chamber or place of protection for a sentinel, usually in the form of a projecting turret, or the like. See Castle. Eche Ech"e (?), a. OR a. pron. Each. [Obs.] Chaucer. Echelon Ech"e*lon (?), n. [F., fr. \'82chelle ladder, fr. L. scala.] 1. (Mil.) An arrangement of a body of troops when its divisions are drawn up in parallel lines each to the right or the left of the one in advance of it, like the steps of a ladder in position for climbing. Also used adjectively; as, echelon distance. Upton (Tactics). 2. (Naval) An arrangement of a fleet in a wedge or Encyc. Dict. Echelon lens (Optics), a large lens constructed in several parts or layers, extending in a succession of annular rings beyond the central lens; -- used in lighthouses. Echelon Ech"e*lon (?), v. t. (Mil.) To place in echelon; to station divisions of troops in echelon. Echelon Ech"e*lon, v. i. To take position in echelon. Change direction to the left, echelon by battalion from the right. Upton (Tactics). Echidna E*chid"na (?), n. [L., a viper, adder, Gr. 1. (Gr. Myth.) A monster, half maid and half serpent. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of Monotremata found in Australia, Tasmania, and New Guinea. They are toothless and covered with spines; -- called also porcupine ant-eater, and Australian ant-eater. Echidnine E*chid"nine (?; 104), n. [See Echidna.] (Chem.) The clear, viscid fluid secreted by the poison glands of certain serpents; also, a nitrogenous base contained in this, and supposed to be the active poisonous principle of the virus. Brande & C. Echinate, Echinated Ech"i*nate (?), Ech"i*na`ted (?), a. [L. echinatus. See Echinus.] Set with prickles; prickly, like a hedgehog; bristled; as, an echinated pericarp. Echinid E*chi"nid (?), a. & n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Echinoid. Echinidan E*chin"i*dan (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82chinide.] (Zo\'94l.) One the Echinoidea. Echinital E*chin"i*tal (?), a. Of, or like, an echinite. Echinite Ech"i*nite (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82chinite. See Echinus.] (Paleon.) A fossil echinoid. Echinococcus E*chi`no*coc"cus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A parasite of man and of many domestic and wild animals, forming compound cysts or tumors (called hydatid cysts) in various organs, but especially in the liver and lungs, which often cause death. It is the larval stage of the T\'91nia echinococcus, a small tapeworm peculiar to the dog. Echinoderm E*chin"o*derm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Echinodermata. Echinodermal E*chi`no*der"mal (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Relating or belonging to the echinoderms. Echinodermata E*chi`no*der"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom. By many writers it was formerly included in the Radiata. [Written also Echinoderma.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 469 NOTE: &hand; Th e sp ecies us ually ha ve an ex terior ca lcareous skeleton, or shell, made of many pieces, and often covered with spines, to which the name. They may be star-shaped, cylindrical, disk-shaped, or more or less spherical. The body consists of several similar parts (spheromeres) repeated symmetrically around a central axis, at one end of which the mouth is situated. They generally have suckers for locomotion. The group includes the following classes: Crinoidea, Asterioidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, and Holothurioidea. See these words in the Vocabulary, and also Ambulacrum. Echinodermatous E*chi`no*der"ma*tous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Relating to Echinodermata; echinodermal. Echinoid E*chi"noid (?), a. [Echinus + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Echinoidea. -- n. One of the Echinoidea. Echinoidea Ech`i*noi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Echinus, and -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) The class Echinodermata which includes the sea urchins. They have a calcareous, usually more or less spheroidal or disk-shaped, composed of many united plates, and covered with movable spines. See Spatangoid, Clypeastroid. [Written also Echinidea, and Echinoida.] Echinozoa E*chi`no*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The Echinodermata. Echinulate E*chin"u*late (?), a. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Set with small spines or prickles. Echinus E*chi"nus (?), n.; pl. Echini (#). [L., a hedgehog, sea urchin, Gr. 1. (Zo\'94l.) A hedgehog. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of echinoderms, including the common edible sea urchin of Europe. 3. (Arch.) (a) The rounded molding forming the bell of the capital of the Grecian Doric style, which is of a peculiar elastic curve. See Entablature. (b) The quarter-round molding (ovolo) of the Roman Doric style. See Illust. of Column (c) A name sometimes given to the egg and anchor or egg and dart molding, because that ornament is often identified with Roman Doric capital. The name probably alludes to the shape of the shell of the sea urchin. Echiuroidea Ech`i*u*roi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. echiurus, the name of one genus (Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Annelida which includes the genus Echiurus and allies. They are often classed among the Gephyrea, and called the armed Gephyreans. Echo Ech"o (?), n.; pl. Echoes (#). [L. echo, Gr. v\'be to sound, bellow; perh. akin to E. voice: cf. F. \'82cho.] 1. A sound reflected from an opposing surface and repeated to the ear of a listener; repercussion of sound; repetition of a sound. The babbling echo mocks the hounds. Shak. The woods shall answer, and the echo ring. Pope. 2. Fig.: Sympathetic recognition; response; answer. Fame is the echo of actions, resounding them. Fuller. Many kind, and sincere speeches found an echo in his heart. R. L. Stevenson. 3. (a) (Myth. & Poetic) A wood or mountain nymph, regarded as repeating, and causing the reverberation of them. Sweet Echo, sweetest nymph, that liv'st unseen Within thy airy shell. Milton. (b) (Gr. Myth.) A nymph, the daughter of Air and Earth, who, for love of Narcissus, pined away until nothing was left of her but her voice. Compelled me to awake the courteous Echo To give me answer from her mossy couch. Milton. Echo organ (Mus.), a set organ pipes inclosed in a box so as to produce a soft, distant effect; -- generally superseded by the swell. -- Echo stop (Mus.), a stop upon a harpsichord contrived for producing the soft effect of distant sound. -- To applaud to the echo, to give loud and continuous applause. M. Arnold. I would applaud thee to the very echo, That should applaud again. Shak. Echo Ech"o, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Echoed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Echoing. -- 3d pers. sing. pres. Echoes (.] 1. To send back (a sound); to repeat in sound; to reverberate. Those peals are echoed by the Trojan throng. Dryden. The wondrous sound Is echoed on forever. Keble. 2. To repeat with assent; to respond; to adopt. They would have echoed the praises of the men whom they Macaulay. Echo Ech"o, v. i. To give an echo; to resound; to be sounded back; as, the hall echoed with acclamations. "Echoing noise." Blackmore. Echoer Ech"o*er (?), n. One who, or that which, echoes. Echoless Ech"o*less, a. Without echo or response. Echometer E*chom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter: cf. F. \'82chom\'8atre.] (Mus) A graduated scale for measuring the duration of sounds, and determining their different, and the relation of their intervals. J. J. Rousseau. Echometry E*chom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82chom\'82trie.] 1. The art of measuring the duration of sounds or echoes. 2. The art of constructing vaults to produce echoes. Echon, Echoon Ech*on" (?), Ech*oon" (?), pron. Each one. [Obs.] Chaucer. Echoscope Ech"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] (Med.) An instrument for intensifying sounds produced by percussion of the thorax. Knight. (?), n. [F.] (Cookery) A kind of frosted cake, containing flavored cream. Eclaircise E*clair"cise (?), v. t. [F. \'82claircir; pref. es- (L. ex) + clair clear, L. clarus.] To make clear; to clear up what is obscure or not understood; to explain. Eclaircissement E*clair"cisse*ment (?), n. [F., fr. \'82claircir. See Eclaircise, v. t.] The clearing up of anything which is obscure or not easily understood; an explanation. The eclaircissement ended in the discovery of the informer. Clarendon. Eclampsia Ec*lamp"si*a (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Med.) A fancied perception of flashes of light, a symptom of epilepsy; hence, epilepsy itself; convulsions. NOTE: &hand; Th e te rm is ge nerally re stricted to a convulsive affection attending pregnancy and parturition, and to infantile convulsions. Eclampsy Ec*lamp"sy (?), n. (Med.) Same as Eclampsia. Eclat E*clat" (?), n. [F. \'82clat a fragment, splinter, explosion, brilliancy, splendor, fr. \'82clater to splinter, burst, explode, shine brilliantly, prob. of German origin; cf. OHG. sleizan to slit, split, fr. sl\'c6zan, G. schleissen; akin to E. slit.] 1. Brilliancy of success or effort; splendor; brilliant show; striking effect; glory; renown. "The eclat of Homer's battles." Pope. 2. Demonstration of admiration and approbation; applause. Prescott. Eclectic Ec*lec"tic (?), a. [Gr. \'82clectique. See Eclogue, and cf. Elect.] 1. Selecting; choosing (what is true or excellent in doctrines, opinions, etc.) from various sources or systems; as, an eclectic philosopher. 2. Consisting, or made up, of what is chosen or selected; as, an eclectic method; an eclectic magazine. Eclectic physician, one of a class of practitioners of medicine, who select their modes of practice and medicines from all schools; formerly, sometimes the same as botanic physician. [U.S.] -- Eclectic school. (Paint.) See Bolognese school, under Bolognese. Eclectic Ec*lec"tic (?), n. One who follows an eclectic method. Eclectically Ec*lec"tic*al*ly (?), adv. In an eclectic manner; by an eclectic method. Eclecticism Ec*lec"ti*cism (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82clecticisme. Cf. Electicism.] Theory or practice of an eclectic. Eclegm Ec*legm" (?), n. [F. \'82clegme, L. ecligma, fr. Gr. (Med.) A medicine made by mixing oils with sirups. John Quincy. Eclipse E*clipse" (?), n. [F. \'82clipse, L. eclipsis, fr. Gr. Ex-, and Loan.] 1. (Astron.) An interception or obscuration of the light of the sun, moon, or other luminous body, by the intervention of some other body, either between it and the eye, or between the luminous body and that illuminated by it. A lunar eclipse is caused by the moon passing through the earth's shadow; a solar eclipse, by the moon coming between the sun and the observer. A satellite is eclipsed by entering the shadow of its primary. The obscuration of a planet or star by the moon or a planet, though of the nature of an eclipse, is called an occultation. The eclipse of a small portion of the sun by Mercury or Venus is called a transit of the planet. NOTE: &hand; In an cient ti mes, ec lipses we re, an d am ong unenlightened people they still are, superstitiously regarded as forerunners of evil fortune, a sentiment of which occasional use is made in literature. That fatal and perfidious bark, Built in the eclipse, and rigged with curses dark. Milton. 2. The loss, usually temporary or partial, of light, brilliancy, luster, honor, consciousness, etc.; obscuration; gloom; darkness. All the posterity of our fist parents suffered a perpetual eclipse of spiritual life. Sir W. Raleigh. As in the soft and sweet eclipse, When soul meets soul on lovers' lips. Shelley. Annular eclipse. (Astron.) See under Annular. -- Cycle of eclipses. See under Cycle. Eclipse E*clipse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eclipsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eclipsing.] 1. To cause the obscuration of; to darken or hide; -- said of a heavenly body; as, the moon eclipses the sun. 2. To obscure, darken, or extinguish the beauty, luster, honor, etc., of; to sully; to cloud; to throw into the shade by surpassing. "His eclipsed state." Dryden. My joy of liberty is half eclipsed. Shak. Eclipse E*clipse", v. i. To suffer an eclipse. While the laboring moon Eclipses at their charms. Milton. Ecliptic E*clip"tic (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82cliptique, L. linea ecliptica, Gr. Ecliptic, a.] 1. (Astron.) A great circle of the celestial sphere, making an angle with the equinoctial of about 23° 28\'b7. It is the apparent path of the sun, or the real path of the earth as seen from the sun. 2. (Geog.) A great circle drawn on a terrestrial globe, making an angle of 23° 28\'b7 with the equator; -- used for illustrating and solving astronomical problems. Ecliptic E*clip"tic, a. [L. eclipticus belonging to an eclipse, Gr. Eclipse.] 1. Pertaining to the ecliptic; as, the ecliptic way. 2. Pertaining to an eclipse or to eclipses. Lunar ecliptic limit (Astron.), the space of 12° on the moon's orbit from the node, within which, if the moon happens to be at full, it will be eclipsed. -- Solar ecliptic limit, the space of 17° from the lunar node, within which, if a conjunction of the sun and moon occur, the sun will be eclipsed. Eclogite Ec"lo*gite (?), n. [See Ecloque.] (Min.) A rock consisting of granular red garnet, light green smaragdite, and common hornblende; -- so called in reference to its beauty. Eclogue Ec"logue (?), n. [L. ecloga, Gr. \'82gloque, \'82cloque. See Ex-, and Legend.] A pastoral poem, in which shepherds are introduced conversing with each other; a bucolic; an idyl; as, the Ecloques of Virgil, from which the modern usage of the word has been established. Economic; 277, Economical E`co*nom"ic (?; 277), E`co*nom"ic*al (?), a. [F. \'82conomique, L. oeconomicus orderly, methodical, Gr. Economy.] 1. Pertaining to the household; domestic. "In this economical misfortune [of ill-assorted matrimony.]" Milton. 2. Relating to domestic economy, or to the management of household affairs. And doth employ her economic art And busy care, her household to preserve. Sir J. Davies. 3. Managing with frugality; guarding against waste or unnecessary expense; careful and frugal in management and in expenditure; -- said of character or habits. Just rich enough, with economic care, To save a pittance. Harte. 4. Managed with frugality; not marked with waste or extravagance; frugal; -- said of acts; saving; as, an economical use of money or of time. 5. Relating to the means of living, or the resources and wealth of a country; relating to political economy; as, economic purposes; economical truths. These matters economical and political. J. C. Shairp. There was no economical distress in England to prompt the enterprises of colonization. Palfrey. Economic questions, such as money, usury, taxes, lands, and the employment of the people. H. C. Baird. 6. Regulative; relating to the adaptation of means to an end. Grew. NOTE: &hand; Ec onomical is th e us ual fo rm when meaning frugal, saving; economic is the form commonly used when meaning pertaining to the management of a household, or of public affairs. Economically E`co*nom"ic*al*ly (?), adv. With economy; with careful management; with prudence in expenditure. Economics E`co*nom"ics (?), n. [Gr. Economic.] 1. The science of household affairs, or of domestic management. 2. Political economy; the science of the utilities or the useful application of wealth or material resources. See Political economy, under Political. "In politics and economics." V. Knox. Economist E*con"o*mist (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82conomiste.] 1. One who economizes, or manages domestic or other concerns with frugality; one who expends money, time, or labor, judiciously, and without waste. "Economists even to parsimony." Burke. 2. One who is conversant with political economy; a student of economics. Economization E*con`o*mi*za"tion (?), n. The act or practice of using to the best effect. [R.] H. Spenser. Economize E*con"o*mize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Economized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Economizing.] [Cf. F. \'82conomiser.] To manage with economy; to use with prudence; to expend with frugality; as, to economize one's income. [Written also economise.] Expenses in the city were to be economized. Jowett (Thucyd. ). Calculating how to economize time. W. Irving. Economize E*con"o*mize, v. i. To be prudently sparing in expenditure; to be frugal and saving; as, to economize in order to grow rich. [Written also economise.] Milton. Economizer E*con"o*mi`zer (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, economizes. 2. Specifically: (Steam Boilers) An arrangement of pipes for heating feed water by waste heat in the gases passing to the chimney. Economy E*con"o*my (?), n.; pl. Economies (#). [F. \'82conomie, L. oeconomia household management, fr. Gr. vicus village, E. vicinity) + Vicinity, Nomad.] 1. The management of domestic affairs; the regulation and government of household matters; especially as they concern expense or disbursement; as, a careful economy. Himself busy in charge of the household economies. Froude. 2. Orderly arrangement and management of the internal affairs of a state or of any establishment kept up by production and consumption; esp., such management as directly concerns wealth; as, political economy. 3. The system of rules and regulations by which anything is managed; orderly system of regulating the distribution and uses of parts, conceived as the result of wise and economical adaptation in the author, whether human or divine; as, the animal or vegetable economy; the economy of a poem; the Jewish economy. The position which they [the verb and adjective] hold in the general economy of language. Earle. In the Greek poets, as also in Plautus, we shall see the economy . . . of poems better observed than in Terence. B. Jonson. The Jews already had a Sabbath, which, as citizens and subjects of that economy, they were obliged to keep. Paley. 4. Thrifty and frugal housekeeping; management without loss or waste; frugality in expenditure; prudence and disposition to save; as, a housekeeper accustomed to economy but not to parsimony. Political economy. See under Political. Syn. -- Economy, Frugality, Parsimony. Economy avoids all waste and extravagance, and applies money to the best advantage; frugality cuts off indulgences, and proceeds on a system of saving. The latter conveys the idea of not using or spending superfluously, and is opposed to lavishness or profusion. Frugality is usually applied to matters of consumption, and commonly points to simplicity of manners; parsimony is frugality carried to an extreme, involving meanness of spirit, and a sordid mode of living. Economy is a virtue, and parsimony a vice. _________________________________________________________________ Page 470 I have no other notion of economy than that it is the parent to liberty and ease. Swift. The father was more given to frugality, and the son to riotousness [luxuriousness]. Golding. (?), n. [F.] (Fine Arts) A manikin, or image, representing an animal, especially man, with the skin removed so that the muscles are exposed for purposes of study. (?), n. [F.] (Mus.) A dancing tune in the Scotch style. Ecostate E*cos"tate (?), a. [Pref. e- + costate.] (Bot.) Having no ribs or nerves; -- said of a leaf. (?), n. [F., a listening place.] (Mil.) One of the small galleries run out in front of the glacis. They serve to annoy the enemy's miners. Ecphasis Ec"pha*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) An explicit declaration. Ecphonema Ec`pho*ne"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A breaking out with some interjectional particle. Ecphoneme Ec"pho*neme (?), n. [See Ecphonema.] A mark (!) used to indicate an exclamation. G. Brown. Ecphonesis Ec`pho*ne"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Ecphonema.] (Rhet.) An animated or passionate exclamation. The feelings by the ecphonesis are very various. Gibbs. Ecphractic Ec*phrac"tic (?), a. [Gr. ecphractique.] (Med.) Serving to dissolve or attenuate viscid matter, and so to remove obstructions; deobstruent. -- n. An ecphractic medicine. Harvey. (?), n. [F.] (Surg.) The operation performed with an \'82craseur. (?), n. [F., fr. \'82craser to crush.] (Surg.) An instrument intended to replace the knife in many operations, the parts operated on being severed by the crushing effect produced by the gradual tightening of a steel chain, so that hemorrhage rarely follows. (?), a. [F., fr. L. crudus raw.] Having the color or appearance of unbleached stuff, as silk, linen, or the like. Ecstasy Ec"sta*sy (?), n.; pl. Ecstasies (#). [F. extase, L. ecstasis, fr. Gr. Ex-, and Stand.] [Also written extasy.] 1. The state of being beside one's self or rapt out of one's self; a state in which the mind is elevated above the reach of ordinary impressions, as when under the influence of overpowering emotion; an extraordinary elevation of the spirit, as when the soul, unconscious of sensible objects, is supposed to contemplate heavenly mysteries. Like a mad prophet in an ecstasy. Dryden. This is the very ecstasy of love. Shak. 2. Excessive and overmastering joy or enthusiasm; rapture; enthusiastic delight. He on the tender grass Would sit, and hearken even to ecstasy. Milton. 3. Violent distraction of mind; violent emotion; excessive grief of anxiety; insanity; madness. [Obs.] That unmatched form and feature of blown youth Blasted with ecstasy. Shak. Our words will but increase his ecstasy. Marlowe. 4. (Med.) A state which consists in total suspension of sensibility, of voluntary motion, and largely of mental power. The body is erect and inflexible; the pulsation and breathing are not affected. Mayne. Ecstasy Ec"sta*sy, v. t. To fill ecstasy, or with rapture or enthusiasm. [Obs.] The most ecstasied order of holy . . . spirits. Jer. Taylor. Ecstatic Ec*stat"ic (?), a. [Gr. extatique. See Ecstasy, n.] 1. Pertaining to, or caused by, ecstasy or excessive emotion; of the nature, or in a state, of ecstasy; as, ecstatic gaze; ecstatic trance. This ecstatic fit of love and jealousy. Hammond. 2. Delightful beyond measure; rapturous; ravishing; as, ecstatic bliss or joy. Ecstatic Ec*stat"ic, n. An enthusiast. [R.] Gauden. Ecstatical Ec*stat"ic*al (?), a. 1. Ecstatic. Bp. Stillingfleet. 2. Tending to external objects. [R.] Norris. Ecstatically Ec*stat"ic*al*ly, adv. Rapturously; ravishingly. Ect-, Ecto- Ect- (?), Ec"to- (?). [Gr. A combining form signifying without, outside, external. Ectad Ec"tad (?), adv. [Ect- + L. ad towards.] (Anat.) Toward the outside or surface; -- opposed to entad. B. G. Wilder. Ectal Ec"tal (?), a. [See Ect-.] (Anat.) Pertaining to, or situated near, the surface; outer; -- opposed to ental. B. G. Wilder. Ectasia Ec*ta"si*a (?), n. [NL. See Ectasis.] (Med.) A dilatation of a hollow organ or of a canal. Ectasis Ec"ta*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Pros.) The lengthening of a syllable from short to long. Ectental Ec*ten"tal (?), a. [Gr. (Biol.) Relating to, or connected with, the two primitive germ layers, the ectoderm and ectoderm; as, the "ectental line" or line of juncture of the two layers in the segmentation of the ovum. C. S. Minot. Ecteron Ec"ter*on (?), n. [See Ect-.] (Anat.) The external layer of the skin and mucous membranes; epithelium; ecderon. -- Ec`ter*on"ic (#), a. Ectethmoid Ec*teth"moid (?), a. [Ect- + ethmoid.] (Anat.) External to the ethmoid; prefrontal. Ecthlipsis Ec*thlip"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. 1. The dropping out or suppression from a word of a consonant, with or without a vowel. 2. (Lat. Pros.) The elision of a final m, with the preceding vowel, before a word beginning with a vowel. Ecthoreum Ec`tho*re"um (?), n.; pl. Ecthorea (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The slender, hollow thread of a nettling cell or cnida. See Nettling cell. [Written also ecthor\'91um.] Ecthyma Ec*thy"ma (?), n.; pl. Ecthymata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A cutaneous eruption, consisting of large, round pustules, upon an indurated and inflamed base. Dunglison. Ecto- Ec"to- (?). See Ect-. Ectoblast Ec"to*blast (?), n. [Ecto- + Gr. (Biol.) (a) The outer layer of the blastoderm; the epiblast; the ectoderm. (b) The outer envelope of a cell; the cell wall. Agassiz. Ectobronchium Ec`to*bron"chi*um (?), n.; pl. Ectobronchia (#). [NL. See Ecto-, and Bronchia.] (Anat.) One of the dorsal branches of the main bronchi in the lungs of birds. Ectocuneriform, Ectocuniform Ec`to*cu*ne"ri*form (?), Ec`to*cu"ni*form (?), n. [Ecto- + cuneiform, cuniform.] (Anat.) One of the bones of the tarsus. See Cuneiform. Ectocyst Ec"to*cyst (?), n. [Ecto- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The outside covering of the Bryozoa. Ectoderm Ec"to*derm (?), n. [Ecto- + -derm.] (Biol.) (a) The outer layer of the blastoderm; epiblast. (b) The external skin or outer layer of an animal or plant, this being formed in an animal from the epiblast. See Illust. of Blastoderm. Ectodermal, Ectodermic Ec`to*der"mal (?), Ec`to*der"mic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or relating to the ectoderm. Ectolecithal Ec`to*lec"i*thal (?), a. [Ecto- + Gr. (Biol.) Having the food yolk, at the commencement of segmentation, in a peripheral position, and the cleavage process confined to the center of the egg; as, ectolecithal ova. Ectomere Ec"to*mere (?), n. [Ecto- + -mere.] (Biol.) The more transparent cells, which finally become external, in many segmenting ova, as those of mammals. Ectoparasite Ec`to*par"a*site (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any parasite which lives on the exterior of animals; -- opposed to endoparasite. -- Ec`to*par`a*sit"ic (#), a. Ectopia Ec*to"pi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A morbid displacement of parts, especially such as is congenial; as, ectopia of the heart, or of the bladder. Ectopic Ec*top"ic (?), a. (Med.) Out of place; congenitally displaced; as, an ectopic organ. Ectoplasm Ec"to*plasm (?), n. [Ecto- + Gr. (Biol.) (a) The outer transparent layer of protoplasm in a developing ovum. (b) The outer hyaline layer of protoplasm in a vegetable cell. (c) The ectosarc of protozoan. Ectoplastic Ec`to*plas"tic (?), a. [Ecto- + Gr. Pertaining to, or composed of, ectoplasm. Ectoprocta Ec`to*proc"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of Bryozoa in which the anus lies outside the circle of tentacles. Ectopy Ec"to*py (?), n. (Med.) Same as Ectopia. Ectorganism Ect*or"gan*ism (?), n. [Ect- + organism.] (Biol.) An external parasitic organism. Ectosarc Ec"to*sarc (?), n. [Ecto- + Gr. (Biol.) The semisolid external layer of protoplasm in some unicellular organisms, as the am\'d2ba; ectoplasm; exoplasm. Ectosteal Ec*tos"te*al (?), a. (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to ectostosis; as, ectosteal ossification. Ectostosis Ec`tos*to"sis (?), n. [NL. See Ect-, and Ostosis.] (Physiol.) A process of bone formation in which ossification takes place in the perichondrium and either surrounds or gradually replaces the cartilage. Ectozoic Ec`to*zo"ic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) See Epizoic. Ectozo\'94n Ec`to*zo"\'94n (?), n.; pl. Ectozoa (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) See Epizo\'94n. Ectropion Ec*tro"pi*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) An unnatural eversion of the eyelids. Ectropium Ec*tro"pi*um (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) Same as Ectropion. Ectrotic Ec*trot"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Med.) Having a tendency to prevent the development of anything, especially of a disease. Ectypal Ec"ty*pal (?), a. [L. ectypus worked in high relief, Gr. Type.] Copied, reproduced as a molding or cast, in contradistinction from the original model. Ectype Ec"type (?), n. [Cf. F. ectype. See Ectypal.] 1. (Classical Arch\'91ol.) (a) A copy, as in pottery, of an artist's original work. Hence: (b) A work sculptured in relief, as a cameo, or in bas-relief (in this sense used loosely). 2. A copy from an original; a type of something that has previously existed. Some regarded him [Klopstock] as an ectype of the ancient prophets. Eng. Cyc. . Ectypography Ec`ty*pog"ra*phy (?), n. [Ectype + -graphy.] A method of etching in which the design upon the plate is produced in relief. Ecumenic, Ecumenical Ec`u*men"ic (?), Ec`u*men"ic*al (?), a. [L. oecumenicus, Gr. Economy.] General; universal; in ecclesiastical usage, that which concerns the whole church; as, an ecumenical council. [Written also .] Ecumenical Bishop, a title assumed by the popes. -- Ecumenical council. See under Council. Ecurie Ec"u*rie (?), n. [F. See Equerry.] A stable. Eczema Ec"ze*ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'e`kzema; "ek out + zei^n to boil.] (Med.) An inflammatory disease of the skin, characterized by the presence of redness and itching, an eruption of small vesicles, and the discharge of a watery exudation, which often dries up, leaving the skin covered with crusts; -- called also tetter, milk crust, and salt rheum. Eczematous Ec*zem"a*tous (?), a. (Med.) Pertaining to eczema; having the characteristic of eczema. -ed -ed (?). The termination of the past participle of regular, or weak, verbs; also, of analogous participial adjectives from nouns; as, pigmented; talented. Edacious E*da"cious (?), a. [L. edax, edacis, fr. edere to eat.] Given to eating; voracious; devouring. Swallowed in the depths of edacious Time. Carlyle. -- E*da"cious*ly, adv. -- E*da"cious*ness, n. Edacity E*dac"i*ty (?), n. [L. edacitas.] Greediness; voracity; ravenousness; rapacity. Bacon. Edda Ed"da (?), n.; pl. Eddas (#). [Icel., lit. great-grandmother (i. e., of Scandinavian poetry), so called by Bishop Brynj\'a3lf Sveinsson, who brought it again to light in 1643.] The religious or mythological book of the old Scandinavian tribes of German origin, containing two collections of Sagas (legends, myths) of the old northern gods and heroes. NOTE: &hand; Th ere ar e tw o Ed das. Th e ol der, consisting of 39 poems, was reduced to writing from oral tradition in Iceland between 1050 and 1133. The younger or prose Edda, called also the Edda of Snorri, is the work of several writers, though usually ascribed to Snorri Sturleson, who was born in 1178. Eddaic, Eddic Ed*da"ic (?), Ed"dic (?), a. Relating to the Eddas; resembling the Eddas. Edder Ed"der (?), n. [See Adder.] (Zo\'94l.) An adder or serpent. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. Edder Ed"der, n. [AS. edor hedge, fence; akin to etar.] Flexible wood worked into the top of hedge stakes, to bind them together. [Obs.] Tusser. Edder Ed"der, v. t. To bind the top interweaving edder; as, to edder a hedge. [Obs.] Eddish Ed"dish (?), n. [AS. edisc; cf. AS. pref. ed- again, anew. Cf. Eddy, and Arrish.] Aftermath; also, stubble and stubble field. See Arrish. [Eng.] Eddoes Ed"does (?), n. pl. (Bot.) The tubers of Colocasia antiquorum. See Taro. Eddy Ed"dy (?), n.; pl. Eddies (#). [Prob. fr. Icel. i; cf. Icel. pref. i back, AS. ed-, OS. idug-, OHG. ita-; Goth. id-.] 1. A current of air or water running back, or in a direction contrary to the main current. 2. A current of water or air moving in a circular direction; a whirlpool. And smiling eddies dimpled on the main. Dryden. Wheel through the air, in circling eddies play. Addison. NOTE: Used also adjectively; as, eddy winds. Dryden. Eddy Ed"dy, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Eddied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eddying.] To move as an eddy, or as in an eddy; to move in a circle. Eddying round and round they sink. Wordsworth. Eddy Ed"dy, v. t. To collect as into an eddy. [R.] The circling mountains eddy in From the bare wild the dissipated storm. Thomson. Edelweiss E"del*weiss (?), n. [G., fr. edel noble + weiss white.] (Bot.) A little, perennial, white, woolly plant (Leontopodium alpinum), growing at high elevations in the Alps.<-- = the national flower of Austria --> Edema E*de"ma (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) Same as \'d2dema. Edematous, OR Edematose E*de"ma*tous (?), OR E*de"ma*tose` (?), a. (Med.) Same as \'d2dematous. Eden E"den (?), n. [Heb. \'c7den delight, pleasure; also, a place of pleasure, Eden.] The garden where Adam and Eve first dwelt; hence, a delightful region or residence. Edenic E*den"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Eden; paradisaic. "Edenic joys." Mrs. Browning. Edenite E"den*ite (?), n. [From Edenville, N. Y.] (Min.) A variety of amphibole. See Amphibole. Edenized E"den*ized (?), a. Admitted to a state of paradisaic happiness. [R.] Davies (Wit's Pilgr. ). Edental E*den"tal (?), a. See Edentate, a. -- n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Edentata. Edentalous E*den"tal*ous (?), a. See Edentate, a. Edentata E`den*ta"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., neut. pl. from L. edentatus, p. p. of edentare to render toothless; e out + dens, dentis, tooth.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of mammals including the armadillos, sloths, and anteaters; -- called also Bruta. The incisor teeth are rarely developed, and in some groups all the teeth are lacking. Edentate E*den"tate (?), a. 1. Destitute of teeth; as, an edentate quadruped; an edentate leaf. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Edentata. _________________________________________________________________ Page 471 Edentate E*den"tate (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Edentata. Edentated E*den`ta*ted (?), a. Same as Edentate, a. Edentation E`den*ta"tion (?), n. A depriving of teeth. [R.] Cockeram. Edentulous E*den"tu*lous (?; 135), a. [L. edentulus; e out + dens, dentis, tooth.] Toothless. Edge Edge (?), n. [OE. eg, egge, AS. ecg; akin to OHG. ekka, G. ecke, Icel. & Sw. egg, Dan. eg, and to L. acies, Gr. a edge. Egg, v. t., Eager, Ear spike of corn, Acute.] 1. The thin cutting side of the blade of an instrument; as, the edge of an ax, knife, sword, or scythe. Hence, figuratively, that which cuts as an edge does, or wounds deeply, etc. He which hath the sharp sword with two edges. Rev. ii. 12. Slander, Whose edge is sharper than the sword. Shak. 2. Any sharp terminating border; a margin; a brink; extreme verge; as, the edge of a table, a precipice. Upon the edge of yonder coppice. Shak. In worst extremes, and on the perilous edge Of battle. Milton. Pursue even to the very edge of destruction. Sir W. Scott. 3. Sharpness; readiness of fitness to cut; keenness; intenseness of desire. The full edge of our indignation. Sir W. Scott. Death and persecution lose all the ill that they can have, if we do not set an edge upon them by our fears and by our vices. Jer. Taylor. 4. The border or part adjacent to the line of division; the beginning or early part; as, in the edge of evening. "On the edge of winter." Milton. Edge joint (Carp.), a joint formed by two edges making a corner. -- Edge mill, a crushing or grinding mill in which stones roll around on their edges, on a level circular bed; -- used for ore, and as an oil mill. Called also Chilian mill. -- Edge molding (Arch.), a molding whose section is made up of two curves meeting in an angle. -- Edge plane. (a) (Carp.) A plane for edging boards. (b) (Shoemaking) A plane for edging soles. -- Edge play, a kind of swordplay in which backswords or cutlasses are used, and the edge, rather than the point, is employed. -- Edge rail. (Railroad) (a) A rail set on edge; -- applied to a rail of more depth than width. (b) A guard rail by the side of the main rail at a switch. Knight. -- Edge railway, a railway having the rails set on edge. -- Edge stone, a curbstone. -- Edge tool. (a) Any tool instrument having a sharp edge intended for cutting. (b) A tool for forming or dressing an edge; an edging tool. -- To be on edge, to be eager, impatient, or anxious. -- To set the teeth on edge, to cause a disagreeable tingling sensation in the teeth, as by bringing acids into contact with them. Bacon. Edge Edge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Edged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Edging.] 1. To furnish with an edge as a tool or weapon; to sharpen. To edge her champion's sword. Dryden. 2. To shape or dress the edge of, as with a tool. 3. To furnish with a fringe or border; as, to edge a dress; to edge a garden with box. Hills whose tops were edged with groves. Pope. 4. To make sharp or keen, figuratively; to incite; to exasperate; to goad; to urge or egg on. [Obs.] By such reasonings, the simple were blinded, and the malicious edged. Hayward. 5. To move by little and little or cautiously, as by pressing forward edgewise; as, edging their chairs forwards. Locke. Edge Edge, v. i. 1. To move sideways; to move gradually; as, edge along this way. 2. To sail close to the wind. I must edge up on a point of wind. Dryden. To edge away OR off (Naut.), to increase the distance gradually from the shore, vessel, or other object. -- To edge down (Naut.), to approach by slow degrees, as when a sailing vessel approaches an object in an oblique direction from the windward. -- To edge in, to get in edgewise; to get in by degrees. -- To edge in with, as with a coast or vessel (Naut.), to advance gradually, but not directly, toward it. Edgebone Edge"bone` (?), n. Same as Aitchbone. Edgeless Edge"less, a. Without an edge; not sharp; blunt; obtuse; as, an edgeless sword or weapon. Edgelong Edge"long (?; 115), adv. In the direction of the edge. [Obs.] Three hundred thousand pieces have you stuck Edgelong into the ground. B. Jonson. Edgeshot Edge"shot (?), a. (Carp.) Having an edge planed, -- said of a board. Knight. Edgeways, Edgewise Edge"ways (?), Edge"wise (?), adv. With the edge towards anything; in the direction of the edge. Glad to get in a word, as they say, edgeways. Sir W. Scott. Edging Edg"ing (?), n. 1. That which forms an edge or border, as the fringe, trimming, etc., of a garment, or a border in a garden. Dryden. 2. The operation of shaping or dressing the edge of anything, as of a piece of metal. Edging machine, a machine tool with a revolving cutter, for dressing edges, as of boards, or metal plates, to a pattern or templet. Edgingly Edg"ing*ly, adv. Gradually; gingerly. [R.] Edgy Edg"y (?), a. [From Edge.] 1. Easily irritated; sharp; as, an edgy temper. 2. (Fine Arts) Having some of the forms, such as drapery or the like, too sharply defined. "An edgy style of sculpture." Hazlitt. Edh Edh (?), n. The name of the Anglo-Saxon letter &edh;, capital form . It is sounded as "English th in a similar word: &omac;&edh;er, other, d(°)&edh;, doth." March. Edibility Ed`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. Suitableness for being eaten; edibleness. Edible Ed"i*ble (?), a. [L. edibilis, fr. edere to eat. See Eat.] Fit to be eaten as food; eatable; esculent; as, edible fishes. Bacon. -- n. Anything edible. Edible bird's nest. See Bird's nest, 2. -- Edible crab (Zo\'94l.), any species of crab used as food, esp. the American blue crab (Callinectes hastatus). See Crab. -- Edible frog (Zo\'94l.), the common European frog (Rana esculenta), used as food. -- Edible snail (Zo\'94l.), any snail used as food, esp. Helix pomatia and H. aspersa of Europe. Edibleness Ed"i*ble*ness, n. Suitableness for being eaten. Edict E"dict (?), n. [L. edictum, fr. edicere, edictum, to declare, proclaim; e out + dicere to say: cf. F. \'82dit. See Diction.] A public command or ordinance by the sovereign power; the proclamation of a law made by an absolute authority, as if by the very act of announcement; a decree; as, the edicts of the Roman emperors; the edicts of the French monarch. It stands as an edict in destiny. Shak. Edict of Nantes (French Hist.), an edict issued by Henry IV. (A. D. 1598), giving toleration to Protestants. Its revocation by Louis XIV. (A. D. 1685) was followed by terrible persecutions and the expatriation of thousands of French Protestants. Syn. -- Decree; proclamation; law; ordinance; statute; rule; order; manifesti; command. See Law. Edictal E*dic"tal (?), a. Relating to, or consisting of, edicts; as, the Roman edictal law. Edificant Ed"i*fi*cant (?), a. [L. aedificans, -antis, p. pr. of aedificare. See Edify.] Building; constructing. [R.] Dugard. Edification Ed`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. aedificatio: cf. F. \'82dification. See Edify.] 1. The act of edifying, or the state of being edified; a building up, especially in a moral or spiritual sense; moral, intellectual, or spiritual improvement; instruction. The assured edification of his church. Bp. Hall. Out of these magazines I shall supply the town with what may tend to their edification. Addison. 2. A building or edifice. [Obs.] Bullokar. Edificatory Ed"i*fi*ca`to*ry (?), a. Tending to edification. Bp. Hall. Edifice Ed"i*fice (?), n. [L. aedificium, fr. aedificare: cf. F. \'82difice. See Edify.] A building; a structure; an architectural fabric; -- chiefly applied to elegant houses, and other large buildings; as, a palace, a church, a statehouse. Edificial Ed`i*fi"cial (?), a. [L. aedificialis.] Pertaining to an edifice; structural. Edifier Ed"i*fi`er (?), n. 1. One who builds. [Obs.] 2. One who edifies, builds up, or strengthens another by moral or religious instruction. Edify Ed"i*fy (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Edified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Edifying.] [F. \'82difier, L. aedificare; aedes a building, house, orig., a fireplace (akin to Gr. idh to kindle, OHG. eit funeral pile, AS. \'bed, OIr. aed fire) + facere to make. See Fact, -fy.] 1. To build; to construct. [Archaic] There was a holy chapel edified. Spenser. 2. To instruct and improve, especially in moral and religious knowledge; to teach. It does not appear probable that our dispute [about miracles] would either edify or enlighten the public. Gibbon. 3. To teach or persuade. [Obs.] Bacon. Edify Ed"i*fy, v. i. To improve. [R.] Swift. Edifying Ed"i*fy`ing (?), a. Instructing; improving; as, an edifying conversation. -- Ed"i*fy`ing*ly, adv. -- Ed"i*fy`ing*ness, n. Edile E"dile (?), n. [L. aedilis: cf. F. \'82dile. Cf. \'92dile.] (Rom. Antiq.) See \'92dile. Edileship E"dile*ship, n. The office of \'91dile. T. Arnold. Edingtonite Ed"ing*ton*ite (?), n. (Min.) A grayish white zeolitic mineral, in tetragonal crystals. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and baryta. Edit Ed"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Edited; p. pr. & vb. n. Editing.] [F. \'82diter, or L. editus, p. p. of edere to give out, put forth, publish; e out + dare to give. See Date a point of time.] To superintend the publication of; to revise and prepare for publication; to select, correct, arrange, etc., the matter of, for publication; as, to edit a newspaper. Philosophical treatises which have never been edited. Enfield. Edition E*di"tion (?), n. [L. editio, fr. edere to publish; cf. F. \'82dition. See Edit.] 1. A literary work edited and published, as by a certain editor or in a certain manner; as, a good edition of Chaucer; Chalmers' edition of Shakespeare. 2. The whole number of copies of a work printed and published at one time; as, the first edition was soon sold. \'90dition de luxe \'90`di`tion" de luxe" (?). [F.] See Luxe. Editioner E*di`tion*er (?), n. An editor. [Obs.] Editor Ed"i*tor (?), n. [L., that which produces, from edere to publish: cf. F. \'82diteur.] One who edits; esp., a person who prepares, superintends, revises, and corrects a book, magazine, or newspaper, etc., for publication. Editorial Ed`i*to"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to an editor; written or sanctioned by an editor; as, editorial labors; editorial remarks. <-- editorial content --> Editorial Ed`i*to"ri*al, n. A leading article in a newspaper or magazine; an editorial article; an article published as an expression of the views of the editor. Editorially Ed`i*to"ri*al*ly (?), adv. In the manner or character of an editor or of an editorial article. Editorship Ed"i*tor*ship (?), n. The office or charge of an editor; care and superintendence of a publication. Editress Ed"i*tress (?), n. A female editor. Edituate E*dit"u*ate (?), v. t. [LL. aedituatus, p. p. of aedituare, fr. L. aedituus a temple warden; aedes building, temple + tueri to guard.] To guard as a churchwarden does. [Obs.] J. Gregory. Edomite E"dom*ite (?), n. One of the descendants of Esau or Edom, the brother of Jacob; an Idumean. Edriophthalma Ed`ri*oph*thal"ma (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of Crustacea in which the eyes are without stalks; the Arthrostraca. [Written also Edriophthalmata.] Edriophthalmous Ed`ri*oph*thal"mous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Edriophthalma. Educability Ed`u*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82ducabilit\'82.] Capability of being educated. Educable Ed"u*ca*ble (?; 135), a. [Cf. F. \'82ducable.] Capable of being educated. "Men are educable." M. Arnold. Educate Ed"u*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Educated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Educating (?).] [L. educatus, p. p. of educare to bring up a child physically or mentally, to educate, fr. educere to Educe.] To bring as, to educate a child; to educate the eye or the taste. Syn. -- To develop; instruct; teach; inform; enlighten; edify; bring up; train; breed; rear; discipline; indoctrinate. Educated Ed"u*ca`ted (?), a. Formed or developed by education; as, an educated man. Education Ed`u*ca"tion (?; 135), n. [L. educatio; cf. F. \'82ducation.] The act or process of educating; the result of educating, as determined by the knowledge skill, or discipline of character, acquired; also, the act or process of training by a prescribed or customary course of study or discipline; as, an education for the bar or the pulpit; he has finished his education. To prepare us for complete living is the function which education has to discharge. H. Spenser. Syn. -- Education, Instruction, Teaching, Training, Breeding. Education, properly a drawing forth, implies not so much the communication of knowledge as the discipline of the intellect, the establishment of the principles, and the regulation of the heart. Instruction is that part of education which furnishes the mind with knowledge. Teaching is the same, being simply more familiar. It is also applied to practice; as, teaching to speak a language; teaching a dog to do tricks. Training is a department of education in which the chief element is exercise or practice for the purpose of imparting facility in any physical or mental operation. Breeding commonly relates to the manners and outward conduct. Educational Ed`u*ca"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to education. "His educational establishment." J. H. Newman. Educationist Ed`u*ca"tion*ist, n. One who is versed in the theories of, or who advocates and promotes, education. Educative Ed"u*ca*tive (?; 135), a. [Cf. F. \'82ducatif.] Tending to educate; that gives education; as, an educative process; an educative experience. Educator Ed"u*ca`tor (?), n. [L.] One who educates; a teacher. Educe E*duce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Educed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Educing (?).] [L. educere; e out + ducere to lead. See Duke.] To bring or draw out; to cause to appear; to produce against counter agency or influence; to extract; to evolve; as, to educe a form from matter. The eternal art educing good from ill. Pope. They want to educe and cultivate what is best and noblest in themselves. M. Arnold. Educible E*du"ci*ble (?), a. Capable of being educed. Educt E"duct (?), n. [L. eductum, fr. educere.] That which is educed, as by analysis. Sir W. Hamilton. Eduction E*duc"tion (?), n. [L. eductio.] The act of drawing out or bringing into view. Eduction pipe, AND Eduction port. See Exhaust pipe and Exhaust port, under Exhaust, a. Eductive E*duc"tive (?), a. Tending to draw out; extractive. Eductor E*duc"tor (?), n. [L., tutor.] One who, or that which, brings forth, elicits, or extracts. Stimulus must be called an eductor of vital ether. E. Darwin. Edulcorant E*dul"co*rant (?), a. [See Edulcorate.] Having a tendency to purify or to sweeten by removing or correcting acidity and acrimony. Edulcorant E*dul"co*rant, n. An edulcorant remedy. Edulcorate E*dul"co*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Edulcorated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Edulcorating.] [L. e oudulcoratus, p. p. of dulcorare to sweeten, fr. dulcor sweetness, fr. dulcis sweet: cf. F. \'82dulcorer.] 1. To render sweet; to sweeten; to free from acidity. Succory . . . edulcorated with sugar and vinegar. Evelyn. 2. (Chem.) To free from acids, salts, or other soluble substances, by washing; to purify. [R.] Edulcoration E*dul`co*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82dulcoration.] 1. The act of sweetening or edulcorating. 2. (Chem.) The act of freeing from acids or any soluble substances, by affusions of water. [R.] Ure. _________________________________________________________________ Page 472 Edulcorative E*dul"co*ra*tive (?), a. Tending to Edulcorator E*dul"co*ra`tor (?), n. A contrivance used to supply small quantities of sweetened liquid, water, etc., to any mixture, or to test tubes, etc.; a dropping bottle. Edulious E*du"li*ous (?), a. [L. edulis, fr. edere to eat.] Edible. [Obs.] "Edulious pulses." Sir T. Browne. -ee -ee (?). [Formed on the F. p. p. ending -\'82, masc.] A suffix used, chiefly in law terms, in a passive signification, to indicate the direct or indirect object of an action, or the one to whom an act is done or on whom a right is conferred; as in assignee, donee, alienee, grantee, etc. It is correlative to -or, the agent or doer. Eek, Eeke Eek, Eeke (?), v. t. See Eke. [Obs.] Spenser. Eel Eel (?), n. [AS. ; akin to D., G., & Dan. aal, Icel. \'bell, Sw. \'86l.] (Zo\'94l.) An elongated fish of many genera and species. The common eels of Europe and America belong to the genus Anguilla. The electrical eel is a species of Gymnotus. The so called vinegar eel is a minute nematode worm. See Conger eel, Electric eel, and Gymnotus. Eelbuck Eel"buck` (?), n. An eelpot or eel basket. Eelfare Eel"fare` (?), n. [Eel + fare a journey or passage.] (Zo\'94l.) A brood of eels. [Prov. Eng.] Eelgrass Eel"grass` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Zostera marina), with very long and narrow leaves, growing abundantly in shallow bays along the North Atlantic coast. Eel-mother Eel"-moth`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The eelpout. Eelpot Eel"pot` (?), n. A boxlike structure with funnel-shaped traps for catching eels; an eelbuck. Eelpout Eel"pout` (?), n. [AS. .] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A European fish (Zoarces viviparus), remarkable for producing living young; -- called also greenbone, guffer, bard, and Maroona eel. Also, an American species (Z. anguillaris), -- called also mutton fish, and, erroneously, congo eel, ling, and lamper eel. Both are edible, but of little value. (b) A fresh-water fish, the burbot. Eelspear Eel"spear` (?), n. A spear with barbed forks for spearing eels. E'en E'en (?), adv. A contraction for even. See Even. I have e'en done with you. L'Estrange. Een Een (?), n. The old plural of Eye. And eke with fatness swollen were his een. Spenser. E'er E'er (?; 277), adv. A contraction for ever. See Ever. Eerie, Eery Ee"rie, Ee"ry (?), a. [Scotch, fr. AS. earh timid.] 1. Serving to inspire fear, esp. a dread of seeing ghosts; wild; weird; as, eerie stories. She whose elfin prancer springs By night to eery warblings. Tennyson. 2. Affected with fear; affrighted. Burns. Eerily Ee"ri*ly (?), adv. In a strange, unearthly way. Eerisome Ee"ri*some (?), a. Causing fear; eerie. [Scot.] Eet Eet (?), obs. imp. of Eat. Chaucer. Effable Ef"fa*ble (?), a. [L. effabilis; ex out + fari to speak.] Capable of being uttered or explained; utterable. Barrow. Efface Ef*face" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effaced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Effacing (?).] [F. effacer; pref. es- (L. ex) + face face; prop., to destroy the face or form. See Face, and cf. Deface.] 1. To cause to disappear (as anything impresses or inscribed upon a surface) by rubbing out, striking out, etc.; to erase; to render illegible or indiscernible; as, to efface the letters on a monument, or the inscription on a coin. 2. To destroy, as a mental impression; to wear away. Efface from his mind the theories and notions vulgarly received. Bacon. Syn. -- To blot out; expunge; erase; obliterate; cancel; destroy. -- Efface, Deface. To deface is to injure or impair a figure; to efface is to rub out or destroy, so as to render invisible. Effaceable Ef*face"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being effaced. Effacement Ef*face"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. effacement.] The act if effacing; also, the result of the act. Effascinate Ef*fas"ci*nate (?), v. t. [L. effascinare.] To charm; to bewitch. [Obs.] Heywood. Effascination Ef*fas`ci*na"tion (?), n. [L. effascinatio.] A charming; state of being bewitched or deluded. [Obs.] Effect Ef*fect" (?), n. [L. effectus, fr. efficere, effectum, to effect; ex + facere to make: cf. F. effet, formerly also spelled effect. See Fact.] 1. Execution; performance; realization; operation; as, the law goes into effect in May. That no compunctious visitings of nature Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between The effect and it. Shak. 2. Manifestation; expression; sign. All the large effects That troop with majesty. Shak. 3. In general: That which is produced by an agent or cause; the event which follows immediately from an antecedent, called the cause; result; consequence; outcome; fruit; as, the effect of luxury. The effect is the unfailing index of the amount of the cause. Whewell. 4. Impression left on the mind; sensation produced. Patchwork . . . introduced for oratorical effect. J. C. Shairp. The effect was heightened by the wild and lonely nature of the place. W. Irving. 5. Power to produce results; efficiency; force; importance; account; as, to speak with effect. 6. Consequence intended; purpose; meaning; general intent; -- with to. They spake to her to that effect. 2 Chron. xxxiv. 22. 7. The purport; the sum and substance. "The effect of his intent." Chaucer. 8. Reality; actual meaning; fact, as distinguished from mere appearance. No other in effect than what it seems. Denham. 9. pl. Goods; movables; personal estate; -- sometimes used to embrace real as well as personal property; as, the people escaped from the town with their effects. For effect, for an exaggerated impression or excitement. -- In effect, in fact; in substance. See 8, above. -- Of no effect, Of none effect, To no effect, OR Without effect, destitute of results, validity, force, and the like; vain; fruitless. "Making the word of God of none effect through your tradition." Mark vii. 13. "All my study be to no effect." Shak. -- To give effect to, to make valid; to carry out in practice; to push to its results. -- To take effect, to become operative, to accomplish aims. Shak. Syn. -- Effect, Consequence, Result. These words indicate things which arise out of some antecedent, or follow as a consequent. Effect, which may be regarded as the generic term, denotes that which springs directly from something which can properly be termed a cause. A consequence is more remote, not being strictly caused, nor yet a mere sequence, but following out of and following indirectly, or in the train of events, something on which it truly depends. A result is still more remote and variable, like the rebound of an elastic body which falls in very different directions. We may foresee the effects of a measure, may conjecture its consequences, but can rarely discover its final results. Resolving all events, with their effects And manifold results, into the will And arbitration wise of the Supreme. Cowper. Shun the bitter consequence, for know, The day thou eatest thereof, . . . thou shalt die. Milton. Effect Ef*fect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effected; p. pr. & vb. n. Effecting.] 1. To produce, as a cause or agent; to cause to be. So great a body such exploits to effect. Daniel. 2. To bring to pass; to execute; to enforce; to achieve; to accomplish. To effect that which the divine counsels had decreed. Bp. Hurd. They sailed away without effecting their purpose. Jowett (Th. ). Syn. -- To accomplish; fulfill; achieve; complete; execute; perform; attain. See Accomplish. Effecter Ef*fect"er (?), n. One who effects. Effectible Ef*fect"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being done or achieved; practicable; feasible. Sir T. Browne. Effection Ef*fec"tion (?), n. [L. effectio: cf. F. effection.] Creation; a doing. [R.] Sir M. Hale. Effective Ef*fect"ive (?), a. [L. effectivus: cf. F. effectif.] Having the power to produce an effect or effects; producing a decided or decisive effect; efficient; serviceable; operative; as, an effective force, remedy, speech; the effective men in a regiment. They are not effective of anything, nor leave no work behind them. Bacon. Whosoever is an effective, real cause of doing his heighbor wrong, is criminal. Jer. Taylor. Syn. -- Efficient; forcible; active; powerful; energetic; competent. See Effectual. Effective Ef*fect"ive, n. 1. That which produces a given effect; a cause. Jer. Taylor. 2. One who is capable of active service. He assembled his army -- 20,000 effectives -- at Corinth. W. P. Johnston. 3. [F. effectif real, effective, real amount.] (Com.) Specie or coin, as distinguished from paper currency; -- a term used in many parts of Europe. Simmonds. Effectively Ef*fect"ive*ly, adv. With effect; powerfully; completely; thoroughly. Effectiveness Ef*fect"ive*ness, n. The quality of being effective. Effectless Ef*fect"less (?), a. Without effect or advantage; useless; bootless. Shak. -- Ef*fect"less*ly, adv. Effector Ef*fect"or (?), n. [L.] An effecter. Derham. Effectual Ef*fec"tu*al (?; 135), a. [See Effect, n.] Producing, or having adequate power or force to produce, an intended effect; adequate; efficient; operative; decisive. Shak. Effectual steps for the suppression of the rebellion. Macaulay. Effectual calling (Theol.), a doctrine concerning the work of the Holy Spirit in producing conviction of sin and acceptance of salvation by Christ, -- one of the five points of Calvinism. See Calvinism. Syn. -- Effectual, Efficacious, Effective. An efficacious remedy is had recourse to, and proves effective if it does decided good, effectual if it does all the good desired. C. J. Smith. Effectually Ef*fec"tu*al*ly, adv. 1. With effect; efficaciously. 2. Actually; in effect. [Obs.] Fuller. Effectualness Ef*fec"tu*al*ness, n. The quality of being effectual. Effectuate Ef*fec"tu*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effectuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Effectuating.] [Cf. F. effectuer. See Effect, n. & v. t.] To bring to pass; to effect; to achieve; to accomplish; to fulfill. A fit instrument to effectuate his desire. Sir P. Sidney. In order to effectuate the thorough reform. G. T. Curtis. Effectuation Ef*fec`tu*a"tion (?), n. Act of effectuating. Effectuose, Effectuous Ef*fec"tu*ose` (?), Ef*fec"tu*ous (?), a. Effective. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Effectuously Ef*fec"tu*ous*ly, adv. Effectively. [Obs.] Effeminacy Ef*fem"i*na*cy (?), n.; pl. Effeminacies (#). [From Effeminate.] Characteristic quality of a woman, such as softness, luxuriousness, delicacy, or weakness, which is unbecoming a man; womanish delicacy or softness; -- used reproachfully of men. Milton. Effeminate Ef*fem"i*nate (?), a. [L. effeminatus, p. p. of effeminare to make a woman of; ex out + femina a woman. See Feminine, a.] 1. Having some characteristic of a woman, as delicacy, luxuriousness, etc.; soft or delicate to an unmanly degree; womanish; weak. The king, by his voluptuous life and mean marriage, became effeminate, and less sensible of honor. Bacon. An effeminate and unmanly foppery. Bp. Hurd. 2. Womanlike; womanly; tender; -- in a good sense. Gentle, kind, effeminate remorse. Shak. NOTE: &hand; Ef feminate an d wo manish ar e ge nerally us ed in a reproachful sense; feminine and womanly, applied to women, are epithets of propriety or commendation. Effeminate Ef*fem"i*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effeminated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Effeminating (?).] To make womanish; to make soft and delicate; to weaken. It will not corrupt or effeminate children's minds. Locke. Effeminate Ef*fem"i*nate, v. i. To grow womanish or weak. In a slothful peace both courage will effeminate and manners corrupt. Pope. Effeminately Ef*fem"i*nate*ly (?), adv. 1. In an effeminate or womanish manner; weakly; softly; delicately. "Proud and effeminately gay." Fawkes. 2. By means of a woman; by the power or art of a woman. [R.] "Effeminately vanquished." Milton. Effeminateness Ef*fem"i*nate*ness, n. The state of being effeminate; unmanly softness. Fuller. Effemination Ef*fem`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. effeminatio.] Effeminacy; womanishness. [Obs.] Bacon. Effeminize Ef*fem"i*nize (?), v. t. To make effeminate. [Obs.] Effendi Ef*fen"di (?), n. [Turk. efendi, fr. Modern Gr. Authentic.] Master; sir; -- a title of a Turkish state official and man of learning, especially one learned in the law. Efferent Ef"fe*rent (?), a. [L. efferens, -entis, p. pr. of effere to bear out; ex out + ferre to bear.] (Physiol.) (a) Conveying outward, or discharging; -- applied to certain blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, etc. (b) Conveyed outward; as, efferent impulses, i. e., such as are conveyed by the motor or efferent nerves from the central nervous organ outwards; -- opposed to afferent. Efferent Ef"fe*rent (?), n. An efferent duct or stream. Efferous Ef"fer*ous (?), a. [L. efferus savage; ex (intens.) + ferus wild.] Like a wild beast; fierce. [Obs.] Effervesce Ef`fer*vesce" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Effervesced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Effervescing (?).] [L. effervescere; ex + fervescere to begin boiling, incho., fr. fervere to boil. See Fervent.] 1. To be in a state of natural ebullition; to bubble and hiss, as fermenting liquors, or any fluid, when some part escapes in a gaseous form. 2. To exhibit, in lively natural expression, feelings that can not be repressed or concealed; as, to effervesce with joy or merriment. Effervescence, Effervescency Ef`fer*ves"cence (?), Ef`fer*ves"cen*cy (?), n. [Cf. F. effervescence.] A kind of natural ebullition; that commotion of a fluid which takes place when some part of the mass flies off in a gaseous form, producing innumerable small bubbles; as, the effervescence of a carbonate with citric acid. Effervescent Ef`fer*ves"cent (?), a. [L. effervescences, p. pr. of effervescere: cf. F. effervescent.] Gently boiling or bubbling, by means of the disengagement of gas Effervescible Ef`fer*ves"ci*ble (?), a. Capable of effervescing. Effervescive Ef`fer*ves"cive (?), a. Tending to produce effervescence. "An effervescive force." Hickok. Effet Ef"fet (?), n. [See Eft, n.] (Zo\'94l.) The common newt; -- called also asker, eft, evat, and ewt. Effete Ef*fete" (?), a. [L. effetus that has brought forth, exhausted; ex + fetus that has brought forth. See Fetus.] No longer capable of producing young, as an animal, or fruit, as the earth; hence, worn out with age; exhausted of energy; incapable of efficient action; no longer productive; barren; sterile. Effete results from virile efforts. Mrs. Browning If they find the old governments effete, worn out, . . . they may seek new ones. Burke. Efficacious Ef`fi*ca"cious (?), a. [L. eficax, -acis, fr. efficere. See Effect, n.] Possessing the quality of being effective; productive of, or powerful to produce, the effect intended; as, an efficacious law. Syn. -- See Effectual. -- Ef`fi*ca"cious*ly, adv. -- Ef`fi*ca"cious*ness, n. Efficacity Ef`fi*cac"i*ty (?), n. [L. efficacitas: cf. F. efficacit\'82.] Efficacy. [R.] J. Fryth. Efficacy Ef"fi*ca*cy (?), n. [L. efficacia, fr. efficax. See Efficacious.] Power to produce effects; operation or energy of an agent or force; production of the effect intended; as, the efficacy of medicine in counteracting disease; the efficacy of prayer. "Of noxious efficacy." Milton. Syn. -- Virtue; force; energy; potency; efficiency. Efficience, Efficiency Ef*fi"cience (?), Ef*fi"cien*cy (?), n. [L. efficientia.] 1. The quality of being efficient or producing an effect or effects; efficient power; effectual agency. The manner of this divine efficiency being far above us. Hooker. 2. (Mech.) The ratio of useful work to energy expended. Rankine. Efficiency of a heat engine, the ratio of the work done an engine, to the work due to the heat supplied to it. Efficient Ef*fi"cient (?), a. [L. efficiens, -entis, p. pr. of efficere to effect: cf. F. efficient. See Effect, n.] Causing effects; producing results; that makes the effect to be what it is; actively operative; not inactive, slack, or incapable; characterized by energetic and useful activity; as, an efficient officer, power. The efficient cause is the working cause. Wilson. Syn. -- Effective; effectual; competent; able; capable; material; potent. _________________________________________________________________ Page 473 Efficient Ef*fi"cient (?), n. An efficient cause; a prime mover. God . . . moveth mere natural agents as an efficient only. Hooker. Efficiently Ef*fi"cient*ly, adv. With effect; effectively. Effierce Ef*fierce" (?), v. t. [Pref. ex- (intens.) + fierce.] To make fierce. [Obs.] Spenser. Effigial Ef*fig"i*al (?), a. Relating to an effigy. Effigiate Ef*fig"i*ate (?), v. t. [L. effigiatus, p. p. of effigiare to form, fr. effigies. See Effigy.] To form as an effigy; hence, to fashion; to adapt. [He must] effigiate and conform himself to those circumstances. Jer. Taylor. Effigiation Ef*fig`i*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. LL. effigiatio.] The act of forming in resemblance; an effigy. Fuller. Effigies Ef*fig"i*es (?), n. [L.] See Effigy. Dryden. Effigy Ef"fi*gy (?), n.; pl. Effigies (#). [L. effigies, fr. effingere to form, fashion; ex + fingere to form, shape, devise. See Feign.] The image, likeness, or representation of a person, whether a full figure, or a part; an imitative figure; -- commonly applied to sculptured likenesses, as those on monuments, or to those of the heads of princes on coins and medals, sometimes applied to portraits. To burn, OR To hang, in effigy, to burn or to hang an image or picture of a person, as a token of public odium. Efflagitate Ef*flag"i*tate (?), v. t. [L. efflagitatus, p. p. of efflagitare.] To ask urgently. [Obs.] Cockeram. Efflate Ef*flate" (?), v. t. [L. efflatus, p. p. of efflare to blow or breathe out; ex + flare to blow.] To fill with breath; to puff up. Sir T. Herbert. Efflation Ef*fla"tion (?), n. The act of filling with wind; a breathing or puffing out; a puff, as of wind. A soft efflation of celestial fire. Parnell. Effloresce Ef`flo*resce" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Effloresced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Efflorescing (?).] [L. efflorescere to bloom, blossom; ex + florescere to begin to blossom, incho., fr. florere to blossom, fr. flos a flower. See Flower.] 1. To blossom forth. Carlyle. 2. (Chem.) To change on the surface, or throughout, to a whitish, mealy, or crystalline powder, from a gradual decomposition, esp. from the loss of water, on simple exposure to the air; as, Glauber's salts, and many others, effloresce. 3. To become covered with a whitish crust or light crystallization, from a slow chemical change between some of the ingredients of the matter covered and an acid proceeding commonly from an external source; as, the walls of limestone caverns sometimes effloresce with nitrate of calcium in consequence of the action in consequence of nitric acid formed in the atmosphere. Efflorescence Ef`flo*res"cence (?), n. [F. efflorescence.] 1. (Bot.) Flowering, or state of flowering; the blooming of flowers; blowth. 2. (Med.) A redness of the skin; eruption, as in rash, measles, smallpox, scarlatina, etc. 3. (Chem.) (a) The formation of the whitish powder or crust on the surface of efflorescing bodies, as salts, etc. (b) The powder or crust thus formed. Efflorescency Ef`flo*res"cen*cy (?), n. The state or quality of being efflorescent; efflorescence. Efflorescent Ef`flo*res"cent (?), a. [F. efflorescent, L. efflorescens, -entis, blooming, p. pr. of efflorescere. See Effloresce, v. i.] 1. That effloresces, or is liable to effloresce on exposure; as, an efflorescent salt. 2. Covered with an efflorescence. Efflower Ef*flow"er (?), v. t. [Cf. F. effleurer.] (Leather Making) To remove the epidermis of (a skin) with a concave knife, blunt in its middle part, -- as in making chamois leather. Effluence Ef"flu*ence (?), n. [Cf. F. effluence.] 1. A flowing out, or emanation. 2. That which flows or issues from any body or substance; issue; efflux. Bright effluence of bright essence increate! Milton. And, as if the gloom of the earth and sky had been but the effluence of these two mortal hearts, it vanished with their sorrow. Hawthorne. Effluency Ef"flu*en*cy (?), n. Effluence. Effluent Ef"flu*ent (?), a. [L. effluens, -entis, p. pr. of effluere to flow out; ex + fluere to flow: cf. F. effluent. See Fluent.] Flowing out; as, effluent beams. Parnell. Effluent Ef"flu*ent, n. (Geog.) A stream that flows out of another stream or lake. Effluviable Ef*flu"vi*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being given off as an effluvium. "Effluviable matter." Boyle. Effluvial Ef*flu"vi*al (?), a. Belonging to effluvia. Effluviate Ef*flu"vi*ate (?), v. i. To give forth effluvium. [R.] "An effluviating power." Boyle. Effluvium Ef*flu"vi*um (?), n.; pl. Effluvia (#). [L., a flowing out, fr. effluere to flow out. See Effluent, a.] Subtile or invisible emanation; exhalation perceived by the sense of smell; especially, noisome or noxious exhalation; as, the effluvium from diseased or putrefying bodies, or from ill drainage. Efflux Ef"flux (?), n. [See Effluent, Flux.] 1. The act or process of flowing out, or issuing forth; effusion; outflow; as, the efflux of matter from an ulcer; the efflux of men's piety. It is then that the devout affections . . . are incessantly in efflux. I. Taylor. 2. That which flows out; emanation; effluence. Prime cheerer, light! . . . Efflux divine. Thomson. Efflux Ef*flux" (?), v. i. To run out; to flow forth; to pass away. [Obs.] Boyle. Effluxion Ef*flux"ion (?), n. [From Efflux.] 1. The act of flowing out; effusion. 2. That which flows out; effluvium; emanation. Some light effluxions from spirit to spirit. Bacon. Effodient Ef*fo"di*ent (?), a. [L. effodiens, p. pr. of effodere to dig out; ex + fodere to dig.] Digging up. Efforce Ef*force (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Efforced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Efforcing (?).] [OF. esforcier (F. s'efforcer to exert one's self), LL. exforciare; L. ex + fortis strong. See Force.] To force; to constrain; to compel to yield. [Obs.] Spenser. Efform Ef*form" (?), v. t. [Pref. ex- + form.] To form; to shape. [Obs.] Efforming their words within their lips. Jer. Taylor. Efformation Ef`for*ma"tion (?), n. The act of giving shape or form. [Obs.] Ray. Effort Ef"fort (?), n. [F. effort, OF. esfort, for esfors, esforz, fr. esforcier. See Efforce.] 1. An exertion of strength or power, whether physical or mental, in performing an act or aiming at an object; more or less strenuous endeavor; struggle directed to the accomplishment of an object; as, an effort to scale a wall. We prize the stronger effort of his power. Pope. 2. (Mech.) A force acting on a body in the direction of its motion. Rankine. Syn. -- Endeavor; exertion; struggle; strain; straining; attempt; trial; essay. See Attempt. Effort Ef"fort, v. t. To stimulate. [Obs.] "He efforted his spirits." Fuller. Effortless Ef"fort*less, a. Making no effort. Southey. Effossion Ef*fos"sion (?), n. [L. effossio. See Effodient.] A digging out or up. [R.] "The effossion of coins." Arbuthnot. Effranchise Ef*fran"chise (?), v. t. [Pref. ex- + franchise: cf. OF. esfranchir.] To enfranchise. Effray Ef*fray" (?), v. t. [F. effrayer. See Affray.] To frighten; to scare. [Obs.] Spenser. Effrayable Ef*fray"a*ble (?), a. Frightful. [Obs.] Harvey. Effrenation Ef`fre*na"tion (?), n. [L. effrenatio, fr. effrenare to unbridle; ex + frenum a bridle.] Unbridled license; unruliness. [Obs.] Cockeram. Effront Ef*front" (?), v. t. To give assurance to. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Effrontery Ef*front"er*y (?), n.; pl. Effronteries (#). [F. effronterie, fr. effront\'82 shameless, fr. L. effrons, -ontis, putting forth the forehead, i. e., barefaced, shameless; ex + frons the forehead. See Front.] Impudence or boldness in confronting or in transgressing the bounds of duty or decorum; insulting presumptuousness; shameless boldness; barefaced assurance. Corruption lost nothing of its effrontery. Bancroft. Syn. -- Impudence; sauciness. See Impudence. Effrontit Ef*front"it (?), a. [F. effront\'82.] Marked by impudence. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. Effrontuously Ef*fron"tu*ous*ly (?; 135), adv. Impudently. [Obs.] R. North. Effulge Ef*fulge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effulged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Effulging (?).] [L. effulgere to shine forth; ex + fulgere to flash, shine. See Fulgent.] To cause to shine with abundance of light; to radiate; to beam. [R.] His eyes effulging a peculiar fire. Thomson. Effulge Ef*fulge", v. i. To shine forth; to beam. Effulgence Ef*ful"gence (?), n. The state of being effulgent; extreme brilliancy; a flood of light; great luster or brightness; splendor. The effulgence of his glory abides. Milton. The bright and the balmy effulgence of morn. Beattie. Effulgent Ef*ful"gent (?), a. [L. effulgens, -entis, p. pr. of effulgere.] Diffusing a flood of light; shining; luminous; beaming; bright; splendid. "Effulgent rays of light." Cowper. Effulgently Ef*ful"gent*ly, adv. In an effulgent manner. Effumability Ef*fu`ma*bil"i*ty (?), n. The capability of flying off in fumes or vapor. [Obs.] Boyle. Effume Ef*fume" (?), v. t. [L. effumare to emit smoke; ex + fumare to smoke, fr. fumus smoke.] To breathe or puff out. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Effund Ef*fund" (?), v. t. [L. effundere. See Effuse.] To pour out. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. Effuse Ef*fuse" (?), a. [L. effusus, p. p. of effundere to pour out; ex + fundere to pour. See Fuse to melt.] 1. Poured out freely; profuse. [Obs.] So should our joy be very effuse. Barrow. 2. Disposed to pour out freely; prodigal. [Obs.] Young. 3. (Bot.) Spreading loosely, especially on one side; as, an effuse inflorescence. Loudon. 4. (Zo\'94l.) Having the lips, or edges, of the aperture abruptly spreading; -- said of certain shells. Effuse Ef*fuse", n. Effusion; loss. "Much effuse of blood." Shak. Effuse Ef*fuse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Effused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Effusing.] To pour out like a stream or freely; to cause to exude; to shed. [R.] With gushing blood effused. Milton. Effuse Ef*fuse", v. i. To emanate; to issue. Thomson. Effusion Ef*fu"sion (?), n. [L. effusio: cf. F. effusion.] 1. The act of pouring out; as, effusion of water, of blood, of grace, of words, and the like. To save the effusion of my people's blood. Dryden. 2. That which is poured out, literally or figuratively. Wash me with that precious effusion, and I shall be whiter than sow. Eikon Basilike. The light effusions of a heedless boy. Byron. 3. (Pathol.) (a) The escape of a fluid out of its natural vessel, either by rupture of the vessel, or by exudation through its walls. It may pass into the substance of an organ, or issue upon a free surface. (b) The liquid escaping or exuded. Effusive Ef*fu"sive (?), a. Pouring out; pouring forth freely. "Washed with the effusive wave." Pope. Effusive rocks (Geol.), volcanic rocks, in distinction from so-called intrusive, or plutonic, rocks. -- Ef*fu"sive*ly, adv. -- Ef*fu"sive*ness, n. Efreet Ef"reet (?), n. See Afrit. Eft Eft (?), n. [AS. efete lizard. See Newt.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A European lizard of the genus Seps. (b) A salamander, esp. the European smooth newt (Triton punctatus). Eft Eft, adv. [AS. eft, \'91ft, again, back, afterward. See Aft, After.] Again; afterwards; soon; quickly. [Obs.] I wold never eft comen into the snare. Spenser. Eftsoon, Eftsoons Eft*soon" (?), Eft*soons" (?), adv. [OE. eftsone, eftsones; AS. eft + s soon. See Eft, and Soon.] Again; anew; a second time; at once; speedily. [Archaic] And, if he fall from his capel [horse] eftsone. Chaucer. The champion stout eftsoons dismounted. Spenser. Egad E*gad" (?), interj. [Euphemistic corruption of the oath, "by God."] An exclamation expressing exultation or surprise, etc. Egal E"gal (?), a. [F. \'82gal. See Equal.] Equal; impartial. [Obs.] Shak. Egality E*gal"i*ty (?), n. [OE. egalite, F. \'82galit\'82.] Equality. Chaucer. Tennyson. Egean E*ge"an (?), a. See \'92gean. Egence E"gence (?), n. [L. egens, -entis, p. pr. of egere to be needy, suffer want.] The state of needing, or of suffering a natural want. [R.] J. Grote. Eger, Egre E"ger (?), E"gre, a. [See Eager.] Sharp; bitter; acid; sour. [Obs.] The egre words of thy friend. Chaucer. Eger E"ger, n. An impetuous flood; a bore. See Eagre. Egerminate E*ger"mi*nate (?), v. i. [From L. egerminare to sprout.] To germinate. [Obs.] Egest E*gest" (?), v. t. [L. egestus, p. p. of egerere to carry out, to discharge; e out + gerere to carry.] (Physiol.) To cast or throw out; to void, as excrement; to excrete, as the indigestible matter of the food; in an extended sense, to excrete by the lungs, skin, or kidneys. Egesta E*ges"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., neut. pl. from p. p. of L. egere. See Egest.] (Physiol.) That which is egested or thrown off from the body by the various excretory channels; excrements; -- opposed to ingesta. Egestion E*ges"tion (?), n. [L. egestio.] Act or process of egesting; a voiding. Sir M. Hale. Egg Egg (?), n. [OE., fr. Icel. egg; akin to AS. \'91g (whence OE. ey), Sw. \'84gg, Dan. \'91g, G. & D. ei, and prob. to OSlav. aje, jaje, L. ovum, Gr. ugh, Gael. ubh, and perh. to L. avis bird. Cf. Oval.] 1. (Popularly) The oval or roundish body laid by domestic poultry and other birds, tortoises, etc. It consists of a yolk, usually surrounded by the "white" or albumen, and inclosed in a shell or strong membrane. 2. (Biol.) A simple cell, from the development of which the young of animals are formed; ovum; germ cell. 3. Anything resembling an egg in form. NOTE: &hand; Eg g is us ed ad jectively, or as the first part of self-explaining compounds; as, egg beater or egg-beater, egg case, egg ladle, egg-shaped, etc. Egg and anchor (Arch.), an egg-shaped ornament, alternating with another in the form of a dart, used to enrich the ovolo; -- called also egg and dart, and egg and tongue. See Anchor, n., 5. Ogilvie. -- Egg cleavage (Biol.), a process of cleavage or segmentation, by which the egg undergoes endogenous division with formation of a mass of nearly similar cells, from the growth and differentiation of which the new organism is ultimately formed. See Segmentation of the ovum, under Segmentation. -- Egg development (Biol.), the process of the development of an egg, by which the embryo is formed. -- Egg mite (Zo\'94l.), any mite which devours the eggs of insects, as Nothrus ovivorus, which destroys those of the canker worm. -- Egg parasite (Zo\'94l.), any small hymenopterous insect, which, in the larval stage, lives within the eggs of other insects. Many genera and species are known. Egg Egg, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Egged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Egging (?).] [OE. eggen, Icel. eggja, fr. egg edge. Edge.] To urge on; to instigate; to incite Adam and Eve he egged to ill. Piers Plowman. [She] did egg him on to tell How fair she was. Warner. Eggar Eg"gar (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) Any bombycid moth of the genera Eriogaster and Lasiocampa; as, the oak eggar (L. roboris) of Europe. Egg-bird Egg"-bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A species of tern, esp. the sooty tern (Sterna fuliginosa) of the West Indies. In the Bahama Islands the name is applied to the tropic bird, Pha\'89thon flavirostris. Egg-cup Egg"-cup` (?), n. A cup used for holding an egg, at table. Eggement Eg"ge*ment (?), n. [Egg, v. t. + -ment.] Instigation; incitement. [Obs.] Chaucer. Egger Egg"er (?), n. [See Egg, n.] One who gathers eggs; an eggler. Egger Egg"er, n. [See Egg, v. t.] One who eggs or incites. Eggery Egg"er*y (?), n. A place where eggs are deposited (as by sea birds) or kept; a nest of eggs. [R.] Egg-glass Egg"-glass` (?), n. A small sandglass, running about three minutes, for marking time in boiling eggs; also, a small glass for holding an egg, at table. Egghot Egg"hot` (?), n. A kind of posset made of eggs, brandy, sugar, and ale. Lamb. Eggler Egg"ler (?), n. One who gathers, or deals in, eggs. Eggnog Egg`nog" (?), n. A drink consisting of eggs beaten up with sugar, milk, and (usually) wine or spirits. Eggplant Egg"plant` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Solanum Melongena), of East Indian origin, allied to the tomato, and bearing a large, smooth, edible fruit, shaped somewhat like an egg; mad-apple. _________________________________________________________________ Page 474 Egg-shaped Egg"-shaped` (?), a. Resembling an egg in form; ovoid. Eggshell Egg"shell` (?), n. 1. The shell or exterior covering of an egg. Also used figuratively for anything resembling an eggshell. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A smooth, white, marine, gastropod shell of the genus Ovulum, resembling an egg in form. Egg squash Egg" squash` (?). A variety of squash with small egg-shaped fruit. Eghen E"ghen (?), n. pl. Eyes. [Obs.] Chaucer. Egilopical Eg`i*lop"ic*al (?), a. [See \'92gilops.] (Med.) Pertaining to, of the nature of, or affected with, an \'91gilops, or tumor in the corner of the eye. Egilops Eg"i*lops (?), n. See \'92gilops. Eglandulose; 135, Eglandulous E*glan"du*lose` (?; 135), E*glan"du*lous (?), a. [Pref. e- + glandulose, glandulosus.] Destitute of glands. Eglantine Eg"lan*tine (?), n. [F. \'82glantine, fr. OF. aiglent brier, hip tree, fr. (assumed) LL. acuculentus, fr. a dim. of L. acus needle; cf. F. aiguille needle. Cf. Aglet.] (Bot.) (a) A species of rose (Rosa Eglanteria), with fragrant foliage and flowers of various colors. (b) The sweetbrier (R. rubiginosa). NOTE: &hand; Mi lton, in the following lines, has applied the name to some twinning plant, perhaps the honeysuckle. Through the sweetbrier, or the vine, Or the twisted eglantine. L'Allegro, 47. "In our early writers and in Gerarde and the herbalists, it was a shrub with white flowers." Dr. Prior. Eglatere Eg"la*tere (?), n. Eglantine. [Obs. or R.] [Written also eglantere.] Tennyson. Egling Eg"ling (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) The European perch when two years old. [Prov. Eng.] Eglomerate E*glom"er*ate (?), v. t. [Pref. e- + glomerate.] To unwind, as a thread from a ball. [R.] Ego E"go (?), n. [L., I.] (Met.) The conscious and permanent subject of all psychical experiences, whether held to be directly known or the product of reflective thought; -- opposed to non-ego. Egoical E*go"i*cal (?), a. Pertaining to egoism. [R.] Egoism E"go*ism (?), n. [F. \'82go\'8bsme, fr. L. -ego I. See I, and cf. Egotism.] 1. (Philos.) The doctrine of certain extreme adherents or disciples of Descartes and Johann Gottlieb Fichte, which finds all the elements of knowledge in the ego and the relations which it implies or provides for. 2. Excessive love and thought of self; the habit of regarding one's self as the center of every interest; selfishness; -- opposed to altruism. Egoist E"go*ist, n. [F. \'82go\'8bste. See Egoism.] 1. One given overmuch to egoism or thoughts of self. I, dullard egoist, taking no special recognition of such nobleness. Carlyle. 2. (Philos.) A believer in egoism. Egoistic, Egoistical E`go*is"tic (?), E`go*is"tic*al (?), a. Pertaining to egoism; imbued with egoism or excessive thoughts of self; self-loving. Ill-natured feeling, or egoistic pleasure in making men miserable. G. Eliot. Egoistically E`go*is"tic*al*ly, adv. In an egoistic manner. Egoity E*go"i*ty (?), n. Personality. [R.] Swift. Egomism E"go*mism (?), n. Egoism. [R.] A. Baxter. Egophonic E`go*phon"ic (?), a. Belonging to, or resembling, egophony. Egophony E*goph"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) The sound of a patient's voice so modified as to resemble the bleating of a goat, heard on applying the ear to the chest in certain diseases within its cavity, as in pleurisy with effusion. Egotheism E"go*the`ism (?), n. [Gr. The deification of self. [R.] Egotism E"go*tism (?; 277), n. [L. ego I + ending -tism for -ism, prob. influenced by other English words in -tism fr. the Greek, where t is not part of the ending, as baptism. See Egoism.] The practice of too frequently using the word I; hence, a speaking or writing overmuch of one's self; self-exaltation; self-praise; the act or practice of magnifying one's self or parading one's own doings. The word is also used in the sense of egoism. His excessive egotism, which filled all objects with himself. Hazlitt. Syn. -- Egotism, Self-conceit, Vanity, Egoism. Self-conceit is an overweening opinion of one's talents, capacity, attractions, etc.; egotism is the acting out of self-conceit, or self-importance, in words and exterior conduct; vanity is inflation of mind arising from the idea of being thought highly of by others. It shows itself by its eagerness to catch the notice of others. Egoism is a state in which the feelings are concentrated on one's self. Its expression is egotism. Egotist E"go*tist (?), n. [L. ego I + ending -tist for -ist. See Egotism, and cf. Egoist.] One addicted to egotism; one who speaks much of himself or magnifies his own achievements or affairs. Egotistic, Egotistical E`go*tis"tic (?), E`go*tis"tic*al (?), a. Addicted to, or manifesting, egotism. Syn. -- Conceited; vain; self-important; opinionated. Egotistically E`go*tis"tic*al*ly, adv. With egotism. Egotize E"go*tize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Egotized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Egotizing (?).] [See Egotism.] To talk or write as an egotist. Cowper. Egranulose E*gran"u*lose` (?), a. [Pref. e- + granule.] (Bot.) Having no granules, as chlorophyll in certain conditions. R. Brown. Egre E"gre (?), a. & n. See Eager, and Eagre. [Obs.] Egregious E*gre"gious (?; 277), a. [L. egregius; lit., separated or chosen from the herd, i. e., distinguished, excellent; e out + grex, gregis, herd. See Gregarious.] Surpassing; extraordinary; distinguished (in a bad sense); -- formerly used with words importing a good quality, but now joined with words having a bad sense; as, an egregious rascal; an egregious ass; an egregious mistake. The egregious impudence of this fellow. Bp. Hall. His [Wyclif's] egregious labors are not to be neglected. Milton. Egregiously E*gre"gious*ly (?), adv. Greatly; enormously; shamefully; as, egregiously cheated. Egregiousness E*gre"gious*ness (?; 277), n. The state of being egregious. Egremoin Eg"re*moin (?), n. [See Agrimony.] Agrimony (Agrimonia Eupatoria). [Obs.] Chaucer. Egress E"gress (?), n. [L. egressus, fr. egredi to go out; e out + gradi to go. See Grade.] 1. The act of going out or leaving, or the power to leave; departure. Embarred from all egress and regress. Holland. Gates of burning adamant, Barred over us, prohibit all egress. Milton. 2. (Astron.) The passing off from the sun's disk of an inferior planet, in a transit. Egress E*gress" (?), v. i. To go out; to depart; to leave. Egression E*gres"sion (?), n. [L. egressio.] The act of going; egress. [R.] B. Jonson. Egressor E*gress"or (?), n. One who goes out. [R.] Egret E"gret (?), n. [See Aigret, Heron.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) The name of several species of herons which bear plumes on the back. They are generally white. Among the best known species are the American egret (Ardea, OR Herodias, egretta); the great egret (A. alba); the little egret (A. garzetta), of Europe; and the American snowy egret (A. candidissima). A bunch of egrets killed for their plumage. G. W. Cable. 2. A plume or tuft of feathers worn as a part of a headdress, or anything imitating such an ornament; an aigrette. 3. (Bot.) The flying feathery or hairy crown of seeds or achenes, as the down of the thistle. 4. (Zo\'94l.) A kind of ape. Egrette E*grette" (?), n. [See Aigrette.] Same as Egret, n., 2. Egrimony Eg"ri*mo*ny (?), [Corrupted fr. agrimony.] (Bot.) The herb agrimony. [Obs.] Egrimony Eg"ri*mo*ny, n. [L. aegrimonia.] Sorrow. [Obs.] Egriot E"gri*ot (?), n. [F. aigrette, griotte, formerly agriote; cf. aigre sour.] A kind of sour cherry. Bacon. Egritude E"gri*tude (?), n. [L. aegritudo, fr. aeger sick.] Sickness; ailment; sorrow. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot. Egyptian E*gyp"tian (?), a. [L. Aegyptius, Gr. Aegyptus) Egypt: cf. F. \'82gyptien. Cf. Gypsy.] Pertaining to Egypt, in Africa. Egyptian bean. (Bot.) (a) The beanlike fruit of an aquatic plant (Nelumbium speciosum), somewhat resembling the water lily. (b) See under Bean, 1. -- Egyptian cross. See Illust. (No. 6) of Cross. -- Egyptian thorn (Bot.), a medium-sized tree (Acacia vera). It is one of the chief sources of the best gum arabic. Egyptian E*gyp"tian, n. 1. A native, or one of the people, of Egypt; also, the Egyptian language. 2. A gypsy. [Obs.] Shak. Egyptize E"gypt*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Egyptized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Egyptizing (?).] To give an Egyptian character or appearance to. Fairbairn. Egyptologer, Egyptologist E`gyp*tol"o*ger (?), E`gyp*tol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in the antiquities of Egypt; a student of Egyptology. Egyptological E*gyp`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or devoted to, Egyptology. Egyptology E`gyp*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Egypt + -logy.] The science or study of Egyptian antiquities, esp. the hieroglyphics. Eh Eh (?), interj. [OE. ei, ey.] An expression of inquiry or slight surprise. Ehlite Eh"lite (?), n. [From Ehl near Linz, where it occurs.] (Min.) A mineral of a green color and pearly luster; a hydrous phosphate of copper. Eider Ei"der (?), n. [Of Scand. origin, cf. Icel \'91; akin to Sw. eider, Dan. ederfugl.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of sea duck of the genus Somateria, esp. Somateria mollissima, which breeds in the northern parts of Europe and America, and lines its nest with fine down (taken from its own body) which is an article of commerce; -- called also eider duck. The American eider (S. Dresseri), the king eider (S. spectabilis), and the spectacled eider (Arctonetta Fischeri) are related species. Eider down. [Cf. Icel. \'91\'ebard\'d4n, Sw. eiderd\'d4n, Dan. ederduun.] Down of the eider duck, much sought after as an article of luxury. Eidograph Ei"do*graph (?), n. [Gr. graph.] An instrument for copying drawings on the same or a different scale; a form of the pantograph. Eidolon Ei*do"lon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Idol.] An image or representation; a form; a phantom; an apparition. Sir W. Scott. Eigh Eigh (?), interj. An exclamation expressing delight. Eight Eight (?), n. [See Ait.] An island in a river; an ait. [Obs.] "Osiers on their eights." Evelyn. Eight Eight, a. [AS. eahta; akin to OS. ahto, OFries. achta, D. & G. acht, OHG. ahto, Icel. \'betta, Sw. \'86tta, Dan. otte, Goth. ahtau, Lith. aszt, Ir. & Gael. ochd, W. wyth, Armor. eich, eiz, L. octo, Gr. ash. Octave.] Seven and one; as, eight years. Eight Eight (?), n. 1. The number greater by a unit than seven; eight units or objects. 2. A symbol representing eight units, as 8 or viii. Eighteen Eight"een` (?), a. [AS. eahtat, eahtat. See Eight, and Ten, and cf. Eighty.] Eight and ten; as, eighteen pounds. Eighteen Eight"een`, n. 1. The number greater by a unit than seventeen; eighteen units or objects. 2. A symbol denoting eighteen units, as 18 or xviii. Eighteenmo Eight`een"mo (?), a. & n. See Octodecimo. Eighteenth Eight"eenth` (?), a. [From Eighteen.] 1. Next in order after the seventeenth. 2. Consisting of one of eighteen equal parts or divisions of a thing. Eighteenth Eight"eenth`, n. 1. The quotient of a unit divided by eighteen; one of eighteen equal parts or divisions. 2. The eighth after the tenth. Eightetethe Eight"e*teth`e (?), a. [OE., fr. AS. eahtate\'a2; eahta eight + te\'a2 tenth. Cf. Eighteenth, Tenth.] Eighteenth. [Obs.] Eightfold Eight"fold` (?), a. Eight times a quantity. Eighth Eighth (?), a. [AS. eahto.] 1. Next in order after the seventh. 2. Consisting of one of eight equal divisions of a thing. Eighth note (Mus.), the eighth part of a whole note, or semibreve; a quaver. Eighth Eighth, n. 1. The quotient of a unit divided by eight; one of eight equal parts; an eighth part. 2. (Mus.) The interval of an octave. Eighthly Eighth"ly, adv. As the eighth in order. Eightieth Eight"i*eth (?), a. [From Eighty.] 1. The next in order after seventy-ninth. 2. Consisting of one of eighty equal parts or divisions. Eightieth Eight"i*eth, n. The quotient of a unit divided by eighty; one of eighty equal parts. Eightling Eight"ling (?), n. [Eight + -ling.] (Crystallog.) A compound or twin crystal made up of eight individuals. Eightscore Eight"score` (?), a. & n. Eight times twenty; a hundred and sixty. Eighty Eight"y (?), a. [AS. eahtatig, where the ending -tig is akin to English ten; cf. G. achtzig. See Eight, and Ten.] Eight times ten; fourscore. Eighty Eight"y, n. 1. The sum of eight times ten; eighty units or objects. 2. A symbol representing eighty units, or ten eight times repeated, as 80 or lxxx. Eigne Eigne (?), a. [OF. aisn\'82, ainsn\'82, F. a\'8cn\'82, fr. L. ante natus born before. Cf. Esnecy.] 1. (Law) Eldest; firstborn. Blackstone. 2. Entailed; belonging to the eldest son. [Obs.] Bastard eigne, a bastard eldest son whose parents afterwards intermarry. Eiking Eik"ing (?), n. (Naut.) See Eking. Eikon Ei"kon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. An image or effigy; -- used rather in an abstract sense, and rarely for a work of art. Eikosane Ei"ko*sane (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A solid hydrocarbon, C20H42, of the paraffine series, of artificial production, and also probably occurring in petroleum. Eikosylene Ei*kos"y*lene (?), n. [Gr. ylene.] (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon, C20H38, of the acetylene series, obtained from brown coal. Eild Eild (?), n. [See Eld.] Age. [Obs.] Fairfax. Eire Eire (?), n. Air. [Obs.] Chaucer. Eirenarch Ei`re*narch (?), n. [See Irenarch.] (Gr. Antiq.) A justice of the peace; irenarch. Eirenic Ei*ren"ic (?), a. Pacific. See Irenic. Eirie Ei"rie (?), n. See Aerie, and Eyrie. Eisel Ei"sel (?), n. [OF. aisil, aissil, fr. L. acet. Cf. Acetic.] Vinegar; verjuice. [Obs.] Sir T. More. Eisteddfod Eis*tedd"fod (?), n. [W., session, fr. eistedd to sit.] Am assembly or session of the Welsh bards; an annual congress of bards, minstrels and literati of Wales, -- being a patriotic revival of the old custom. Either Ei"ther (?; 277), a. & pron. [OE. either, aither, AS. , (akin to OHG. , MHG. iegeweder); \'be + ge + hw\'91 whether. See Each, and Whether, and cf. Or, conj.] 1. One of two; the one or the other; -- properly used of two things, but sometimes of a larger number, for any one. Lepidus flatters both, Of both is flattered; but he neither loves, Nor either cares for him. Shak. Scarce a palm of ground could be gotten by either of the three. Bacon. There have been three talkers in Great British, either of whom would illustrate what I say about dogmatists. Holmes. 2. Each of two; the one and the other; both; -- formerly, also, each of any number. His flowing hair In curls on either cheek played. Milton. On either side . . . was there the tree of life. Rev. xxii. 2. The extreme right and left of either army never engaged. Jowett (Thucyd). Either Ei"ther, conj. Either precedes two, or more, co\'94rdinate words or phrases, and is introductory to an alternative. It is correlative to or. Either he is talking, or he is pursuing, or he is in a journey, or peradventure he sleepeth. 1 Kings xviii. 27. Few writers hesitate to use either in what is called a triple alternative; such as, We must either stay where we are, proceed, or recede. Latham. NOTE: &hand; Ei ther wa s fo rmerly so metimes us ed wi thout an y correlation, and where we should now use or. Can the fig tree, my brethren, bear olive berries? either a vine, figs?? James iii. 12. Ejaculate E*jac"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ejaculated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ejaculating.] [L. ejaculatus, p. p. of ejaculari to throw out; e out + ejaculari to throw, fr. jaculum javelin, dart, fr. jacere to throw. See Eject.] 1. To throw out suddenly and swiftly, as if a dart; to dart; to eject. [Archaic or Technical] Its active rays ejaculated thence. Blackmore. _________________________________________________________________ Page 475 2. To throw out, as an exclamation; to utter by a brief and sudden impulse; as, to ejaculate a prayer. Ejaculate E*jac"u*late (?), v. i. To utter ejaculations; to make short and hasty exclamations. [R.] "Ejaculating to himself." Sir W. Scott. Ejaculation E*jac`u*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82jaculation.] 1. The act of throwing or darting out with a sudden force and rapid flight. [Archaic or Technical] "An ejaculation or irradiation of the eye." Bacon. 2. The uttering of a short, sudden exclamation or prayer, or the exclamation or prayer uttered. In your dressing, let there be jaculations fitted to the several actions of dressing. Jer. Taylor. 3. (Physiol.) The act of ejecting or suddenly throwing, as a fluid from a duct. Ejaculator E*jac"u*la`tor (?), n. [NL. See Ejaculate.] (Anat.) A muscle which helps ejaculation. Ejaculatory E*jac"u*la*to*ry (?), a. 1. Casting or throwing out; fitted to eject; as, ejaculatory vessels. 2. Suddenly darted out; uttered in short sentences; as, an ejaculatory prayer or petition. 3. Sudden; hasty. [Obs.] "Ejaculatory repentances, that take us by fits and starts." L'Estrange. Eject E*ject" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ejected; p. pr. & vb. n. Ejecting.] [L. ejectus, p. p. of ejicere; e out + jacere to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.] 1. To expel; to dismiss; to cast forth; to thrust or drive out; to discharge; as, to eject a person from a room; to eject a traitor from the country; to eject words from the language. "Eyes ejecting flame." H. Brooke. 2. (Law) To cast out; to evict; to dispossess; as, to eject tenants from an estate. Syn. -- To expel; banish; drive out; discharge; oust; evict; dislodge; extrude; void. Ejection E*jec"tion (?), n. [L. ejectio: cf. F. \'82jection.] 1. The act of ejecting or casting out; discharge; expulsion; evacuation. "Vast ejection of ashes." Eustace. "The ejection of a word." Johnson. 2. (Physiol.) The act or process of discharging anything from the body, particularly the excretions. 3. The state of being ejected or cast out; dispossession; banishment. Ejectment E*ject"ment (?), n. 1. A casting out; a dispossession; an expulsion; ejection; as, the ejectment of tenants from their homes. 2. (Law) A species of mixed action, which lies for the recovery of possession of real property, and damages and costs for the wrongful withholding of it. Wharton. Ejector E*ject"or (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, ejects or dispossesses. 2. (Mech.) A jet jump for lifting water or withdrawing air from a space. Ejector condenser (Steam Engine), a condenser in which the vacuum is maintained by a jet pump. Ejoo E"joo (?), n. [Malay \'c6j or h\'c6j.] Gomuti fiber. See Gomuti. Ejulation Ej`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. ejulatio, fr. ejulare to wail, lament.] A wailing; lamentation. [Obs.] "Ejulation in the pangs of death." Philips. Ekabor, Ekaboron Ek"a*bor` (?), Ek"a*bo"ron (?), n. [G., fr. Skr. one + G. bor, boron, E. boron.] (Chem.) The name given by Mendelejeff in accordance with the periodic law, and by prediction, to a hypothetical element then unknown, but since discovered and named scandium; -- so called because it was a missing analogue of the boron group. See Scandium. Ekaluminium Ek*al`u*min"i*um (?), n. [Skr. one + E. aluminium.] (Chem.) The name given to a hypothetical element, -- later discovered and called gallium. See Gallium, and cf. Ekabor. Ekasilicon Ek`a*sil"i*con (?), n. [Skr. one + E. silicon.] (Chem.) The name of a hypothetical element predicted and afterwards discovered and named germanium; -- so called because it was a missing analogue of the silicon group. See Germanium, and cf. Ekkabor. Eke Eke (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eking.] [AS. \'c7kan, \'dfkan; akin to OFries, \'beka, OS. , OHG. ouhh\'d3n to add, Icel. auka to increase, Sw. \'94ka, Dan. \'94ge, Goth. aukan, L. augere, Skr. strength, ugra mighty, and probably to English wax, v. i. Cf. Augment, Nickname.] To increase; to add to; to augment; -- now commonly used with out, the notion conveyed being to add to, or piece out by a laborious, inferior, or scanty addition; as, to eke out a scanty supply of one kind with some other. "To eke my pain." Spenser. He eked out by his wits an income of barely fifty pounds. Macaulay. Eke Eke, adv. [AS. e\'a0c; akin to OFries. \'a0k, OS. , D. , OHG. ouh, G. auch, Icel. auk, Sw. och and, Dan. og, Goth. auk for, but. Prob. from the preceding verb.] In addition; also; likewise. [Obs. or Archaic] 'T will be prodigious hard to prove That this is eke the throne of love. Prior. A trainband captain eke was he Of famous London town. Cowper. NOTE: &hand; Ek e se rves le ss to unite than to render prominent a subjoined more important sentence or notion. M\'84tzner. Eke Eke, n. An addition. [R.] Clumsy ekes that may well be spared. Geddes. Ekebergite Ek"e*berg`ite (?), n. [From Ekeberg, a German.] (Min.) A variety of scapolite. Ekename Eke"name` (?), n. [See Nickname.] An additional or epithet name; a nickname. [Obs.] Eking Ek"ing (?), n. [From Eke, v. t.] (Shipbuilding) (a) A lengthening or filling piece to make good a deficiency in length. (b) The carved work under the quarter piece at the aft part of the quarter gallery. [Written also eiking.] E-la E"-la` (?), n. Originally, the highest note in the scale of Guido; hence, proverbially, any extravagant saying. "Why, this is above E-la!" Beau. & Fl. Elaborate E*lab"o*rate (?), a. [L. elaboratus, p. p. of elaborare to work out; e out + laborare to labor, labor labor. See Labor.] Wrought with labor; finished with great care; studied; executed with exactness or painstaking; as, an elaborate discourse; an elaborate performance; elaborate research. Drawn to the life in each elaborate page. Waller. Syn. -- Labored; complicated; studied; perfected; high-wrought. -- E*lab"o*rate*ly, adv. -- E*lab"o*rate*ness, n. Elaborate E*lab"o*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elaborated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Elaborating (?).] 1. To produce with labor They in full joy elaborate a sigh, Young. 2. To perfect with painstaking; to improve or refine with labor and study, or by successive operations; as, to elaborate a painting or a literary work. The sap is . . . still more elaborated and exalted as it circulates through the vessels of the plant. Arbuthnot. Elaboration E*lab`o*ra"tion (?), n. [L. elaboratio: cf. F. \'82laboration.] 1. The act or process of producing or refining with labor; improvement by successive operations; refinement. 2. (Physiol.) The natural process of formation or assimilation, performed by the living organs in animals and vegetables, by which a crude substance is changed into something of a higher order; as, the elaboration of food into chyme; the elaboration of chyle, or sap, or tissues. Elaborative E*lab"o*ra*tive (?), a. Serving or tending to elaborate; constructing with labor and minute attention to details. Elaborative faculty (Metaph.), the intellectual power of discerning relations and of viewing objects by means of, or in, relations; the discursive faculty; thought. Elaborator E*lab"o*ra`tor (?), n. One who, or that which, elaborates. Elaboratory E*lab"o*ra*to*ry (?), a. Tending to elaborate. Elaboratory E*lab"o*ra*to*ry, n. A laboratory. [Obs.] El\'91agnus E`l\'91*ag"nus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of shrubs or small trees, having the foliage covered with small silvery scales; oleaster. El\'91is E*l\'91"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of palms. NOTE: &hand; El \'91is Gu ineensis, the African oil palm, is a tree twenty or thirty feet high, with immense pinnate leaves and large masses of fruit. The berries are rather larger than olives, and when boiled in water yield the orange-red palm oil. El\'91olite E*l\'91"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite.] (Min.) A variety of hephelite, usually massive, of greasy luster, and gray to reddish color. El\'91olite syenite, a kind of syenite characterized by the presence of el\'91olite. El\'91optene E`l\'91*op"tene (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) The more liquid or volatile portion of certain oily substance, as distinguished from stearoptene, the more solid parts. [Written also elaoptene.] Elaidate E*la"i*date (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of elaidic acid. Elaidic E`la*id"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. \'82la\'8bdique. See Elaine.] Relating to oleic acid, or elaine. Elaidic acid (Chem.), a fatty acid isomeric with oleic acid, and obtained from it by the action of nitrous acid. Elaidin E*la"i*din (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82la\'8bdine.] (Chem.) A solid isomeric modification of olein. Elaine, OR Elain E*la"ine (?), OR E*la"in, n. [Gr. \'82la\'8bne.] (Chem.) Same as Olein. Elaiodic E`lai*od"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Derived from castor oil; ricinoleic; as, elaiodic acid. [R.] Elaiometer E`lai*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Chem.) An apparatus for determining the amount of oil contained in any substance, or for ascertaining the degree of purity of oil. Elamite E"lam*ite (?), n. A dweller in Flam (or Susiana), an ancient kingdom of Southwestern Asia, afterwards a province of Persia. Elamping E*lamp"ing (?), a. [See Lamp.] Shining. [Obs.] G. Fletcher. (?), b. [F., fr. \'82lancer to dart.] Ardor inspired by passion or enthusiasm. Elance E*lance" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elanced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Elancing (?).] [F. \'82lancer, OF. eslancier; pref. es- (L. ex) + F. lancer to dart, throw, fr. lance.] To throw as a lance; to hurl; to dart. [R.] While thy unerring hand elanced . . . a dart. Prior. Eland E"land (?), n. [D. eland elk, of Slav. origin; cf. Pol. jelen stag, Russ. ol\'82ne, Lith. elnis; perh. akin to E. elk.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A species of large South African antelope (Oreas canna). It is valued both for its hide and flesh, and is rapidly disappearing in the settled districts; -- called also Cape elk. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The elk or moose. Elanet E*la"net (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A kite of the genus Elanus. Elaolite E*la"o*lite (?), n. (Min.) See El\'91olite. Elaoptene E`la*op"tene (?), n. (Chem.) See El\'91optene. Elaphine El"a*phine (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to, resembling, or characteristic of, the stag, or Cervus elaphus. Elaphure El"a*phure (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A species of deer (Elaphurus Davidianus) found in china. It about four feet high at the shoulder and has peculiar antlers. Elapidation E*lap`i*da"tion (?), n. [L. elapidatus cleared from stones; e out + lapis stone.] A clearing away of stones. [R.] Elapine El"a*pine (?), a. [See Elaps.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the Elapid\'91, a family of poisonous serpents, including the cobras. See Ophidia. Elaps E"laps (?), n. [NL., of uncertain origin.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of venomous snakes found both in America and the Old World. Many species are known. See Coral snake, under Coral. Elapse E*lapse" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Elapsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Elapsing.] [L. elapsus, p. p. of elabi to glide away; e out + labi to fall, slide. See Lapse.] To slip or glide away; to pass away silently, as time; -- used chiefly in reference to time. Eight days elapsed; at length a pilgrim came. Hoole. Elapsion E*lap"sion (?), n. The act of elapsing. [R.] Elaqueate E*la"que*ate (?), v. t. [L. elaqueatus, p. p. of elaqueare to unfetter.] To disentangle. [R.] Elasipoda El`a*sip"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of holothurians mostly found in the deep sea. They are remarkable for their bilateral symmetry and curious forms. [Written also Elasmopoda.] Elasmobranch E*las"mo*branch (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Elasmobranchii. -- n. One of the Elasmobranchii. Elasmobranchiate E*las`mo*bran"chi*ate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to Elasmobranchii. -- n. One of the Elasmobranchii. Elasmobranchii E*las`mo*bran"chi*i (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. branchia a gill.] (Zo\'94l.) A subclass of fishes, comprising the sharks, the rays, and the Chim\'91ra. The skeleton is mainly cartilaginous. Elasmosaurus E*las`mo*sau"rus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct, long-necked, marine, cretaceous reptile from Kansas, allied to Plesiosaurus. Elastic E*las"tic (?), a. [Formed fr. Gr. alacer lively, brisk, and E. alacrity: cf. F. \'82lastique.] 1. Springing back; having a power or inherent property of returning to the form from which a substance is bent, drawn, pressed, or twisted; springy; having the power of rebounding; as, a bow is elastic; the air is elastic; India rubber is elastic. Capable of being drawn out by force like a piece of elastic gum, and by its own elasticity returning, when the force is removed, to its former position. Paley. 2. Able to return quickly to a former state or condition, after being depressed or overtaxed; having power to recover easily from shocks and trials; as, elastic spirits; an elastic constitution. Elastic bitumen. (Min.) See Elaterite. -- Elastic curve. (a) (Geom.) The curve made by a thin elastic rod fixed horizontally at one end and loaded at the other. (b) (Mech.) The figure assumed by the longitudinal axis of an originally straight bar under any system of bending forces. Rankine. -- Elastic fluids, those which have the property of expanding in all directions on the removal of external pressure, as the air, steam, and other gases and vapors. -- Elastic limit (Mech.), the limit of distortion, by bending, stretching, etc., that a body can undergo and yet return to its original form when relieved from stress; also, the unit force or stress required to produce this distortion. Within the elastic limit the distortion is directly proportional to the stress producing it. -- Elastic tissue (Anat.), a variety of connective tissue consisting of a network of slender and very elastic fibers which are but slightly affected by acids or alkalies. -- Gum elastic, caoutchouc. Elastic E*las"tic, n. An elastic woven fabric, as a belt, braces or suspenders, etc., made in part of India rubber. [Colloq.] Elastical E*las"tic*al (?), a. Elastic. [R.] Bentley. Elastically E*las"tic*al*ly, adv. In an elastic manner; by an elastic power; with a spring. Elasticity E`las*tic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82lasticit\'82.] 1. The quality of being elastic; the inherent property in bodies by which they recover their former figure or dimensions, after the removal of external pressure or altering force; springiness; tendency to rebound; as, the elasticity of caoutchouc; the elasticity of the air. 2. Power of resistance to, or recovery from, depression or overwork. Coefficient of elasticity, the quotient of a stress (of a given kind), by the strain (of a given kind) which it produces; -- called also coefficient of resistance. -- Surface of elasticity (Geom.), the pedal surface of an ellipsoid (see Pedal); a surface used in explaining the phenomena of double refraction and their relation to the elastic force of the luminous ether in crystalline media. Elasticness E*las"tic*ness (?), n. The quality of being elastic; elasticity. Elastin E*las"tin (?), n. [Elastic + -in.] (Physiol. Chem.) A nitrogenous substance, somewhat resembling albumin, which forms the chemical basis of elastic tissue. It is very insoluble in most fluids, but is gradually dissolved when digested with either pepsin or trypsin. Elate E*late" (?), a. [L. elatus elevated, fig., elated, proud (the figure, perh., being borrowed from a prancing horse); e out + latus (used as p. p. of ferre to bear), for tlatus, and akin to E. tolerate. See Tolerate, and cf. Extol.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 476 1. Lifted up; raised; elevated. With upper lip elate. Fenton. And sovereign law, that State's collected will, O'er thrones and globes, elate, Sits empress, crowning good, repressing ill. Sir W. Jones. 2. Having the spirits raised by success, or by hope; flushed or exalted with confidence; elated; exultant. O, thoughtless mortals! ever blind to fate, Too soon dejected, and dejected, and too soon elate. Pope. Our nineteenth century is wonderfully set up in its own esteem, wonderfully elate at its progress. Mrs. H. H. Jackson. Syn. -- Puffed up; lofty; proud; haughty; exalted; inspirited; transported; delighted; overjoyed. Elate E*late" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elated; p. pr. & vb. n. Elating.] 1. To raise; to exalt. [R.] By the potent sun elated high. Thomson. 2. To exalt the spirit of; to fill with confidence or exultation; to elevate or flush with success; to puff up; to make proud. Foolishly elated by spiritual pride. Warburton. You ought not be elated at the chance mishaps of your enemies. Jowett (Thucyd. ). Elatedly E*lat"ed*ly (?), adv. With elation. Elatedness E*lat"ed*ness, n. The state of being elated. Elater E*lat"er (?), n. One who, or that which, elates. Elater El"a*ter (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 1. (Bot.) An elastic spiral filament for dispersing the spores, as in some liverworts. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any beetle of the family Elaterid\'91, having the habit, when laid on the back, of giving a sudden upward spring, by a quick movement of the articulation between the abdomen and thorax; -- called also click beetle, spring beetle, and snapping beetle. 3. (Zo\'94l.) The caudal spring used by Podura and related insects for leaping. See Collembola. Elater El"a*ter (?), n. (Chem.) The active principle of elaterium, being found in the juice of the wild or squirting cucumber (Ecballium agreste, formerly Motordica Elaterium) and other related species. It is extracted as a bitter, white, crystalline substance, which is a violent purgative. Elaterite El"a*ter*ite (?), n. (Min.) A mineral resin, of a blackish brown color, occurring in soft, flexible masses; -- called also mineral caoutchouc, and elastic bitumen. Elaterium El`a*te"ri*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Elater.] A cathartic substance obtained, in the form of yellowish or greenish cakes, as the dried residue of the juice of the wild or squirting cucumber (Ecballium agreste, formerly called Momordica Elaterium). Elaterometer El`a*ter*om"e*ter (?), n. Same as Elatrometer. Elatery El"a*ter*y (?), n. [See 2d Elater.] Acting force; elasticity. [Obs.] Ray. Elation E*la"tion (?), n. [L. elatio. See Elate.] A lifting up by success; exaltation; inriation with pride of prosperity. "Felt the elation of triumph." Sir W. Scott. Elative E*la"tive (?), a. (Gram.) Raised; lifted up; -- a term applied to what is also called the absolute superlative, denoting a high or intense degree of a quality, but not excluding the idea that an equal degree may exist in other cases. Elatrometer El`a*trom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the degree of rarefaction of air contained in the receiver of an air pump. [Spelt also elaterometer.] Elayl E*la"yl (?), n. [Gr. yl.] (Chem.) Olefiant gas or ethylene; -- so called by Berzelius from its forming an oil combining with chlorine. [Written also elayle.] See Ethylene. Elbow El"bow (?), n. [AS. elboga, elnboga (akin to D. elleboga, OHG. elinbogo, G. ellbogen, ellenbogen, Icel. ; prop.; arm-bend); eln ell (orig., forearm) + boga a bending. See 1st Ell, and 4th Bow.] 1. The joint or bend of the arm; the outer curve in the middle of the arm when bent. Her arms to the elbows naked. R. of Gloucester. 2. Any turn or bend like that of the elbow, in a wall, building, and the like; a sudden turn in a line of coast or course of a river; also, an angular or jointed part of any structure, as the raised arm of a chair or sofa, or a short pipe fitting, turning at an angle or bent. 3. (Arch.) A sharp angle in any surface of wainscoting or other woodwork; the upright sides which flank any paneled work, as the sides of windows, where the jamb makes an elbow with the window back. Gwilt. NOTE: &hand; Elbow is used adjectively or as part of a compound, to denote something shaped like, or acting like, an elbow; as, elbow joint; elbow tongs or elbow-tongs; elbowroom, elbow-room, or elbow room. At the elbow, very near; at hand. -- Elbow grease, energetic application of force in manual labor. [Low] -- Elbow in the hawse (Naut.), the twisting together of two cables by which a vessel rides at anchor, caused by swinging completely round once. Totten. -- Elbow scissors (Surg.), scissors bent in the blade or shank for convenience in cutting. Knight. -- Out at elbow, with coat worn through at the elbows; shabby; in needy circumstances. Elbow El"bow, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elbowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Elbowing.] To push or hit with the elbow, as when one pushes by another. They [the Dutch] would elbow our own aldermen off the Royal Exchange. Macaulay. To elbow one's way, to force one's way by pushing with the elbows; as, to elbow one's way through a crowd. Elbow El"bow (?), v. i. 1. To jut into an angle; to project or to bend after the manner of an elbow. 2. To push rudely along; to elbow one's way. "Purseproud, elbowing Insolence." Grainger. Elbowboard El"bow*board` (?), n. The base of a window casing, on which the elbows may rest. Elbowchair El"bow*chair` (?), n. A chair with arms to support the elbows; an armchair. Addison. Elbowroom El"bow*room` (?), n. Room to extend the elbows on each side; ample room for motion or action; free scope. "My soul hath elbowroom." Shak. Then came a stretch of grass and a little more elbowroom. W. G. Norris. Elcaja El*ca"ja (?), n. [Ar.] (Bot.) An Arabian tree (Trichilia emetica). The fruit, which is emetic, is sometimes employed in the composition of an ointment for the cure of the itch. Elcesaite El*ce"sa*ite (?), n. [From Elcesai, the leader of the sect.] (Eccl.) One of a sect of Asiatic Gnostics of the time of the Emperor Trajan. Eld Eld (?), a. [AS. eald.] Old. [Obs.] Chaucer. Eld Eld, n. [AS. yldu, yldo, eldo, old age, fr. ald, eald, old. See Old.] 1. Age; esp., old age. [Obs. or Archaic] As sooth is said, eelde hath great avantage. Chaucer. Great Nature, ever young, yet full of eld. Spenser. 2. Old times; former days; antiquity. [Poetic] Astrologers and men of eld. Longfellow. Eld Eld, v. i. To age; to grow old. [Obs.] Eld Eld, v. t. To make old or ancient. [Obs.] Time, that eldeth all things. Rom. of R. Elder Eld"er (?), a. [AS. yldra, compar. of eald old. See Old.] 1. Older; more aged, or existing longer. Let the elder men among us emulate their own earlier deeds. Jowett (Thucyd. ) 2. Born before another; prior in years; senior; earlier; older; as, his elder brother died in infancy; -- opposed to younger, and now commonly applied to a son, daughter, child, brother, etc. The elder shall serve the younger. Gen. xxv. 23. But ask of elder days, earth's vernal hour. Keble. Elder hand (Card Playing), the hand playing, or having the right to play, first. Hoyle. Elder Eld"er, n. [AS. ealdor an elder, prince, fr. eald old. See Old, and cf. Elder, a., Alderman.] 1. One who is older; a superior in age; a senior. 1 Tim. v. 1. 2. An aged person; one who lived at an earlier period; a predecessor. Carry your head as your elders have done. L'Estrange. 3. A person who, on account of his age, occupies the office of ruler or judge; hence, a person occupying any office appropriate to such as have the experience and dignity which age confers; as, the elders of Israel; the elders of the synagogue; the elders in the apostolic church. NOTE: &hand; In th e mo dern Presbyterian churches, elders are lay officers who, with the minister, compose the church session, with authority to inspect and regulate matters of religion and discipline. In some churches, pastors or clergymen are called elders, or presbyters. 4. (M. E. Ch.) A clergyman authorized to administer all the sacraments; as, a traveling elder. Presiding elder (Meth. Ch.), an elder commissioned by a bishop to have the oversight of the churches and preachers in a certain district. -- Ruling elder, a lay presbyter or member of a Presbyterian church session. Schaff. Elder El"der (?), n. [OE. ellern, eller, AS. ellen, cf. LG. elloorn; perh. akin to OHG. holantar, holuntar, G. holunder; or perh. to E. alder, n.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubs (Sambucus) having broad umbels of white flowers, and small black or red berries. NOTE: &hand; Th e co mmon No rth Am erican sp ecies is Sa mbucus Canadensis; the common European species (S. nigra) forms a small tree. The red-berried elder is S. pubens. The berries are diaphoretic and aperient. Box elder. See under 1st Box. -- Dwarf elder. See Danewort. -- Elder tree. (Bot.) Same as Elder. Shak. -- Marsh elder, the cranberry tree Viburnum Opulus). Elderish Eld"er*ish (?), a. Somewhat old; elderly. [R.] Elderly Eld"er*ly, a. Somewhat old; advanced beyond middle age; bordering on old age; as, elderly people. Eldern El"dern (?), a. Made of elder. [Obs.] He would discharge us as boys do eldern guns. Marston. Eldership Eld"er*ship (?), n. 1. The state of being older; seniority. "Paternity an eldership." Sir W. Raleigh. 2. Office of an elder; collectively, a body of elders. Elderwort El"der*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) Danewort. Eldest Eld"est (?), a. [AS. yldest, superl. of eald old. See Elder, a.] 1. Oldest; longest in duration. Shak. 2. Born or living first, or before the others, as a son, daughter, brother, etc.; first in origin. See Elder. "My lady's eldest son." Shak. Their eldest historians are of suspected credit. Bp. Stillingfleet. Eldest hand (Card Playing), the player on the dealer's left hand. R. A. Proctor. Elding El"ding (?), n. [Icel. elding, fr. elda to kindle, eldr fire; akin to AS. \'91ld fire, \'91lan to burn.] Fuel. [Prov. Eng.] Grose. El Dorado El` Do*ra"do (?), pl. El Doradoes (. [Sp., lit., the gilt (sc. land); el the + dorado gilt, p. p. of dorare to gild. Cf. Dorado.] 1. A name given by the Spaniards in the 16th century to an imaginary country in the interior of South America, reputed to abound in gold and precious stones. 2. Any region of fabulous wealth; exceeding richness. The whole comedy is a sort of El Dorado of wit. T. Moore. Eldritch El"dritch (?), a. Hideous; ghastly; as, an eldritch shriek or laugh. [Local, Eng.] Eleatic E`le*at"ic (?), a. [L. eleaticus, from Elea (or Velia) in Italy.] Of or pertaining to a certain school of Greek philosophers who taught that the only certain science is that which owes nothing to the senses, and all to the reason. -- n. A philosopher of the Eleatic school. Eleaticism E`le*at"i*cism (?), n. The Eleatic doctrine. Elecampane El`e*cam*pane" (?), n. [F. \'82nulecampane, NL. inula campana; L. inula elecampane + LL. campana a bell; cf. G. glockenwurz, i. e., "bellwort."] 1. (Bot.) A large, coarse herb (Inula Helenium), with composite yellow flowers. The root, which has a pungent taste, is used as a tonic, and was formerly of much repute as a stomachic. 2. A sweetmeat made from the root of the plant. Elect E*lect" (?), a. [L. electus, p. p. of eligere to elect; e out + legere to choose. See Legend, and cf. Elite, Eclectic.] 1. Chosen; taken by preference from among two or more. "Colors quaint elect." Spenser. 2. (Theol.) Chosen as the object of mercy or divine favor; set apart to eternal life. "The elect angels." 1 Tim. v. 21. 3. Chosen to an office, but not yet actually inducted into it; as, bishop elect; governor or mayor elect. Elect E*lect", n. 1. One chosen or set apart. Behold my servant, whom I uphold; mine elect, in whom my soul delighteth. Is. xlii. 1. 2. pl. (Theol.) Those who are chosen for salvation. Shall not God avenge his won elect? Luke xviii. 7. Elect E*lect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elected; p. pr. & vb. n. Electing.] 1. To pick out; to select; to choose. The deputy elected by the Lord. Shak. 2. To select or take for an office; to select by vote; as, to elect a representative, a president, or a governor. 3. (Theol.) To designate, choose, or select, as an object of mercy or favor. Syn. -- To choose; prefer; select. See Choose. Electant E*lect"ant (?), n. [L. electans, p. pr. of electare.] One who has the power of choosing; an elector. [R.] Electary E*lec"ta*ry (?), n. (Med.) See Electuary. Electic E*lec"tic (?), a. See Eclectic. Electicism E*lec"ti*cism (?), n. See Eclecticism. Election E*lec"tion (?), n. [F. \'82lection, L. electio, fr. eligere to choose out. See Elect, a.] 1. The act of choosing; choice; selection. 2. The act of choosing a person to fill an office, or to membership in a society, as by ballot, uplifted hands, or viva voce; as, the election of a president or a mayor. Corruption in elections is the great enemy of freedom. J. Adams. 3. Power of choosing; free will; liberty to choose or act. "By his own election led to ill." Daniel. 4. Discriminating choice; discernment. [Obs.] To use men with much difference and election is good. Bacon. 5. (Theol.) Divine choice; predestination of individuals as objects of mercy and salvation; -- one of the "five points" of Calvinism. There is a remnant according to the election of grace. Rom. xi. 5. 6. (Law) The choice, made by a party, of two alternatives, by taking one of which, the chooser is excluded from the other. 7. Those who are elected. [Obs.] The election hath obtained it. Rom. xi. 7. To contest an election. See under Contest. -- To make one's election, to choose. He has made his election to walk, in the main, in the old paths. Fitzed. Hall. Electioneer E*lec`tion*eer" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Electionered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Electioneering.] To make interest for a candidate at an election; to use arts for securing the election of a candidate. A master of the whole art of electioneering. Macaulay. Electioneerer E*lec`tion*eer"er (?), n. One who electioneers. Elective E*lect"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. \'82lectif.] 1. Exerting the power of choice; selecting; as, an elective act. 2. Pertaining to, or consisting in, choice, or right of choosing; electoral. The independent use of their elective franchise. Bancroft. 3. Dependent on choice; bestowed or passing by election; as, an elective study; an elective office. Kings of Rome were at first elective; . . . for such are the conditions of an elective kingdom. Dryden. Elective affinity OR attraction (Chem.), a tendency to unite with certain things; chemism. Elective E*lect"ive, n. In an American college, an optional study or course of study. [Colloq.] Electively E*lect"ive*ly, adv. In an elective manner; by choice. Elector E*lect"or (?), n. [L., fr. eligere: cf. F. \'82lecteur.] 1. One who elects, or has the right of choice; a person who is entitled to take part in an election, or to give his vote in favor of a candidate for office. 2. Hence, specifically, in any country, a person legally qualified to vote. 3. In the old German empire, one of the princes entitled to choose the emperor. 4. One of the persons chosen, by vote of the people in the United States, to elect the President and Vice President. Elector E*lect"or (?), a. [Cf. F. \'82lectoral.] Pertaining to an election or to electors. In favor of the electoral and other princes. Burke. Electoral college, the body of princes formerly entitled to elect the Emperor of Germany; also, a name sometimes given, in the United States, to the body of electors chosen by the people to elect the President and Vice President. Electorality E*lect`or*al"i*ty (?), n. The territory or dignity of an elector; electorate. [R.] Sir H. Wotton. _________________________________________________________________ Page 477 Electorate E*lect"or*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82lectorat.] 1. The territory, jurisdiction, or dignity of an elector, as in the old German empire. 2. The whole body of persons in a nation or state who are entitled to vote in an election, or any distinct class or division of them. The middle-class electorate of Great Britain. M. Arnold. Electoress E*lect"or*ess (?), n. [Fem. of Elector.] An electress. Bp. Burnet. Electorial E`lec*to"ri*al (?), a. Electoral. Burke. Electorship E*lect"or*ship (?), n. The office or status of an elector. Electre, Electer E*lec"tre, E*lec"ter (?), n. [L. electrum: cf. F. \'82lectre mixture of gold and silver. See Electrum.] 1. Amber. See Electrum. [Obs.] 2. A metallic substance compounded of gold and silver; an alloy. [Obs.] Wyclif. Electrepeter E`lec*trep"e*ter (?), n. [Electro + Gr. An instrument used to change the direction of electric currents; a commutator. [R.] Electress E*lect"ress (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82lectrice. Cf. Electoress.] The wife or widow of an elector in the old German empire. Burke. Electric, Electrical E*lec"tric (?), E*lec"tric*al (?), a. [L. electrum amber, a mixed metal, Gr. arc to beam, shine: cf. F. \'82lectrique. The name came from the production of electricity by the friction of amber.] 1. Pertaining to electricity; consisting of, containing, derived from, or produced by, electricity; as, electric power or virtue; an electric jar; electric effects; an electric spark. 2. Capable of occasioning the phenomena of electricity; as, an electric or electrical machine or substance. 3. Electrifying; thrilling; magnetic. "Electric Pindar." Mrs. Browning. Electric atmosphere, OR Electric aura. See under Aura. -- Electrical battery. See Battery. -- Electrical brush. See under Brush. -- Electric cable. See Telegraph cable, under Telegraph. -- Electric candle. See under Candle. -- Electric cat (Zo\'94l.), one of three or more large species of African catfish of the genus Malapterurus (esp. M. electricus of the Nile). They have a large electrical organ and are able to give powerful shocks; -- called also sheathfish. -- Electric clock. See under Clock, and see Electro-chronograph. -- Electric current, a current or stream of electricity traversing a closed circuit formed of conducting substances, or passing by means of conductors from one body to another which is in a different electrical state. -- Electric, OR Electrical, eel (Zo\'94l.), a South American eel-like fresh-water fish of the genus Gymnotus (G. electricus), from two to five feet in length, capable of giving a violent electric shock. See Gymnotus. -- Electrical fish (Zo\'94l.), any fish which has an electrical organ by means of which it can give an electrical shock. The best known kinds are the torpedo, the gymnotus, or electrical eel, and the electric cat. See Torpedo, and Gymnotus. -- Electric fluid, the supposed matter of electricity; lightning. -- Electrical image (Elec.), a collection of electrical points regarded as forming, by an analogy with optical phenomena, an image of certain other electrical points, and used in the solution of electrical problems. Sir W. Thomson. -- Electrical light, the light produced by a current of electricity which in passing through a resisting medium heats it to incandescence or burns it. See under Carbon. -- Electric, OR Electrical, machine, an apparatus for generating, collecting, or exciting, electricity, as by friction. -- Electric motor. See Electro-motor, 2. -- Electric osmose. (Physics) See under Osmose. -- Electric pen, a hand pen for making perforated stencils for multiplying writings. It has a puncturing needle driven at great speed by a very small magneto-electric engine on the penhandle. -- Electric railway, a railway in which the machinery for moving the cars is driven by an electric current. -- Electric ray (Zo\'94l.), the torpedo. -- Electric telegraph. See Telegraph. Electric E*lec"tric (?), n. (Physics) A nonconductor of electricity, as amber, glass, resin, etc., employed to excite or accumulate electricity. Electrically E*lec"tric*al*ly (?), adv. In the manner of electricity, or by means of it; thrillingly. Electricalness E*lec"tric*al*ness, a. The state or quality of being electrical. Electrician E`lec*tri"cian (?), n. An investigator of electricity; one versed in the science of electricity. Electricity E`lec*tric"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Electricities (#). [Cf. F. \'82lectricit\'82. See Electric.] 1. A power in nature, a manifestation of energy, exhibiting itself when in disturbed equilibrium or in activity by a circuit movement, the fact of direction in which involves polarity, or opposition of properties in opposite directions; also, by attraction for many substances, by a law involving attraction between surfaces of unlike polarity, and repulsion between those of like; by exhibiting accumulated polar tension when the circuit is broken; and by producing heat, light, concussion, and often chemical changes when the circuit passes between the poles or through any imperfectly conducting substance or space. It is generally brought into action by any disturbance of molecular equilibrium, whether from a chemical, physical, or mechanical, cause. NOTE: &hand; El ectricity is ma nifested under following different forms: (a) Statical electricity, called also Frictional OR Common, electricity, electricity in the condition of a stationary charge, in which the disturbance is produced by friction, as of glass, amber, etc., or by induction. (b) Dynamical electricity, called also Voltaic electricity, electricity in motion, or as a current produced by chemical decomposition, as by means of a voltaic battery, or by mechanical action, as by dynamo-electric machines. (c) Thermoelectricity, in which the disturbing cause is heat (attended possibly with some chemical action). It is developed by uniting two pieces of unlike metals in a bar, and then heating the bar unequally. (d) Atmospheric electricity, any condition of electrical disturbance in the atmosphere or clouds, due to some or all of the above mentioned causes. (e) Magnetic electricity, electricity developed by the action of magnets. (f) Positive electricity, the electricity that appears at the positive pole or anode of a battery, or that is produced by friction of glass; -- called also vitreous electricity. (g) Negative electricity, the electricity that appears at the negative pole or cathode, or is produced by the friction of resinous substance; -- called also resinous electricity. (h) Organic electricity, that which is developed in organic structures, either animal or vegetable, the phrase animal electricity being much more common. 2. The science which unfolds the phenomena and laws of electricity; electrical science. 3. Fig.: Electrifying energy or characteristic. Electrifiable E*lec"tri*fi`a*ble (?), a. Capable of receiving electricity, or of being charged with it. Electrification E*lec`tri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. (Physics) The act of electrifying, or the state of being charged with electricity. Electrify E*lec"tri*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Electrified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Electrifying.] [Electric + -fy.] 1. To communicate electricity to; to charge with electricity; as, to electrify a jar. 2. To cause electricity to pass through; to affect by electricity; to give an electric shock to; as, to electrify a limb, or the body. 3. To excite suddenly and violently, esp. by something highly delightful or inspiriting; to thrill; as, this patriotic sentiment electrified the audience. If the sovereign were now to immure a subject in defiance of the writ of habeas corpus . . . the whole nation would be instantly electrified by the news. Macaulay. Try whether she could electrify Mr. Grandcourt by mentioning it to him at table. G. Eliot. Electrify E*lec"tri*fy, v. i. To become electric. Electrine E*lec"trine (?), a. [L. electrinus of amber. See Electric.] 1. Belonging to, or made of, amber. 2. Made of electrum, an alloy used by the ancients. Electrition E`lec*tri"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) The recognition by an animal body of the electrical condition of external objects. Electrization E*lec`tri*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82lectrisation.] The act of electrizing; electrification. Electrize E*lec"trize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Electrized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Electrizing (?).] [Cf. F. \'82lectriser.] To electricity. Eng. Cyc. Electrizer E*lec"tri`zer (?), n. One who, or that which, electrizes. Electro- E*lec"tro- (?). [L. electrum amber. See Electric.] A prefix or combining form signifying pertaining to electricity, produced by electricity, producing or employing electricity, etc.; as, electro-negative; electro-dynamic; electro-magnet. Electro E*lec"tro, n. An electrotype. Electro-ballistic E*lec`tro-bal*lis"tic (?), a. Pertaining to electro-ballistics. Electro-ballistics E*lec`tro-bal*lis"tics (?), n. The art or science of measuring the force or velocity of projectiles by means of electricity. Electro-biologist E*lec`tro-bi*ol"o*gist (?), n. (Biol.) One versed in electro-biology. Electro-biology E*lec`tro-bi*ol"o*gy (?), n. (Biol.) 1. That branch of biology which treats of the electrical phenomena of living organisms. 2. That phase of mesmerism or animal magnetism, the phenomena of which are supposed to be produced by a form of electricity. Electro-bioscopy E*lec`tro-bi*os"co*py (?), n. [Electro- + Gr. -scopy.] (Biol.) A method of determining the presence or absence of life in an animal organism with a current of electricity, by noting the presence or absence of muscular contraction. Electro-capillarity E*lec`tro-cap`il*lar"i*ty (?), n. (Physics) The occurrence or production of certain capillary effects by the action of an electrical current or charge. Electro-capillary E*lec`tro-cap"il*la*ry (?), a. (Physics) Pert. to, or caused by, electro-capillarity. Electro-chemical E*lec`tro-chem"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to electro-chemistry. Ure. Electro-chemistry E*lec`tro-chem"is*try (?), n. That branch of science which treats of the relation of electricity to chemical changes. Electro-chronograph E*lec`tro-chron"o*graph (?), n. (Astron. Physics) An instrument for obtaining an accurate record of the time at which any observed phenomenon occurs, or of its duration. It has an electro-magnetic register connected with a clock. See Chronograph. Electro-chronographic E*lec`tro-chron`o*graph"ic (?), a. Belonging to the electro-chronograph, or recorded by the aid of it. Electrocute E*lec"tro*cute` (?), v. t. [Electro- + cute in execute.] To execute or put to death by electricity. -- E*lec`tro*cu"tion, n. NOTE: [Recent; Newspaper words] Electrode E*lec"trode (?), n. [Electro- + Gr. \'82lectrode.] (Elec.) The path by which electricity is conveyed into or from a solution or other conducting medium; esp., the ends of the wires or conductors, leading from source of electricity, and terminating in the medium traversed by the current. Electro-dynamic, Electro-dynamical E*lec`tro-dy*nam"ic (?), E*lec`tro-dy*nam"ic*al (?), a. (Physics) Pertaining to the movements or force of electric or galvanic currents; dependent on electric force. Electro-dynamics E*lec`tro-dy*nam"ics (?), n. 1. The phenomena of electricity in motion. 2. The branch of science which treats of the properties of electric currents; dynamical electricity. Electro-dynamometer E*lec`tro-dy`na*mom"e*ter (?), n. An instrument for measuring the strength of electro-dynamic currents. Electro-engraving E*lec`tro-en*grav"ing (?), n. The art or process of engraving by means of electricity. Electro-etching E*lec`tro-etch"ing (?), n. A mode of etching upon metals by electrolytic action. Electrogenesis E*lec`tro*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Electro- + genesis.] (Physiol.) Same as Electrogeny. Electrogenic E*lec`tro*gen"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to electrogenesis; as, an electrogenic condition. Electrogeny E`lec*trog"e*ny (?), n. [Electro- + Gr. (Physiol.) A term sometimes applied to the effects (tetanus) produced in the muscles of the limbs, when a current of electricity is passed along the spinal cord or nerves. Electro-gilding E*lec`tro-gild"ing (?), n. The art or process of gilding copper, iron, etc., by means of voltaic electricity. Electro-gilt E*lec"tro-gilt` (?), a. Gilded by means of voltaic electricity. Electrograph E*lec"tro*graph (?), n. [Electro- + -graph.] A mark, record, or tracing, made by the action of electricity. Electro-kinetic E*lec`tro-ki*net"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to electro-kinetics. Electro-kinetics E*lec`tro-ki*net"ics (?), n. That branch of electrical science which treats of electricity in motion. Electrolier E*lec`tro*lier" (?), n. [Formed from electric in imitation of chandelier.] A branching frame, often of ornamental design, to support electric illuminating lamps. Electrology E`lec*trol"o*gy (?), n. [Electro- + -logy.] That branch of physical science which treats of the phenomena of electricity and its properties. Electrolysis E`lec*trol"y*sis (?), n. [Electro- + Gr. (Physics & Chem.) The act or process of chemical decomposition, by the action of electricity; as, the electrolysis of silver or nickel for plating; the electrolysis of water. Electrolyte E*lec"tro*lyte (?), n. [Electro- + Gr. \'82lectrolyte.] (Physics & Chem.) A compound decomposable, or subjected to decomposition, by an electric current. Electrolytic, Electrolytical E*lec`tro*lyt"ic (?), E*lec`tro*lyt"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. \'82lectrolytique.] Pertaining to electrolysis; as, electrolytic action. -- E*lec`tro*lyt"ic*al*ly, adv. Electrolyzable E*lec"tro*ly`za*ble (?), a. Capable of being electrolyzed, or decomposed by electricity. Electrolyzation E*lec`tro*ly*za"tion (?), n. The act or the process of electrolyzing. Electrolyze E*lec"tro*lyze (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Electrolyzed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Electrolyzing (?).] [Cf. F. \'82lectrolyser. See Electrolysis.] To decompose by the direct action of electricity. Faraday. Electro-magnet E*lec`tro-mag"net (?), n. A mass, usually of soft iron, but sometimes of some other magnetic metal, as nickel or cobalt, rendered temporarily magnetic by being placed within a coil of wire through which a current of electricity is passing. The metal is generally in the form of a bar, either straight, or bent into the shape of a horseshoe. Electro-magnetic E*lec`tro-mag*net"ic (?), a. Of, Pertaining to, or produced by, magnetism which is developed by the passage of an electric current. Electro-magnetic engine, an engine in which the motive force is electro-magnetism. -- Electro-magnetic theory of light (Physics), a theory of light which makes it consist in the rapid alternation of transient electric currents moving transversely to the direction of the ray. Electro-magnetism E*lec`tro-mag"net*ism (?), n. The magnetism developed by a current of electricity; the science which treats of the development of magnetism by means of voltaic electricity, and of the properties or actions of the currents evolved. Electro-metallurgy E*lec`tro-met"al*lur`gy (?), n. The act or art precipitating a metal electro-chemical action, by which a coating is deposited, on a prepared surface, as in electroplating and electrotyping; galvanoplasty. Electrometer E`lec*trom"e*ter (?), n. [Electro- + -meter: cf. F. \'82lectrom\'8atre.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the quantity or intensity of electricity; also, sometimes, and less properly, applied to an instrument which indicates the presence of electricity (usually called an electroscope). Balance electrometer. See under Balance. Electro-metric, Electro-metrical E*lec`tro-met"ric (?), E*lec`tro-met"ric*al (?), a. [Cf. F. \'82lectrom\'82trique.] Pertaining to electrometry; made by means of electrometer; as, an electrometrical experiment. Elextrometry E`lex*trom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82lectrom\'82trie.] (Physics) The art or process of making electrical measurements. Electro-motion E*lec`tro-mo"tion (?), n. The motion of electricity or its passage from one metal to another in a voltaic circuit; mechanical action produced by means of electricity. Electro-motive E*lec`tro-mo"tive (?), a. Producing electro-motion; producing, or tending to produce, electricity or an electric current; causing electrical action or effects. Electro-motive force (Physics), the force which produces, or tends to produce, electricity, or an electric current; sometimes used to express the degree of electrification as equivalent to potential, or more properly difference of potential. Electromotor E*lec`tro*mo"tor (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82lectromoteur.] 1. (Physics) A mover or exciter of electricity; as apparatus for generating a current of electricity. _________________________________________________________________ Page 478 2. (Mech.) An apparatus or machine for producing motion and mechanical effects by the action of electricity; an electro-magnetic engine. Electro-muscular E*lec`tro-mus"cu*lar (?), a. (Physiol.) Pertaining the reaction (contraction) of the muscles under electricity, or their sensibility to it. Electron E*lec"tron (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Electric.] Amber; also, the alloy of gold and silver, called electrum. Electro-negative E*lec`tro-neg"a*tive (?), a. (Chem. & Physics) (a) Having the property of being attracted by an electro-positive body, or a tendency to pass to the positive pole in electrolysis, by the law that opposite electricities attract each other. (b) Negative; nonmetallic; acid; -- opposed to positive, metallic, or basic. Electro-negative E*lec`tro-neg"a*tive, n. (Chem. & Physics) A body which passes to the positive pole in electrolysis. Electropathy E`lec*trop"a*thy (?), n. [Electro- + Gr. (Med.) The treatment of disease by electricity. Electrophone E*lec"tro*phone (?), n. [Electro- + Gr. (Physics) An instrument for producing sound by means of electric currents. Electrophorus E*lec`troph"o*rus (?), n.; pl. Electrophori (#). [NL., fr. combining form electro- + Gr. (Physics) An instrument for exciting electricity, and repeating the charge indefinitely by induction, consisting of a flat cake of resin, shelllac, or ebonite, upon which is placed a plate of metal. Electro-physiological E*lec`tro-phys`i*o*log"ic*al (?), a. (Physiol.) Pertaining to electrical results produced through physiological agencies, or by change of action in a living organism. Electro-physiology E*lec`tro-phys`i*ol"o*gy (?), n. (Physiol.) That branch of physiology which treats of electric phenomena produced through physiological agencies. Electroplate E*lec"tro*plate` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Electroplating.] (Mech.) To plate or cover with a coating of metal, usually silver, nickel, or gold, by means of electrolysis. Electroplater E*lec"tro*pla`ter (?), n. One who electroplates. Electroplating E*lec"tro*pla`ting (?), n. The art or process of depositing a coating (commonly) of silver, gold, or nickel on an inferior metal, by means of electricity. Electro-polar E*lec`tro-po"lar (?), a. (Physics) Possessing electrical polarity; positively electrified at one end, or on one surface, and negatively at the other; -- said of a conductor. Electro-positive E*lec`tro-pos"i*tive (?), a. 1. (Physics) Of such a nature relatively to some other associated body or bodies, as to tend to the negative pole of a voltaic battery, in electrolysis, while the associated body tends to the positive pole; -- the converse or correlative of electro-negative. NOTE: &hand; An el ement th at is electro-positive in one compound may be electro-negative in another, and vice versa. 2. (Chem.) Hence: Positive; metallic; basic; -- distinguished from negative, nonmetallic, or acid. Electro-positive E*lec`tro-pos"i*tive, n. (Chem. & Physics) A body which passes to the negative pole in electrolysis. Electro-puncturation, Electro-puncturing E*lec`tro-punc`tu*ra"tion (?), E*lec`tro-punc`tur*ing (?; 135), n. (Med.) See Electropuncture. Electro-puncture E*lec`tro-punc`ture (?; 135), n. (Med.) An operation that consists in inserting needless in the part affected, and connecting them with the poles of a galvanic apparatus. Electroscope E*lec"tro*scope (?), n. [Electro- + -scope: cf. F. \'82lectroscope.] (Physics) An instrument for detecting the presence of electricity, or changes in the electric state of bodies, or the species of electricity present, as by means of pith balls, and the like. Condensing electroscope (Physics), a form of electroscope in which an increase of sensibility is obtained by the use of a condenser. Electroscopic E*lec`tro*scop"ic (?), a. Relating to, or made by means of, the electroscope. Electrostatic E*lec`tro*stat"ic (?), a. Pertaining to electrostatics. Electrostatics E*lec`tro*stat"ics (?), n. (Physics) That branch of science which treats of statical electricity or electric force in a state of rest. Electro-stereotype E*lec`tro-ste"re*o*type (?), n. Same as Electrotype. Electro-telegraphic E*lec`tro-tel`e*graph"ic (?), a. Pertaining to the electric telegraph, or by means of it. Electro-telegraphy E*lec`tro-te*leg"ra*phy (?), n. The art or science of constructing or using the electric telegraph; the transmission of messages by means of the electric telegraph. Electro-therapeutics E*lec`tro-ther`a*peu"tics (?), n. (Med.) The branch of medical science which treats of the applications agent. Electro-thermancy E*lec`tro-ther"man*cy (?), n. That branch of electrical science which treats of the effect of an electric current upon the temperature of a conductor, or a part of a circuit composed of two different metals. Electro-tint E*lec"tro-tint` (?), n. (Fine Arts) A style of engraving in relief by means of voltaic electricity. A picture is drawn on a metallic plate with some material which resists the fluids of a battery; so that, in electro-typing, the parts not covered by the varnish, etc., receive a deposition of metal, and produce the required copy in intaglio. A cast of this is then the plate for printing. Electrotonic E*lec`tro*ton"ic (?), a. 1. (Physics) Of or pertaining to electrical tension; -- said of a supposed peculiar condition of a conducting circuit during its exposure to the action of another conducting circuit traversed by a uniform electric current when both circuits remain stationary. Faraday. 2. (Physiol.) Relating to electrotonus; as, the electrotonic condition of a nerve. Electrotonize E`lec*trot"o*nize (?), v. t. (Physiol.) To cause or produce electrotonus. Electrotonous E`lec*trot"o*nous (?), a. Electrotonic. Electrotonus E`lec*trot"o*nus (?), n. [NL., fr. combining form electro- + Gr. (Physiol.) The modified condition of a nerve, when a constant current of electricity passes through any part of it. See Anelectrotonus, and Catelectrotonus. Electrotype E*lec"tro*type (?), n. [Electro- + -type.] A facsimile plate made by electrotypy for use in printing; also, an impression or print from such plate. Also used adjectively. NOTE: &hand; Th e fa ce of an el ectrotype consists of a shell of copper, silver, or the like, produced by the action of an electrical current upon a plate of metal and a wax mold suspended in an acid bath and connected with opposite poles of the battery. It is backed up with a solid filling of type metal. Electrotype E*lec"tro*type, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Electrotyped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Electrotyping (?).] To make facsimile plates of by the electrotype process; as to electrotype a page of type, a book, etc. See Electrotype, n. Electrotyper E*lec"tro*ty`per (?), n. One who electrotypes. Electrotypic E*lec`tro*typ"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or effected by means of, electrotypy. Electrotyping E*lec"tro*ty`ping (?), n. The act or the process of making electrotypes. Electrotypy E*lec"tro*ty`py (?), n. The process of producing electrotype plates. See Note under Electrotype, n. Electro-vital E*lec`tro-vi"tal (?), a. Derived from, or dependent upon, vital processes; -- said of certain electric currents supposed by some physiologists to circulate in the nerves of animals. Electro-vitalism E*lec`tro-vi"tal*ism (?), n. (Physiol.) The theory that the functions of living organisms are dependent upon electricity or a kindred force. Electrum E*lec"trum (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Electric, and cf. Electre, Electron.] 1. Amber. 2. An alloy of gold and silver, of an amber color, used by the ancients. 3. German-silver plate. See German silver, under German. Electuary E*lec"tu*a*ry (?; 135), n.; pl. Electuaries (#). [OE. letuaire, OF. lettuaire, electuaire, F. \'82lectuaire, L. electuarium, electarium. prob. fr. Gr. Lick, and cf. Eclegm.] (Med.) A medicine composed of powders, or other ingredients, incorporated with some convserve, honey, or sirup; a confection. See the note under Confection. Eleemosynarily El`ee*mos"y*na*ri*ly (?), adv. In an eleemosynary manner; by charity; charitably. Eleemosynary El`ee*mos"y*na*ry (?; 277), a. [LL. eleemosynarius, fr. eleemosyna alms, Gr. Alms.] 1. Relating to charity, alms, or almsgiving; intended for the distribution of charity; as, an eleemosynary corporation. 2. Given in charity or alms; having the nature of alms; as, eleemosynary assistance. "Eleemosynary cures." Boyle. 3. Supported by charity; as, eleemosynary poor. Eleemosynary El`ee*mos"y*na*ry, n.; pl. Eleemosynaries (. One who subsists on charity; a dependent. South. Elegance, Elegancy El"e*gance (?), El"e*gan*cy (?), n. [L. elegantia, fr. elegans, -antis, elegant: cf. F. \'82l\'82gance.] 1. The state or quality of being elegant; beauty as resulting from choice qualities and the complete absence of what deforms or impresses unpleasantly; grace given by art or practice; fine polish; refinement; -- said of manners, language, style, form, architecture, etc. That grace that elegance affords. Drayton. The endearing elegance of female friendship. Johnson. A trait of native elegance, seldom seen in the masculine character after childhood or early youth, was shown in the General's fondness for the sight and fragrance of flowers. Hawthorne. 2. That which is elegant; that which is tasteful and highly attractive. The beautiful wildness of nature, without the nicer elegancies of art. Spectator. Syn. -- Elegance, Grace. Elegance implies something of a select style of beauty, which is usually produced by art, skill, or training; as, elegance of manners, composition, handwriting, etc.; elegant furniture; an elegant house, etc. Grace, as the word is here used, refers to bodily movements, and is a lower order of beauty. It may be a natural gift; thus, the manners of a peasant girl may be graceful, but can hardly be called elegant. Elegant El"e*gant (?), a. [L. elegans, -antis; akin to eligere to pick out, choose, select: cf. F. \'82l\'82gant. See Elect.] 1. Very choice, and hence, pleasing to good taste; characterized by grace, propriety, and refinement, and the absence of every thing offensive; exciting admiration and approbation by symmetry, completeness, freedom from blemish, and the like; graceful; tasteful and highly attractive; as, elegant manners; elegant style of composition; an elegant speaker; an elegant structure. A more diligent cultivation of elegant literature. Prescott. 2. Exercising a nice choice; discriminating beauty or sensitive to beauty; as, elegant taste. Syn. -- Tasteful; polished; graceful; refined; comely; handsome; richly ornamental. Elegantly El"e*gant*ly, adv. In a manner to please nice taste; with elegance; with due symmetry; richly. Elegiac E*le"gi*ac (?; 277), a. [L. elegiacus, Gr. \'82l\'82giaque. See Elegy.] 1. Belonging to elegy, or written in elegiacs; plaintive; expressing sorrow or lamentation; as, an elegiac lay; elegiac strains. Elegiac griefs, and songs of love. Mrs. Browning. 2. Used in elegies; as, elegiac verse; the elegiac distich or couplet, consisting of a dactylic hexameter and pentameter. Elegiac E*le"gi*ac (?), n. Elegiac verse. Elegiacal El`e*gi"a*cal (?), a. Elegiac. Elegiast E*le"gi*ast (?), n. One who composes elegies. Goldsmith. Elegiographer El`e*gi*og"ra*pher (?), n. [Gr. -graph + -er.] An elegist. [Obs.] Elegist El"e*gist (?), n. A write of elegies. T. Warton. Elegit E*le"git (?), n. [L., he has chosen, fr. eligere to choose. See Elect.] (Law) A judicial writ of execution, by which a defendant's goods are appraised and delivered to the plaintiff, and, if no sufficient to satisfy the debt, all of his lands are delivered, to be held till the debt is paid by the rents and profits, or until the defendant's interest has expired. Elegize El"e*gize (?), v. t. To lament in an elegy; to celebrate in elegiac verse; to bewail. Carlyle. Elegy El"e*gy (?), n.; pl. Elegies (#). [L. elegia, Gr. A mournful or plaintive poem; a funereal song; a poem of lamentation. Shak. Eleidin E*le"i*din (?), n. (Biol.) Lifeless matter deposited in the form of minute granules within the protoplasm of living cells. Element El"e*ment (?), n. [F. \'82l\'82ment, L. elementum.] 1. One of the simplest or essential parts or principles of which anything consists, or upon which the constitution or fundamental powers of anything are based. 2. One of the ultimate, undecomposable constituents of any kind of matter. Specifically: (Chem.) A substance which cannot be decomposed into different kinds of matter by any means at present employed; as, the elements of water are oxygen and hydrogen. NOTE: &hand; Th e el ements ar e na turally cl assified in several families or groups, as the group of the alkaline elements, the halogen group, and the like. They are roughly divided into two great classes, the metals, as sodium, calcium, etc., which form basic compounds, and the nonmetals or metalloids, as oxygen, sulphur, chlorine, which form acid compounds; but the distinction is only relative, and some, as arsenic, tin, aluminium, etc., form both acid and basic compounds. The essential fact regarding every element is its relative atomic weight or equivalent. When the elements are tabulated in the order of their ascending atomic weights, the arrangement constitutes the series of the Periodic law of Mendelejeff. See Periodic law, under Periodic. This Periodic law enables us to predict the qualities of unknown elements. The number of elements known is about seventy-five, but the gaps in the Periodic law indicate the possibility of many more. Many of the elements with which we are familiar, as hydrogen, carbon, iron, gold, etc., have been recognized, by means of spectrum analysis, in the sun and the fixed stars. From certain evidence (as that afforded by the Periodic law, spectrum analysis, etc.) it appears that the chemical elements probably may not be simple bodies, but only very stable compounds of some simpler body or bodies. In formulas, the elements are designated by abbreviations of their names in Latin or New Latin. _________________________________________________________________ Page 478 The Elements ------------------------------------------------------------ Name |Sym-|Atomic Weight| |bol | O=16 | H=1 | ------------------------------------------------------------ Aluminum | Al | 27.1 | 26.9| Antimony(Stibium) Argon Arsenic Barium Beryllium (see Glucinum) Bismuth Boron Bromine Cadmium Caesium Calcium Carbon Cerium Chlorine Chromium Cobalt Columbium Copper (Cuprum) Erbium Fluorine Gadolinium Gallium Germanium Glucinum <--(now Beryllium)--> Gold Helium Hydrogen Indium Iodine Iridium Iron (Ferrum) Krypton Lanthanum Lead (Plumbum) Lithium Magnesium Manganese Mercury (Hydrargyrum) Molybdenum Neodymium Neon Nickel Niobium (see Columbium) Nirogen Osmium Oxygen Palladium Phosphorus Platinum Potassium (Kalium) Praseodymium Rhodium Rubidium Ruthenium _________________________________________________________________ Page 479 ----------------------------------------------------------- The Elements -- continued ------------------------------------------------------------ Name Samarium Scandium Selenium Silicon Silver (Argentum) Sodium (Natrium) Strontium Sulphur Tantalum Tellurium Thallium Thorium Thulium Tin (Stannum) Titanium Tungsten (Wolframium) Uranium Vanadium Wolfranium (see Tungsten) Xenon Ytterbium Yttrium Zinc Zirconium ------------------------------------------------------------ NOTE: Several ot her el ements ha ve be en an nounced, as holmium, vesbium, austrium, etc., but their properties, and in some cases their existence, have not yet been definitely established. 3. One of the ultimate parts which are variously combined in anything; as, letters are the elements of written language; hence, also, a simple portion of that which is complex, as a shaft, lever, wheel, or any simple part in a machine; one of the essential ingredients of any mixture; a constituent part; as, quartz, feldspar, and mica are the elements of granite. The simplicity which is so large an element in a noble nature was laughed to scorn. Jowett (Thucyd.). 4. (a) One out of several parts combined in a system of aggregation, when each is of the nature of the whole; as, a single cell is an element of the honeycomb. (b) (Anat.) One of the smallest natural divisions of the organism, as a blood corpuscle, a muscular fiber. 5. (Biol.) One of the simplest essential parts, more commonly called cells, of which animal and vegetable organisms, or their tissues and organs, are composed. 6. (Math.) (a) An infinitesimal part of anything of the same nature as the entire magnitude considered; as, in a solid an element may be infinitesimal portion between any two planes that are separated and indefinitely small distance. In the calculus, element is sometimes used as synonymous with differential. (b) Sometimes a curve, or surface, or volume is considered as described by a moving point, or curve, or surface, the latter being at any instant called an element of the former. (c) One of the terms in an algebraic expression. 7. One of the necessary data or values upon which a system of calculations depends, or general conclusions are based; as, the elements of a planet's orbit. 8. pl. The simplest or fundamental principles of any system in philosophy, science, or art; rudiments; as, the elements of geometry, or of music. 9. pl. Any outline or sketch, regarded as containing the fundamental ideas or features of the thing in question; as, the elemental of a plan. 10. One of the simple substances, as supposed by the ancient philosophers; one of the imaginary principles of matter. NOTE: (a) Th e fo ur el ements we re, ai r, earth, water, and fire; whence it is said, water is the proper element of fishes; air is the element of birds. Hence, the state or sphere natural to anything or suited for its existence. Of elements The grosser feeds the purer: Earth the Sea; Earth and the Sea feed Air; the Air those Fires Ethereal. Milton. Does not our life consist of the four elements? Shak. And the complexion of the element [i. e.,the sky or air] In favor's like the work we have in hand, Most bloody, fiery, and most terrible. Shak. About twelve ounces [of food], with mere element for drink. Cheyne. They show that they are out of their element. T. Baker. Esp., the conditions and movements of the air. "The elements be kind to thee." (b) The elements of the alchemists were salt, sulphur, and mercury. Brande & C. 11. pl. The whole material composing the world. The elements shall melt with fervent heat. 2 Peter iii. 10. 12. pl. (Eccl.) The bread and wine used in the eucharist or Lord's supper. Magnetic element, one of the hypothetical elementary portions of which a magnet is regarded as made up. Element El"e*ment (?), v. t. 1. To compound of elements or first principles. [Obs.] "[Love] being elemented too." Donne. 2. To constitute; to make up with elements. His very soul was elemented of nothing but sadness. Walton. Elemental El`e*men"tal (?), a. 1. Pertaining to the elements, first principles, and primary ingredients, or to the four supposed elements of the material world; as, elemental air. "Elemental strife." Pope. 2. Pertaining to rudiments or first principles; rudimentary; elementary. "The elemental rules of erudition." Cawthorn. Elementalism El`e*men"tal*ism (?), a. The theory that the heathen divinities originated in the personification of elemental powers. Elementality E`le*men*tal"i*ty (?), n. The condition of being composed of elements, or a thing so composed. Elementally El`e*men"tal*ly (?), adv. According to elements; literally; as, the words, "Take, eat; this is my body," elementally understood. Elementar El`e*men"tar (?), a. Elementary. [Obs.] Skelton. Elementariness El`e*men"ta*ri*ness (?), n. The state of being elementary; original simplicity; uncompounded state. Elementarity El`e*men*tar"i*ty (?), n. Elementariness. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Elementary El`e*men"ta*ry (?), a. [L. elementarius: cf. F. \'82l\'82mentaire.] 1. Having only one principle or constituent part; consisting of a single element; simple; uncompounded; as, an elementary substance. 2. Pertaining to, or treating of, the elements, rudiments, or first principles of anything; initial; rudimental; introductory; as, an elementary treatise. 3. Pertaining to one of the four elements, air, water, earth, fire. "Some luminous and fiery impressions in the elementary region." J. Spencer. Elementation El`e*men*ta"tion (?), n. Instruction in the elements or first principles. [R.] Elementoid El"e*men*toid` (?), a. [Element + -oid.] Resembling an element. Elemi El"e*mi (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82lemi, It. elemi, Sp. elemi; of American or Oriental. origin.] A fragrant gum resin obtained chiefly tropical trees of the genera Amyris and Canarium. A. elemifera yields Mexican elemi; C. commune, the Manila elemi. It is used in the manufacture of varnishes, also in ointments and plasters. Elemin El"e*min (?), n. (Chem.) A transparent, colorless oil obtained from elemi resin by distillation with water; also, a crystallizable extract from the resin. Elench E*lench" (?), n.; pl. Elenchs (#). [L. elenchus, Gr. elenche.] (Logic) (a) That part of an argument on which its conclusiveness depends; that which convinces of refutes an antagonist; a refutation. (b) A specious but fallacious argument; a sophism. Elenchical E*len"chic*al (?), a. Pertaining to an elench. Elenchically E*len"chic*al*ly, adv. By means of an elench. Elenchize E*len"chize (?), v. i. To dispute. [R.] B. Jonson. Elenchtic, Elenchtical E*lench"tic, E*lench"tic*al (?), a. Same as Elenctic. Elenchus E*len"chus (?), n. [L.] Same as Elench. Elenctic, Elenctical E*lenc"tic (?), E*lenc"tic*al (?), a. [Gr. (Logic) Serving to refute; refutative; -- applied to indirect modes of proof, and opposed to deictic. Elenge El"enge (?), a. [Cf. AS. ellende foreign, strange, G. elend miserable.] Sorrowful; wretched; full of trouble. [Obs.] Chaucer. Elengeness El"enge*ness, n. Loneliness; misery. [Obs.] Elephansy El"e*phan*sy (?), n. [L. elephantia.] Elephantiasis. [Obs.] Holland. Elephant El"e*phant (?), n. [OE. elefaunt, olifant, OF. olifant, F. \'82l\'82phant, L. elephantus, elephas, -antis, fr. Gr. ibha, with the Semitic article al, el, prefixed, or fr. Semitic Aleph hindi Indian bull; or cf. Goth. ulbandus camel, AS. olfend.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A mammal of the order Proboscidia, of which two living species, Elephas Indicus and E. Africanus, and several fossil species, are known. They have a proboscis or trunk, and two large ivory tusks proceeding from the extremity of the upper jaw, and curving upwards. The molar teeth are large and have transverse folds. Elephants are the largest land animals now existing. 2. Ivory; the tusk of the elephant. [Obs.] Dryden. <-- Illustr. of Elephant. --> Elephant apple (Bot.), an East Indian fruit with a rough, hard rind, and edible pulp, borne by Feronia elephantum, a large tree related to the orange. -- Elephant bed (Geol.), at Brighton, England, abounding in fossil remains of elephants. Mantell. -- Elephant beetle (Zo\'94l.), any very large beetle of the genus Goliathus (esp. G. giganteus), of the family Scarab\'91id\'91. They inhabit West Africa. -- Elephant fish (Zo\'94l.), a chim\'91roid fish (Callorhynchus antarcticus), with a proboscis-like projection of the snout. -- Elephant paper, paper of large size, 23 × 28 inches. -- Double elephant paper, paper measuring 26Paper. -- Elephant seal (Zo\'94l.), an African jumping shrew (Macroscelides typicus), having a long nose like a proboscis. -- Elephant's ear (Bot.), a name given to certain species of the genus Begonia, which have immense one-sided leaves. -- Elephant's foot (Bot.) (a) A South African plant (Testudinaria Elephantipes), which has a massive rootstock covered with a kind of bark cracked with deep fissures; -- called also tortoise plant. The interior part is barely edible, whence the plant is also called Hottentot's bread. (b) A genus (Elephantopus) of coarse, composite weeds. -- Elephant's tusk (Zo\'94l.), the tooth shell. See Dentalium. Elephantiac El`e*phan"ti*ac (?), a. (Med.) Affected with elephantiasis; characteristic of elephantiasis. Elephantiasis El`e*phan*ti"a*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Med.) A disease of the skin, in which it become enormously thickened, and is rough, hard, and fissured, like an elephant's hide. Elephantine El`e*phan"tine (?), a. [L. elephantinus of ivory, Gr. \'82l\'82phantin.] Pertaining to the elephant, or resembling an elephant (commonly, in size); hence, huge; immense; heavy; as, of elephantine proportions; an elephantine step or tread. Elephantine epoch (Geol.), the epoch distinguished by the existence of large pachyderms. Mantell. -- Elephantine tortoise (Zo\'94l.), a huge land tortoise; esp., Testudo elephantina, from islands in the Indian Ocean; and T. elephantopus, from the Galapagos Islands. Elephantoid; 277, Elephantoidal El"e*phan*toid` (?; 277), El`e*phan*toid"al (?), a. [Elephant + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Resembling an elephant in form or appearance. Eleusinian El`eu*sin"i*an (?), a. [L. Eleusinius, Gr. Pertaining to Eleusis, in Greece, or to secret rites in honor of Ceres, there celebrated; as, Eleusinian mysteries or festivals. Eleutheromania E*leu`ther*o*ma"ni*a (?), n. [Gr. mania.] A mania or frantic zeal for freedom. [R.] Carlyle. Eleutheromaniac E*leu`ther*o*ma"ni*ac, a. Mad for freedom. [R.] Eleuthero-petalous E*leu`ther*o-pet"al*ous (?), a. [Gr. petal.] (Bot.) Having the petals free, that is, entirely separate from each other; -- said of both plant and flower. Elevate El"e*vate (?), a. [L. elevatus, p. p.] Elevated; raised aloft. [Poetic] Milton. Elevate El"e*vate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elevated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Elevating (?).] [L. elevatus, p. p. of elevare; e + levare to lift up, raise, akin to levis light in weight. See Levity.] 1. To bring from a lower place to a higher; to lift up; to raise; as, to elevate a weight, a flagstaff, etc. 2. To raise to a higher station; to promote; as, to elevate to an office, or to a high social position. 3. To raise from a depressed state; to animate; to cheer; as, to elevate the spirits. 4. To exalt; to ennoble; to dignify; as, to elevate the mind or character. 5. To raise to a higher pitch, or to a greater degree of loudness; -- said of sounds; as, to elevate the voice. 6. To intoxicate in a slight degree; to render tipsy. [Colloq. & Sportive] "The elevated cavaliers sent for two tubs of merry stingo." Sir W. Scott. 7. To lessen; to detract from; to disparage. [A Latin meaning] [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. To elevate a piece (Gun.), to raise the muzzle; to lower the breech. Syn. -- To exalt; dignify; ennoble; erect; raise; hoist; heighten; elate; cheer; flush; excite; animate. Elevated El"e*va`ted (?), a. Uplifted; high; lofty; also, animated; noble; as, elevated thoughts. Elevated railway, one in which the track is raised considerably above the ground, especially a city railway above the line of street travel. Elevatedness El"e*va`ted*ness, n. The quality of being elevated. Elevation El`e*va"tion (?), n. [L. elevatio: cf. F. \'82l\'82vation.] 1. The act of raising from a lower place, condition, or quality to a higher; -- said of material things, persons, the mind, the voice, etc.; as, the elevation of grain; elevation to a throne; elevation of mind, thoughts, or character. 2. Condition of being elevated; height; exaltation. "Degrees of elevation above us." Locke. His style . . . wanted a little elevation. Sir H. Wotton. 3. That which is raised up or elevated; an elevated place or station; as, an elevation of the ground; a hill. 4. (Astron.) The distance of a celestial object above the horizon, or the arc of a vertical circle intercepted between it and the horizon; altitude; as, the elevation of the pole, or of a star. 5. (Dialing) The angle which the style makes with the substylar line. 6. (Gunnery) The movement of the axis of a piece in a vertical plane; also, the angle of elevation, that is, the angle between the axis of the piece and the line odirection . 7. (Drawing) A geometrical projection of a building, or other object, on a plane perpendicular to the horizon; orthographic projection on a vertical plane; -- called by the ancients the orthography. Angle of elevation (Geodesy), the angle which an ascending line makes with a horizontal plane. -- Elevation of the host (R. C. Ch.), that part of the Mass in which the priest raises the host above his head for the people to adore. Elevator El"e*va`tor (?), n. [L., one who raises up, a deliverer: cf. F. \'82l\'82vateur.] One who, or that which, raises or lifts up anything; as: (a) A mechanical contrivance, usually an endless belt or chain with a series of scoops or buckets, for transferring grain to an upper loft for storage. (b) A cage or platform and the hoisting machinery in a hotel, warehouse, mine, etc., for conveying persons, goods, etc., to or from different floors or levels; -- called in England a lift; the cage or platform itself. (c) A building for elevating, storing, and discharging, grain. (d) (Anat.) A muscle which serves to raise a part of the body, as the leg or the eye. (e) (Surg.) An instrument for raising a depressed portion of a bone. Elevator head, leg, AND boot, the boxes in which the upper pulley, belt, and lower pulley, respectively, run in a grain elevator. Elevatory El"e*va`to*ry (?), a. Tending to raise, or having power to elevate; as, elevatory forces. Elevatory El"e*va`to*ry, n. [Cf. F. \'82l\'82vatoire.] (Surg.) See Elevator, n. (e). Dunglison. _________________________________________________________________ Page 480 \'90l\'8ave \'90`l\'8ave" (, n. [F., fr. \'82lever to raise, bring up.] A pupil; a student. Eleven E*lev"en (?), a. [OE. enleven, AS. endleofan, endlufon, for nleofan; akin to LG. eleve, \'94lwe, \'94lwen, D. elf, G. elf, eilf, OHG. einlif, Icel. ellifu, Sw. elfva, Dan. elleve, Goth. ainlif, cf. Lith. v\'89nolika; and fr. the root of E. one + (prob.) a root signifying "to be left over, remain," appearing in E. loan, or perh. in leave, v. t., life. See One, and cf. Twelve.] Ten and one added; as, eleven men. Eleven E*lev"en, n. 1. The sum of ten and one; eleven units or objects. 2. A symbol representing eleven units, as 11 or xi. 3. (Cricket & American Football) The eleven men selected to play on one side in a match, as the representatives of a club or a locality; as, the all-England eleven. Eleventh E*lev"enth (?), a. [Cf. AS. endlyfta. See Eleven.] 1. Next after the tenth; as, the eleventh chapter. 2. Constituting one of eleven parts into which a thing is divided; as, the eleventh part of a thing. 3. (Mus.) Of or pertaining to the interval of the octave and the fourth. Eleventh E*lev"enth, n. 1. The quotient of a unit divided by eleven; one of eleven equal parts. 2. (Mus.) The interval consisting of ten conjunct degrees; the interval made up of an octave and a fourth. Elf Elf (?), n.; pl. Elves (#). [AS. \'91lf, ylf; akin to MHG. alp, G. alp nightmare, incubus, Icel. elf, Sw. alf, elfva; cf. Skr. rbhu skillful, artful, rabh to grasp. Cf. Auf, Oaf.] 1. An imaginary supernatural being, commonly a little sprite, much like a fairy; a mythological diminutive spirit, supposed to haunt hills and wild places, and generally represented as delighting in mischievous tricks. Every elf, and fairy sprite, Hop as light as bird from brier. Shak. 2. A very diminutive person; a dwarf. Elf arrow, a flint arrowhead; -- so called by the English rural folk who often find these objects of prehistoric make in the fields and formerly attributed them to fairies; -- called also elf bolt, elf dart, and elf shot. -- Elf child, a child supposed to be left by elves, in room of one they had stolen. See Changeling. -- Elf fire, the ignis fatuus. Brewer. -- Elf owl (Zo\'94l.), a small owl (Micrathene Whitneyi) of Southern California and Arizona. Elf Elf, v. t. To entangle mischievously, as an elf might do. Elf all my hair in knots. Shak. Elfin Elf"in (?), a. Relating to elves. Elfin Elf"in, n. A little elf or urchin. Shenstone. Elfish Elf"ish, a. Of or relating to the elves; elflike; implike; weird; scarcely human; mischievous, as though caused by elves. "Elfish light." Coleridge. The elfish intelligence that was so familiar an expression on her small physiognomy. Hawthorne. Elfishly Elf"ish*ly, adv. In an elfish manner. Elfishness Elf"ish*ness, n. The quality of being elfish. Elfkin Elf"kin (?), n. A little elf. Elfland Elf"land` (?), n. Fairyland. Tennyson. Elflock Elf"lock` (?), n. Hair matted, or twisted into a knot, as if by elves. Elgin marbles El"gin mar"bles (?). Greek sculptures in the British Museum. They were obtained at Athens, about 1811, by Lord Elgin. Elicit E*lic"it (?), a. [L. elictus, p. p. of elicere to elicit; e + lacere to entice. Cf. Delight, Lace.] Elicited; drawn out; made real; open; evident. [Obs.] "An elicit act of equity." Jer. Taylor. Elicit E*lic"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elicited; p. pr. & vb. n. Eliciting.] To draw out or entice forth; to bring to light; to bring out against the will; to deduce by reason or argument; as, to elicit truth by discussion. Elicitate E*lic"i*tate (?), v. t. To elicit. [Obs.] Elicitation E*lic`i*ta"tion (?), n. The act of eliciting. [Obs.] Abp. Bramhall. Elide E*lide" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elided; p. pr. & vb. n. Eliding.] [L. elidere to strike out or off; e + laedere to hurt by striking: cf. F. \'82lider. See Lesion.] 1. To break or dash in pieces; to demolish; as, to elide the force of an argument. [Obs.] Hooker. 2. (Gram.) To cut off, as a vowel or a syllable, usually the final one; to subject to elision. Eligibility El`i*gi*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82ligibilit\'82.] The quality of being eligible; eligibleness; as, the eligibility of a candidate; the eligibility of an offer of marriage. Eligible El"i*gi*ble (?), a. [F. \'82ligible, fr. L. eligere. See Elect.] 1. That may be selected; proper or qualified to be chosen; legally qualified to be elected and to hold office. 2. Worthy to be chosen or selected; suitable; desirable; as, an eligible situation for a house. The more eligible of the two evils. Burke. Eligibleness El"i*gi*ble*ness, n. The quality worthy or qualified to be chosen; suitableness; desirableness. Eligibly El"i*gi*bly, adv. In an eligible manner. Elimate El"i*mate (?), v. t. [L. elimatus, p. p. of elimare to file up; e out + limare to file, fr. lima file.] To render smooth; to polish. [Obs.] Eliminant E*lim"i*nant (?), n. (Math.) The result of eliminating n variables between n homogeneous equations of any degree; -- called also resultant. Eliminate E*lim"i*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eliminated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eliminating (?).] [L. eliminatus, p. p. of eliminare; e out + limen threshold; prob. akin to limes boundary. See Limit.] 1. To put out of doors; to expel; to discharge; to release; to set at liberty. Eliminate my spirit, give it range Through provinces of thought yet unexplored. Young. 2. (Alg.) To cause to disappear from an equation; as, to eliminate an unknown quantity. 3. To set aside as unimportant in a process of inductive inquiry; to leave out of consideration. Eliminate errors that have been gathering and accumulating. Lowth. 4. To obtain by separating, as from foreign matters; to deduce; as, to eliminate an idea or a conclusion. [Recent, and not well authorized] 5. (Physiol.) To separate; to expel from the system; to excrete; as, the kidneys eliminate urea, the lungs carbonic acid; to eliminate poison from the system. Elimination E*lim`i*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82limination.] 1. The act of expelling or throwing off; (Physiol.) the act of discharging or excreting waste products or foreign substances through the various emunctories. 2. (Alg.) Act of causing a quantity to disappear from an equation; especially, in the operation of deducing from several equations containing several unknown quantities a less number of equations containing a less number of unknown quantities. 3. The act of obtaining by separation, or as the result of eliminating; deduction. [See Eliminate, 4.] Eliminative E*lim"i*na*tive (?), a. (Physiol.) Relating to, or carrying on, elimination. Elinguate E*lin"guate (?), v. t. [L. elinguare.] To deprive of the tongue. [Obs.] Davies (Holy Roode). Elinguation E`lin*gua"tion (?), n. [L. elinguatio. See Elinguid.] (O. Eng. Law) Punishment by cutting out the tongue. Elinguid E*lin"guid (?), a. [L. elinguis, prop., deprived of the tongue; hence, speechless; e + lingua tongue.] Tongue-tied; dumb. [Obs.] Eliquament E*liq"ua*ment (?), n. A liquid obtained from fat, or fat fish, by pressure. Eliquation El`i*qua"tion (?), n. [L. eliquatio, fr. eliquare to clarify, strain; e + liquare to make liquid, melt.] (Metallurgy) The process of separating a fusible substance from one less fusible, by means of a degree of heat sufficient to melt the one and not the other, as an alloy of copper and lead; liquation. Ure. Elison E*li"son (?), n. [L. elisio, fr. elidere, elisum, to strike out: cf. F. \'82lision. See Elide.] 1. Division; separation. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. (Gram.) The cutting off or suppression of a vowel or syllable, for the sake of meter or euphony; esp., in poetry, the dropping of a final vowel standing before an initial vowel in the following word, when the two words are drawn together. Elisor E*li"sor (?), n. [F. \'82liseur, fr. \'82lire to choose, L. eligere. See Elect.] (Eng. Law) An elector or chooser; one of two persons appointed by a court to return a jury or serve a writ when the sheriff and the coroners are disqualified. (?), n. [F., fr. \'82lire to choose, L. eligere. See Elect.] A choice or select body; the flower; as, the \'82lite of society. Elix E*lix" (?), v. t. [See Elixate.] To extract. [Obs.] Marston. Elixate E*lix"ate (?), v. t. [L. elixatus, p. p. of elixare to seethe, fr. elixus thoroughly boiled; e + lixare to boil, lix ashes.] To boil; to seethe; hence, to extract by boiling or seething. [Obs.] Cockeram. Elixation El`ix*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82lixation.] A seething; digestion. [Obs.] Burton. Elixir E*lix"ir (?), n. [F. \'82lixir, Sp. elixir, Ar. eliks\'c6r the philosopher's stone, prob. from Gr. ksh\'be to burn.] 1. (Med.) A tincture with more than one base; a compound tincture or medicine, composed of various substances, held in solution by alcohol in some form. 2. (Alchemy) An imaginary liquor capable of transmuting metals into gold; also, one for producing life indefinitely; as, elixir vit\'91, or the elixir of life. 3. The refined spirit; the quintessence. The . . . elixir of worldly delights. South. 4. Any cordial or substance which invigorates. The grand elixir, to support the spirits of human nature. Addison. Elizabethan E*liz"a*beth`an (?), a. Pertaining to Queen Elizabeth or her times, esp. to the architecture or literature of her reign; as, the Elizabethan writers, drama, literature. -- n. One who lived in England in the time of Queen Elizabeth. Lowell. Elk Elk (?), n. [Icel. elgr; akin to Sw. elg, AS. eolh, OHG. elaho, MHG. elch, cf. L. alces; perh. akin to E. eland.] (Zo\'94l.) A large deer, of several species. The European elk (Alces machlis or Cervus alces) is closely allied to the American moose. The American elk, or wapiti (Cervus Canadensis), is closely related to the European stag. See Moose, and Wapiti. Irish elk (Paleon.), a large, extinct, Quaternary deer (Cervus giganteus) with widely spreading antlers. Its remains have been found beneath the peat of swamps in Ireland and England. See Illustration in Appendix; also Illustration of Antler. -- Cape elk (Zo\'94l.), the eland. Elk, Elke Elk, Elke (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European wild or whistling swan (Cygnus ferus). Elknut Elk"nut` (?), n. (Bot.) The buffalo nut. See under Buffalo. Elkwood Elk"wood` (?), n. The soft, spongy wood of a species of Magnolia (M. Umbrella). Ell Ell (?), n. [AS. eln; akin to D. el, elle, G. elle, OHG. elina, Icel. alin, Dan. alen, Sw. aln, Goth. alenia, L. ulna elbow, ell, Gr. Elbow, Alnage.] A measure for cloth; -- now rarely used. It is of different lengths in different countries; the English ell being 45 inches, the Dutch or Flemish ell 27, the Scotch about 37. Ell Ell, n. (Arch.) See L. Ellachick El"la*chick (?), n. [Native Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) A fresh-water tortoise (Chelopus marmoratus) of California; -- used as food. Ellagic El*lag"ic (?), a. [F., fr. galle gall (with the letters reversed).] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, gallnuts or gallic acid; as, ellagic acid. Ellagic acid (Chem.), a white crystalline substance, C14H8O9, found in bezoar stones, and obtained by the oxidation of gallic acid. Ellebore El"le*bore (?), n. Hellebore. [Obs.] Chaucer. Elleborin El*leb"o*rin (?), n. See Helleborin. Elleck El"leck (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) The red gurnard or cuckoo fish. [Prov. Eng.] Ellenge, Ellinge, a., Ellengeness, Ellingeness El"lenge (?), El"linge (?), a., El"lenge*ness, El"linge*ness, n. See Elenge, Elengeness. [Obs.] Elles El"les (?), adv. & conj. See Else. [Obs.] Ellipse El*lipse" (?), n. [Gr. ellipse. See Ellipsis.] 1. (Geom.) An oval or oblong figure, bounded by a regular curve, which corresponds to an oblique projection of a circle, or an oblique section of a cone through its opposite sides. The greatest diameter of the ellipse is the major axis, and the least diameter is the minor axis. See Conic section, under Conic, and cf. Focus. 2. (Gram.) Omission. See Ellipsis. 3. The elliptical orbit of a planet. The Sun flies forward to his brother Sun; The dark Earth follows wheeled in her ellipse. Tennyson. Ellipsis El*lip"sis (?), n.; pl. Ellipses (#). [L., fr. Gr. In, and Loan, and cf. Ellipse.] 1. (Gram.) Omission; a figure of syntax, by which one or more words, which are obviously understood, are omitted; as, the virtues I admire, for, the virtues which I admire. 2. (Geom.) An ellipse. [Obs.] Ellipsograph El*lip"so*graph (?), n. [Ellipse + graph: cf. F. ellipsographe.] An instrument for describing ellipses; -- called also trammel. Ellipsoid El*lip"soid (?), n. [Ellipse + -oid: cf. F. ellipsoide.] (Geom.) A solid, all plane sections of which are ellipses or circles. See Conoid, n., 2 (a). NOTE: &hand; Th e el lipsoid has three principal plane sections, a, b, and c, each at right angles to the other two, and each dividing the solid into two equal and symmetrical parts. The lines of meeting of these principal sections are the axes, or principal diameters of the ellipsoid. The point where the three planes meet is the center. Ellipsoid of revolution, a spheroid; a solid figure generated by the revolution of an ellipse about one of its axes. It is called a prolate spheroid, or prolatum, when the ellipse is revolved about the major axis, and an oblate spheroid, or oblatum, when it is revolved about the minor axis. Ellipsoid, Ellipsoidal El*lip"soid (?), El`lip*soi"dal (?), a. Pertaining to, or shaped like, an ellipsoid; as, ellipsoid or ellipsoidal form. Elliptic, Elliptical El*lip"tic (?), El*lip"tic*al (?), a. [Gr. elliptique. See Ellipsis.] 1. Of or pertaining to an ellipse; having the form of an ellipse; oblong, with rounded ends. The planets move in elliptic orbits. Cheyne. 2. Having a part omitted; as, an elliptical phrase. Elliptic chuck. See under Chuck. -- Elliptic compasses, an instrument arranged for drawing ellipses. -- Elliptic function. (Math.) See Function. -- Elliptic integral. (Math.) See Integral. -- Elliptic polarization. See under Polarization. Elliptically El*lip"tic*al*ly, adv. 1. In the form of an ellipse. 2. With a part omitted; as, elliptically expressed. Ellipticity El`lip*tic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. ellipticit\'82.] Deviation of an ellipse or a spheroid from the form of a circle or a sphere; especially, in reference to the figure of the earth, the difference between the equatorial and polar semidiameters, divided by the equatorial; thus, the ellipticity of the earth is . NOTE: &hand; So me wr iters us e el lipticity as th e ratio of the difference of the two semiaxes to the minor axis, instead of the major. Nichol. Elliptic-lanceolate El*lip"tic-lan"ce*o*late (?), a. (Bot.) Having a form intermediate between elliptic and lanceolate. Elliptograph El*lip"to*graph (?), n. Same as Ellipsograph. Ellwand Ell"wand (?), n. Formerly, a measuring rod an ell long. Elm Elm (?), n. [AS. elm; akin to D. olm, OHG. elm, G. ulme, Icel. almr, Dan. & Sw. alm, L. ulmus, and E. alder. Cf. Old.] (Bot.) A tree of the genus Ulmus, of several species, much used as a shade tree, particularly in America. The English elm is Ulmus campestris; the common American or white elm is U. Americana; the slippery or red elm, U. fulva. Elm beetle (Zo\'94l.), one of several species of beetles (esp. Galeruca calmariensis), which feed on the leaves of the elm. -- Elm borer (Zo\'94l.), one of several species of beetles of which the larv\'91 bore into the wood or under the bark of the elm (esp. Saperda tridentata). -- Elm butterfly (Zo\'94l.), one of several species of butterflies, which, in the caterpillar state, feed on the leaves of the elm (esp. Vanessa antiopa and Grapta comma). See Comma butterfly, under Comma. -- Elm moth (Zo\'94l.), one of numerous species of moths of which the larv\'91 destroy the leaves of the elm (esp. Eugonia subsignaria, called elm spanworm). -- Elm sawfly (Zo\'94l.), a large sawfly (Cimbex Americana). The larva, which is white with a black dorsal stripe, feeds on the leaves of the elm. Elmen Elm"en (?), a. Belonging to elms. [Obs.] Elmo's fire El"mo's fire` (?). See Corposant; also Saint Elmo's Fire, under Saint. Elmy Elm"y (?), a. Abounding with elms. The simple spire and elmy grange. T. Warton. Elocation El`o*ca"tion (?), n. [Pref. e- + locate.] 1. A removal from the usual place of residence. [Obs.] 2. Departure from the usual state; an ecstasy. [Obs.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 481 Elocular E*loc"u*lar (?), a. [Pref. e- + locular.] Having but one cell, or cavity; not divided by a septum or partition. Elocution El`o*cu"tion (?), n. [L. elocutio, fr. eloqui, elocutus, to speak out: cf. F. \'82locution. See Eloquent.] 1. Utterance by speech. [R.] [Fruit] whose taste . . . Gave elocution to the mute, and taught The tongue not made for speech to speak thy praise. Milton. 2. Oratorical or expressive delivery, including the graces of intonation, gesture, etc.; style or manner of speaking or reading in public; as, clear, impressive elocution. "The elocution of a reader." Whately 3. Suitable and impressive writing or style; eloquent diction. [Obs.] To express these thoughts with elocution. Dryden. Elocutionary El`o*cu"tion*a*ry (?), a. Pertaining to elocution. Elocutionist El`o*cu"tion*ist, n. One who is versed in elocution; a teacher of elocution. Elocutive El"o*cu`tive (?), a. Pertaining to oratorical expression. [Obs.] Feltham. Elodian E*lo"di*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of a tribe of tortoises, including the terrapins, etc., in which the head and neck can be withdrawn. (?), n. [F. See Elogium.] A panegyrical funeral oration. Elogist El"o*gist (?), n. [F. \'82logiste.] One who pronounces an \'82loge. Elogium, Elogy E*lo"gi*um (?), El"o*gy (?), n. [L. elogium a short saying, an inscription, fr. Gr. .] The praise bestowed on a person or thing; panegyric; eulogy. Elohim E*lo"him (?), n. [Heb.] One of the principal names by which God is designated in the Hebrew Scriptures. Elohist E*lo"hist (?), n. The writer, or one of the writers, of the passages of the Old Testament, notably those of Elohim instead of Jehovah, as the name of the Supreme Being; -- distinguished from Jehovist. S. Davidson. Elohistic El`o*his"tic (?), a. Relating to Elohim as a name of God; -- said of passages in the Old Testament. Eloign E*loign" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eloigned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eloigning.] [F. \'82loigner, OF. esloignier; pref. es- (L. ex) + OF. & F. loin far, far off, L. longe, fr. longus long. See Elongate.] >[Written also eloin.] 1. To remove afar off; to withdraw. [Obs.] From worldly cares he did himself eloign. Spenser. 2. (Law) To convey to a distance, or beyond the jurisdiction, or to conceal, as goods liable to distress. The sheriff may return that the goods or beasts are eloigned. Blackstone. Eloignate E*loign"ate (?), v. t. To remove. [Obs.] Howell. Eloignment E*loign"ment (?), n. [F. \'82loignement.] Removal to a distance; withdrawal. [Obs.] Eloin E*loin" (?), v. t. See Eloign. Eloinate E*loin"ate (?), v. t. See Eloignate. Eloinment E*loin"ment (?), n. See Eloignment. Elong E*long" (?; 115), v. t. [See Eloign, Elongate.] 1. To lengthen out; to prolong. [Obs.] 2. To put away; to separate; to keep off. [Obs.] Wyatt. Elongate E*lon"gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elongated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Elongating.] [LL. elongatus, p. p. of elongare to remove, to prolong; e + L. longus long. See Long, a., and cf. Eloign.] 1. To lengthen; to extend; to stretch; as, to elongate a line. 2. To remove further off. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Elongate E*lon"gate, v. i. To depart to, or be at, a distance; esp., to recede apparently from the sun, as a planet in its orbit. [R.] Elongate E*lon"gate (?), a. [LL. elongatus.] Drawn out at length; elongated; as, an elongate leaf. "An elongate form." Earle. Elongation E`lon*ga"tion (?; 277), n. [LL. elongatio: cf. F. \'82longation.] 1. The act of lengthening, or the state of being lengthened; protraction; extension. "Elongation of the fibers." Arbuthnot. 2. That which lengthens out; continuation. May not the mountains of Westmoreland and Cumberland be considered as elongations of these two chains? Pinkerton. 3. Removal to a distance; withdrawal; a being at a distance; distance. The distant points in the celestial expanse appear to the eye in so small a degree of elongation from one another, as bears no proportion to what is real. Glanvill. 4. (Astron.) The angular distance of a planet from the sun; as, the elongation of Venus or Mercury. Elope E*lope" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Eloped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Eloping.] [D. ontloopen to run away; pref. ont- (akin to G. ent-, AS. and-, cf. E. answer) + loopen to run; akin to E. leap. See Leap, v. t.] To run away, or escape privately, from the place or station to which one is bound by duty; -- said especially of a woman or a man, either married or unmarried, who runs away with a paramour or a sweetheart. Great numbers of them [the women] have eloped from their allegiance. Addison. Elopement E*lope"ment (?), n. The act of eloping; secret departure; -- said of a woman and a man, one or both, who run away from their homes for marriage or for cohabitation. Eloper E*lop"er (?), n. One who elopes. Elops E"lops (?), n. [L. elops, helops, a kind of sea fish, Gr. 1. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of fishes. See Saury. 2. A mythical serpent. [Obs.] Milton. Eloquence El"o*quence (?), n. [F. \'82loquence, L. eloquentia, fr. eloquens. See Eloquent.] 1. Fluent, forcible, elegant, and persuasive speech in public; the power of expressing strong emotions in striking and appropriate language either spoken or written, thereby producing conviction or persuasion. Eloquence is speaking out . . . out of the abundance of the heart. Hare. 2. Fig.: Whatever produces the effect of moving and persuasive speech. Silence that spoke and eloquence of eyes. Pope. The hearts of men are their books; events are their tutors; great actions are their eloquence. Macaulay. 3. That which is eloquently uttered or written. O, let my books be then the eloquence And dumb presagers of my speaking breast. Shak. Syn. -- Oratory; rhetoric. Eloquent El"o*quent (?), a. [F. \'82loquent, L. eloquens, -entis, p. pr. of eloqui to speak out, declaim; e + loqui to speak. See Loquacious.] 1. Having the power of expressing strong emotions or forcible arguments in an elevated, impassioned, and effective manner; as, an eloquent orator or preacher. O Death, all-eloquent! You only prove What dust we dote on when 't is man we love. Pope. 2. Adapted to express strong emotion or to state facts arguments with fluency and power; as, an eloquent address or statement; an eloquent appeal to a jury. Eloquently El"o*quent*ly, adv. In an eloquent manner. Elrich OR Elritch El"rich (?) OR El"ritch, a. Ghastly; preternatural. Same as Eldritch. [Scot. & Local, Eng.] Else Else (?), a. & pron. [OE. & AS. elles otherwise, gen. sing. of an adj. signifying other; akin to OHG. elles otherwise, OSw. \'84ljes, Sw. eljest, Goth. aljis, adj., other, L. alius, Gr. Alias, Alien.] Other; one or something beside; as, Who else is coming? What else shall I give? Do you expect anything else? "Bastards and else." Shak. NOTE: &hand; This word always follows its noun. It is usual to give the possessive form to else rather than to the substantive; as, somebody else's; no one else's. "A boy who is fond of somebody else's pencil case." G. Eliot. "A suit of clothes like everybody else's." Thackeray. Else Else, adv. & conj. 1. Besides; except that mentioned; in addition; as, nowhere else; no one else. 2. Otherwise; in the other, or the contrary, case; if the facts were different. For thou desirest not sacrifice; else would I give it. Ps. li. 16. NOTE: &hand; Af ter \'bfor', else is sometimes used expletively, as simply noting an alternative. "Will you give thanks, . . . or else shall I?" Shak. Elsewhere Else"where` (?), adv. 1. In any other place; as, these trees are not to be found elsewhere. 2. In some other place; in other places, indefinitely; as, it is reported in town and elsewhere. Elsewhither Else"whith`er (?), adv. To some, or any, other place; as, you will have to go elsewhither for it. R. of Gloucester."For elsewhither was I bound." Carlyle. Elsewise Else"wise` (?), adv. Otherwise. [R.] Elsin El"sin (?), n. A shoemaker's awl. [Prov. Eng.] Elucidate E*lu"ci*date (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elucidated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Elucidating (?).] [LL. elucidatus, p. p. of elucidare; e + lucidus full of light, clear. See Lucid.] To make clear or manifest; to render more intelligible; to illustrate; as, an example will elucidate the subject. Elucidation E*lu`ci*da"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82lucidation.] A making clear; the act of elucidating or that which elucidates, as an explanation, an exposition, an illustration; as, one example may serve for further elucidation of the subject. Elucidative E*lu"ci*da`tive (?), a. Making clear; tending to elucidate; as, an elucidative note. Elucidator E*lu"ci*da`tor (?), n. One who explains or elucidates; an expositor. Elucidatory E*lu"ci*da*to*ry (?), a. Tending to elucidate; elucidative. [R.] Eluctate E*luc"tate (?), v. i. [L. eluctatus, p. p. of eluctari to struggle out; e + luctari to wrestle.] To struggle out; -- with out. [Obs.] Bp. Hacket. Eluctation E`luc*ta"tion (?), n. [L. eluctatio.] A struggling out of any difficulty. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Elucubrate E*lu"cu*brate (?), v. i. [L. elucubratus, p. p. of elucubrare to compose by lamplight.] See Lucubrate. [Obs.] Blount. Elucubration E*lu`cu*bra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82lucubration.] See Lucubration. [Obs.] Evelyn. Elude E*lude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eluded; p. pr. & vb. n. Eluding.] [L. eludere, elusum; e + ludere to play: cf. F. \'82luder. See Ludicrous.] To avoid slyly, by artifice, stratagem, or dexterity; to escape from in a covert manner; to mock by an unexpected escape; to baffle; as, to elude an officer; to elude detection, inquiry, search, comprehension; to elude the force of an argument or a blow. Me gentle Delia beckons from the plain, Then, hid in shades, eludes he eager swain. Pope. The transition from fetichism to polytheism seems a gradual process of which the stages elude close definition. Tylor. Syn. -- To evade; avoid; escape; shun; eschew; flee; mock; baffle; frustrate; foil. Eludible E*lud"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being eluded; evadible. Elul E"lul (?), n. [Heb.] The sixth month of the Jewish year, by the sacred reckoning, or the twelfth, by the civil reckoning, corresponding nearly to the month of September. Elumbated E*lum"ba*ted (?), a. [L. elumbis; e + lumbus loin.] Weak or lame in the loins. [Obs.] Elusion E*lu"sion (?), n. [LL. elusio, fr. L. eludere, elusum. See Elude.] Act of eluding; adroit escape, as by artifice; a mockery; a cheat; trickery. Elusive E*lu"sive (?), a. Tending to elude; using arts or deception to escape; adroitly escaping or evading; eluding the grasp; fallacious. Elusive of the bridal day, she gives Fond hopes to all, and all with hopes deceives. Pope. -- E*lu"sive*ly, adv. -- E*lu"sive*ness, n. Elusory E*lu"so*ry (?), a. [LL. elusorius.] Tending to elude or deceive; evasive; fraudulent; fallacious; deceitful; deceptive. -- E*lu"so*ri*ness (#), n. Elute E*lute" (?), v. t. [L. elutus, p. p. of eluers to elute; e + luere to wash.] To wash out. [R.] Arbuthnot. Elutriate E*lu"tri*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Elutriated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Elutriating (?).] [L. elutriatus, p. p. of elutriare.] To wash or strain out so as to purify; as, to elutriate the blood as it passes through the lungs; to strain off or decant, as a powder which is separated from heavier particles by being drawn off with water; to cleanse, as by washing. Elutriation E*lu`tri*a"tion (?), n. The process of elutriating; a decanting or racking off by means of water, as finer particles from heavier. Eluxate E*lux"ate (?), v. t. [Pref. e- + luxate.] To dislocate; to luxate. Eluxation E`lux*a"tion (?), n. Dislocation; luxation. Elvan Elv"an (?), a. 1. Pertaining to elves; elvish. 2. (Mining) Of or pertaining to certain veins of feldspathic or porphyritic rock crossing metalliferous veins in the mining districts of Cornwall; as, an elvan course. Elvan, Elvanite Elv"an, Elv"an*ite (?), n. The rock of an elvan vein, or the elvan vein itself; an elvan course. Elve Elve (?), n. An old form of Elf. Elver El"ver (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A young eel; a young conger or sea eel; -- called also elvene. Elves Elves (?), n.; pl. of Elf. Elvish Elv"ish (?), a. 1. Pertaining to elves; implike; mischievous; weird; also, vacant; absent in demeanor. See Elfish. He seemeth elvish by his countenance. Chaucer. 2. Mysterious; also, foolish. [Obs.] Elvishly Elv"ish*ly, adv. In an elvish manner. Sir W. Scott. Elwand El"wand (?), n. [Obs.] See Ellwand. Elysian E*ly"sian (?), a. [L. Elysius, fr. Elysium.] Pertaining, or the abode of the blessed after death; hence, yielding the highest pleasures; exceedingly delightful; beatific. "Elysian shades." Massinger. "Elysian age." Beattie. This life of mortal breath Is but a suburb of the life elysian. Longfellow. Elysium E*ly"sium (?), n.; pl. E. Elysiums (#), L. Elysia (#). [L., fr. Gr. (Anc. Myth.) 1. A dwelling place assigned to happy souls after death; the seat of future happiness; Paradise. 2. Hence, any delightful place. An Elysian more pure and bright than that pf the Greeks. I. Taylor. Elytriform E*lyt"ri*form (?), a. [Elytrum + -form.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the form, or structure, of an elytron. Elytrin El"y*trin (?), n. [From Elytrum.] (Chem.) See Chitin. Elytroid El"y*troid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Resembling a beetle's wing case. Elytron; 277, Elytrum El"y*tron (?; 277), El"y*trum (-tr n.; pl. Elytra (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the anterior pair of wings in the Coleoptera and some other insects, when they are thick and serve only as a protection for the posterior pair. See Coleoptera. (b) One of the shieldlike dorsal scales of certain annelids. See Ch\'91topoda. Elzevir El"ze*vir (?), a. (Bibliog.) Applied to books or editions (esp. of the Greek New Testament and the classics) printed and published by the Elzevir family at Amsterdam, Leyden, etc., from about 1592 to 1680; also, applied to a round open type introduced by them. The Elzevir editions are valued for their neatness, and the elegant small types used. Brande & C. 'Em 'Em (?). An obsolete or colloquial contraction of the old form hem, them. Addison. Em Em (?), n. (Print.) The portion of a line formerly occupied by the letter m, then a square type, used as a unit by which to measure the amount of printed matter on a page; the square of the body of a type. Em- Em-. A prefix. See En-. Emacerate E*mac"er*ate (?), v. t. & i. [L. emaceratus emaciated; e + macerare to make soft.] To make lean or to become lean; to emaciate. [Obs.] Bullokar. Emaceration E*mac`er*a"tion (?), n. Emaciation. [Obs.] Emaciate E*ma"ci*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Emaciated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emaciating.] [L. emaciatus, p. p. of emaciare to make lean; e + maciare to make lean or meager, fr. macies leanness, akin to macer lean. See Meager.] To lose flesh gradually and become very lean; to waste away in flesh. "He emaciated and pined away." Sir T. Browne. Emaciate E*ma"ci*ate, v. t. To cause to waste away in flesh and become very lean; as, his sickness emaciated him. Emaciate E*ma"ci*ate (?), a. [L. emaciatus, p. p.] Emaciated. "Emaciate steeds." T. Warton. Emaciation E*ma`ci*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82maciation.] 1. The act of making very lean. 2. The state of being emaciated or reduced to excessive leanness; an excessively lean condition. Emaculate E*mac"u*late (?), v. t. [L. emaculatus, p. p. of emaculare to clear from spots. See Maculate.] To clear from spots or stains, or from any imperfection. [Obs.] Hales. Emaculation E*mac`u*la"tion (?), n. The act of clearing from spots. [Obs.] Johnson. \'92mail ombrant \'92`mail` om`brant" (?). [F., shaded enamel.] (Fine Arts) An art or process of flooding transparent colored glaze over designs stamped or molded on earthenware or porcelain. Ure. Emanant Em"a*nant (?), a. [L. emanans, -antis, p. pr. of emanare. See Emanate.] Issuing or flowing forth; emanating; passing forth into an act, or making itself apparent by an effect; -- said of mental acts; as, an emanant volition. Emanate Em"a*nate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Emanated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emanating.] [L. emanare, emanatum, to emanate; e out + manare to flow, prob. for madnare, and akin to madere to be wet, drip, madidus wet, drenched, drunk, Gr. mad to boil, matta drunk. Cf. Emane.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 482 1. To issue forth from a source; to flow out from more or less constantly; as, fragrance emanates from flowers. 2. To proceed from, as a source or fountain; to take origin; to arise, to originate. That subsisting from of government from which all special laws emanate. De Quincey. Syn. -- To flow; arise; proceed; issue; originate. Emanate Em"a*nate (?), a. Issuing forth; emanant. [R.] Emanation Em`a*na"tion (?), n. [L. emanatio: cf. F. \'82manation.] 1. The act of flowing or proceeding from a fountain head or origin. South. Those profitable and excellent emanations from God. Jer. Taylor. 2. That which issues, flows, or proceeds from any object as a source; efflux; an effluence; as, perfume is an emanation from a flower. An emanation of the indwelling life. Bryant. Emanative Em"a*na*tive (?), a. Issuing forth; effluent. Emanatively Em"a*na*tive*ly, adv. By an emanation. Emanatory Em"a*na*to*ry (?), a. Emanative; of the nature of an emanation. Dr. H. More. Emancipate E*man"ci*pate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emancipated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emancipating.] [L. emancipatus, p. p. of emancipare to emancipate; e + mancipare to transfer ownership in, fr. manceps purchaser, as being one who laid his hand on the thing bought; manus hand + capere to take. See Manual, and Capable.] To set free from the power of another; to liberate; as: (a) To set free, as a minor from a parent; as, a father may emancipate a child. (b) To set free from bondage; to give freedom to; to manumit; as, to emancipate a slave, or a country. Brasidas . . . declaring that he was sent to emancipate Hellas. Jowett (Thucyd. ). (c) To free from any controlling influence, especially from anything which exerts undue or evil influence; as, to emancipate one from prejudices or error. From how many troublesome and slavish impertinences . . . he had emancipated and freed himself. Evelyn. To emancipate the human conscience. A. W. Ward. Emancipate E*man"ci*pate (?), a. [L. emancipatus, p. p.] Set at liberty. Emancipation E*man`ci*pa"tion (?), n. [L. emancipatio: cf. F. \'82mancipation.] The act of setting free from the power of another, from slavery, subjection, dependence, or controlling influence; also, the state of being thus set free; liberation; as, the emancipation of slaves; the emancipation of minors; the emancipation of a person from prejudices; the emancipation of the mind from superstition; the emancipation of a nation from tyranny or subjection. Syn. -- Deliverance; liberation; release; freedom; manumission; enfranchisement. Emancipationist E*man`ci*pa"tion*ist, n. An advocate of emancipation, esp. the emancipation of slaves. Emancipator E*man"ci*pa`tor (?), n. [L.] One who emancipates. Emancipatory E*man"ci*pa*to*ry (?), a. Pertaining to emancipation, or tending to effect emancipation. "Emancipatory laws." G. Eliot. Emancipist E*man"ci*pist (?), n. A freed convict. [Australia] Emarginate E*mar"gi*nate (?), v. t. [L. emarginare; e out + marginare to furnish with a margin, fr. margo margin.] To take away the margin of. Emarginate, Emarginated E*mar"gi*nate (?), E*mar"gi*na`ted (?), a. 1. Having the margin interrupted by a notch or shallow sinus. 2. (Bot.) Notched at the summit. 3. (Cryst.) Having the edges truncated. Emarginately E*mar"gi*nate*ly, adv. In an emarginate manner. Emargination E*mar`gi*na"tion (?), n. The act of notching or indenting the margin, or the state of being so notched; also, a notch or shallow sinus in a margin. Emasculate E*mas"cu*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emasculated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emasculating (?).] [L. emasculare; e + masculus male, masculine. See Male masculine.] 1. To deprive of virile or procreative power; to castrate power; to castrate; to geld. 2. To deprive of masculine vigor or spirit; to weaken; to render effeminate; to vitiate by unmanly softness. Luxury had not emasculated their minds. V. Knox. Emasculate E*mas"cu*late (?), a. Deprived of virility or vigor; unmanned; weak. "Emasculate slave." Hammond. Emasculation E*mas`cu*la"tion (?), n. 1. The act of depriving of virility, or the state of being so deprived; castration. 2. The act of depriving, or state of being deprived, of vigor or strength; unmanly weakness. Emasculator E*mas"cu*la`tor (?), n. [L.] One who, or that which, emasculates. Emasculatory E*mas"cu*la*to*ry (?), a. Serving or tending to emasculate. Embace Em*bace" (?), v. t. See Embase. [Obs.] Embale Em*bale" (?), v. t. [F. emballer; pref. em- (L. in) + balle bale. See 1st Bale.] [Obs.] 1. To make up into a bale or pack. Johnson. 2. To bind up; to inclose. Legs . . . embaled in golden buskins. Spenser. Emball Em*ball" (?), v. t. [See Embale.] To encircle or embrace. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. Embalm Em*balm" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embalmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embalming.] [F. embaumer; pref. em- (L. in) + baume balm. See Balm.] 1. To anoint all over with balm; especially, to preserve from decay by means of balm or other aromatic oils, or spices; to fill or impregnate (a dead body), with aromatics and drugs that it may resist putrefaction. Joseph commanded his servants, the physicians, to embalm embalmed Israel. Gem. l. 2. 2. To fill or imbue with sweet odor; to perfume. With fresh dews embalmed the earth. Milton. 3. To preserve from decay or oblivion as if with balm; to perpetuate in remembrance. Those tears eternal that embalm the dead. Pope. Embalmer Em*balm"er (?), n. One who embalms. Embalmment Em*balm"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. embaumement.] The act of embalming. [R.] Malone. Embank Em*bank" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embanked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embanking.] [Pref. em- + bank. Cf. Imbank.] To throw up a bank so as to confine or to defend; to protect by a bank of earth or stone. Embankment Em*bank"ment (?), n. 1. The act of surrounding or defending with a bank. 2. A structure of earth, gravel, etc., raised to prevent water from overflowing a level tract of country, to retain water in a reservoir, or to carry a roadway, etc. Embar Em*bar" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embarred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embanking.] [Pref. em- + bar: cf. F. embarrer. Cf. Embargo.] 1. To bar or shut in; to inclose securely, as with bars. Where fast embarred in mighty brazen wall. Spenser. 2. To stop; to hinder by prohibition; to block up. He embarred all further trade. Bacon. Embarcation Em`bar*ca"tion (?), n. Same as Embarkation. Embarge Em*barge" (?), v. t. To put in a barge. [Poetic] Drayton. Embargo Em*bar"go (?), n.; pl. Embargoes (#). [Sp., fr. embargar to arrest, restrain; pref. em- (L. in) + Sp. barra bar, akin to F. barre bar. See Bar.] An edict or order of the government prohibiting the departure of ships of commerce from some or all of the ports within its dominions; a prohibition to sail. NOTE: &hand; If th e em bargo is la id on an enemy's ships, it is called a hostile embargo; if on the ships belonging to citizens of the embargoing state, it is called a civil embargo. Embargo Em*bar"go, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embargoed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embargoing.] To lay an embargo on and thus detain; to prohibit from leaving port; -- said of ships, also of commerce and goods. Embark Em*bark" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embarked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embarking.] [F. embarquer; pref. em- (L. in) + barque bark: cf. Sp. embarcar, It. imbarcare. See Bark. a vessel.] 1. To cause to go on board a vessel or boat; to put on shipboard. 2. To engage, enlist, or invest (as persons, money, etc.) in any affair; as, he embarked his fortune in trade. It was the reputation of the sect upon which St. Paul embarked his salvation. South. Embark Em*bark", v. i. 1. To go on board a vessel or a boat for a voyage; as, the troops embarked for Lisbon. 2. To engage in any affair. Slow to embark in such an undertaking. Macaulay. Embarkation Em`bar*ka"tion (?), n. 1. The act of putting or going on board of a vessel; as, the embarkation of troops. 2. That which is embarked; as, an embarkation of Jesuits. Smollett. Embarkment Em*bark"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. embarquement.] Embarkation. [R.] Middleton. Embarrass Em*bar"rass (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embarrassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embarrassing.] [F. embarrasser (cf. Sp. embarazar, Pg. embara, Pr. barras bar); pref. em- (L. in) + LL. barra bar. See Bar.] 1. To hinder from freedom of thought, speech, or action by something which impedes or confuses mental action; to perplex; to discompose; to disconcert; as, laughter may embarrass an orator. 2. To hinder from liberty of movement; to impede; to obstruct; as, business is embarrassed; public affairs are embarrassed. 3. (Com.) To involve in difficulties concerning money matters; to incumber with debt; to beset with urgent claims or demands; -- said of a person or his affairs; as, a man or his business is embarrassed when he can not meet his pecuniary engagements. Syn. -- To hinder; perplex; entangle; confuse; puzzle; disconcert; abash; distress. -- To Embarrass, Puzzle, Perplex. We are puzzled when our faculties are confused by something we do not understand. We are perplexed when our feelings, as well as judgment, are so affected that we know not how to decide or act. We are embarrassed when there is some bar or hindrance upon us which impedes our powers of thought, speech, or motion. A schoolboy is puzzled by a difficult sum; a reasoner is perplexed by the subtleties of his opponent; a youth is sometimes so embarrassed before strangers as to lose his presence of mind. Embarrass Em*bar"rass, n. [F. embarras. See Embarrass, v. t.] Embarrassment. [Obs.] Bp. Warburton. Embarrassment Em*bar"rass*ment (?), n. [F. embarrassement.] 1. A state of being embarrassed; perplexity; impediment to freedom of action; entanglement; hindrance; confusion or discomposure of mind, as from not knowing what to do or to say; disconcertedness. The embarrassment which inexperienced minds have often to express themselves upon paper. W. Irving. The embarrassments tom commerce growing out of the late regulations. Bancroft. 2. Difficulty or perplexity arising from the want of money to pay debts. Embase Em*base" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + base, a. or v. t.: cf. OF. embaissier.] To bring down or lower, as in position, value, etc.; to debase; to degrade; to deteriorate. [Obs.] Embased the valleys, and embossed the hills. Sylvester. Alloy in coin of gold . . . may make the metal work the better, but it embaseth it. Bacon. Such pitiful embellishments of speech as serve for nothing but to embase divinity. South. Embasement Em*base"ment (?), n. [From Embase, v. t.] Act of bringing down; depravation; deterioration. South. Embassade Em"bas*sade (?), n. [F. ambassade. See Embassy.] An embassy. See Ambassade. [Obs.] Shak. Embassador Em*bas"sa*dor (?), n. [F. ambassadeur, Sp. embajador, LL. ambassiator, ambasciator. See Embassy, and cf. Ambassador.] Same as Ambassador. Stilbon, that was a wise embassadour, Was sent to Corinth. Chaucer. Myself my king's embassador will go. Dryden. Embassadorial Em*bas`sa*do"ri*al (?), a. [Cf. F. ambassadorial.] Same as Ambassadorial. Embassadress Em*bas"sa*dress (?), n. [Cf. F. ambassadrice.] Same as Ambassadress. Embassadry Em*bas"sa*dry (?), n. [Cf. OF. ambassaderie.] Embassy. [Obs.] Leland. Embassage Em"bas*sage (?; 48), n. 1. An embassy. "He sent a solemn embassage." Bacon. Except your embassages have better success. Motley. 2. Message; errand. Shak. Embassy Em"bas*sy (?), n.; pl. Embassies (#). [OF. ambass\'82e, embasc\'82e, LL. ambasciata, fr. ambasciare for ambactiare to go on a mission, fr. L. ambactus vassal, dependent, of Celtic or German origin; cf. W. amaeth husbandman, Goth. andbahts servant, G. amt office, OHG. ambaht. Cf. Ambassador.] 1. The public function of an ambassador; the charge or business intrusted to an ambassador or to envoys; a public message to; foreign court concerning state affairs; hence, any solemn message. He sends the angels on embassies with his decrees. Jer. Taylor. 2. The person or persons sent as ambassadors or envoys; the ambassador and his suite; envoys. 3. The residence or office of an ambassador. NOTE: &hand; Sometimes, but rarely, spelled ambassy. Embastardize Em*bas"tard*ize (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + bastardize.] To bastardize. [Obs.] Embathe Em*bathe" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + bathe. Cf. Imbathe.] To bathe; to imbathe. Embattail Em*bat"tail (?), v. t. [See Embattle.] To furnish with battlements; to fortify as with battlements. [Archaic] To embattail and to wall about thy cause With iron-worded proof. Tennyson. Embattle Em*bat"tle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embattled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embattling (?).] [OF. embataillier; pref. em- (L. in) + F. bataille battle. See Battle, and cf. Battlement.] To arrange in order of battle; to array for battle; also, to prepare or arm for battle; to equip as for battle. One in bright arms embattled full strong. Spenser. Here once the embattled farmers stood And fired the shot heard round the world. Emerson. Embattle Em*bat"tle, v. i. To be arrayed for battle. [Obs.] Embattle Em*bat"tle, v. t. [See Battlement.] To furnish with battlements. "Embattled house." Wordsworth. Embattled Em*bat"tled (?), a. 1. Having indentations like a battlement. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. (Her.) Having the edge broken like battlements; -- said of a bearing such as a fess, bend, or the like. 3. Having been the place of battle; as, an embattled plain or field. J. Baillie. Embattlement Em*bat"tle*ment (?), n. 1. An intended parapet; a battlement. 2. The fortifying of a building or a wall by means of battlements. Embay Em*bay" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + bay to bathe.] To bathe; to soothe or lull as by bathing. [Obs.] Spenser. Embay Em*bay", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embaying.] [Pref. em- + 1st bay.] To shut in, or shelter, as in a bay. If that the Turkish fleet Be not ensheltered and embayed, they are drowned. Shak. Embayment Em*bay"ment (?), n. A bay. [R.] The embayment which is terminated by the land of North Berwick. Sir W. Scott. Embeam Em*beam" (?), v. t. To make brilliant with beams. [R.] G. Fletcher. Embed Em*bed" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embedded; p. pr. & vb. n. Embedding.] [Pref. em- + bed. Cf. Imbed.] To lay as in a bed; to lay in surrounding matter; to bed; as, to embed a thing in clay, mortar, or sand. Embedment Em*bed"ment (?), n. The act of embedding, or the state of being embedded. Embellish Em*bel"lish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embellished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embellishing.] [OE. embelisen, embelisshen, F. embellir; pref. em- (L. in) + bel, beau, beautiful. See Beauty.] To make beautiful or elegant by ornaments; to decorate; to adorn; as, to embellish a book with pictures, a garden with shrubs and flowers, a narrative with striking anecdotes, or style with metaphors. Syn. -- To adorn; beautify; deck; bedeck; decorate; garnish; enrich; ornament; illustrate. See Adorn. Embellisher Em*bel"lish*er (?), n. One who embellishes. Embellishment Em*bel"lish*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. embellissement.] 1. The act of adorning, or the state of being adorned; adornment. In the selection of their ground, as well as in the embellishment of it. Prescott. 2. That which adds beauty or elegance; ornament; decoration; as, pictorial embellishments. The graces and embellishments of the exterior man. I. Taylor. Ember Em"ber (?), n. [OE. emmeres, emeres, AS. ; akin to Icel. eimyrja, Dan. emmer, MHG. eimere; cf. Icel. eimr vapor, smoke.] A lighted coal, smoldering amid ashes; -- used chiefly in the plural, to signify mingled coals and ashes; the smoldering remains of a fire. "He rakes hot embers." Dryden. He takes a lighted ember out of the covered vessel. Colebrooke. Ember Em"ber, a. [OE. ymber, AS. ymbren, ymbryne, prop., running around, circuit; ymbe around + ryne a running, fr. rinnan to run. See Amb-, and Run.] Making a circuit of the year of the seasons; recurring in each quarter of the year; as, ember fasts. _________________________________________________________________ Page 483 Ember days (R. C. & Eng. Ch.), days set apart for fasting and prayer in each of the four seasons of the year. The Council of Placentia [A. D. 1095] appointed for ember days the Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday after the first Sunday in Lent, Whitsuntide, the 14th of September, and the 13th of December. The weeks in which these days fall are called ember weeks. Ember-goose Em"ber-goose` (?), n. [Cf. Norw. ember, hav-imber, hav-immer, Icel. himbrin, himbrimi.] (Zo\'94l.) The loon or great northern diver. See Loon. [Written also emmer-goose and imber-goose.] Emberings Em"ber*ings (?), n. pl. Ember days. [Obs.] Embetter Em*bet"ter (?), v. t. To make better. [Obs.] Embezzle Em*bez"zle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embezzled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embezzling (?).] [Norm. F. embeseiller to destroy; cf. OF. besillier to ill treat, ravage, destroy. Cf. Bezzle.] 1. To appropriate fraudulently to one's own use, as property intrusted to one's care; to apply to one's private uses by a breach of trust; as, to embezzle money held in trust. 2. To misappropriate; to waste; to dissipate in extravagance. [Obs.] To embezzle our money in drinking or gaming. Sharp. Embezzlement Em*bez"zle*ment (?), n. The fraudulent appropriation of property by a person to whom it has been intrusted; as, the embezzlement by a clerk of his employer's; embezzlement of public funds by the public officer having them in charge. NOTE: &hand; La rceny de notes a taking, by fraud or stealth, from another's possession; embezzlement denotes an appropriation, by fraud or stealth, of property already in the wrongdoer's possession. In England and in most of the United States embezzlement is made indictable by statute. Embezzler Em*bez"zler (?), n. One who embezzles. Embillow Em*bil"low (?), v. i. To swell or heave like a [R.] Lisle. Embiotocoid Em`bi*ot"o*coid (?), a. [NL. Embiotoca, the name of one genus + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to, or resembling, the Embiotocid\'91. -- n. One of a family of fishes (Embiotocid\'91) abundant on the coast of California, remarkable for being viviparous; -- also called surf fishes and viviparous fishes. See Illust. in Append. Embitter Em*bit"ter (?), v. t. To make bitter or sad. See Imbitter. Embitterment Em*bit"ter*ment (?), n. The act of embittering; also, that which embitters. Emblanch Em*blanch" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + 1st blanch.] To whiten. See Blanch. [Obs.] Heylin. Emblaze Em*blaze" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emblazed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emblazing.] [Pref. em- + 1st blaze.] 1. To adorn with glittering embellishments. No weeping orphan saw his father's stores Our shrines irradiate, or emblaze the floors. Pope. 2. To paint or adorn with armorial figures; to blazon, or emblazon. [Archaic] The imperial ensign, . . . streaming to the wind, With gems and golden luster rich emblazed. Milton. Emblazon Em*bla"zon (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emblazoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emblazoning.] [Pref. em- + blazon. Cf. Emblaze.] 1. To depict or represent; -- said of heraldic bearings. See Blazon. 2. To deck in glaring colors; to set off conspicuously; to display pompously; to decorate. The walls were . . . emblazoned with legends in commemoration of the illustrious pair. Prescott. Emblazoner Em*bla"zon*er (?), n. One who emblazons; also, one who publishes and displays anything with pomp. Emblazoning Em*bla"zon*ing, n. The act or art of heraldic decoration; delineation of armorial bearings. Emblazonment Em*bla"zon*ment (?), n. An emblazoning. Emblazonry Em*bla"zon*ry (?), n.; pl. Emblazonries (. The act or art of an emblazoner; heraldic or ornamental decoration, as pictures or figures on shields, standards, etc.; emblazonment. Thine ancient standard's rich emblazonry. Trench. Emblem Em"blem (?), n. [F. embl\'8ame, L. emblema, -atis, that which is put in or on, inlaid work, fr. Gr. In, and Parable.] 1. Inlay; inlaid or mosaic work; something ornamental inserted in a surface. [Obs.] Milton. 2. A visible sign of an idea; an object, or the figure of an object, symbolizing and suggesting another object, or an idea, by natural aptness or by association; a figurative representation; a typical designation; a symbol; as, a balance is an emblem of justice; a scepter, the emblem of sovereignty or power; a circle, the emblem of eternity. "His cicatrice, an emblem of war, here on his sinister cheek." Shak. 3. A picture accompanied with a motto, a set of verse, or the like, intended as a moral lesson or meditation. NOTE: &hand; Wr iters an d ar tists of th e 17th century gave much attention and study to the composition of such emblems, and many collections of them were published. Syn. -- Sign; symbol; type; device; signal; token. -- Sign, Emblem, Symbol, Type. Sign is the generic word comprehending all significant representations. An emblem is a visible object representing another by a natural suggestion of characteristic qualities, or an habitual and recognized association; as, a circle, having no apparent beginning or end, is an emblem of eternity; a particular flag is the emblem of the country or ship which has adopted it for a sign and with which it is habitually associated. Between emblem and symbol the distinction is slight, and often one may be substituted for the other without impropriety. See Symbol. Thus, a circle is either an emblem or a symbol of eternity; a scepter, either an emblem or a symbol of authority; a lamb, either an emblem or a symbol of meekness. "An emblem is always of something simple; a symbol may be of something complex, as of a transaction . . . In consequence we do not speak of actions emblematic." C. J. Smith. A type is a representative example, or model, exhibiting the qualities common to all individuals of the class to which it belongs; as, the Monitor is a type of a class of war vessels. Emblem Em"blem (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emblemed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embleming.] To represent by an emblem; to symbolize. [R.] Emblemed by the cozening fig tree. Feltham. Emblematic, Emblematical Em`blem*at"ic (?), Em`blem*at"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. embl\'82matique.] Pertaining to, containing, or consisting in, an emblem; symbolic; typically representative; representing as an emblem; as, emblematic language or ornaments; a crown is emblematic of royalty; white is emblematic of purity. -- Em`blem*at"ic*al*ly, adv. Emblematiccize Em`blem*at"ic*cize (?), v. t. To render emblematic; as, to emblematicize a picture. [R.] Walpole. Emblematist Em*blem"a*tist (?), n. A writer or inventor of emblems. Sir T. Browne. Emblematize Em*blem"a*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emblematized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emblematizing (?).] To represent by, or as by, an emblem; to symbolize. Anciently the sun was commonly emblematized by a starry or radiate figure. Bp. Hurd. Emblement Em"ble*ment (?), n. [OF. embleer to sow with corn, F. emblaver, fr. LL. imbladare; pref. in- + LL. bladum grain, F. bl\'82.] (Law) The growing crop, or profits of a crop which has been sown or planted; -- used especially in the plural. The produce of grass, trees, and the like, is not emblement. Wharton's Law Dict. Emblemize Em"blem*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emblemized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emblemizing (?).] To represent by an emblem; to emblematize. [R.] Embloom Em*bloom" (?), v. t. To emblossom. Savage. Emblossom Em*blos"som (?), v. t. To cover or adorn with blossoms. On the white emblossomed spray. J. Cunningham. Embodier Em*bod"i*er (?), n. One who embodies. Embodiment Em*bod"i*ment (?), n. 1. The act of embodying; the state of being embodied. 2. That which embodies or is embodied; representation in a physical body; a completely organized system, like the body; as, the embodiment of courage, or of courtesy; the embodiment of true piety. Embody Em*bod"y (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embodied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embodying.] To form into a body; to invest with a body; to collect into a body, a united mass, or a whole; to incorporate; as, to embody one's ideas in a treatise. [Written also imbody.] Devils embodied and disembodied. Sir W. Scott. The soul, while it is embodied, can no more be divided from sin. South. Embody Em*bod"y, v. i. To unite in a body, a mass, or a collection; to coalesce. [Written also imbody.] Firmly to embody against this court party. Burke. Embogue Em*bogue" (?), v. i. [See Disembogue.] To disembogue; to discharge, as a river, its waters into the sea or another river. [R.] Emboguing Em*bo"guing (?), n. The mouth of a river, or place where its waters are discharged. [R.] Emboil Em*boil" (?), v. i. To boil with anger; to effervesce. [Obs.] Spenser. Emboil Em*boil", v. t. To cause to boil with anger; to irritate; to chafe. [Obs.] Spenser. Embo\'8ctement Em`bo\'8cte"ment` (?), n. [F., fr. embo\'8cter to fit in, insert; en in + bo\'8cte box.] (Biol.) The hypothesis that all living things proceed from pre\'89xisting germs, and that these encase the germs of all future living things, inclosed one within another. Buffon. Embolden Em*bold"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emboldened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emboldening (?).] To give boldness or courage to; to encourage. Shak. The self-conceit which emboldened him to undertake this dangerous office. Sir W. Scott. Emboldener Em*bold"en*er (?), n. One who emboldens. Embolic Em*bol"ic (?), a. [Gr. Embolism.] 1. Embolismic. 2. (Med.) Pertaining to an embolism; produced by an embolism; as, an embolic abscess. 3. (Biol.) Pushing or growing in; -- said of a kind of invagination. See under Invagination. Embolism Em"bo*lism (?), n. [L. embolismus, from Gr. embolisme. See Emblem.] 1. Intercalation; the insertion of days, months, or years, in an account of time, to produce regularity; as, the embolism of a lunar month in the Greek year. 2. Intercalated time. Johnson. 3. (Med.) The occlusion of a blood vessel by an embolus. Embolism in the brain often produces sudden unconsciousness and paralysis. Embolismal Em`bo*lis"mal (?), a. Pertaining to embolism; intercalary; as, embolismal months. Embolismatic, Embolismatical Em`bo*lis*mat"ic (?), Em`bo*lis*mat"ic*al (?), a. Embolismic. Embolismic, Embolismical Em`bo*lis"mic (?), Em`bo*lis"mic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. embolismique.] Pertaining to embolism or intercalation; intercalated; as, an embolismic year, i. e., the year in which there is intercalation. Embolite Em"bo*lite (?), n. [From Gr. (Min.) A mineral consisting of both the chloride and the bromide of silver. Embolus Em"bo*lus (?), n.; pl. Emboli (#). [L., fr. Gr. Emblem.] 1. Something inserted, as a wedge; the piston or sucker of a pump or syringe. 2. (Med.) A plug of some substance lodged in a blood vessel, being brought thither by the blood current. It consists most frequently of a clot of fibrin, a detached shred of a morbid growth, a globule of fat, or a microscopic organism. Emboly Em"bo*ly (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) Embolic invagination. See under Invagination. Embonpoint Em`bon`point" (?), n. [F., fr. en bon point in good condition. See Bon, and Point.] Plumpness of person; -- said especially of persons somewhat corpulent. Emborder Em*bor"der (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + border: cf. OF. emborder.] To furnish or adorn with a border; to imborder. Embosom Em*bos"om (?), v. t. [Written also imbosom.] 1. To take into, or place in, the bosom; to cherish; to foster. Glad to embosom his affection. Spenser. 2. To inclose or surround; to shelter closely; to place in the midst of something. His house embosomed in the grove. Pope. Some tender flower . . . . Embosomed in the greenest glade. Keble. Emboss Em*boss" (?; 115), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embossed (?; 115); p. pr. & vb. n. Embossing.] [Pref. em- (L. in) + boss: cf. OF. embosser to swell in bunches.] 1. To arise the surface of into bosses or protuberances; particularly, to ornament with raised work. Botches and blains must all his flesh emboss. Milton. 2. To raise in relief from a surface, as an ornament, a head on a coin, or the like. Then o'er the lofty gate his art embossed Androgeo's death. Dryden. Exhibiting flowers in their natural color embossed upon a purple ground. Sir W. Scott. Emboss Em*boss", v. t. [Etymology uncertain.] To make to foam at the mouth, like a hunted animal. [Obs.] Emboss Em*boss", v. t. [Cf. Pr. & Sp. emboscar, It. imboscare, F. embusquer, and E. imbosk.] 1. To hide or conceal in a thicket; to imbosk; to inclose, shelter, or shroud in a wood. [Obs.] In the Arabian woods embossed. Milton. 2. To surround; to ensheath; to immerse; to beset. A knight her met in mighty arms embossed. Spenser. Emboss Em*boss", v. i. To seek the bushy forest; to hide in the woods. [Obs.] S. Butler. Embossed Em*bossed" (?; 115), a. 1. Formed or covered with bosses or raised figures. 2. Having a part projecting like the boss of a shield. 3. Swollen; protuberant. [Obs.] "An embossed carbuncle." Shak. Embosser Em*boss"er (?; 115), n. One who embosses. Embossment Em*boss"ment (?), n. 1. The act of forming bosses or raised figures, or the state of being so formed. 2. A bosslike prominence; figure in relief; raised work; jut; protuberance; esp., a combination of raised surfaces having a decorative effect. "The embossment of the figure." Addison. Embottle Em*bot"tle (?), v. t. To bottle. [R.] Phillips. Embouchure Em`bou`chure" (?), n. [F., fr. emboucher to put to the mouth; pref. em- (L. in) + bouche the mouth. Cf. Embouge, Debouch.] 1. The mouth of a river; also, the mouth of a cannon. 2. (Mus.) (a) The mouthpiece of a wind instrument. (b) The shaping of the lips to the mouthpiece; as, a flute player has a good embouchure. Embow Em*bow" (?), v. t. To bend like a bow; to curve. "Embowed arches." [Obs. or R.] Sir W. Scott. With gilded horns embowed like the moon. Spenser. Embowel Em*bow"el (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emboweled (?) or Embowelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Emboweling or Embowelling.] 1. To disembowel. The barbarous practice of emboweling. Hallam. The boar . . . makes his trough In your emboweled bosoms. Shak. NOTE: &hand; Disembowel is the preferable word in this sense. 2. To imbed; to hide in the inward parts; to bury. Or deep emboweled in the earth entire. Spenser. Emboweler Em*bow"el*er (?), n. One who takes out the bowels. [Written also emboweller.] Embowelment Em*bow"el*ment (?), n. Disembowelment. Embower Em*bow"er (?), v. t. To cover with a bower; to shelter with trees. [Written also imbower.] [Poetic] Milton. -- v. i. To lodge or rest in a bower. [Poetic] "In their wide boughs embow'ring. " Spenser. Embowl Em*bowl" (?), v. t. To form like a bowl; to give a globular shape to. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. Embox Em*box" (?), v. t. To inclose, as in a box; to imbox. Emboyssement Em*boysse"ment (?), n. [See Embushment.] An ambush. [Obs.] Chaucer. Embrace Em*brace" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (intens.) + brace, v. t.] To fasten on, as armor. [Obs.] Spenser. Embrace Em*brace", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embraced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embracing (?).] [OE. embracier, F. embrasser; pref. em- (L. in) + F. bras arm. See Brace, n.] 1. To clasp in the arms with affection; to take in the arms; to hug. I will embrace him with a soldier's arm, That he shall shrink under my courtesy. Shak. Paul called unto him the disciples, and embraced them. Acts xx. 1. 2. To cling to; to cherish; to love. Shak. 3. To seize eagerly, or with alacrity; to accept with cordiality; to welcome. "I embrace these conditions." "You embrace the occasion." Shak. What is there that he may not embrace for truth? Locke. 4. To encircle; to encompass; to inclose. Low at his feet a spacious plain is placed, Between the mountain and the stream embraced. Denham. 5. To include as parts of a whole; to comprehend; to take in; as, natural philosophy embraces many sciences. Not that my song, in such a scanty space, So large a subject fully can embrace. Dryden. _________________________________________________________________ Page 484 6. To accept; to undergo; to submit to. "I embrace this fortune patiently." Shak. 7. (Law) To attempt to influence corruptly, as a jury or court. Blackstone. Syn. -- To clasp; hug; inclose; encompass; include; Embrace Em*brace" (?), v. i. To join in an embrace. Embrace Em*brace", n. Intimate or close encircling with the arms; pressure to the bosom; clasp; hug. We stood tranced in long embraces, Mixed with kisses. Tennyson. Embracement Em*brace"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. embrassement.] 1. A clasp in the arms; embrace. Dear though chaste embracements. Sir P. Sidney. 2. State of being contained; inclosure. [Obs.] In the embracement of the parts hardly reparable, as bones. Bacon. 3. Willing acceptance. [Obs.] A ready embracement of . . . his kindness. Barrow. Embraceor Em*brace"or (?), n. (Law) One guilty of embracery. Embracer Em*bra"cer (?), n. One who embraces. Embracery Em*bra"cer*y (?), n. (Law) An attempt to influence a court, jury, etc., corruptly, by promises, entreaties, money, entertainments, threats, or other improper inducements. Embracive Em*bra"cive (?), a. Disposed to embrace; fond of caressing. [R.] Thackeray. Embraid Em*braid" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + 1st braid.] 1. To braid up, as hair. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. To upbraid. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot. Embranchment Em*branch"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. embranchement.] The branching forth, as of trees. Embrangle Em*bran"gle (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + brangle.] To confuse; to entangle. I am lost and embrangled in inextricable difficulties. Berkeley. Embrasure Em*bra"sure (?; 135), n. [See Embrace.] An embrace. [Obs.] "Our locked embrasures."" Shak. Embrasure Em*bra"sure (277), n. [F., fr. embraser, perh. equiv. to \'82braser to widen an opening; of unknown origin.] 1. (Arch.) A splay of a door or window. Apart, in the twilight gloom of a window's embrasure, Sat the lovers. Longfellow. 2. (Fort.) An aperture with slant sides in a wall or parapet, through which cannon are pointed and discharged; a crenelle. See Illust. of Casemate. Embrave Em*brave" (?), v. t. 1. To inspire with bravery. [Obs.] Beaumont. 2. To decorate; to make showy and fine. [Obs.] And with sad cypress seemly it embraves. Spenser. Embrawn Em*brawn" (?), v. t. To harden. [Obs.] It will embrawn and iron-crust his flesh. Nash. Embread Em*bread" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + bread = 1st braid.] To braid. [Obs.] Spenser. Embreathement Em*breathe"ment (?), n. The act of breathing in; inspiration. [R.] The special and immediate suggestion, embreathement, and dictation of the Holy Ghost. W. Lee. Embrew Em*brew" (?), v. t. To imbrue; to stain with blood. [Obs.] Spenser. Embright Em*bright" (?), v. t. To brighten. [Obs.] Embrocate Em"bro*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embrocated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embrocating.] [NL. embrocatus, p. p. of embrocare; cf. Gr. (Med.) To moisten and rub (a diseased part) with a liquid substance, as with spirit, oil, etc., by means of a cloth or sponge. Embrocation Em`bro*ca"tion (?), n. [NL. embrocatio: cf. F. embrocation.] (Med.) (a) The act of moistening and rubbing a diseased part with spirit, oil, etc. (b) The liquid or lotion with which an affected part is rubbed. Embroglio Em*brogl"io (?), n. See Imbroglio. Embroider Em*broid"er (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embroidered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embroidering.] [OE. embrouden. See Broider.] To ornament with needlework; as, to embroider a scarf. Thou shalt embroider the coat of fine linen. Ex. xxviii. 39. Embroiderer Em*broid"er*er (?), n. One who embroiders. Embroidery Em*broid"er*y (?), n.; pl. Embroideries (. 1. Needlework used to enrich textile fabrics, leather, etc.; also, the art of embroidering. 2. Diversified ornaments, especially by contrasted figures and colors; variegated decoration. Fields in spring's embroidery are dressed. Addison. A mere rhetorical embroidery of phrases. J. A. Symonds. Embroil Em*broil" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Embroiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Embroiling.] [F. embrouiller; pref. em- (L. in) + brouiller. See 1st Broil, and cf. Imbroglio.] 1. To throw into confusion or commotion by contention or discord; to entangle in a broil or quarrel; to make confused; to distract; to involve in difficulties by dissension or strife. The royal house embroiled in civil war. Dryden. 2. To implicate in confusion; to complicate; to jumble. The Christian antiquities at Rome . . . are so embroiled with Addison. Syn. -- To perplex; entangle; distract; disturb; disorder; trouble; implicate; commingle. Embroil Em*broil", n. See Embroilment. Embroiler Em*broil"er (?), n. One who embroils. Embroilment Em*broil"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. embrouillement.] The act of embroiling, or the condition of being embroiled; entanglement in a broil. Bp. Burnet. Embronze Em*bronze" (?), v. t. 1. To embody in bronze; to set up a bronze representation of, as of a person. [Poetic] 2. To color in imitation of bronze. See Bronze, v. t. Embrothel Em*broth"el (?), v. t. To inclose in a brothel. [Obs.] Donne. Embroude, Embrowde, Embroyde Em*broud"e (?), Em*browd"e, Em*broyd"e (?), v. t. To embroider; to adorn. [Obs.] Embrowded was he, as it were a mead All full of fresshe flowers, white and red. Chaucer. Embrown Em*brown" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + brown.] To give a brown color to; to imbrown. Summer suns embrown the laboring swain. Fenton. Embrue Em*brue" (?), v. t. See Imbrue, Embrew. [Obs.] Embrute Em*brute" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + brute. Cf. Imbrute.] To brutify; to imbrute. All the man embruted in the swine. Cawthorn. Embryo Em"bry*o (?), n.; pl. Embryos (#). [F. embryon, Gr. in) + brew.] (Biol.) The first rudiments of an organism, whether animal or plant; as: (a) The young of an animal in the womb, or more specifically, before its parts are developed and it becomes a fetus (see Fetus). (b) The germ of the plant, which is inclosed in the seed and which is developed by germination. In embryo, in an incipient or undeveloped state; in conception, but not yet executed. "The company little suspected what a noble work I had then in embryo." Swift. Embryo Em"bry*o, a. Pertaining to an embryo; rudimentary; undeveloped; as, an embryo bud. Embryogenic Em`bry*o*gen"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Pertaining to the development of an embryo. Embryogeny Em`bry*og"e*ny (?), n. [Gr. embryog\'82nie.] (Biol.) The production and development of an embryo. Embryogony Em`bry*og"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) The formation of an embryo. Embryography Em`bry*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] (Biol.) The general description of embryos. Embryologic, Embryological Em`bry*o*log"ic (?), Em`bry*o*log"ic*al (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to embryology. Embryologist Em`bry*ol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in embryology. Embryology Em`bry*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. embryologie.] (Biol.) The science which relates to the formation and development of the embryo in animals and plants; a study of the gradual development of the ovum until it reaches the adult stage. Embryon Em"bry*on (?), n. & a. [NL.] See Embryo. Embryonal Em"bry*o*nal (?), a. (Biol.) Pertaining to an embryo, or the initial state of any organ; embryonic. Embryonary Em"bry*o*na*ry (?), a. (Biol.) Embryonic. Embryonate, Embryonated Em"bry*o*nate (?), Em"bry*o*na`ted (?), a. (Biol.) In the state of, or having, an embryonal. Embryonic Em`bry*on"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to an embryo; embryonal; rudimentary. Embryonic sac OR vesicle (Bot.), the vesicle within which the embryo is developed in the ovule; -- sometimes called also amnios sac, and embryonal sac. Embryoniferous Em`bry*o*nif"er*ous (?), a. [Embryo + -ferous.] (Biol.) Having an embryo. Embryoniform Em`bry*on"i*form (?), a. [Embryo + -form.] (Biol.) Like an embryo in form. Embryoplastic Em`bry*o*plas"tic (?), n. [Embryo + plastic.] (Biol.) Relating to, or aiding in, the formation of an embryo; as, embryoplastic cells. Embryo sac Em"bry*o sac` (?). (Bot.) See under Embryonic. Embryotic Em`bry*ot"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Embryonic. Embryotomy Em`bry*ot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. embryotomie.] (Med.) The cutting a fetus into pieces within the womb, so as to effect its removal. Embryotroph Em"bry*o*troph` (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) The material from which an embryo is formed and nourished. Embryous Em"bry*ous (?), a. Embryonic; undeveloped. [R.] Embulk Em*bulk" (?), v. t. To enlarge in the way of bulk. [R.] Latham. Emburse Em*burse" (?), v. t. [See Imburse.] To furnish with money; to imburse. [Obs.] Embush Em*bush" (?), v. t. [Cf. Ambush, Imbosk.] To place or hide in a thicket; to ambush. [Obs.] Shelton. Embushment Em*bush"ment (?), n. [OE. embusshement, OF. embuschement, F. emb\'96chement.] An ambush. [Obs.] Embusy Em*bus"y (?), v. t. To employ. [Obs.] Skelton. Eme Eme (?), n. [See Eame.] An uncle. [Obs.] Spenser. Emeer E*meer" (?), n. Same as Emir. Emenagogue E*men"a*gogue (?), n. See Emmenagogue. Emend E*mend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emended; p. pr. & vb. n. Emending.] [L. emendare; e out + menda, mendum, fault, blemish: cf. F. \'82mender. Cf. Amend, Mend.] To purge of faults; to make better; to correct; esp., to make corrections in (a literary work); to alter for the better by textual criticism, generally verbal. Syn. -- To amend; correct; improve; better; reform; rectify. See Amend. Emendable E*mend"a*ble (?), a. [L. emendabilis. Cf. Amendable.] Corrigible; amendable. [R.] Bailey. Emendately Em"en*date*ly (?), adv. Without fault; correctly. [Obs.] Emendation Em`en*da"tion (?), n. [L. emendatio: cf. F. \'82mendation.] 1. The act of altering for the better, or correcting what is erroneous or faulty; correction; improvement. "He lies in his sin without repentance or emendation." Jer. Taylor. 2. Alteration by editorial criticism, as of a text so as to give a better reading; removal of errors or corruptions from a document; as, the book might be improved by judicious emendations. Emendator Em"en*da`tor (?), n. [L.] One who emends or critically edits. Emendatory E*mend"a*to*ry (?), a. [L. emendatorius.] Pertaining to emendation; corrective. "Emendatory criticism."" Johnson. Emender E*mend"er (?), n. One who emends. Emendicate E*men"di*cate (?), v. t. [L. emendicatus, p. p. of emendicare to obtain by begging. See Mendicate.] To beg. [Obs.] Cockeram. Emerald Em"er*ald (?), n. [OE. emeraude, OF. esmeraude, esmeralde, F. \'82meraude, L. smaragdus, fr. Gr. marakata.] 1. (Min.) A precious stone of a rich green color, a variety of beryl. See Beryl. 2. (Print.) A kind of type, in size between minion and nonpare NOTE: \'b5 This line is printed in the type called emerald. Emerald Em"er*ald, a. Of a rich green color, like that of the emerald. "Emerald meadows." Byron. Emerald fish (Zo\'94l.), a fish of the Gulf of Mexico (Gobionellus oceanicus), remarkable for the brilliant green and blue color of the base of the tongue; -- whence the name; -- called also esmeralda. -- Emerald green, a very durable pigment, of a vivid light green color, made from the arseniate of copper; green bice; Scheele's green; -- also used adjectively; as, emerald green crystals. -- Emerald Isle, a name given to Ireland on account of the brightness of its verdure. -- Emerald spodumene, OR Lithia emerald. (Min.) See Hiddenite. -- Emerald nickel. (Min.) See Zaratite. Emeraldine Em"er*ald*ine (?; 104), n. A green compound used as a dyestuff, produced from aniline blue when acted upon by acid. Emeraud Em"er*aud (?), n. [See Emerald, n.] An emerald. [Obs.] Spenser. Emerge E*merge" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Emerged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emerging (?).] [L. emergere, emersum; e out + mergere to dip, plunge. See Merge.] To rise out of a fluid; to come forth from that in which anything has been plunged, enveloped, or concealed; to issue and appear; as, to emerge from the water or the ocean; the sun emerges from behind the moon in an eclipse; to emerge from poverty or obscurity. "Thetis . . . emerging from the deep." Dryden. Those who have emerged from very low, some from the lowest, classes of society. Burke. Emergence E*mer"gence (?), n.; pl. Emergences (. The act of rising out of a fluid, or coming forth from envelopment or concealment, or of rising into view; sudden uprisal or appearance. The white color of all refracted light, at its very first emergence . . . is compounded of various colors. Sir I. Newton. When from the deep thy bright emergence sprung. H. Brooke. Emergency E*mer"gen*cy (?), n.; pl. Emergencies (#). [See Emergence.] 1. Sudden or unexpected appearance; an unforeseen occurrence; a sudden occasion. Most our rarities have been found out by casual emergency. Glanvill. 2. An unforeseen occurrence or combination of circumstances which calls for immediate action or remedy; pressing necessity; exigency. To whom she might her doubts propose, On all emergencies that rose. Swift. A safe counselor in most difficult emergencies. Brougham. Syn. -- Crisis; conjuncture; exigency; pinch; strait; necessity. Emergent E*mer"gent (?), a. [L. emergens, p. pr. of emergere.] 1. Rising or emerging out of a fluid or anything that covers or conceals; issuing; coming to light. The mountains huge appear emergent. Milton. 2. Suddenly appearing; arising unexpectedly; Protection granted in emergent danger. Burke. Emergent year (Chron.), the epoch or date from which any people begin to compute their time or dates; as, the emergent year of Christendom is that of the birth of Christ; the emergent year of the United States is that of the declaration of their independence. -- E*mer"gent*ly, adv. -- E*mer"gent*ness, n. [R.] Emeril Em"er*il (?), n. 1. Emery. [Obs.] Drayton. 2. A glazier's diamond. Crabb. Emerited Em"er*it*ed (?), a. [See Emeritus.] Considered as having done sufficient public service, and therefore honorably discharged. [Obs.] Evelyn. Emeritus E*mer"i*tus (?), a. [L., having served out his time, p. p. of emerere, emereri, to obtain by service, serve out one's term; e out + merere, mereri, to merit, earn, serve.] Honorably discharged from the performance of public duty on account of age, infirmity, or long and faithful services; -- said of an officer of a college or pastor of a church. Emeritus E*mer"i*tus, n.; pl. Emeriti (#). [L.] A veteran who has honorably completed his service. Emerods, Emeroids Em"er*ods (?), Em"er*oids (?), n. pl. [OF. emmeroides. See Hemorrhoids.] Hemorrhoids; piles; tumors; boils. [R.] Deut. xxviii. 27. Emersed E*mersed" (?), a. [L. emersus, p. p. See Emerge.] (Bot.) Standing out of, or rising above, water. Gray. Emersion E*mer"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. \'82mersion. See Emerge.] 1. The act of emerging, or of rising out of anything; as, emersion from the sea; emersion from obscurity or difficulties. Their immersion into water and their emersion out of the same. Knatchbull. 2. (Astron.) The reappearance of a heavenly body after an eclipse or occultation; as, the emersion of the moon from the shadow of the earth; the emersion of a star from behind the moon. Emery Em"er*y (?), n. [F. \'82meri, earlier \'82meril, It. smeriglio, fr. Gr. smear. Cf. Emeril.] (Min.) Corundum in the form of grains or powder, used in the arts for grinding and polishing hard substances. Native emery is mixed with more or less magnetic iron. See the Note under Corundum. Emery board, cardboard pulp mixed with emery and molded into convenient. -- Emery cloth OR paper, cloth or paper on which the powder of emery is spread and glued for scouring and polishing. -- Emery wheel, a wheel containing emery, or having a surface of emery. In machine shops, it is sometimes called a buff wheel, and by the manufacturers of cutlery, a glazer. _________________________________________________________________ Page 485 Emesis Em"e*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Emetic.] (Med.) A vomiting. Emetic E*met"ic (?), a. [L. emeticus, Gr. vomere: cf. F. \'82m\'82tique. See Vomit.] (Med.) Inducing to vomit; exciting the stomach to discharge its contents by the mouth. -- n. A medicine which causes vomiting. Emetical E*met"ic*al (?), a. Inducing to vomit; producing vomiting; emetic. -- E*met"ic*al*ly, adv. Emetine Em"e*tine (?; 104), n. [See Emetic.] (Chem.) A white crystalline bitter alkaloid extracted from ipecacuanha root, and regarded as its peculiar emetic principle. Emeto-cathartic Em`e*to-ca*thar"tic (?), a. [Gr. cathartic.] (Med.) Producing vomiting and purging at the same time. Emeu, OR Emew E"meu, OR E"mew (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Emu. (?), n. [F.] A seditious tumult; an outbreak. Emforth Em*forth" (?), prep. [AS. em-, emn-, in comp. equiv. to efen equal + for forth.] According to; conformably to. [Obs.] Chaucer. Emforth my might, so far as lies in my power. [Obs.] Emgalla Em*gal"la (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) [Native name.] The South African wart hog. See Wart hog. Emicant Em"i*cant (?), a. [L. emicans, p. pr. of emicare. See Emication.] Beaming forth; flashing. [R.] Which emicant did this and that way dart. Blackmore. Emication Em`i*ca"tion (?), n. [L. emicatio, fr. emicare to spring out or forth; e. out + micare to move quickly to and fro, to sparkle.] A flying off in small particles, as heated iron or fermenting liquors; a sparkling; scintillation. Sir T. Browne. Emiction E*mic"tion (?), n. [L. e out + mingere, mictum, to make water.] 1. The voiding of urine. 2. What is voided by the urinary passages; urine. Emictory E*mic"to*ry (?), a. & n. (Med.) Diuretic. Emigrant Em"i*grant (?), a. [L. emigrans, -antis, p. pr. of emigrare to emigrate: cf. F. \'82migrant. See Emigrate, v. i.] 1. Removing from one country to another; emigrating; as, an emigrant company or nation. 2. Pertaining to an emigrant; used for emigrants; as, an emigrant ship or hospital. Emigrant Em"i*grant, n. One who emigrates, or quits one country or region to settle in another. Syn. -- Emigrant, Immigrant. Emigrant and emigration have reference to the country from which the migration is made; the correlative words immigrant and immigration have reference to the country into which the migration is made, the former marking the going out from a country, the latter the coming into it. Emigrate Em"i*grate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Emigrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emigrating.] [L. emigratus, p. p. of emigrare to remove, emigrate; e out + migrare to migrate. See Migrate.] To remove from one country or State to another, for the purpose of residence; to migrate from home. Forced to emigrate in a body to America. Macaulay. They [the Huns] were emigrating from Tartary into Europe in the time of the Goths. J. H. Newman. Emigrate Em"i*grate (?), a. Migratory; roving. [Obs.] Emigration Em`i*gra"tion (?), n. [L. emigratio: cf. F. \'82migration.] 1. The act of emigrating; removal from one country or state to another, for the purpose of residence, as from Europe to America, or, in America, from the Atlantic States to the Western. 2. A body emigrants; emigrants collectively; as, the German emigration. Emigrational Em`i*gra"tion*al (?), a. Relating to emigration. Emigrationist Em`i*gra"tion*ist, n. An advocate or promoter of emigration. Emigrator Em"i*gra`tor (?), n. One who emigrates; am emigrant. [R.] (?), n. [F., emigrant.] One of the natives of France who were opposed to the first Revolution, and who left their country in consequence. Eminence Em"i*nence (?), n. [L. eminentia, fr. eminens eminent: cf. F. \'82minence.] 1. That which is eminent or lofty; a high ground or place; a height. Without either eminences or cavities. Dryden. The temple of honor ought to be seated on an eminence. Burke. 2. An elevated condition among men; a place or station above men in general, either in rank, office, or celebrity; social or moral loftiness; high rank; distinction; preferment. Milton. You 've too a woman's heart, which ever yet Affected eminence, wealth, sovereignty. Shak. 3. A title of honor, especially applied to a cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church. Eminency Em"i*nen*cy (?), n.; pl Eminences (. State of being eminent; eminence. "Eminency of estate." Tillotson. Eminent Em"i*nent (?), a. [L. eminens, -entis, p. pr. of eminere to stand out, be prominent; e out + minere (in comp.) to project; of uncertain origin: cf. F. \'82minent. Cf. Menace.] 1. High; lofty; towering; prominent. "A very eminent promontory." Evelyn 2. Being, metaphorically, above others, whether by birth, high station, merit, or virtue; high in public estimation; distinguished; conspicuous; as, an eminent station; an eminent historian, statements, statesman, or saint. <-- by distinctive accomplishment --> Right of eminent domain. (Law) See under Domain. Syn. -- Lofty; elevated; exalted; conspicuous; prominent; remarkable; distinguished; illustrious; famous; celebrated; renowned; well-known. See Distinguished. Eminently Em"i*nent*ly, adv. In an eminent manner; in a high degree; conspicuously; as, to be eminently learned. Emir, Emeer E"mir (?), E*meer" (?), n. [Ar. em\'c6r, am\'c6r, commander: cf. F. \'82mir. Cf. Admiral, Ameer.] An Arabian military commander, independent chieftain, or ruler of a province; also, an honorary title given to the descendants of Mohammed, in the line of his daughter Fatima; among the Turks, likewise, a title of dignity, given to certain high officials. Emirship, Emeership E`mir*ship, E*meer"ship, n. The rank or office of an Emir. Emissary Em"is*sa*ry (?), n.; pl. Emissaries (#). [L. emissarius, fr. emittere, emissum, to send out: cf. F. \'82missaire. See Emit.] An agent employed to advance, in a covert manner, the interests of his employers; one sent out by any power that is at war with another, to create dissatisfaction among the people of the latter. Buzzing emissaries fill the ears Of listening crowds with jealousies and fears. Dryden. Syn. -- Emissary, Spy. A spy is one who enters an enemy's camp or territories to learn the condition of the enemy; an emissary may be a secret agent appointed not only to detect the schemes of an opposing party, but to influence their councils. A spy must be concealed, or he suffers death; an emissary may in some cases be known as the agent of an adversary without incurring similar hazard. Emissary Em"is*sa*ry, a. 1. Exploring; spying. B. Jonson. 2. (Anat.) Applied to the veins which pass out of the cranium through apertures in its walls. Emissaryship Em"is*sa*ry*ship`, n. The office of an emissary. Emission E*mis"sion (?), n. [L. emissio: cf. F. \'82mission. See Emit.] 1. The act of sending or throwing out; the act of sending forth or putting into circulation; issue; as, the emission of light from the sun; the emission of heat from a fire; the emission of bank notes. <-- now, we issue bank notes. --> 2. That which is sent out, issued, or put in circulation at one time; issue; as, the emission was mostly blood. Emission theory (Physics), the theory of Newton, regarding light as consisting of emitted particles or corpuscles. See Corpuscular theory, under Corpuscular. Emissitious Em`is*si"tious (?), a. [L. emissitius, fr. emittere.] Looking, or narrowly examining; prying. [Obs.] "Those emissitious eyes." Bp. Hall. Emissive E*mis"sive (?), a. Sending out; emitting; as, emissive powers. Emissivity Em`is*siv"i*ty (?), n. Tendency to emission; comparative facility of emission, or rate at which emission takes place, as of heat from the surface of a heated body. Emissory E*mis"so*ry (?), a. (Anat.) Same as Emissary, a., 2. Emit E*mit" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emitted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emitting.] [L. emittere to send out; e out + mittere to send. See Mission.] 1. To send forth; to throw or give out; to cause to issue; to give vent to; to eject; to discharge; as, fire emits heat and smoke; boiling water emits steam; the sun emits light. Lest, wrathful, the far-shooting god emit His fatal arrows. Prior. 2. To issue forth, as an order or decree; to print and send into circulation, as notes or bills of credit. No State shall . . . emit bills of credit. Const. of the U. S. Emittent E*mit"tent (?), a. [L. emittens, p. pr. emittere.] Sending forth; emissive. Boyle. Emmantle Em*man"tle (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + mantle: cf. F. emmanteler. Cf. Inmantle.] To cover over with, or as with, a mantle; to put about as a protection. [Obs.] Holland. Emmanuel Em*man"u*el (?), n. See Immanuel. Matt. i. 23. Emmarble Em*mar"ble (?), v. t. To turn to marble; to harden. [Obs.] Thou dost emmarble the proud heart. Spenser. Emmenagogue Em*men"a*gogue (?), n. [Gr. n. pl., menses (emm\'82nagogue.] (Med.) A medicine that promotes the menstrual discharge. Emmet Em"met (?), n. [OE. emete, amete, AS. \'91mete. See Ant.] (Zo\'94l.) An ant. Emmet hunter (Zo\'94l.), the wryneck. Emmetropia Em`me*tro"pi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) That refractive condition of the eye in which the rays of light are all brought accurately and without undue effort to a focus upon the retina; -- opposed to hypermetropia, myopia, an astigmatism. Emmetropic Em`me*trop"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, emmetropia. The normal or emmetropic eye adjusts itself perfectly for all distances. J. Le Conte. Emmetropy Em*met"ro*py (?), n. (Med.) Same as Emmetropia. Emmew Em*mew" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + mew. Cf. Immew.] To mew or coop up. [Obs.] Shak. Emmove Em*move" (?), v. t. [For emove: cf. F. \'82mouvoir, L. emovere. See Emotion.] To move; to rouse; to excite. [Obs.] Emodin Em"o*din (?), n. (Chem.) An orange-red crystalline substance, C15H10O5, obtained from the buckthorn, rhubarb, etc., and regarded as a derivative of anthraquinone; -- so called from a species of rhubarb (Rheum emodei). Emollescence Em`ol*les"cence (?), n. [L. e out + mollescere, incho. fr. mollere to be soft, mollis soft.] That degree of softness in a body beginning to melt which alters its shape; the first or lowest degree of fusibility. Emolliate E*mol"li*ate (?; 106), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emolliated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emolliating.] [See Emollient, a.] To soften; to render effeminate. Emolliated by four centuries of Roman domination, the Belgic colonies had forgotten their pristine valor. Pinkerton. Emollient E*mol"lient (?; 106), a. [L. emolliens, -entis, p. pr. of emollire to soften; e out + mollire to soften, mollis soft: cf. F. \'82mollient. See Mollify.] Softening; making supple; acting as an emollient. "Emollient applications." Arbuthnot. Emollient E*mol"lient (?; 105), n. (Med.) An external something or soothing application to allay irritation, soreness, etc. Emollition Em`ol*li"tion (?), n. The act of softening or relaxing; relaxation. Bacon. Emolument E*mol"u*ment (?), n. [L. emolumentum, lit., a working out, fr. emoliri to move out, work out; e out + moliri to set in motion, exert one's self, fr. moles a huge, heavy mass: cf. F. \'82molument. See Mole a mound.] The profit arising from office, employment, or labor; gain; compensation; advantage; perquisites, fees, or salary. A long . . . enjoyment of the emoluments of office. Bancroft. Emolumental E*mol`u*men"tal (?), a. Pertaining to an emolument; profitable. [R.] Evelyn. Emong, Emongst E*mong" (?), E*mongst" (?), (prep. Among. [Obs.] Emotion E*mo"tion (?), n. [L. emovere, emotum, to remove, shake, stir up; e out + movere to move: cf. F. \'82motion. See Move, and cf. Emmove.] A moving of the mind or soul; excitement of the feelings, whether pleasing or painful; disturbance or agitation of mind caused by a specific exciting cause and manifested by some sensible effect on the body. How different the emotions between departure and return! W. Irving. Some vague emotion of delight. Tennyson. Syn. -- Feeling; agitation; tremor; trepidation; perturbation; passion; excitement. -- Emotion, Feeling, Agitation. Feeling is the weaker term, and may be of the body or the mind. Emotion is of the mind alone, being the excited action of some inward susceptibility or feeling; as, an emotion of pity, terror, etc. Agitation may the bodily or mental, and usually arises in the latter case from a vehement struggle between contending desires or emotions. See Passion. "Agitations have but one character, viz., that of violence; emotions vary with the objects that awaken them. There are emotions either of tenderness or anger, either gentle or strong, either painful or pleasing." Crabb. Emotioned E*mo"tioned (?), a. Affected with emotion. [R.] "The emotioned soul." Sir W. Scott. Emotional E*mo"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, emotion; excitable; easily moved; sensational; as, an emotional nature. Emotionalism E*mo"tion*al*ism (?), n. The cultivation of an emotional state of mind; tendency to regard things in an emotional manner. Emotionalize E*mo"tion*al*ize (?), v. t. To give an emotional character to. Brought up in a pious family where religion was not talked about emotionalized, but was accepted as the rule of thought and conduct. Froude. Emotive E*mo"tive (?), a. Attended by, or having the character of, emotion. H. Brooke. -- E*mo"tive*ly, adv. Emotiveness E*mo"tive*ness, n. Susceptibility to emotion. G. Eliot. Emotivity E`mo*tiv"i*ty (?), n. Emotiveness. Hickok. Emove E*move" (?), v. t. To move. [Obs.] Thomson. Empair Em*pair" (?), v. t. To impair. [Obs.] Spenser. Empaistic Em*pais"tic (?), a. [Gr. (Fine Arts) Having to do with inlaid work; -- especially used with reference to work of the ancient Greeks. Empale Em*pale" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + pale: cf. OF. empalir.] To make pale. [Obs.] No bloodless malady empales their face. G. Fletcher. Empale Em*pale", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Empaled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Empaling.] [OF. empaler to palisade, pierce, F. empaler to punish by empalement; pref. em- (L. in) + OF. & F. pal a pale, stake. See Pale a stake, and cf. Impale.] >[Written also impale.] 1. To fence or fortify with stakes; to surround with a line of stakes for defense; to impale. All that dwell near enemies empale villages, to save themselves from surprise. Sir W. Raleigh. 2. To inclose; to surround. See Impale. 3. To put to death by thrusting a sharpened stake through the body. 4. (Her.) Same as Impale. Empalement Em*pale"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. empalement, fr. empaler. See Empale.] >[Written also impalement.] 1. A fencing, inclosing, or fortifying with stakes. 2. A putting to death by thrusting a sharpened stake through the body. 3. (Her.) Same as Impalement. Empanel Em*pan"el (?), n. [Pref. em- (L. in) + panel.] (Law) A list of jurors; a panel. [Obs.] Cowell. Empanel Em*pan"el, v. t. See Impanel. Empanoplied Em*pan"o*plied (?), a. [Pref. em- + panoply.] Completely armed; panoplied. Tennyson. Emparadise Em*par"a*dise (?), v. t. Same as Imparadise. Empark Em*park" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + park: cf. OF. emparchier, emparkier. Cf. Impark.] To make a park of; to inclose, as with a fence; to impark. [Obs.] Emparlance Em*par"lance (?), n. Parley; imparlance. [Obs.] Spenser. Empasm Em*pasm" (?), n. [F. empasme, fr. Gr. A perfumed powder sprinkled upon the body to mask the odor of sweat. Empassion Em*pas"sion (?), v. t. To move with passion; to affect strongly. See Impassion. [Obs.] Those sights empassion me full near. Spenser. Empassionate Em*pas"sion*ate (?), a. Strongly affected. [Obs.] The Briton Prince was sore empassionate. Spenser. Empawn Em*pawn" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + pawn. Cf. Impawn.] To put in pawn; to pledge; to impawn. To sell, empawn, and alienate the estates. Milman. Empeach Em*peach" (?), v. t. To hinder. See Impeach. [Obs.] Spenser. Empearl Em*pearl" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + pearl. Cf. Impearl.] To form like pearls; to decorate with, or as with, pearls; to impearl. _________________________________________________________________ Page 486 Empeople Em*peo"ple (?), v. t. To form into a people or community; to inhabit; to people. [Obs.] We now know 't is very well empeopled. Sir T. Browne. Emperess Em"per*ess (?), n. See Empress. [Obs.] Emperice Em"per*ice (?), n. An empress. [Obs.] Chaucer. Emperil Em*per"il (?), v. t. To put in peril. See Imperil. Spenser. Emperished Em*per"ished (?), a. Perished; decayed. [Obs.] I deem thy brain emperished be. Spenser. Emperor Em"per*or (?), n. [OF. empereor, empereour, F. empereur, L. imperator, fr. imperare to command; in in + parare to prepare, order. See Parade, and cf. Imperative, Empress.] The sovereign or supreme monarch of an empire; -- a title of dignity superior to that of king; as, the emperor of Germany or of Austria; the emperor or Czar of Russia. Emperor goose (Zo\'94l.), a large and handsome goose (Philacte canagica), found in Alaska. -- Emperor moth (Zo\'94l.), one of several large and beautiful bombycid moths, with transparent spots on the wings; as the American Cecropia moth (Platysamia cecropia), and the European species (Saturnia pavonia). -- Emperor paper. See under Paper. -- Purple emperor (Zo\'94l.), a large, strong British butterfly (Apatura iris). Emperorship Em"per*or*ship, n. The rank or office of an emperor. Empery Em"per*y (?), n. [L. imperium, influenced by OF. emperie, empire. See Empire.] Empire; sovereignty; dominion. [Archaic] Shak. Struggling for my woman's empery. Mrs. Browning. Emphasis Em"pha*sis (?), n.; pl. Emphases (#). [L., fr. Gr. In, and Phase.] 1. (Rhet.) A particular stress of utterance, or force of voice, given in reading and speaking to one or more words whose signification the speaker intends to impress specially upon his audience. The province of emphasis is so much more important than accent, that the customary seat of the latter is changed, when the claims of emphasis require it. E. Porter. 2. A peculiar impressiveness of expression or weight of thought; vivid representation, enforcing assent; as, to dwell on a subject with great emphasis. External objects stand before us . . . in all the life and emphasis of extension, figure, and color. Sir W. Hamilton. Emphasize Em"pha*size (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emphasized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emphasizing (?).] To utter or pronounce with a particular stress of voice; to make emphatic; as, to emphasize a word or a phrase. Emphatic, Emphatical Em*phat"ic (?), Em*phat"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. emphatique. See Emphasis.] 1. Uttered with emphasis; made prominent and impressive by a peculiar stress of voice; laying stress; deserving of stress or emphasis; forcible; impressive; strong; as, to remonstrate in am emphatic manner; an emphatic word; an emphatic tone; emphatic reasoning. 2. Striking the sense; attracting special attention; impressive; forcible. "Emphatical colors." Boyle. "Emphatical evils." Bp. Reynolds. Syn. -- Forcible; earnest; impressive; energetic; striking; positive; important; special; significant. Emphatically Em*phat"ic*al*ly, adv. 1. With emphasis; forcibly; in a striking manner or degree; pre\'89minently. He was indeed emphatically a popular writer. Macaulay. 2. Not really, but apparently. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Emphaticalness Em*phat"ic*al*ness, n. The quality of being emphatic; emphasis. Emphractic Em*phrac"tic (?), a. [Gr. (Med.) Having the quality of closing the pores of the skin. Emphrensy Em*phren"sy (?), v. t. To madden. [Obs.] Emphysema Em`phy*se"ma (?), n. [NL., from Gr. emphys\'8ame.] (Med.) A swelling produced by gas or air diffused in the cellular tissue. Emphysema of the lungs, Pulmonary emphysema (Med.), a common disease of the lungs in which the air cells are distended and their partition walls ruptured by an abnormal pressure of the air contained in them. Emphysematous Em`phy*sem"a*tous (?), a. [Cf. F. emphys\'82mateux.] (Med.) Pertaining to, or of the nature of, emphysema; swelled; bloated. Emphyteusis Em`phy*teu"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Rom. Law) A real right, susceptible of assignment and of descent, charged on productive real estate, the right being coupled with the enjoyment of the property on condition of taking care of the estate and paying taxes, and sometimes a small rent. Heumann. Emphyteutic Em`phy*teu"tic (?), a. [L. emphyteuticus.] Of or pertaining to an emphyteusis; as, emphyteutic lands. Emphyteuticary Em`phy*teu"ti*ca*ry (?), n. [L. emphyteuticarius, a.] One who holds lands by emphyteusis. Empierce Em*pierce" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + pierce. Cf. Impierce.] To pierce; to impierce. [Obs.] Spenser. Empight Em*pight" (?), a. [Pref. em- + pight pitched, fixed.] Fixed; settled; fastened. [Obs.] Spenser. Empire Em"pire (?), n. [F., fr. L. imperium a command, sovereignty, dominion, empire, fr. imperare. See Emperor; cf. Imperial.] 1. Supreme power; sovereignty; sway; dominion. "The empire of the sea." Shak. Over hell extend His empire, and with iron scepter rule. Milton. 2. The dominion of an emperor; the territory or countries under the jurisdiction and dominion of an emperor (rarely of a king), usually of greater extent than a kingdom, always comprising a variety in the nationality of, or the forms of administration in, constituent and subordinate portions; as, the Austrian empire. Empire carries with it the idea of a vast and complicated government. C. J. Smith. 3. Any dominion; supreme control; governing influence; rule; sway; as, the empire of mind or of reason. "Under the empire of facts." M. Arnold. Another force which, in the Middle Ages, shared with chivalry the empire over the minds of men. A. W. Ward. Celestial empire. See under Celestial. -- Empire City, a common designation of the city of New York. -- Empire State, a common designation of the State of New York. Syn. -- Sway; dominion; rule; control; reign; sovereignty; government; kingdom; realm; state. Empiric Em*pir"ic (?; 277), n. [L. empiricus an empiric, Gr. fare: cf. F. empirique. See In, and Fare.] 1. One who follows an empirical method; one who relies upon practical experience. 2. One who confines himself to applying the results of mere experience or his own observation; especially, in medicine, one who deviates from the rules of science and regular practice; an ignorant and unlicensed pretender; a quack; a charlatan. Among the Greek physicians, those who founded their practice on experience called themselves empirics. Krauth-Fleming. Swallow down opinions as silly people do empirics' pills. Locke. Empiric, Empirical Em*pir"ic (?), Em*pir"ic*al (?), a. 1. Pertaining to, or founded upon, experiment or experience; depending upon the observation of phenomena; versed in experiments. In philosophical language, the term empirical means simply what belongs to or is the product of experience or observation. Sir W. Hamilton. The village carpenter . . . lays out his work by empirical rules learnt in his apprenticeship. H. Spencer. 2. Depending upon experience or observation alone, without due regard to science and theory; -- said especially of medical practice, remedies, etc.; wanting in science and deep insight; as, empiric skill, remedies. Empirical formula. (Chem.) See under Formula. Syn. -- See Transcendental. Empirically Em*pir"ic*al*ly, adv. By experiment or experience; without science; in the manner of quacks. Empiricism Em*pir"i*cism (?), n. 1. The method or practice of an empiric; pursuit of knowledge by observation and experiment. 2. Specifically, a practice of medicine founded on mere experience, without the aid of science or a knowledge of principles; ignorant and unscientific practice; charlatanry; quackery. 3. (Metaph.) The philosophical theory which attributes the origin of all our knowledge to experience. Empiricist Em*pir"i*cist (?), n. An empiric. Empiristic Em`pi*ris"tic (?), a. (Physics) Relating to, or resulting from, experience, or experiment; following from empirical methods or data; -- opposed to nativistic. Emplaster Em*plas"ter (?), n. [OF. emplastre, F. empl\'83tre, L. emplastrum a plaster or salve, fr. Gr. See Plaster. [Obs.] Wiseman. Emplaster Em*plas"ter, v. t. [Cf. OF. emplastrer, F. empl\'83trer. See Emplaster, n.] To plaster over; to cover over so as to present a good appearance. [Obs.] "Fair as ye his name emplaster." Chaucer. Emplastic Em*plas"tic (?), a. [Cf. F. emplastique, fr. Gr. Emplaster.] Fit to be applied as a plaster; glutinous; adhesive; as, emplastic applications. Emplastic Em*plas"tic, n. A medicine causing constipation. Emplastration Em`plas*tra"tion (?), n. [L. emplastratio a budding.] 1. The act or process of grafting by inoculation; budding. [Obs.] Holland. 2. [See 1st Emplaster.] (Med.) The application of a plaster or salve. Emplead Em*plead" (?), v. t. [Pref. em- (L. in) + plead: cf. F. emplaidier. Cf. Implead.] To accuse; to indict. See Implead. Emplection Em*plec"tion (?), n. See Emplecton. Emplecton Em*plec"ton (?), n. [F. or L. emplecton, fr. Gr. A kind of masonry in which the outer faces of the wall are ashlar, the space between being filled with broken stone and mortar. Cross layers of stone are interlaid as binders. [R.] Weale. Emplore Em*plore" (?), v. t. See Implore. [Obs.] Employ Em*ploy" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Employed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Employing.] [F. employer, fr. L. implicare to fold into, infold, involve, implicate, engage; in + plicare to fold. See Ply, and cf. Imply, Implicate.] 1. To inclose; to infold. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. To use; to have in service; to cause to be engaged in doing something; -- often followed by in, about, on, or upon, and sometimes by to; as: (a) To make use of, as an instrument, a means, a material, etc., for a specific purpose; to apply; as, to employ the pen in writing, bricks in building, words and phrases in speaking; to employ the mind; to employ one's energies. This is a day in which the thoughts . . . ought to be employed on serious subjects. Addison. (b) To occupy; as, to employ time in study. (c) To have or keep at work; to give employment or occupation to; to intrust with some duty or behest; as, to employ a hundred workmen; to employ an envoy. Jonathan . . . and Jahaziah . . . were employed about this matter. Ezra x. 15. Thy vineyard must employ the sturdy steer To turn the glebe. Dryden. To employ one's self, to apply or devote one's time and attention; to busy one's self. Syn. -- To use; busy; apply; exercise; occupy; engross; engage. See Use. Employ Em*ploy", n. [Cf. F. emploi.] That which engages or occupies a person; fixed or regular service or business; employment. The whole employ of body and of mind. Pope. In one's employ, in one's service. Employable Em*ploy"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. employable.] Capable of being employed; capable of being used; fit or proper for use. Boyle. Employ\'82 Em`ploy`\'82" (?), n. [F., p. p. of employer.] One employed by another; a clerk or workman in the service of an employer. Employee Em`ploy*ee" (?), n. [The Eng. form of employ\'82.] One employed by another. Employer Em*ploy"er (?), n. One who employs another; as, an employer of workmen. Employment Em*ploy"ment (?), n. 1. The act of employing or using; also, the state of being employed. 2. That which engages or occupies; that which consumes time or attention; office or post of business; service; as, agricultural employments; mechanical employments; public employments; in the employment of government. Cares are employments, and without employ The soul is on a rack. Young. Syn. -- Work; business; occupation; vocation; calling; office; service; commission; trade; profession. Emplumed Em*plumed" (?), a. Plumed. [R.] Emplunge Em*plunge" (?), v. t. [Cf. Implunge.] To plunge; to implunge. [Obs.] Spenser. Empoison Em*poi"son (?), v. t. [F. empoisonner; pref. em- + F. poison. See Poison, and cf. Impoison.] To poison; to impoison. Shak. Empoison Em*poi"son, n. Poison. [Obs.] Remedy of Love. Empoisoner Em*poi"son*er (?), n. Poisoner. [Obs.] Bacon. Empoisonment Em*poi"son*ment (?), n. [F. empoisonnement.] The act of poisoning. Bacon. Emporetic, Emporetical Em`po*ret"ic (?), Em`po*ret"ic*al (?), a. [L. emporeticus, Gr. Emporium.] Pertaining to an emporium; relating to merchandise. [Obs.] Johnson. Emporium Em*po"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Emporiums (#), L. Emporia (#). [L., fr. Gr. In, and Empiric, Fare.] 1. A place of trade; a market place; a mart; esp., a city or town with extensive commerce; the commercial center of a country. That wonderful emporium [Manchester] . . . was then a mean and ill-built market town. Macaulay. It is pride . . . which fills our streets, our emporiums, our theathers. Knox. 2. (Physiol.) The brain. [Obs.] Empoverish Em*pov"er*ish (?), v. t. See Impoverish. Empower Em*pow"er (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Empowered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Empowering.] 1. To give authority to; to delegate power to; to commission; to authorize (having commonly a legal force); as, the Supreme Court is empowered to try and decide cases, civil or criminal; the attorney is empowered to sign an acquittance, and discharge the debtor. 2. To give moral or physical power, faculties, or abilities to. "These eyes . . . empowered to gaze." Keble. Empress Em"press (?), n. [OE. empress, emperice, OF. empereis, empereris, fr. L. imperatrix, fem. of imperator. See Emperor.] 1. The consort of an emperor. Shak. 2. A female sovereign. 3. A sovereign mistress. "Empress of my soul." Shak. Empress cloth, a cloth for ladies' dresses, either wholly of wool, or with cotton warp and wool weft. It resembles merino, but is not twilled. Emprint Em*print" (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Imprint. Emprise Em*prise" (?), n. [OF. emprise, fr. emprendre to undertake; pref. em- (L. in) + F. prendre to take, L. prehendere, prendere; prae before + a verb akin to E. get. See Get, and cf. Enterprise, Impresa.] [Archaic] 1. An enterprise; endeavor; adventure. Chaucer. In brave pursuit of chivalrous emprise. Spenser. The deeds of love and high emprise. Longfellow. 2. The qualifies which prompt one to undertake difficult and dangerous exploits. I love thy courage yet and bolt emprise; But here thy sword can do thee little stead. Milton. Emprise Em*prise", v. t. To undertake. [Obs.] Sackville. Emprising Em*pris"ing (?), a. [From Emprise, v. t.] Full of daring; adventurous. [Archaic] T. Campbell. Emprison Em*pris"on (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Imprison. Emprosthotonos Em`pros*thot"o*nos (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A drawing of the body forward, in consequence of the spasmodic action of some of the muscles. Gross. Empte Emp"te (?), v. t. To empty. [Obs.] Chaucer. Emptier Emp"ti*er (?; 215), n. One who, or that which, empties. Emptier Emp"ti*er, compar. of Empty. Emptiness Emp"ti*ness, n. [From Empty.] 1. The state of being empty; absence of contents; void space; vacuum; as, the emptiness of a vessel; emptiness of the stomach. 2. Want of solidity or substance; unsatisfactoriness; inability to satisfy desire; vacuity; hollowness; the emptiness of earthly glory. 3. Want of knowledge; lack of sense; vacuity of mind. Eternal smiles his emptiness betray. Pope. The sins of emptiness, gossip, and spite. Tennyson. Emption Emp"tion (?), n. [L. emptio, fr. emere to buy.] The act of buying. [R.] Arbuthnot. Emptional Emp"tion*al (?), a. Capable of being purchased. Empty Emp"ty (?; 215), a. [Compar. Emptier (?); superl. Emptiest.] [AS. emtig, \'91mtig, \'91metig, fr. \'91mta, \'91metta, quiet, leisure, rest; of uncertain origin; cf. G. emsig busy.] 1. Containing nothing; not holding or having anything within; void of contents or appropriate contents; not filled; -- said of an inclosure, as a box, room, house, etc.; as, an empty chest, room, purse, or pitcher; an empty stomach; empty shackles. _________________________________________________________________ Page 487 2. Free; clear; devoid; -- often with of. "That fair female troop . . . empty of all good." Milton. I shall find you empty of that fault. Shak. 3. Having nothing to carry; unburdened. "An empty messenger." Shak. When ye go ye shall not go empty. Ex. iii. 21. 4. Destitute of effect, sincerity, or sense; -- said of language; as, empty words, or threats. Words are but empty thanks. Cibber. 5. Unable to satisfy; unsatisfactory; hollow; vain; -- said of pleasure, the world, etc. Pleas'd in the silent shade with empty praise. Pope. 6. Producing nothing; unfruitful; -- said of a plant or tree; as, an empty vine. Seven empty ears blasted with the east wind. Gen. xli. 27. 7. Destitute of, or lacking, sense, knowledge, or courtesy; as, empty brains; an empty coxcomb. That in civility thou seem'st so empty. Shak. 8. Destitute of reality, or real existence; unsubstantial; as, empty dreams. NOTE: &hand; Em pty is used as the first element in a compound; as, empty-handed, having nothing in the hands, destitute; empty-headed, having few ideas; empty-hearted, destitute of feeling. Syn. -- See Vacant. Empty Emp"ty (?), n.; pl. Empties (. An empty box, crate, cask, etc.; -- used in commerce, esp. in transportation of freight; as, "special rates for empties." Empty Emp"ty, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emptied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emptying.] To deprive of the contents; to exhaust; to make void or destitute; to make vacant; to pour out; to discharge; as, to empty a vessel; to empty a well or a cistern. The clouds . . . empty themselves upon the earth. Eccl. xi. 3. Empty Emp"ty, v. i. 1. To discharge itself; as, a river empties into the ocean. 2. To become empty. "The chapel empties." B. Jonson. Emptying Emp"ty*ing, n. 1. The act of making empty. Shak. 2. pl. The lees of beer, cider, etc.; yeast. [U.S.] Empugn Em*pugn" (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Impugn. Empurple Em*pur"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Empurpled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Empurpling (?).] [Pref. em- + purple. Cf. Impurple.] To tinge or dye of a purple color; to color with purple; to impurple. "The deep empurpled ran." Philips. Empuse Em*puse" (?), n. [LL. empusa, Gr. A phantom or specter. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. Empuzzle Em*puz"zle (?), v. t. [Pref. em- + puzzle.] To puzzle. [Archaic] Sir T. Browne. Empyema Em`py*e"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A collection of blood, pus, or other fluid, in some cavity of the body, especially that of the pleura. Dunglison. NOTE: &hand; Th e term empyema is now restricted to a collection of pus in the cavity of the pleura. Empyesis Em`py*e"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) An eruption of pustules. Empyreal Em*pyr"e*al (?), a. [L. empyrius, empyreus, fiery, Gr. In, and Fire.] Formed of pure fire or light; refined beyond a\'89rial substance; pertaining to the highest and purest region of heaven. Go, soar with Plato to the empyreal sphere. Pope. Empyreal air, oxygen gas. Empyreal Em*pyr"e*al, n. Empyrean. Mrs. Browning. Empyrean Em`py*re"an (?; 277), n. [See Empyreal.] The highest heaven, where the pure element of fire was supposed by the ancients to subsist. The empyrean rung With hallelujahs. Milton. Empyrean Em`py*re"an, a. Empyreal. Akenside. Empyreuma Em`py*reu"ma (?), n. [NL., from Gr. empyreume. See Empyreal.] (Chem.) The peculiar smell and taste arising from products of decomposition of animal or vegetable substances when burnt in close vessels. Empyreumatic, Empyreumatical Em`py*reu*mat"ic (?), Em`py*reu*mat"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. empyreumatique.] Of or pertaining to empyreuma; as, an empyreumatic odor. Empyreumatic oils, oils obtained by distilling various organic substances at high temperatures. Brande & C. Empyreumatize Em`py*reu"ma*tize (?), v. t. To render empyreumatic. [R.] Empyrical Em*pyr"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Empyreal.] Containing the combustible principle of coal. Kirwan. Empyrosis Em"py*ro"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. A general fire; a conflagration. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale. Emrods Em"rods (?), n. pl. See Emerods. [Obs.] Emu E"mu (?), n. [Cf. Pg. ema ostrich, F. \'82mou, \'82meu, emu.] (Zo\'94l.) A large Australian bird, of two species (Dromaius Nov\'91-Hollandi\'91 and D. irroratus), related to the cassowary and the ostrich. The emu runs swiftly, but is unable to fly. [Written also emeu and emew.] NOTE: &hand; Th e na me is so metimes er roneously applied, by the Brazilians, to the rhea, or South American ostrich. Emu wren. See in the Vocabulary. Emulable Em"u*la*ble (?), a. [L. aemulari to emulate + -able.] Capable of being emulated. [R.] Some imitable and emulable good. Abp. Leighton. Emulate Em"u*late (?), a. [L. aemulatus, p. p. of aemulari, fr. aemulus emulous; prob. akin to E. imitate.] Striving to excel; ambitious; emulous. [Obs.] "A most emulate pride." Shak. Emulate Em"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Emulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Emulating (?).] To strive to equal or to excel in qualities or actions; to imitate, with a view to equal or to outdo, to vie with; to rival; as, to emulate the good and the great. Thine eye would emulate the diamond. Shak. Emulation Em`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. aemulatio: cf. F. \'82mulation.] 1. The endeavor to equal or to excel another in qualities or actions; an assiduous striving to equal or excel another; rivalry. A noble emulation heats your breast. Dryden. 2. Jea Such factious emulations shall arise. Shak. Syn. -- Competition; rivalry; contest; contention; strife. -- Emulation, Competition, Rivalry. Competition is the struggle of two or more persons for the same object. Emulation is an ardent desire for superiority, arising from competition, but now implying, of necessity, any improper feeling. Rivalry is a personal contest, and, almost of course, has a selfish object and gives rise to envy. "Competition and emulation have honor for their basis; rivalry is but a desire for selfish gratification. Competition and emulation animate to effort; rivalry usually produces hatred. Competition and emulation seek to merit success; rivalry is contented with obtaining it." Crabb. Emulative Em"u*la*tive (?), a. Inclined to emulation; aspiring to competition; rivaling; as, an emulative person or effort. "Emulative zeal." Hoole. Emulatively Em"u*la*tive*ly, adv. In an emulative manner; with emulation. Emulator Em"u*la`tor (?), n. [L. aemulator.] One who emulates, or strives to equal or surpass. As Virgil rivaled Homer, Milton was the emulator of both. Bp. Warburton. Emulatory Em"u*la*to*ry (?), a. Pertaining to emulation; connected with rivalry. [R.] "Emulatory officiousness." Bp. Hall. Emulatress Em"u*la`tress (?), n. A female emulator. [R.] Emule Em"ule (?), v. t. [F. \'82muler. See Emulate.] To emulate. [Obs.] "Emuled of many." Spenser. Emulge E*mulge" (?), v. t. [L. emulgere, emulsum; e out + mulgere to milk; akin to E. milk. See Milk.] To milk out; to drain. [Obs.] Bailey. Emulgent E*mul"gent (?), a. [L. emulgens, p. pr. of emulgere to milk out: cf. F. \'82mulgent. So called because regarded by the ancients as straining out the serum, as if by milking, and so producing the urine.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the kidneys; renal; as, emulgent arteries and veins. -- n. An emulgent vessel, as a renal artery or vein. Emulgent E*mul"gent, n. (Med.) A medicine that excites the flow of bile. [Obs.] Hoblyn. Emulous Em"u*lous (?), a. [L. aemulus. See Emulate.] 1. Ambitiously desirous to equal or even to excel another; eager to emulate or vie with another; desirous of like excellence with another; -- with of; as, emulous of another's example or virtues. 2. Vying with; rivaling; hence, contentious, envious. "Emulous Carthage." B. Jonson. Emulous missions 'mongst the gods. Shak. Emulously Em"u*lous*ly, adv. In an emulous manner. Emulousness Em"u*lous*ness, n. The quality of being emulous. Emulsic E*mul"sic (?), a. Pertaining to, or produced from, emulsin; as, emulsic acid. Hoblyn. Emulsify E*mul"si*fy (?), v. t. [Emulsion + -fy.] To convert into an emulsion; to form an emulsion; to reduce from an oily substance to a milky fluid in which the fat globules are in a very finely divided state, giving it the semblance of solution; as, the pancreatic juice emulsifies the oily part of food. Emulsin E*mul"sin (?), n. [See Emulsion, Emulge.] (Chem.) (a) The white milky pulp or extract of bitter almonds. [R.] (b) An unorganized ferment (contained in this extract and in other vegetable juices), which effects the decomposition of certain glucosides. Emulsion E*mul"sion (?), n. [From L. emulgere, emulsum: cf. F. \'82mulsion. See Emulge.] Any liquid preparation of a color and consistency resembling milk; as: (a) In pharmacy, an extract of seeds, or a mixture of oil and water united by a mucilaginous substance. (b) In photography, a liquid preparation of collodion holding salt of silver, used in the photographic process. Emulsive E*mul"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. \'82mulsif.] 1. Softening; milklike. 2. Yielding oil by expression; as, emulsive seeds. 3. Producing or yielding a milklike substance; as, emulsive acids. Emunctory E*munc"to*ry (?), n.; pl. Emunctories (#). [L. emunctorium a pair of snuffers, fr. emungere, emunctum, to blow the nose, hence, to wipe, cleanse; e out + mungere to blow the nose: cf. F. \'82monctoire, formerly spelled also \'82monctoire.] (Physiol.) Any organ or part of the body (as the kidneys, skin, etc.,) which serves to carry off excrementitious or waste matter. Emuscation Em`us*ca"tion (?), n. [L. emuscare to clear from moss; e out + muscus moss.] A freeing from moss. [Obs.] Emu wren E"mu wren` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A small wrenlike Australian bird (Stipiturus malachurus), having the tail feathers long and loosely barbed, like emu feathers. Emyd E"myd (?), n.; pl. E. Emyds (#), E. Emyd (#). [See Emydea.] (Zo\'94l.) A fresh-water tortoise of the family Emydid\'91. Emydea E*myd"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Emys a genus of tortoises, L. emys a kind of fresh-water tortoise, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of chelonians which comprises many species of fresh-water tortoises and terrapins. En- En- (?). 1. [F. en-, L. in.] A prefix signifying in or into, used in many English words, chiefly those borrowed from the French. Some English words are written indifferently with en- or in-. For ease of pronunciation it is commonly changed to em- before p, b, and m, as in employ, embody, emmew. It is sometimes used to give a causal force, as in enable, enfeeble, to cause to be, or to make, able, or feeble; and sometimes merely gives an intensive force, as in enchasten. See In-. 2. A prefix from Gr. in ; as, encephalon, entomology. See In-. -en -en. 1. A suffix from AS. -an, formerly used to form the plural of many nouns, as in ashen, eyen, oxen, all obs. except oxen. In some cases, such as children and brethren, it has been added to older plural forms. 2. A suffix corresponding to AS. -en and -on, formerly used to form the plural of verbs, as in housen, escapen. 3. A suffix signifying to make, to cause, used to form verbs from nouns and adjectives; as in strengthen, quicken, frighten. This must not be confused with -en corresponding in Old English to the AS. infinitive ending -an. 4. [AS. -en; akin to Goth. -eins, L. -inus, Gr. An adjectival suffix, meaning made of; as in golden, leaden, wooden. 5. [AS. -en; akin to Skr. -na.] The termination of the past participle of many strong verbs; as, in broken, gotten, trodden. En En (?), n. (Print.) Half an em, that is, half of the unit of space in measuring printed matter. See Em. Enable En*a"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enabled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enabling (?).] 1. To give strength or ability to; to make firm and strong. [Obs.] "Who hath enabled me." 1 Tim. i. 12. Receive the Holy Ghost, said Christ to his apostles, when he enabled them with priestly power. Jer. Taylor. 2. To make able (to do, or to be, something); to confer sufficient power upon; to furnish with means, opportunities, and the like; to render competent for; to empower; to endow. Temperance gives Nature her full play, and enables her to exert herself in all her force and vigor. Addison. Enablement En*a"ble*ment (?), n. The act of enabling, or the state of being enabled; ability. Bacon. Enact En*act" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enacted; p. pr. & vb. n. Enacting.] 1. To decree; to establish by legal and authoritative act; to make into a law; especially, to perform the legislative act with reference to (a bill) which gives it the validity of law. 2. To act; to perform; to do; to effect. [Obs.] The king enacts more wonders than a man. Shak. 3. To act the part of; to represent; to play. I did enact Julius Caesar. Shak. Enacting clause, that clause of a bill which formally expresses the legislative sanction. Enact En*act", n. Purpose; determination. [Obs.] Enactive En*act"ive (?), a. Having power to enact or establish as a law. Abp. Bramhall. Enactment En*act"ment (?), n. 1. The passing of a bill into a law; the giving of legislative sanction and executive approval to a bill whereby it is established as a law. 2. That which is enacted or passed into a law; a law; a decree; a statute; a prescribed requirement; as, a prohibitory enactment; a social enactment. Enactor En*act"or (?), n. One who enacts a law; one who decrees or establishes as a law. Atterbury. Enacture En*ac"ture (?; 135), n. Enactment; resolution. [Obs.] Shak. Enaliosaur En*al"i*o*saur` (?), n. (Paleon.) One of the Enaliosauria. Enaliosauria En*al`i*o*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct group of marine reptiles, embracing both the Ichthyosauria and the Plesiosauria, now regarded as distinct orders. Enaliosaurian En*al`i*o*sau"ri*an (?), a. (Paleon.) Pertaining to the Enaliosauria. -- n. One of the Enaliosauria. Enallage E*nal"la*ge (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Gram.) A substitution, as of one part of speech for another, of one gender, number, case, person, tense, mode, or voice, of the same word, for another. Enambush En*am"bush (?), v. t. To ambush. [Obs.] Enamel En*am"el (?), n. [Pref. en- + amel. See Amel, Smelt, v. t.] 1. A variety of glass, used in ornament, to cover a surface, as of metal or pottery, and admitting of after decoration in color, or used itself for inlaying or application in varied colors. 2. (Min.) A glassy, opaque bead obtained by the blowpipe. 3. That which is enameled; also, any smooth, glossy surface, resembling enamel, especially if variegated. 4. (Anat.) The intensely hard calcified tissue entering into the composition of teeth. It merely covers the exposed parts of the teeth of man, but in many animals is intermixed in various ways with the dentine and cement. Enamel painting, painting with enamel colors upon a ground of metal, porcelain, or the like, the colors being afterwards fixed by fire. -- Enamel paper, paper glazed a metallic coating. Enamel En*am"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enameled (?) or Enamelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Enameling or Enamelling.] 1. To lay enamel upon; to decorate with enamel whether inlaid or painted. _________________________________________________________________ Page 488 2. To variegate with colors as if with enamel. Oft he [the serpent]bowed His turret crest and sleek enameled neck. Milton. 3. To form a glossy surface like enamel upon; as, to enamel card paper; to enamel leather or cloth. 4. To disguise with cosmetics, as a woman's complexion. Enamel En*am"el (?), v. i. To practice the art of enameling. Enamel En*am"el, a. Relating to the art of enameling; as, enamel painting. Tomlinson. Enamelar En*am"el*ar (?), a. Consisting of enamel; resembling enamel; smooth; glossy. [R.] Craig. Enameled En*am"eled (?), a. Coated or adorned with enamel; having a glossy or variegated surface; glazed. [Written also enamelled.] Enameler, Enamelist En*am"el*er (?), En*am"el*ist, n. One who enamels; a workman or artist who applies enamels in ornamental work. [Written also enameller, enamellist.] Enamor En*am"or (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enamored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enamoring.] [OF. enamourer, enamorer; pref. en- (L. in) + OF. & F. amour love, L. amor. See Amour, and cf. Inamorato.] To inflame with love; to charm; to captivate; -- with of, or with, before the person or thing; as, to be enamored with a lady; to be enamored of books or science. [Written also enamour.] Passionately enamored of this shadow of a dream. W. Irving. Enamorment En*am"or*ment (?), n. The state of being enamored. [R.] Enantiomorphous E*nan`ti*o*mor"phous (?), a. [Gr. (Crystallog.) Similar, but not superposable, i. e., related to each other as a right-handed to a left-handed glove; -- said of certain hemihedral crystals. Enantiopathic E*nan`ti*o*path"ic (?), a. (Med.) Serving to palliate; palliative. Dunglison. Enantiopathy E*nan`ti*op"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. 1. An opposite passion or affection. Sir W. Hamilton. 2. (Med.) Allopathy; -- a term used by followers of Hahnemann, or homeopathists. Enantiosis E*nan`ti*o"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A figure of speech by which what is to be understood affirmatively is stated negatively, and the contrary; affirmation by contraries. Enarch En**arch" (?), v. t. To arch. [Obs.] Lydgate. Enarched En*arched" (?), a. (Her.) Bent into a curve; -- said of a bend or other ordinary. Enargite En*ar"gite (?), n. (Min.) An iron-black mineral of metallic luster, occurring in small orthorhombic crystals, also massive. It contains sulphur, arsenic, copper, and often silver. Enarmed En*armed" (?), a. (Her.) Same as Armed, 3. Enarration En`ar*ra"tion (?), n. [L. enarratio. See Narration.] A detailed exposition; relation. [Obs.] Hakewill. Enarthrodia En`ar*thro"di*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Arthrodia.] (Anat.) See Enarthrosis. -- En`ar*thro"di*al, a. Enarthrosis En`ar*thro"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) A ball and socket joint, or the kind of articulation represented by such a joint. See Articulation. Enascent E*nas"cent (?), a. [L. enascens, p. pr. of enasci to spring up; e out + nasci to be born.] Coming into being; nascent. [Obs.] Bp. Warburton. Enatation E`na*ta"tion (?), n. [L. enatare to swim out. See Natation.] A swimming out. [Obs.] Bailey. Enate E*nate" (?), a. [L. enatus, p. p. of enasci. See Enascent.] Growing out. Enation E*na"tion (?), n. (Bot.) Any unusual outgrowth from the surface of a thing, as of a petal; also, the capacity or act of producing such an outgrowth. Enaunter E*naun"ter (?), adv. [Pref. en- + aunter.] Lest that. [Obs.] Spenser. Enavigate E*nav"i*gate (?), v. t. [L. enavigatus, p. p. of enavigare.] To sail away or over. [Obs.] Cockeram. Enbattled En*bat"tled (?), a. Embattled. [Obs.] Enbibe En*bibe" (?), v. t. To imbibe. [Obs.] Skelton. Enbroude En*broud"e (?), v. t. See Embroude. Encage En*cage" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Engaging.] [Pref. en- + cage: cf. F. encager.] To confine in a cage; to coop up. Shak. Encalendar En*cal"en*dar (?), v. t. To register in a calendar; to calendar. Drayton. Encamp En*camp" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Encamped (?; 215); p. pr. & vb. n. Encamping.] To form and occupy a camp; to prepare and settle in temporary habitations, as tents or huts; to halt on a march, pitch tents, or form huts, and remain for the night or for a longer time, as an army or a company traveling. The host of the Philistines encamped in the valley of Rephaim. 1 Chron. xi. 15. Encamp En*camp", v. t. To form into a camp; to place in a temporary habitation, or quarters. Bid him encamp his soldiers. Shak. Encampment En*camp"ment (?), n. 1. The act of pitching tents or forming huts, as by an army or traveling company, for temporary lodging or rest. 2. The place where an army or a company is encamped; a camp; tents pitched or huts erected for temporary lodgings. A square of about seven hundred yards was sufficient for the encampment of twenty thousand Romans. Gibbon. A green encampment yonder meets the eye. Guardian. Encanker En*can"ker (?), v. t. To canker. [Obs.] Encapsulation En*cap`su*la"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) The act of inclosing in a capsule; the growth of a membrane around (any part) so as to inclose it in a capsule. Encarnalize En*car"nal*ize (?), v. t. To carnalize; to make gross. [R.] "Encarnalize their spirits." Tennyson. Encarpus En*car"pus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. encarpa, pl., Gr. (Arch.) An ornament on a frieze or capital, consisting of festoons of fruit, flowers, leaves, etc. [Written also encarpa.] Encase En*case" (?), v. t. [Cf. Enchase.] To inclose as in a case. See Incase. Beau. & Fl. Encasement En*case"ment (?), n. [Cf. Casement.] 1. The act of encasing; also, that which encases. 2. (Biol.) An old theory of generation similar to emboOvulist. Encash En*cash" (?), v. t. (Eng. Banking) To turn into cash; to cash. Sat. Rev. Encashment En*cash"ment (?), n. (Eng. Banking) The payment in cash of a note, draft, etc. Encauma En*cau"ma (?), n. [NL., from Gr. Encaustic.] (Med.) An ulcer in the eye, upon the cornea, which causes the loss of the humors. Dunglison. Encaustic En*caus"tic (?), a. [L. encausticus, Gr. encaustique. See Caustic, and cf. Ink.] (Fine Arts) Prepared by means of heat; burned in. Encaustic painting (Fine Arts), painting by means of wax with which the colors are combined, and which is afterwards fused with hot irons, thus fixing the colors. -- Encaustic tile (Fine Arts), an earthenware tile which has a decorative pattern and is not wholly of one color. Encaustic En*caus"tic, n. [L. encaustica, Gr. encaustique. See Encaustic, a.] The method of painting in heated wax, or in any way where heat is used to fix the colors. Encave En*cave" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + cave: cf. F. encaver. Cf. Incavated.] To hide in, or as in, a cave or recess. "Do but encave yourself." Shak. -ence -ence (?). [F. -ence, L. -entia.] A noun suffix signifying action, state, or quality; also, that which relates to the action or state; as in emergence, diffidence, diligence, influence, difference, excellence. See -ance. Enceinte En`ceinte" (?), n. [F., fr. enceindre to gird about, surround, L. incingere; in (intens). + cingere to gird. See Cincture.] 1. (Fort.) The line of works which forms the main inclosure of a fortress or place; -- called also body of the place. 2. The area or town inclosed by a line of fortification. The suburbs are not unfrequently larger than their enceinte. S. W. Williams. Enceinte En`ceinte", a. [F., fr. L. in not + cinctus, p. p. of cingere to gird about.] Pregnant; with child. Encenia En*ce"ni*a (?), n. pl. [LL. encaenia, fr. Gr. A festival commemorative of the founding of a city or the consecration of a church; also, the ceremonies (as at Oxford and Cambridge, England) commemorative of founders or benefactors. Encense En*cense" (?), v. t. & i. [F. encenser, fr. encens. See Incense, n.] To offer incense to or upon; to burn incense. [Obs.] Chaucer. Encephalic En`ce*phal"ic (?), a. [See Encephalon.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the encephalon or brain. Encephalitis En*ceph`a*li"tis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the brain. -- En`ceph*a*lit"ic (#), a. Encephalocele En*ceph"a*lo*cele (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) Hernia of the brain. Encephaloid En*ceph"a*loid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] Resembling the material of the brain; cerebriform. Encephaloid cancer (Med.), a very malignant form of cancer of brainlike consistency. See under Cancer. Encephaloid En*ceph"a*loid, n. An encephaloid cancer. Encephalology En*ceph`a*lol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The science which treats of the brain, its structure and functions. Encephalon En*ceph"a*lon (?), n. [NL. See Encephalos.] (Anat.) The contents of the cranium; the brain. Encephalopathy En*ceph`a*lop"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) Any disease or symptoms of disease referable to disorders of the brain; as, lead encephalopathy, the cerebral symptoms attending chronic lead poisoning. Encephalos En*ceph"a*los (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The encephalon. In man the encephalos reaches its full size about seven years of age. Sir W. Hamilton. Encephalotomy En*ceph`a*lot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. (Surg.) The act or art of dissecting the brain. Encephalous En*ceph"a*lous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a head; -- said of most Mollusca; -- opposed to acephalous. Enchafe En*chafe" (?), v. t. To chafe; to enrage; to heat. [Obs.] Shak. Enchafing En*chaf"ing, n. Heating; burning. [Obs.] The wicked enchaufing or ardure of this sin [lust]. Chaucer. Enchain En*chain" (?), v. t. [F. encha\'8cner; pref. en- (L. in) cha\'8cne chain. See Chain, and cf. Incatenation.] 1. To bind with a chain; to hold in chains. 2. To hold fast; to confine; as, to enchain attention. 3. To link together; to connect. Howell. Enchainment En*chain"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. encha\'8cnement.] The act of enchaining, or state of being enchained. Enchair En*chair" (?), v. t. To seat in a chair. Tennyson. Enchannel En*chan"nel (?), v. t. To make run in a channel. "Its waters were enchanneled." Sir D. Brewster. Enchant En*chant" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enchanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Enchanting.] [F. enchanter, L. incantare to chant or utter a magic formula over or against one, to bewitch; in in, against + cantare to sing. See Chant, and cf. Incantation.] 1. To charm by sorcery; to act on by enchantment; to get control of by magical words and rites. And now about the caldron sing, Like elves and fairies in a ring, Enchanting all that you put in. Shak. He is enchanted, cannot speak. Tennyson. 2. To delight in a high degree; to charm; to enrapture; as, music enchants the ear. Arcadia was the charmed circle where all his spirits forever should be enchanted. Sir P. Sidney. Syn. -- To charm; bewitch; fascinate. Cf. Charm. Enchanted En*chant"ed (?), a. Under the power of enchantment; possessed or exercised by enchanters; as, an enchanted castle. Enchanter En*chant"er (?), n. [Cf. F. enchanteur.] One who enchants; a sorcerer or magician; also, one who delights as by an enchantment. Like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing. Shelley. Enchanter's nightshade (Bot.), a genus (Circ\'91a) of low inconspicuous, perennial plants, found in damp, shady places. Enchanting En*chant"ing, a. Having a power of enchantment; charming; fascinating. -- En*chant"ing*ly, adv. Enchantment En*chant"ment (?), n. [F. enchantement.] 1. The act of enchanting; the production of certain wonderful effects by the aid of demons, or the agency of supposed spirits; the use of magic arts, spells, or charms; incantation. After the last enchantment you did here. Shak. 2. The effect produced by the act; the state of being enchanted; as, to break an enchantment. 3. That which captivates the heart and senses; an influence or power which fascinates or highly delights. Such an enchantment as there is in words. South. Syn. -- Incantation; necromancy; magic; sorcery; witchcraft; spell; charm; fascination; witchery. Enchantress En*chant"ress (?), n. [Cf. F. enchanteresse.] A woman versed in magical arts; a sorceress; also, a woman who fascinates. Shak. Encharge En*charge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encharged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Encharging (?).] [OF. enchargier, F. encharger; pref. en- (L. in) + F. charger. See Charge.] To charge (with); to impose (a charge) upon. His countenance would express the spirit and the passion of the part he was encharged with. Jeffrey. Encharge En*charge", n. A charge. [Obs.] A. Copley. Enchase En*chase" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enchased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Enchasing.] [F. ench\'83sser; pref. en- (L. in) + ch\'83sse box containing relics, frame, case, the same word as caisse case. See 1st Case, and cf. Chase, Encase, Incase.] 1. To incase or inclose in a border or rim; to surround with an ornamental casing, as a gem with gold; to encircle; to inclose; to adorn. Enchased with a wanton ivy twine. Spenser. An precious stones, in studs of gold enchased, The shaggy velvet of his buskins graced. Mickle. 2. To chase; to ornament by embossing or engraving; as, to enchase a watch case. With golden letters . . . well enchased. Spenser. 3. To delineate or describe, as by writing. [Obs.] All which . . . for to enchase, Him needeth sure a golden pen, I ween. Spenser. Enchaser En*chas"er (?), n. One who enchases. Enchasten En*chas"ten (?), v. t. To chasten. [Obs.] Encheson, Encheason En*che"son, En*chea"son (?), n. [OF. enchaison, fr. L. incidere to happen; in + cadere to fall.] Occasion, cause, or reason. [Obs.] Chaucer. Enchest En*chest" (?), v. t. [Cf. Inchest.] To inclose in a chest. Vicars. Enchiridion En`chi*rid"i*on (?), n. [L., from Gr. Handbook; a manual of devotions. Evelyn. Enchisel En*chis"el (?), v. t. To cut with a chisel. Enchodus En"cho*dus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of extinct Cretaceous fishes; -- so named from their spear-shaped teeth. They were allied to the pike (Esox). Enchondroma En`chon*dro"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. -oma.] (Med.) A cartilaginous tumor growing from the interior of a bone. Quain. Enchorial, Enchoric En*cho"ri*al (?), En*chor"ic (?), a. [Gr. Belonging to, or used in, a country; native; domestic; popular; common; -- said especially of the written characters employed by the common people of ancient Egypt, in distinction from the hieroglyphics. See Demotic. Enchylemma En`chy*lem"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) The basal substance of the cell nucleus; a hyaline or granular substance, more or less fluid during life, in which the other parts of the nucleus are imbedded. Enchyma En"chy*ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) The primitive formative juice, from which the tissues, particularly the cellular tissue, are formed. Encincture En*cinc"ture (?), n. A cincture. [Poetic] The vast encincture of that gloomy sea. Wordsworth. Encindered En*cin"dered (?), a. Burnt to cinders. [R.] Encircle En*cir"cle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encircled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Encircling (?).] [Pref. en- + circle: cf. OF. encercler.] To form a circle about; to inclose within a circle or ring; to surround; as, to encircle one in the arms; the army encircled the city. Her brows encircled with his serpent rod. Parnell. Syn. -- To encompass; surround; environ; inclose. Encirclet En*cir"clet (?), n. [Encircle + -let.] A small circle; a ring. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. Enclasp En*clasp" (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + clasp. Cf. Inclasp.] To clasp. See Inclasp. Enclave En*clave" (?), n. [F., fr. L. in + clavus a nail.] A tract of land or a territory inclosed within another territory of which it is independent. See Exclave. [Recent] Enclave En*clave", v. t. [Cf. F. enclaver.] To inclose within an alien territory. [Recent] Enclavement En*clave"ment (?), n. [F.] The state of being an enclave. [Recent] _________________________________________________________________ Page 489 Enclitic, Enclitical En*clit"ic (?), En*clit"ic*al (?), a. [L. encliticus, Gr. In, and Lean, v. i.] (Gram.) Affixed; subjoined; -- said of a word or particle which leans back upon the preceding word so as to become a part of it, and to lose its own independent accent, generally varying also the accent of the preceding word. Enclitic En*clit"ic, n. (Gram.) A word which is joined to another so closely as to lose its proper accent, as the pronoun thee in prithee (pray thee). Enclitically En*clit"ic*al*ly, adv. In an enclitic manner; by throwing the accent back. Walker. Enclitics En*clit"ics (?), n. (Gram.) The art of declining and conjugating words. Encloister En*clois"ter (?), v. t. [Cf. Incloister.] To shut up in a cloister; to cloister. Enclose En*close" (?), v. t. [F. enclos, p. p. of enclore to enclose; pref. en- (L. in) + clore to close. See Close, and cf. Inclose, Include.] To inclose. See Inclose. Enclosure En*clo"sure (?; 135), n. Inclosure. See Inclosure. NOTE: &hand; Th e wo rds en close an d en closure ar e wr itten indiscriminately enclose or inclose and enclosure or inclosure. Enclothe En*clothe" (?), v. t. To clothe. Encloud En*cloud" (?), v. t. [Cf. Incloud.] To envelop in clouds; to cloud. [R.] Spenser. Encoach En*coach" (?), v. t. [Cf. Incoach.] To carry in a coach. [R.] Davies (Wit's Pilgr.) Encoffin En*cof"fin (?), v. t. To put in a coffin. [R.] Encolden En*cold"en (?), v. t. To render cold. [Obs.] Encollar En*col"lar (?), v. t. To furnish or surround with a collar. [R.] Encolor En*col"or (?), v. t. To color. [R.] Encolure En`co`lure" (?), n. [F.] The neck of horse. R. Browning. Encomber En*com"ber (?), v. t. See Encumber. [Obs.] Encomberment En*com"ber*ment (?), n. [See Encumberment.] Hindrance; molestation.[Obs.] Spenser. Encomiast En*co"mi*ast (?), n. [Gr. encomiaste. See Encomium.] One who praises; a panegyrist. Locke. Encomiastic, Encomiastical En*co`mi*as"tic (?), En*co`mi*as"tic*al (?), a. [Gr. Bestowing praise; praising; eulogistic; laudatory; as, an encomiastic address or discourse. -- En*co`mi*as"tic*al*ly, adv. Encomiastic En*co`mi*as"tic, n. A panegyric. B. Jonson. Encomion En*co"mi*on (?), n. [NL.] Encomium; panegyric. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Encomium En*co"mi*um (?), n.; pl. Encomiums (#). [NL., fr. Gr. Comedy.] Warm or high praise; panegyric; strong commendation. His encomiums awakened all my ardor. W. Irving. Syn. -- See Eulogy. Encompass En*com"pass (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encompassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Encompassing.] To circumscribe or go round so as to surround closely; to encircle; to inclose; to environ; as, a ring encompasses the finger; an army encompasses a city; a voyage encompassing the world. Shak. A question may be encompassed with difficulty. C. J. Smith. The love of all thy sons encompass thee. Tennyson. Syn. -- To encircle; inclose; surround; include; environ; invest; hem in; shut up. Encompassment En*com"pass*ment (?), n. The act of surrounding, or the state of being surrounded; circumvention. By this encompassment and drift of question. Shak. Encore En`core" (?), adv. OR interj. [F. The last part of the word is fr. L. hora hour. See Hour.] Once more; again; -- used by the auditors and spectators of plays, concerts, and other entertainments, to call for a repetition of a particular part. Encore En`core", n. A call or demand (as, by continued applause) for a repetition; as, the encores were numerous. Encore En`core", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Encoring.] To call for a repetition or reappearance of; as, to encore a song or a singer. [Rebecca] insisted upon encoring one of the duets. Thackeray. Encorporing En*cor"po*ring (?), n. [Pref. en- + L. corpus body.] Incorporation. [Obs.] Chaucer. Encoubert En`cou`bert" (?), n. [F., Pg. encorberto, encuberto, lit., covered.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of armadillos of the genera Dasypus and Euphractus, having five toes both on the fore and hind feet. Encounter En*coun"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encountered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Encountering.] [OF. encontrer; pref. en- (L. in) + contre against, L. contra. See Counter, adv.] To come against face to face; to meet; to confront, either by chance, suddenly, or deliberately; especially, to meet in opposition or with hostile intent; to engage in conflict with; to oppose; to struggle with; as, to encounter a friend in traveling; two armies encounter each other; to encounter obstacles or difficulties, to encounter strong evidence of a truth. Then certain philosophers of the Epicureans, and of the Stoics, encountered him. Acts xvii. 18. I am most fortunate thus accidentally to encounter you. Shak. Encounter En*coun"ter, v. i. To meet face to face; to have a meeting; to meet, esp. as enemies; to engage in combat; to fight; as, three armies encountered at Waterloo. I will encounter with Andronicus. Shak. Perception and judgment, employed in the investigation of all truth, have in the first place to encounter with particulars. Tatham. Encounter En*coun"ter, n. [OF. encontre, fr. encontrer. See Encounter, v. t.] 1. A meeting face to face; a running against; a sudden or incidental meeting; an interview. To shun the encounter of the vulgar crowd. Pope. 2. A meeting, with hostile purpose; hence, a combat; a battle; as, a bloody encounter. As one for . . . fierce encounters fit. Spenser. To join their dark encounter in mid-air. Milton . Syn. -- Contest; conflict; fight; combat; assault; rencounter; attack; engagement; onset. See Contest. Encounterer En*coun"ter*er (?), n. One who encounters; an opponent; an antagonist. Atterbury. Encourage En*cour"age (?; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encouraged (?; 48); p. pr. & vb. n. Encouraging (?).] [F. encourager; pref. en- (L. in) + courage courage. See Courage.] To give courage to; to inspire with courage, spirit, or hope; to raise, or to increase, the confidence of; to animate; enhearten; to incite; to help forward; -- the opposite of discourage. David encouraged himself in the Lord. 1 Sam. xxx. 6. Syn. -- To embolden; inspirit; animate; enhearten; hearten; incite; cheer; urge; impel; stimulate; instigate; countenance; comfort; promote; advance; forward; strengthen. Encouragement En*cour"age*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. encouragement.] 1. The act of encouraging; incitement to action or to practice; as, the encouragement of youth in generosity. All generous encouragement of arts. Otway. 2. That which serves to incite, support, promote, or advance, as favor, countenance, reward, etc.; incentive; increase of confidence; as, the fine arts find little encouragement among a rude people. To think of his paternal care, Is a most sweet encouragement to prayer. Byron. Encourager En*cour"a*ger (?), n. One who encourages, incites, or helps forward; a favorer. The pope is . . . a great encourager of arts. Addison. Encouraging En*cour"a*ging (?), a. Furnishing ground to hope; inspiriting; favoring. -- En*cour"a*ging*ly, adv. Encowl En*cowl" (?), v. t. To make a monk (or wearer of a cowl) of. [R.] Drayton. Encradle En*cra"dle (?), v. t. To lay in a cradle. Encratite En"cra*tite (?), n. [L. Encratitae, pl., fr. Gr. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect in the 2d century who abstained from marriage, wine, and animal food; -- called also Continent. Encrease En*crease" (?), v. t. & i. [Obs.] See Increase. Encrimson En*crim"son (?), v. t. To give a crimson or red color to; to crimson. Shak. Encrinic, Encrinal, Encrinital En*crin"ic (?), En*cri"nal (?), En*crin"i*tal (?), a. (Paleon.) Relating to encrinites; containing encrinites, as certain kinds of limestone. Encrinite En"cri*nite (?), n. [Gr. encrinite.] (Paleon.) A fossil crinoid, esp. one belonging to, or resembling, the genus Encrinus. Sometimes used in a general sense for any crinoid. Encrinitic, Encrinitical En`cri*nit"ic (?), En`cri*nit"ic*al (?), a. (Paleon.) Pertaining to encrinites; encrinal. Encrinoidea En`cri*noid"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Encrinus and -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) That order of the Crinoidea which includes most of the living and many fossil forms, having jointed arms around the margin of the oral disk; -- also called Brachiata and Articulata. See Illusts. under Comatula and Crinoidea. Encrinus En"cri*nus (?), n.; pl. Encrini (#). [NL. See Encrinite.] (Paleon.) A genus of fossil encrinoidea, from the Mesozoic rocks. Encrisped En*crisped" (?), a. Curled. [Obs.] Skelton. Encroach En*croach" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Encroached (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Encroaching.] [OF. encrochier to perch, prop., to hook, fasten a hook (perh. confused with acrochier, F. accrocher, to hook, get hold of, E. accroach); pref. en- (L. in) + F. croc hook. See Crook, and cf. Accroach.] To enter by gradual steps or by stealth into the possessions or rights of another; to trespass; to intrude; to trench; -- commonly with on or upon; as, to encroach on a neighbor; to encroach on the highway. No sense, faculty, or member must encroach upon or interfere with the duty and office of another. South. Superstition, . . . a creeping and encroaching evil. Hooker. Exclude the encroaching cattle from thy ground. Dryden. Syn. -- To intrude; trench; infringe; invade; trespass. Encroach En*croach", n. Encroachment. [Obs.] South. Encroacher En*croach"er (?), n. One who by gradual steps enters on, and takes possession of, what is not his own. Encroachingly En*croach"ing*ly, adv. By way of encroachment. Encroachment En*croach"ment (?), n. 1. The act of entering gradually or silently upon the rights or possessions of another; unlawful intrusion. An unconstitutional encroachment of military power on the civil establishment. Bancroft. 2. That which is taken by encroaching on another. 3. (Law) An unlawful diminution of the possessions of another. Encrust En*crust" (?), v. t. To incrust. See Incrust. Encrustment En*crust"ment (?), n. That which is formed as a crust; incrustment; incrustation. Disengaging truth from its encrustment of error. I. Taylor. Encumber En*cum"ber (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Encumbered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Encumbering.] [F. encombrer; pref. en- (L. in) + OF. combrer to hinder. See Cumber, and cf. Incumber.] >[Written also incumber.] 1. To impede the motion or action of, as with a burden; to retard with something superfluous; to weigh down; to obstruct or embarrass; as, his movements were encumbered by his mantle; his mind is encumbered with useless learning. Not encumbered with any notable inconvenience. Hooker. 2. To load with debts, or other legal claims; as, to encumber an estate with mortgages. Syn. -- To load; clog; oppress; overload; embarrass; perplex; hinder; retard; obstruct; check; block. Encumberment En*cum"ber*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. encombrement.] Encumbrance. [R.] Encumbrance En*cum"brance (?), n. [Cf. OF. encombrance. Cf. Incumbrance.] 1. That which encumbers; a burden which impedes action, or renders it difficult and laborious; a clog; an impediment. See Incumbrance. 2. (Law) Same as Incumbrance. Syn. -- Burden; clog; impediment; check; hindrance. Encumbrancer En*cum"bran*cer (?), n. (Law) Same as Incumbrancer. Encurtain En*cur"tain (?), v. t. To inclose with curtains. -ency -en*cy (?). [L. -entia.] A noun suffix having much the same meaning as -ence, but more commonly signifying the quality or state; as, emergency, efficiency. See -ancy. Encyclic, Encyclical En*cyc"lic (?), En*cyc"li*cal (?), a. [L. encyclios of a circle, general, Gr. encyclique. See Cycle.] Sent to many persons or places; intended for many, or for a whole order of men; general; circular; as, an encyclical letter of a council, of a bishop, or the pope. Encyclic, Encyclical En*cyc"lic, En*cyc"li*cal, n. An encyclical letter, esp. one from a pope. Shipley. Encyclopedia, Encyclop\'91dia En*cy`clo*pe"di*a, En*cy`clo*p\'91"di*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. encyclop\'82die. See Cyclopedia, and Encyclical.] [Formerly written encyclop\'91dy and encyclopedy.] The circle of arts and sciences; a comprehensive summary of knowledge, or of a branch of knowledge; esp., a work in which the various branches of science or art are discussed separately, and usually in alphabetical order; a cyclopedia. Encyclopediacal En*cy`clo*pe*di"a*cal (?), a. Encyclopedic. Encyclopedian En*cy`clo*pe"di*an (?), a. Embracing the whole circle of learning, or a wide range of subjects. Encyclopedic, Encyclopedical En*cy`clo*ped"ic (?), En*cy`clo*ped"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. encyclop\'82dique.] Pertaining to, or of the nature of, an encyclopedia; embracing a wide range of subjects. Encyclopedism En*cy`clo*pe"dism (?), n. The art of writing or compiling encyclopedias; also, possession of the whole range of knowledge; encyclopedic learning. Encyclopedist En*cy`clo*pe"dist (?), n. [Cf. F. encyclop\'82diste.] The compiler of an encyclopedia, or one who assists in such compilation; also, one whose knowledge embraces the whole range of the sciences. The Encyclopedists, the writers of the great French encyclopedia which appeared in 1751-1772. The editors were Diderot and D'Alembert. Among the contributors were Voltaire and Rousseau. Encyst En*cyst" (?), v. t. To inclose in a cyst. Encystation En`cys*ta"tion (?), n. Encystment. Encysted En*cyst"ed (?), a. Inclosed in a cyst, or a sac, bladder, or vesicle; as, an encysted tumor. The encysted venom, or poison bag, beneath the adder's fang. Coleridge. Encystment En*cyst"ment (?), n. 1. (Biol.) A process which, among some of the lower forms of life, precedes reproduction by budding, fission, spore formation, etc. NOTE: &hand; Th e animal (a) first contracts its body to a globular mass (b) and then secretes a transparent cyst (c), after which the mass divides into two or more parts (as in d e), each of which attains freedom by the bursting of the cyst, and becomes an individual animal. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A process by which many internal parasites, esp. in their larval states, become inclosed within a cyst in the muscles, liver, etc. See Trichina. End End (?), n. [OE. & AS. ende; akin to OS. endi, D. einde, eind, OHG. enti, G. ende, Icel. endir, endi, Sw. \'84nde, Dan. ende, Goth. andeis, Skr. anta. Ante-, Anti-, Answer.] 1. The extreme or last point or part of any material thing considered lengthwise (the extremity of breadth being side); hence, extremity, in general; the concluding part; termination; close; limit; as, the end of a field, line, pole, road; the end of a year, of a discourse; put an end to pain; -- opposed to beginning, when used of anything having a first part. Better is the end of a thing than the beginning thereof. Eccl. vii. 8. 2. Point beyond which no procession can be made; conclusion; issue; result, whether successful or otherwise; conclusive event; consequence. My guilt be on my head, and there an end. Shak. O that a man might know The end of this day's business ere it come! Shak. 3. Termination of being; death; destruction; extermination; also, cause of death or destruction. Unblamed through life, lamented in thy end. Pope. Confound your hidden falsehood, and award Either of you to be the other's end. Shak. I shall see an end of him. Shak. 4. The object aimed at in any effort considered as the close and effect of exertion; ppurpose; intention; aim; as, to labor for private or public ends. Losing her, the end of living lose. Dryden. When every man is his own end, all things will come to a bad end. Coleridge. 5. That which is left; a remnant; a fragment; a scrap; as, odds and ends. I clothe my naked villainy With old odd ends stolen out of holy writ, And seem a saint, when most I play the devil. Shak. 6. (Carpet Manuf.) One of the yarns of the worsted warp in a Brussels carpet. _________________________________________________________________ Page 490 An end. (a) On end; upright; erect; endways. Spenser (b) To the end; continuously. [Obs.] Richardson. -- End bulb (Anat.), one of the bulblike bodies in which some sensory nerve fibers end in certain parts of the skin and mucous membranes; -- also called end corpuscles. -- End fly, a bobfly. -- End for end, one end for the other; in reversed order. -- End man, the last man in a row; one of the two men at the extremities of a line of minstrels. -- End on (Naut.), bow foremost. -- End organ (Anat.), the structure in which a nerve fiber ends, either peripherally or centrally. -- End plate (Anat.), one of the flat expansions in which motor nerve fibers terminate on muscular fibers. -- End play (Mach.), movement endwise, or room for such movement. -- End stone (Horol.), one of the two plates of a jewel in a timepiece; the part that limits the pivot's end play. -- Ends of the earth, the remotest regions of the earth. -- In the end, finally. Shak. -- On end, upright; erect. -- To the end, in order. Bacon. -- To make both ends meet, to live within one's income. Fuller. -- To put an end to, to destroy. End End (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ended; p. pr. & vb. n. Ending.] 1. To bring to an end or conclusion; to finish; to close; to terminate; as, to end a speech. "I shall end this strife." Shak. On the seventh day God ended his work. Gen. ii. 2. 2. To form or be at the end of; as, the letter k ends the word back. 3. To destroy; to put to death. "This sword hath ended him." Shak. To end up, to lift or tilt, so as to set on end; as, to end up a hogshead. End End, v. i. To come to the ultimate point; to be finished; to come to a close; to cease; to terminate; as, a voyage ends; life ends; winter ends. Endable End"a*ble (?), a. That may be ended; terminable. Endall End"*all` (?), n. Complete termination. [R.] That but this blow Might be the be-all and the end-all here. Shak. Endamage En*dam"age (?; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endamaged (?; 48); p. pr. & vb. n. Endamaging (?).] [Pref. en- + damage: cf. F. endommager.] To bring loss or damage to; to harm; to injure. [R.] The trial hath endamaged thee no way. Milton. Endamageable En*dam"age*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being damaged, or injured; damageable. [Obs.] Endamagement En*dam"age*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. endommagement.] Damage; injury; harm. [Obs.] Shak. Endamnify En*dam"ni*fy (?), v. t. To damnify; to injure. [R.] Sandys. Endanger En*dan"ger (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endangered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Endangering.] 1. To put to hazard; to bring into danger or peril; to expose to loss or injury; as, to endanger life or peace. All the other difficulties of his reign only exercised without endangering him. Burke. 2. To incur the hazard of; to risk. [Obs.] He that turneth the humors back . . . endangereth malign ulcers. Bacon. Endangerment En*dan"ger*ment (?), n. Hazard; peril. Milton. Endark En*dark" (?), v. t. To darken. [Obs.] Feltham. Endaspidean En`das*pid"e*an (?), a. [Endo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having the anterior scutes extending around the tarsus on the inner side; -- said of certain birds. Endazzle En*daz"zle (?), v. t. To dazzle. [Obs.] "Endazzled eyes." Milton. Endear En*dear" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endeared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Endearing.] 1. To make dear or beloved. "To be endeared to a king." Shak. 2. To raise the price or cost of; to make costly or expensive. [R.] King James I. (1618). Endearedly En*dear"ed*ly (?), adv. With affection or endearment; dearly. Endearedness En*dear"ed*ness, n. State of being endeared. Endearing En*dear"ing, a. Making dear or beloved; causing love. -- En*dear"ing*ly, adv. Endearment En*dear"ment (?), n. The act of endearing or the state of being endeared; also, that which manifests, excites, or increases, affection. "The great endearments of prudent and temperate speech." Jer. Taylor. Her first endearments twining round the soul. Thomson. Endeavor En*deav"or (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endeavored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Endeavoring.] [OE. endevor; pref. en- + dever, devoir, duty, F. devoir: cf. F. se mettre en devoir de faire quelque chose to try to do a thing, to go about it. See Devoir, Debt.] [Written also endeavour.] To exert physical or intellectual strength for the attainment of; to use efforts to effect; to strive to achieve or reach; to try; to attempt. It is our duty to endeavor the recovery of these beneficial subjects. Ld. Chatham. To endeavor one's self, to exert one's self strenuously to the fulfillment of a duty. [Obs.] "A just man that endeavoreth himself to leave all wickedness." Latimer. Endeavor En*deav"or, v. i. To exert one's self; to work for a certain end. And such were praised who but endeavored well. Pope. NOTE: Usually wi th an in finitive; as, to endeavor to outstrip an antagonist. He had . . . endeavored earnestly to do his duty. Prescott. Syn. -- To attempt; try; strive; struggle; essay; aim; seek. Endeavor En*deav"or, n. [Written also endeavour.] An exertion of physical or intellectual strength toward the attainment of an object; a systematic or continuous attempt; an effort; a trial. To employ all my endeavor to obey you. Sir P. Sidney. To do one's endeavor, to do one's duty; to put forth strenuous efforts to attain an object; -- a phrase derived from the Middle English phrase "to do one's dever" (duty). "Mr. Prynne proceeded to show he had done endeavor to prepare his answer." Fuller. Syn. -- Essay; trial; effort; exertion. See Attempt. Endeavorer En*deav"or*er (?), n. One who makes an effort or attempt. [Written also endeavourer.] Endeavorment En*deav"or*ment (?), n. Act of endeavoring; endeavor. [Obs.] Spenser. Endecagon En*dec"a*gon (?), n. [See Hendecagon.] (Geom.) A plane figure of eleven sides and angles. Endecagynous En`de*cag"y*nous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having eleven pistils; as, an endecagynous flower. Endecane En"de*cane (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) One of the higher hydrocarbons of the paraffin series, C11H24, found as a constituent of petroleum. [Written also hendecane.] Endecaphyllous En`de*caph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Composed of eleven leaflets; -- said of a leaf. Endeictic En*deic"tic (?), a. [Gr. Serving to show or exhibit; as, an endeictic dialogue, in the Platonic philosophy, is one which exhibits a specimen of skill. Enfield. Endeixis En*deix"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Endeictic.] (Med.) An indication. Endemial En*de"mi*al (?), a. Endemic. [R.] Endemic, Endemical En*de"mic (?), En*de"mic*al (?), a. [Gr. end\'82mique.] (Med.) Peculiar to a district or particular locality, or class of persons; as, an endemic disease. NOTE: &hand; An endemic disease is one which is constantly present to a greater or less degree in any place, as distinguished from an epidemic disease, which prevails widely at some one time, or periodically, and from a sporadic disease, of which a few instances occur now and then. Endemic En*dem"ic, n. (Med.) An endemic disease. Fear, which is an endemic latent in every human heart, sometimes rises into an epidemic. J. B. Heard. Endemically En*dem"ic*al*ly, adv. In an endemic manner. Endemiology En*dem`i*ol"o*gy (?), n. The science which treats of endemic affections. Endenization En*den`i*za"tion (?), n. The act of naturalizing. [R.] Endenize En*den"ize (?), v. t. To endenizen. [Obs.] Endenizen En*den"i*zen (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + denizen. Cf. Indenizen.] To admit to the privileges of a denizen; to naturalize. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Ender End"er (?), n. One who, or that which, makes an end of something; as, the ender of my life. Endermatic En`der*mat"ic (?), a. Endermic. Endermic En*der"mic (?), a. [Gr. (Med.) Acting through the skin, or by direct application to the skin. Endermic method, that in which the medicine enters the system through the skin, being applied either to the sound skin, or to the surface denuded of the cuticle by a blister. Endermically En*der"mic*al*ly (?), adv. By the endermic method; as, applied endermically. Enderon En"de*ron (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The deep sensitive and vascular layer of the skin and mucous membranes. -- En`de*ron"ic, a. Endiademed En*di"a*demed (?), a. Diademed. [R.] Endiaper En*di"a*per (?), v. t. [See Diaper.] To decorate with a diaper pattern. Endict En*dict" (?), v. t. See Indict. Endictment En*dict"ment (?), n. See Indictment. Ending End"ing (?), n. 1. Termination; concluding part; result; conclusion; destruction; death. 2. (Gram.) The final syllable or letter of a word; the part joined to the stem. See 3d Case, 5. Ending day, day of death. Chaucer. Endite En*dite (?), v. t. See Indite. Spenser. Endive En"dive (?), n. [F. endive (cf. Pr., Sp. Pg., & It. endivia), fr. a deriv. of L. intibus, intybus, endive.] (Bot.) A composite herb (Cichorium Endivia). Its finely divided and much curled leaves, when blanched, are used for salad. Wild endive (Bot.), chicory or succory. Endless End"less (?), a. [AS. endele\'a0s. See End.] 1. Without end; having no end or conclusion; perpetual; interminable; -- applied to length, and to duration; as, an endless line; endless time; endless bliss; endless praise; endless clamor. 2. Infinite; excessive; unlimited. Shak. 3. Without profitable end; fruitless; unsatisfying. [R.] "All loves are endless." Beau. & Fl. 4. Void of design; objectless; as, an endless pursuit. Endless chain, a chain which is made continuous by uniting its two ends. -- Endless screw. (Mech.) See under Screw. Syn. -- Eternal; everlasting; interminable; infinite; unlimited; incessant; perpetual; uninterrupted; continual; unceasing; unending; boundless; undying; imperishable. Endlessly End"less*ly, adv. In an endless manner. Endlessness End"less*ness, n. [AS. endele\'a0snys.] The quality of being endless; perpetuity. Endlong End"long` (?; 115), adv. & prep. [Cf. Along.] Lengthwise; along. [Archaic] The doors were all of adamants eterne, I-clenched overthwart and endelong With iron tough. Chaucer. He pricketh endelong the large space. Chaucer. To thrust the raft endlong across the moat. Sir W. Scott. Endmost End"most` (?), a. Farthest; remotest; at the very end. Tylor. Endo-, End- En"do- (?), End- (?). [Gr. In.] A combining form signifying within; as, endocarp, endogen, endocuneiform, endaspidean. Endoblast En"do*blast (?), n. [Endo- + -blast.] (Biol.) Entoblast; endoplast. See Nucleus, Endoblastic En`do*blas"tic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to the endoblast; as, the endoblastic layer. Endocardiac, Endocardial En`do*car"di*ac (?), En`do*car"di*al (?), a. 1. Pertaining to the endocardium. 2. (Med.) Seated or generated within the heart; as, endocardial murmurs. Endocarditis En`do*car*di"tis (?), n. [NL. See -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the endocardium. Endocardium En`do*car"di*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The membrane lining the cavities of the heart. Endocarp En"do*carp (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. endocarpe.] (Bot.) The inner layer of a ripened or fructified ovary. Endochondral En`do*chon"dral (?), a. [Endo- + Gr. (Physiol.) Growing or developing within cartilage; -- applied esp. to developing bone. Endochrome En"do*chrome (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. (Bot.) The coloring matter within the cells of plants, whether green, red, yellow, or any other color. Endoctrine En*doc"trine (?), v. t. [Pref. en- + doctrine.] To teach; to indoctrinate. [Obs.] Donne. Endocyst En"do*cyst (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The inner layer of the cells of Bryozoa. Endoderm En"do*derm (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. (Biol.) (a) The inner layer of the skin or integument of an animal. (b) The innermost layer of the blastoderm and the structures derived from it; the hypoblast; the entoblast. See Illust. of Ectoderm. Endodermal, Endodermic En`do*der"mal (?), En`do*der"mic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to the endoderm. Endodermis En`do*der"mis (?), n. [NL. See Endoderm.] (Bot.) A layer of cells forming a kind of cuticle inside of the proper cortical layer, or surrounding an individual fibrovascular bundle. Endogamous En*dog"a*mous (?), a. [Endo- + Gr. Marrying within the same tribe; -- opposed to exogamous. Endogamy En*dog"a*my (?), n. Marriage only within the tribe; a custom restricting a man in his choice of a wife to the tribe to which he belongs; -- opposed to exogamy. Endogen En"do*gen (?), n. [Endo- + -gen: cf. F. endog\'8ane.] (Bot.) A plant which increases in size by internal growth and elongation at the summit, having the wood in the form of bundles or threads, irregularly distributed throughout the whole diameter, not forming annual layers, and with no distinct pith. The leaves of the endogens have, usually, parallel veins, their flowers are mostly in three, or some multiple of three, parts, and their embryos have but a single cotyledon, with the first leaves alternate. The endogens constitute one of the great primary classes of plants, and included all palms, true lilies, grasses, rushes, orchids, the banana, pineapple, etc. See Exogen. Endogenesis En`do*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Endo- + genesis.] (Biol.) Endogeny. Endogenetic En`do*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Endogenous. Endogenous En*dog"e*nous (?), a. 1. (Bot.) Increasing by internal growth and elongation at the summit, instead of externally, and having no distinction of pith, wood, and bark, as the rattan, the palm, the cornstalk. 2. (Biol.) Originating from within; increasing by internal growth. Endogenous multiplication (Biol.), a method of cell formation, seen in cells having a cell wall. The nucleus and protoplasm divide into two distinct masses; these in turn become divided and subdivided, each division becoming a new cell, until finally the original cell wall is ruptured and the new cells are liberated (see Segmentation, and Illust. of Cell Division, under Division). This mode of growth is characteristic of many forms of cells, both animal and vegetable. Endogenously En*dog"e*nous*ly, adv. By endogenous growth. Endogeny En*dog"e*ny (?), n. [See Endogenesis.] (Biol.) Growth from within; multiplication of cells by endogenous division, as in the development of one or more cells in the interior of a parent cell. Endognath En"dog*nath (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The inner or principal branch of the oral appendages of Crustacea. See Maxilla. Endognathal En*dog"na*thal (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the endognath. Endolymph En"do*lymph (?), n. [Endo- + lymph: cf. F. endolymphe.] (Anat.) The watery fluid contained in the membranous labyrinth of the internal ear. Endolymphangial En"do*lym*phan"gi*al (?), a. [Endo- + lymphangial.] (Anat.) Within a lymphatic vessel. Endolymphatic En"do*lym*phat"ic (?), a. [Endo- + lymphatic.] (Anat.) (a) Pertaining to, or containing, endolymph; as, the endolymphatic duct. (b) Within a lymphatic vessel; endolymphangial. Endome En*dome" (?), v. t. To cover as with a dome. Endometritis En`do*me*tri"tis (?), n. [NL. See Endometrium, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the endometrium. Endometrium En`do*me"tri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The membrane lining the inner surface of the uterus, or womb. Endomorph En"do*morph (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. (Min.) A crystal of one species inclosed within one of another, as one of rutile inclosed in quartz. Endomysium En`do*my"si*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The delicate bands of connective tissue interspersed among muscular fibers. Endoneurium En`do*neu"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The delicate bands of connective tissue among nerve fibers. Endoparasite En`do*par"a*site (?), n. [Endo- + parasite.] (Zo\'94l.) Any parasite which lives in the internal organs of an animal, as the tapeworms, Trichina, etc.; -- opposed to ectoparasite. See Entozo\'94n. -- En`do*par`a*sit"ic (#), a. _________________________________________________________________ Page 491 Endophl En`do*phl (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) The inner layer of the bark of trees. Endophragma En`do*phrag"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A chitinous structure above the nervous cord in the thorax of certain Crustacea. Endophragmal En`do*phrag"mal (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the endophragma. Endophyllous En*doph"yl*lous (?), a. [Endo- + Gr. (Bot.) Wrapped up within a leaf or sheath. Endoplasm En"do*plasm (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. (Biol.) The protoplasm in the interior of a cell. Endoplasma En`do*plas"ma (?), n. [NL. See Endoplasm.] (Biol.) Same as Entoplasm and Endosarc. Endoplast En"do*plast (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. (Biol.) See Nucleus. Endoplastica En`do*plas"ti*ca (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of Rhizopoda having a distinct nucleus, as the am Endoplastule En`do*plas"tule (?; 135), n. [A dim. fr. endo- + Gr. (Biol.) See Nucleolus. Endopleura En`do*pleu"ra, n. [NL., fr. Gr. Pleura.] (Bot.) The inner coating of a seed. See Tegmen. Endopleurite En`do*pleu"rite (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The portion of each apodeme developed from the interepimeral membrane in certain crustaceans. Endopodite En*dop"o*dite (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The internal or principal branch of the locomotive appendages of Crustacea. See Maxilliped. Endorhiza En`do*rhi"za (?), n.; pl. Endorhiz\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) Any monocotyledonous plant; -- so named because many monocotyledons have an endorhizal embryo. NOTE: &hand; En dorhiza was proposed by Richard as a substitute for the term endogen, and exorhiza as a substitute for the term exogen; but they have not been generally adopted. Endorhizal, Endorhizous En`do*rhi"zal (?), En`do*rhi"zous (?), a. (Bot.) Having the radicle of the embryo sheathed by the cotyledon, through which the embryo bursts in germination, as in many monocotyledonous plants. Endorse En*dorse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Endorsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Endorsing.] [Formerly endosse, fr. F. endosser to put on the back, to endorse; pref. en- (L. in) + dos back, L. dorsum. See Dorsal, and cf. Indorse.] Same as Indorse. NOTE: &hand; Both endorse and indorse are used by good writers; but the tendency is to the more general use of indorse and its derivatives indorsee, indorser, and indorsement. Endorse En*dorse", n. (Her.) A subordinary, resembling the pale, but of one fourth its width (according to some writers, one eighth). Endorsee En`dor*see" (?), n. Same as Indorsee. Endorsement En*dorse"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. endossement.] Same as Indorsement. Endorser En*dors"er (?), n. Same as Indorser. Endosarc En"do*sarc (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. (Biol.) The semifluid, granular interior of certain unicellular organisms, as the inner layer of sarcode in the am\'d2ba; entoplasm; endoplasta. Endoscope En"do*scope (?), n. [Endo- + -scope.] (Med.) An instrument for examining the interior of the rectum, the urethra, and the bladder. Endoscopy En*dos"co*py (?), n. (Med.) The art or process of examining by means of the endoscope. Endoskeletal En`do*skel"e*tal (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or connected with, the endoskeleton; as, endoskeletal muscles. Endoskeleton En`do*skel"e*ton (?), n. [Endo- + skeleton.] (Anat.) The bony, cartilaginous, or other internal framework of an animal, as distinguished from the exoskeleton. Endosmometer En`dos*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Endosmose + -meter.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the force or amount of endosmotic action. Endosmometric En*dos`mo*met"ric (?), a. Pertaining to, or designed for, the measurement of endosmotic action. Endosmose, Endosmosis En"dos*mose` (?), En`dos*mo"sis (?), n. [NL. endosmosis, fr. Gr. endosmose.] (Physics) The transmission of a fluid or gas from without inward in the phenomena, or by the process, of osmose. Endosmosmic En`dos*mos"mic (?), a. Endosmotic. Endosmotic En`dos*mot"ic (?), a. Pertaining to endosmose; of the nature endosmose; osmotic. Carpenter. Endosperm En"do*sperm (?), n. [Endo- + Gr. (Bot.) The albumen of a seed; -- limited by recent writers to that formed within the embryo sac. Endospermic En`do*sper"mic (?), a. (Bot.) Relating to, accompanied by, or containing, endosperm. Endospore En"do*spore (?), n. [Endo- + spore.] (Bot.) The thin inner coat of certain spores. Endosporous En`do*spor"ous (?), a. (Bot.) Having the spores contained in a case; -- applied to fungi.