H H (?), the eighth letter of the English alphabet, is classed among the consonants, and is formed with the mouth organs in the same position as that of the succeeding vowel. It is used with certain consonants to form digraphs representing sounds which are not found in the alphabet, as sh, th, th, as in shall, thing, thine (for zh see §274); also, to modify the sounds of some other letters, as when placed after c and p, with the former of which it represents a compound sound like that of tsh, as in charm (written also tch as in catch), with the latter, the sound of f, as in phase, phantom. In some words, mostly derived or introduced from foreign languages, h following c and g indicates that those consonants have the hard sound before e, i, and y, as in chemistry, chiromancy, chyle, Ghent, Ghibelline, etc.; in some others, ch has the sound of sh, as in chicane. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 153, 179, 181-3, 237-8. NOTE: The na me (a itch) is from the French ache; its form is from the Latin, and this from the Greek H, which was used as the sign of the spiritus asper (rough breathing) before it came to represent the long vowel, Gr. y. The Greek H is from Ph\'d2nician, the ultimate origin probably being Egyptian. Etymologically H is most closely related to c; as in E. horn, L. cornu, Gr. ke`ras; E. hele, v. t., conceal; E. hide, L. cutis, Gr. ky`tos; E. hundred, L. centum, Gr. 'e-kat-on, Skr. &csdot;ata. H piece (Mining), the part of a plunger pump which contains the valve. H H (h&add;). (Mus.) The seventh degree in the diatonic scale, being used by the Germans for B natural. See B. Ha Ha (h&add;), interj. [AS.] An exclamation denoting surprise, joy, or grief. Both as uttered and as written, it expresses a great variety of emotions, determined by the tone or the context. When repeated, ha, ha, it is an expression of laughter, satisfaction, or triumph, sometimes of derisive laughter; or sometimes it is equivalent to "Well, it is so." Ha-has, and inarticulate hootings of satirical rebuke. Carlyle. Haaf Haaf (?), n. [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. & Sw. haf the sea, Dan. hav, perh. akin to E. haven.] The deepsea fishing for cod, ling, and tusk, off the Shetland Isles. Haak Haak (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A sea fish. See Hake. Ash. Haar Haar (?), n. [See Hoar.] A fog; esp., a fog or mist with a chill wind. [Scot.] T. Chalmers. Habeas corpus Ha"be*as corpus (?). [L. you may have the body.] (Law) A writ having for its object to bring a party before a court or judge; especially, one to inquire into the cause of a person's imprisonment or detention by another, with the view to protect the right to personal liberty; also, one to bring a prisoner into court to testify in a pending trial. Bouvier. Habendum Ha*ben"dum (?), n. [L., that must be had.] (Law) That part of a deed which follows the part called the premises, and determines the extent of the interest or estate granted; -- so called because it begins with the word Habendum. Kent. Haberdash Hab"er*dash (?), v. i. [See Haberdasher.] To deal in small wares. [R.] To haberdash in earth's base ware. Quarles. Haberdasher Hab"er*dash"er (?), n. [Prob. fr. Icel. hapurtask trumpery, trifles, perh. through French. It is possibly akin to E. haversack, and to Icel. taska trunk, chest, pocket, G. tasche pocket, and the orig. sense was perh., peddler's wares.] 1. A dealer in small wares, as tapes, pins, needles, and thread; also, a hatter. [Obs.] The haberdasher heapeth wealth by hats. Gascoigne. 2. A dealer in drapery goods of various descriptions, as laces, silks, trimmings, etc. Haberdashery Hab"er*dash"er*y (?), n. The goods and wares sold by a haberdasher; also (Fig.), trifles. Burke. Haberdine Hab"er*dine" (?), n. [D. abberdaan, labberdaan; or a French form, cf. OF. habordeau, from the name of a Basque district, cf. F. Labourd, adj. Labourdin. The l was misunderstood as the French article.] A cod salted and dried. Ainsworth. Habergeon Ha*ber"ge*on (?), n. [F. haubergeon a small hauberk, dim. of OF. hauberc, F. haubert. See Hauberk.] Properly, a short hauberk, but often used loosely for the hauberk. Chaucer. Habilatory Hab"i*la*to*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to clothing; wearing clothes. Ld. Lytton. Habile Hab"ile (?), a. [F. habile, L. habilis. See Able, Habit.] Fit; qualified; also, apt. [Obs.] Spenser. Habiliment Ha*bil"i*ment (?), n. [F. habillement, fr. habiller to dress, clothe, orig., to make fit, make ready, fr. habile apt, skillful, L. habilis. See Habile.] 1. A garment; an article of clothing. Camden. 2. pl. Dress, in general. Shak. Habilimented Ha*bil"i*ment*ed, a. Clothed. Taylor (1630). Habilitate Ha*bil"i*tate (?), a. [LL. habilitatus, p. p. of habilitare to enable.] Qualified or entitled. [Obs.] Bacon. Habilitate Ha*bil"i*tate (?), v. t. To fit out; to equip; to qualify; to entitle. Johnson. Habilitation Ha*bil"i*ta"tion (?), n. [LL. habilitatio: cf. F. habilitation.] Equipment; qualification. [Obs.] Bacon. Hability Ha*bil"i*ty (?), n. [See Ability.] Ability; aptitude. [Obs.] Robynson. (More's Utopia). Habit Hab"it (#) n. [OE. habit, abit fr. habit fr. L. habitus state, appearance, dress, fr. habere to have, be in a condition; prob. akin to E. have. See Have, and cf. Able, Binnacle, Debt, Due, Exhibit, Malady.] 1. The usual condition or state of a person or thing, either natural or acquired, regarded as something had, possessed, and firmly retained; as, a religious habit; his habit is morose; elms have a spreading habit; esp., physical temperament or constitution; as, a full habit of body. 2. (Biol.) The general appearance and manner of life of a living organism. 3. Fixed or established custom; ordinary course of conduct; practice; usage; hence, prominently, the involuntary tendency or aptitude to perform certain actions which is acquired by their frequent repetition; as, habit is second nature; also, peculiar ways of acting; characteristic forms of behavior. A man of very shy, retired habits. W. Irving. 4. Outward appearance; attire; dress; hence, a garment; esp., a closely fitting garment or dress worn by ladies; as, a riding habit. Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy. Shak. There are, among the states, several of Venus, in different habits. Addison. Syn. -- Practice; mode; manner; way; custom; fashion. -- Habit, Custom. Habit is a disposition or tendency leading us to do easily, naturally, and with growing certainty, what we do often; custom is external, being habitual use or the frequent repetition of the same act. The two operate reciprocally on each other. The custom of giving produces a habit of liberality; habits of devotion promote the custom of going to church. Custom also supposes an act of the will, selecting given modes of procedure; habit is a law of our being, a kind of "second nature" which grows up within us. How use doth breed a habit in a man ! Shak. He who reigns . . . upheld by old repute, Consent, or custom. Milton. Habit Hab"it (?), v. t. [ Habited; p. pr. & vb. n. Habiting.] [OE. habiten to dwell, F. habiter, fr. L. habitare to have frequently, to dwell, intens. fr. habere to have. See Habit, n.] 1. To inhabit. [Obs.] In thilke places as they [birds] habiten. Rom. of R. 2. To dress; to clothe; to array. They habited themselves lite those rural deities. Dryden. 3. To accustom; to habituate. [Obs.] Chapman. Habitability Hab"it*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Habitableness. Habitable Hab"it*a*ble (?), a. [F. habitable, L. habitbilis.] Capable of being inhabited; that may be inhabited or dwelt in; as, the habitable world. -- Hab"it*a*ble*ness, n. -- Hab"it*a*bly, adv. ______________________________________________________________ Page 662 Habitakle Hab"ita*kle (?), n [F. habitacle dwelling place, binnacle, L. habitaculum dwelling place. See Binnacle, Habit, v.] A dwelling place. Chaucer. Southey. Habitan Ha`bi`tan" (?), n. Same as Habitant, 2. General met an emissary . . . sent . . . to ascertain the feelings of the habitans or French yeomanry. W. Irwing. Habitance Hab"it*ance (?), n. [OF. habitance, LL. habitania.] Dwelling; abode; residence. [Obs.] Spenser. Habiitancy Habi"it*an*cy (?), n. Same as Inhabitancy. Habitant Hab`it*ant (?), n. [F. habitant. See Habit, v.t] 1. An inhabitant; a dweller. Milton. Pope. 2. [F. pron. (] An inhabitant or resident; -- a name applied to and denoting farmers of French descent or origin in Canada, especially in the Province of Quebec; -- usually in plural. The habitants or cultivators of the soil. Parkman. Habitat Hab`i*tat (?), n. [L., it dwells, fr. habitare. See Habit, v. t.] 1. (Biol.) The natural abode, locality or region of an animal or plant. 2. Place where anything is commonly found. This word has its habitat in Oxfordshire. Earle. Habitation Hab`i*ta"tion (?), n. [F. habitation, L. habi(atio.] 1. The act of inhabiting; state of inhabiting or dwelling, or of being inhabited; occupancy. Denham. 2. Place of abode; settled dwelling; residence; house. The Lord . . . blesseth the habitation of the just. Prov. iii. 33. Habitator Hab"ita`tor (?), n. [L.] A dweller; an inhabitant. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Habited Hab`it*ed (?), p. p. & a. 1. Clothed; arrayed; dressed; as, he was habited like a shepherd. 2. Fixed by habit; accustomed. [Obs.] So habited he was in sobriety. Fuller. 3. Inhabited. [Archaic] Another world, which is habited by the ghosts of men and women. Addison. Habitual Ha*bit"ual (?; 135), a. [Cf. F. habituel, LL. habituals. See Habit, n.] 1. Formed or acquired by habit or use. An habitual knowledge of certain rules and maxims. South. 2. According to habit; established by habit; customary; constant; as, the habiual practice of sin. It is the distinguishing mark of habitual piety to be grateful for the most common and ordinary blessings. Buckminster. Syn. -- Customary; accustomed; usual; common; wonted; ordinary; regular; familiar. -- Ha*bit"u*al*ly, adv. -- Ha*bit"u*al*ness, n. Habituate Ha*bit"u*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Habituated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Habituating (?).] [L. habituatus, p. p. of habituare to bring into a condition or habit of body: cf. F. habituer. See Habit.] 1. To make accustomed; to accustom; to familiarize. Our English dogs, who were habituated to a colder clime. Sir K. Digby. Men are first corrupted . . . and next they habituate themselves to their vicious practices. Tillotson. 2. To settle as an inhabitant. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple. Habituate Ha*bit"u*ate (?), a. Firmly established by custom; formed by habit; habitual. [R.] Hammond. Habituation Ha*bit`u*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. habituation.] The act of habituating, or accustoming; the state of being habituated. Habitude Hab"i*tude (?), n. [F., fr. L. habitudo condition. See Habit.] 1. Habitual attitude; usual or accustomed state with reference to something else; established or usual relations. South. The same ideas having immutably the same habitudes one to another. Locke. The verdict of the judges was biased by nothing else than habitudes of thinking. Landor. 2. Habitual association, intercourse, or familiarity. To write well, one must have frequent habitudes with the best company. Dryden. 3. Habit of body or of action. Shak. It is impossible to gain an exact habitude without an infinite Dryden. Habitue Ha`bi`tu`e" (?), n. [F., p. p. of habituer. See Habituate.] One who habitually frequents a place; as, an habitu\'82 of a theater. Habiture Hab"i*ture (?; 135), n. Habitude. [Obs.] Habitus Hab"i*tus (?), n. [L.] (Zo\'94l.) Habitude; mode of life; general appearance. Hable Ha"ble (?), a. See Habile. [Obs.] Spenser. Habnab Hab"nab (?), adv. [Hobnob.] By chance. [Obs.] Hachure Hach"ure (?), n. [F., fr. hacher to hack. See Hatching.] (Fine Arts) A short line used in drawing and engraving, especially in shading and denoting different surfaces, as in map drawing. See Hatching. Hacienda Ha`ci*en"da (? or ?), n. [Sp., fr. OSp. facienda employment, estate, fr. L. facienda, pl. of faciendum what is to be done, fr. facere to do. See Fact.] A large estate where work of any kind is done, as agriculture, manufacturing, mining, or raising of animals; a cultivated farm, with a good house, in distinction from a farming establishment with rude huts for herdsmen, etc.; -- a word used in Spanish-American regions. <-- 2. The main residence of a hacienda 1. --> Hack Hack (?), n. [See Hatch a half door.] 1. A frame or grating of various kinds; as, a frame for drying bricks, fish, or cheese; a rack for feeding cattle; a grating in a mill race, etc. 2. Unburned brick or tile, stacked up for drying. Hack Hack, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hacked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hacking.] [OE. hakken; akin to D. hakken, G. hacken, Dan. hakke, Sw. hacka, and perh. to E. hew. Cf. Hew to cut, Haggle.] 1. To cut irregulary, without skill or definite purpose; to notch; to mangle by repeated strokes of a cutting instrument; as, to hack a post. My sword hacked like a handsaw. Shak. 2. Fig.: To mangle in speaking. Shak. Hack Hack, v. i. To cough faintly and frequently, or in a short, broken manner; as, a hacking cough. Hack Hack, n. 1. A notch; a cut. Shak. 2. An implement for cutting a notch; a large pick used in breaking stone. 3. A hacking; a catch in speaking; a short, broken cough. Dr. H. More. 4. (Football) A kick on the shins. T. Hughes. Hack saw , a handsaw having a narrow blade stretched in an iron frame, for cutting metal. Hack Hack (?), n. [Shortened fr. hackney. See Hackney.] 1. A horse, hackneyed or let out for common hire; also, a horse used in all kinds of work, or a saddle horse, as distinguished from hunting and carriage horses. 2. A coach or carriage let for hire; particularly, a a coach with two seats inside facing each other; a hackney coach. On horse, on foot, in hacks and gilded chariots. Pope. 3. A bookmaker who hires himself out for any sort of literary work; an overworked man; a drudge. Here lies poor Ned Purdon, from misery freed, Who long was a bookseller's hack. Goldsmith. 4. A procuress. Hack Hack, a. Hackneyed; hired; mercenary. Wakefield. Hack writer, a hack; one who writes for hire. "A vulgar hack writer." Macaulay. Hack Hack, v. t. 1. To use as a hack; to let out for hire. 2. To use frequently and indiscriminately, so as to render trite and commonplace.<-- = hackney? --> The word "remarkable" has been so hacked of late. J. H. Newman. Hack Hack, v. i. 1. To be exposed or offered or to common use for hire; to turn prostitute. Hanmer. 2. To live the life of a drudge or hack. Goldsmith. Hackamore Hack"a*more (?), n. [Cf. Sp. jaquima headstall of a halter.] A halter consisting of a long leather or rope strap and headstall, -- used for leading or tieing a pack animal. [Western U.S.] Hackberry Hack"ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) A genus of trees (Celtis) related to the elm, but bearing drupes with scanty, but often edible, pulp. C. occidentalis is common in the Eastern United States. Gray. Hackbolt Hack"bolt` (?), n, (Zo\'94l.) The greater shearwater or hagdon. See Hagdon. Hackbuss Hack"buss (?), n. Same as Hagbut. Hackee Hack"ee (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The chipmunk; also, the chickaree or red squirrel. [U.S.] Hacker Hack"er (?), n. One who, or that which, hacks. Specifically: A cutting instrument for making notches; esp., one used for notching pine trees in collecting turpentine; a hack. Hackery Hack"er*y (?), n. [Hind. chakr\'be.] A cart with wooden wheels, drawn by bullocks. [Bengal] Malcom. Hackle Hac"kle (?), n. [See Heckle, and cf. Hatchel.] 1. A comb for dressing flax, raw silk, etc.; a hatchel. 2. Any flimsy substance unspun, as raw silk. 3. One of the peculiar, long, narrow feathers on the neck of fowls, most noticeable on the cock, -- often used in making artificial flies; hence, any feather so used. 4. An artificial fly for angling, made of feathers. Hackle Hac"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hackled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hackling (?).] 1. To separate, as the coarse part of flax or hemp from the fine, by drawing it through the teeth of a hackle or hatchel. 2. To tear asunder; to break in pieces. The other divisions of the kingdom being hackled and torn to pieces. Burke. Hackly Hac"kly (?), a. [From Hackle] 1. Rough or broken, as if hacked. 2. (Min.) Having fine, short, and sharp points on the surface; as, the hackly fracture of metallic iron. Hackman Hack"man (?), n.; pl. Hackmen (. The driver of a hack or carriage for public hire. Hackmatack Hack"ma*tack` (?), n. [Of American Indian origin.] (Bot.) The American larch (Larix Americana), a coniferous tree with slender deciduous leaves; also, its heavy, close-grained timber. Called also tamarack. Hackney Hack"ney (?), n.; pl. Hackneys (#). [OE. haceney, hacenay; cf. F. haquen\'82e a pacing horse, an ambling nag, OF. also haquen\'82e, Sp. hacanea, OSp. facanea, D. hakkenei, also OF. haque horse, Sp. haca, OSp. faca; perh akin to E. hack to cut, and orig. meaning, a jolting horse. Cf. Hack a horse, Nag.] 1. A horse for riding or driving; a nag; a pony. Chaucer. 2. A horse or pony kept for hire. 3. A carriage kept for hire; a hack; a hackney coach. 4. A hired drudge; a hireling; a prostitute. Hackney Hack"ney, a. Let out for hire; devoted to common use; hence, much used; trite; mean; as, hackney coaches; hackney authors. "Hackney tongue." Roscommon. <-- also hackneyed --> Hackney Hack"ney, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hackneyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hackneying.] 1. To devote to common or frequent use, as a horse or carriage; to wear out in common service; to make trite or commonplace; as, a hackneyed metaphor or quotation. Had I lavish of my presence been, So common-hackneyed in the eyes of men. Shak. 2. To carry in a hackney coach. Cowper. Hackneyman Hack"ney*man (?), n.; pl. Hackneymen (. A man who lets horses and carriages for hire. Hackster Hack"ster (?), n. [From Hack to cut.] A bully; a bravo; a ruffian; an assassin. [Obs.] Milton. Hacqueton Hac"que*ton (?), n. Same as Acton. [Obs.] Had Had (?), imp. & p. p. of Have. [OE.had, hafde, hefde, AS. h\'91fde.] See Have. Had as lief, Had rather, Had better, Had as soon, etc., with a nominative and followed by the infinitive without to, are well established idiomatic forms. The original construction was that of the dative with forms of be, followed by the infinitive. See Had better, under Better. And lever me is be pore and trewe. [And more agreeable to me it is to be poor and true.] C. Mundi (Trans. ). Him had been lever to be syke. [To him it had been preferable to be sick.] Fabian. For him was lever have at his bed's head Twenty bookes, clad in black or red, . . . Than robes rich, or fithel, or gay sawtrie. Chaucer. NOTE: Gradually the nominative was substituted for the dative, and had for the forms of be. During the process of transition, the nominative with was or were, and the dative with had, are found. Poor lady, she were better love a dream. Shak. You were best hang yourself. Beau. & Fl. Me rather had my heart might feel your love Than my unpleased eye see your courtesy. Shak. I hadde levere than my scherte, That ye hadde rad his legende, as have I. Chaucer. I had as lief not be as live to be In awe of such a thing as I myself. Shak. I had rather be a dog and bay the moon, Than such a Roman. Shak. I had rather be a doorkeeper in the house of my God, than to dwell in the tents of wickedness. Ps. lxxxiv.10. Hadder Had"der (?), n. Heather; heath. [Obs.] Burton. Haddie Had"die (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The haddock. [Scot.] Haddock Had"dock (?), n. [OE. hadoc, haddok, of unknown origin; cf. Ir. codog, Gael. adag, F. hadot.] (Zo\'94l.) A marine food fish (Melanogrammus \'91glefinus), allied to the cod, inhabiting the northern coasts of Europe and America. It has a dark lateral line and a black spot on each side of the body, just back of the gills. Galled also haddie, and dickie. Norway haddock, a marine edible fish (Sebastes marinus) of Northern Europe and America. See Rose fish. Hade Hade (?), n. [Cf. heald inclined, bowed down, G. halde declivity.] 1. The descent of a hill. [Obs.] 2. (Mining) The inclination or deviation from the vertical of any mineral vein. Hade Hade, v. i. (Mining) To deviate from the vertical; -- said of a vein, fault, or lode. Hades Ha"des (?), n. [Gr.Un-, Wit.] The nether world (according to classical mythology, the abode of the shades, ruled over by Hades or Pluto); the invisible world; the grave. And death and Hades gave up the dead which were in them. Rev. xx. 13 (Rev. Ver. ). Neither was he left in Hades, nor did his flesh see corruption. Acts ii. 31 (Rev. Ver.). And in Hades he lifted up his eyes, being in torments. Luke xvi.23 (Rev. Ver.). Hadj Hadj (?), n. [Ar.hajj, fr. hajja to set out, walk, go on a pilgrimage.] The pilgrimage to Mecca, performed by Mohammedans. Hadji Hadj"i (?), n. [Ar. h\'bej&imac;. See Hadj.] 1. A Mohammedan pilgrim to Mecca; -- used among Orientals as a respectful salutation or a title of honor. G. W. Curtis. 2. A Greek or Armenian who has visited the holy sepulcher at Jerusalem. Heyse. Hadrosaurus Had`ro*sau"rus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "adro`s thick + say^ros lizard.] (Paleon.) An American herbivorous dinosaur of great size, allied to the iguanodon. It is found in the Cretaceous formation. H\'91cceity H\'91c*ce`i*ty (?), [L. h\'91cce this.] (Logic) Literally, this-ness. A scholastic term to express individuality or singleness; as, this book. H\'91ma- H\'91m"a- (, H\'91m"a*to- (, H\'91m"o- (. [Gr. ai^"ma, blood.] Combining forms indicating relation or resemblance to blood, association with blood; as, h\'91mapod, h\'91matogenesis, h\'91moscope. NOTE: &hand; Wo rds fr om Gr . (h ema-, he mato-, hemo-, as well as h\'91ma-, h\'91mato-, h\'91mo-. H\'91machrome H\'91m"a*chrome (? OR ?), n. [H\'91ma- + Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) Hematin. H\'91macyanin H\'91m`a*cy"a*nin (?), n. [H\'91ma- + Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) A substance found in the blood of the octopus, which gives to it its blue color. NOTE: &hand; Wh en de prived of oxygen it is colorless, but becomes quickly blue in contact with oxygen, and is then generally called oxyh\'91macyanin. A similar blue coloring matter has been detected in small quantity in the blood of other animals and in the bile. H\'91macytometer H\'91m`a*cy*tom"e*ter (?), n. [H\'91ma + Gr. -meter.] (Physiol.) An apparatus for determining the number of corpuscles in a given quantity of blood. H\'91mad H\'91"mad (?), adv. [H\'91ma- + L. ad toward.] (Anat.) Toward the h\'91mal side; on the h\'91mal side of; -- opposed to neurad. H\'91madrometer or, H\'91madremometer H\'91m`a*drom"e*ter (? or ?), H\'91m`a*dre*mom"e*ter (?), n. Same as Hemadrometer. H\'91madrometry,H\'91madromometry H\'91m`a*drom"e*try (?),H\'91m`a*dro*mom"e*try (?), n. Same as Hemadrometry. H\'91madromograph H\'91m`a*drom"o*graph (?), n. [H\'91ma- + Gr. -graph.] (Physiol.) An instrument for registering the velocity of the blood. H\'91madynameter or H\'91madynamometer H\'91`ma*dy*nam"e*ter (? or ?) H\'91`ma*dy`na*mom"e*ter (? or ?), Same as Hemadynamometer. H\'91madynamics H\'91ma*dy*nam"ics (, n. Same as Hemadynamics. H\'91mal H\'91"mal (?), a. [Gr. Pertaining to the blood or blood vessels; also, ventral. See Hemal. H\'91maph\'91in H\'91m`a*ph\'91"in (?), n. [H\'91ma- + Gr. (Physiol.) A brownish substance sometimes found in the blood, in cases of jaundice. H\'91mapod H\'91m"a*pod (? or ?), n. [H\'91ma + -pod.] (Zo\'94l.) An h\'91mapodous animal. G. Rolleston. _________________________________________________________________ Page 663 H\'91mapodous H\'91*map"o*dous (?), a. (Anat.) Having the limbs on, or directed toward, the ventral or hemal side, as in vertebrates; -- opposed to neuropodous. H\'91mapoietic H\'91m`a*poi*et"ic (? or ?), a. [H\'91ma- + Gr. (Physiol.) Bloodforming; as, the h\'91mapoietic function of the spleen. H\'91mapophysis H\'91m`a*poph"y*sis (?), n. [NL.] Same as Hemapophysis. -- H\'91m`a*po*phys"i*al (#), a. H\'91mastatics H\'91m`a*stat"ics, n. Same as Hemastatics. H\'91matachometer H\'91m`a*ta*chom"e*ter (?), n. [H\'91ma- + Gr. -meter.] (Physiol.) A form of apparatus (somewhat different from the hemadrometer) for measuring the velocity of the blood. H\'91matachometry H\'91m`a*ta*chom"e*try (?), n. (Physiol.) The measurement of the velocity of the blood. H\'91matemesis H\'91m`a*tem"e*sis, n. Same as Hematemesis. H\'91matic H\'91*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to the blood; sanguine; brownish red. H\'91matic acid (Physiol.), a hypothetical acid, supposed to be formed from hemoglobin during its oxidation in the lungs, and to have the power of freeing carbonic acid from the sodium carbonate of the serum. Thudichum. H\'91matin H\'91m"a*tin, n. Same as Hematin. H\'91matinometer H\'91m`a*ti*nom"e*ter, n. Same as Hematinometer. H\'91matinometric H\'91m`a*tin`o*met"ric, a. Same as Hematinometric. H\'91matite H\'91m"a*tite, n. Same as Hematite. H\'91matitic H\'91m`a*tit"ic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of a blood-red color; crimson; (Bot.) brownish red. H\'91mato- H\'91m"a*to- (? or ?), prefix. See H\'91ma-. H\'91matoblast H\'91m"a*to*blast (?), n. [H\'91mato- + -blast.] (Anat.) One of the very minute, disk-shaped bodies found in blood with the ordinary red corpuscles and white corpuscles; a third kind of blood corpuscle, supposed by some to be an early stage in the development of the red corpuscles; -- called also blood plaque, and blood plate.<-- = hemocytoblast, hematocytoblast. Precursor of erythroblasts, lymphoblasts, and myeloblasts, found mostly in bone marrow. Hayem's hematoblast = a platelet --> H\'91matocrya H\'91m`a*toc"ry*a (?), n. pl. (Zo\'94l.) The cold-blooded vertebrates. Same as Hematocrya. H\'91matocryal H\'91m`*a*toc"ry*al (?), a. Cold-blooded. H\'91matocrystallin H\'91m`a*to*crys"tal*lin, n. Same as Hematocrystallin. H\'91matodynamometer H\'91`ma*to*dy`na*mom"e*ter (? or ?), n. Same as Hemadynamometer. H\'91matogenesis H\'91m`a*to*gen"e*sis (?), n. [H\'91mato- + genesis.] (Physiol.) (a) The origin and development of blood. (b) The transformation of venous arterial blood by respiration; hematosis. H\'91matogenic H\'91m`a*to*gen"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Relating to h\'91matogenesis. H\'91matogenous H\'91m`a*tog"e*nous (?), a. (Physiol.) Originating in the blood. H\'91matoglobulin H\'91m`a*to*glob"u*lin, n. Same as Hematoglobin. H\'91matoid H\'91m"a*toid, a. Same as Hematoid. H\'91matoidin H\'91m`a*toid"in, n. Same as Hematoidin. H\'91matoin H\'91*mat"o*in (?), n. [H\'91mato- + -in.] (Physiol. Chem.) A substance formed from the hematin of blood, by removal of the iron through the action of concentrated sulphuric acid. Two like bodies, called respectively h\'91matoporphyrin and h\'91matolin, are formed in a similar manner. H\'91matolin H\'91*mat"o*lin (?), n. See H\'91matoin. H\'91matology H\'91m`a*tol"o*gy (? or ?), n. The science which treats of the blood. Same as Hematology. H\'91matometer H\'91m`a*tom"e*ter (?), n. [H\'91mato- + -meter.] (Physiol.) (a) Same as Hemadynamometer. (b) An instrument for determining the number of blood corpuscles in a given quantity of blood. H\'91matophlina H\'91m`a*to*ph*li"na (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. -gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of Cheiroptera, including the bloodsucking bats. See Vampire. H\'91matoplast H\'91m"a*to*plast` (?), n. [H\'91mato- + Gr. (Anat.) Same as H\'91matoblast. H\'91matoplastic H\'91m`a*to*plas"tic (?), a. [H\'91mato- + -plastic.] (Physiol.) Blood formative; -- applied to a substance in early fetal life, which breaks up gradually into blood vessels. H\'91matoporphyrin H\'91m`a*to*por"phy*rin (?), n. [H\'91mato- + Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) See H\'91matoin. H\'91matosac H\'91m"a*to*sac` (?), n. [H\'91mato- + sac.] (Anat.) A vascular sac connected, beneath the brain, in many fishes, with the infundibulum. H\'91matoscope H\'91m"a*to*scope` (?), n. A h\'91moscope. H\'91matosin H\'91m`a*to"sin (? or ?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) Hematin. [R.] H\'91matosis H\'91m`a*to"sis, n. Same as Hematosis. H\'91matotherma H\'91m`a*to*ther"ma (?), n. pl. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Hematotherma. H\'91matothermal H\'91m`a*to*ther"mal (?), a. Warm-blooded; homoiothermal. H\'91matothorax H\'91m`a*to*tho"rax, n. Same as Hemothorax. H\'91matexylin H\'91m`a*tex"y*lin (?), n. [See H\'91matoxylon.] (Chem.) The coloring principle of logwood. It is obtained as a yellow crystalline substance, C16H14O6, with a sweetish taste. Formerly called also hematin. H\'91matoxylon H\'91m`a*tox"y*lon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants containing but a single species, the H. Campechianum or logwood tree, native in Yucatan. H\'91matozo\'94n H\'91m`a*to*zo"\'94n (?), n.; pl. H\'91matozoa (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A parasite inhabiting the blood; esp.: (a) Certain species of nematodes of the genus Filaria, sometimes found in the blood of man, the horse, the dog, etc. (b) The trematode, Bilharzia h\'91matobia, which infests the inhabitants of Egypt and other parts of Africa, often causing death. H\'91mic H\'91"mic (? or ?), H\'91min H\'91"min (?), n. Same as Hemin. H\'91mo- H\'91m"o- (? or ?), prefix. See H\'91ma-. H\'91mochrome H\'91m"ochrome (?), n. Same as H\'91machrome. H\'91mochromogen H\'91m`o*chro"mogen (?), n. [H\'91mochrome + -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.) A body obtained from hemoglobin, by the action of reducing agents in the absence of oxygen. H\'91mochromometer H\'91m`o*chro*mom`e*ter (?), n. [H\'91mochrome + -meter.] (Physiol. Chem.) An apparatus for measuring the amount of hemoglobin in a fluid, by comparing it with a solution of known strength and of normal color. H\'91mocyanin H\'91m`o*cy"a*nin (?), n. Same as H\'91macyanin. H\'91mocytolysis H\'91m`o*cy*tol"y*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Physiol.) See H\'91mocytotrypsis. H\'91mocytometer H\'91m`o*cy*tom"e*ter, n. See H\'91macytometer. H\'91mocytotrypsis H\'91m`o*cy`to*tryp"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Physiol.) A breaking up of the blood corpuscles, as by pressure, in distinction from solution of the corpuscles, or h\'91mcytolysis. H\'91modromograph H\'91m`o*drom"o*graph (?), n. Same as H\'91madromograph. H\'91modynameter H\'91`mo*dy*nam"e*ter (? or ?), n. Same as Hemadynamics. H\'91moglobin H\'91m`o*glo"bin, n. Same as Hemoglobin. H\'91moglobinometer H\'91m`o*glo`bin*om"e*ter (?), n. [H\'91moglobin + -meter.] Same as Hemochromometer. H\'91molutein H\'91m`o*lu"te*in (?), n. [H\'91mo- + corpus luteum.] (Physiol.) See Hematoidin. H\'91momanometer H\'91m`o*ma*nom"e*ter (?), n. [H\'91mo- + manometer.] Same as Hemadynamometer. H\'91mometer H\'91*mom"e*ter (?), n. [H\'91mo- + -meter.] (Physiol.) Same as Hemadynamometer. H\'91mony H\'91"mo*ny (?), n. [L. H\'91monia a name of Thessaly, the land of magic.] A plant described by Milton as "of sovereign use against all enchantments." H\'91moplastic H\'91mo*plas"tic, a. Same as H\'91matoplastic. H\'91morrhoidal H\'91m"or*rhoid"al, a. Same as Hemorrhoidal. H\'91moscope H\'91m"o*scope (? or ?), n. [H\'91mo- + -scope.] (Physiol.) An instrument devised by Hermann, for regulating and measuring the thickness of a layer of blood for spectroscopic examination. H\'91mostatic H\'91m`o*stat"ic (?), a. Same Hemostatic. H\'91motachometer H\'91m`o*ta*chom"e*ter (?), n. Same as H\'91matachometer. H\'91motachometry H\'91m`o*ta*chom"e*try (?), n. Same as H\'91matachometry. Haf Haf (?), imp. of Heave. Hove. [Obs.] Chaucer. Haffle Haf"fle (?), v. i. [Cf. G. haften to cling, stick to, Prov. G., to stop, stammer.] To stammer; to speak unintelligibly; to prevaricate. [Prov.Eng.] Halliwell. Haft Haft (?), n. [AS. h\'91ft; akin to D. & G. heft, Icel. hepti, and to E. Heave, or have. Cf. Heft.] 1. A handle; that part of an instrument or vessel taken into the hand, and by which it is held and used; -- said chiefly of a knife, sword, or dagger; the hilt. This brandish'dagger I'll bury to the haft in her fair breast. Dryden. 2. A dwelling. [Scot.] Jamieson. Haft Haft, v. t. To set in, or furnish with, a haft; as, to haft a dagger. Hafter Haft"er (?), n. [haften to cling or stick to, and E. haffle.] A caviler; a wrangler. [Obs.] Baret. Hag Hag (?), n. [OE. hagge, hegge, with, hag, AS. h\'91gtesse; akin to OHG. hagazussa, G. hexe, D. heks, Dan. hex, Sw. h\'84xa. The first part of the word is prob. the same as E. haw, hedge, and the orig. meaning was perh., wood woman, wild woman. 1. A witch, sorceress, or enchantress; also, a wizard. [Obs.] "[Silenus] that old hag." Golding. 2. An ugly old woman. 3. A fury; a she-monster. Grashaw. 4. (Zo\'94l.) An eel-like marine marsipobranch (Myxine glutinosa), allied to the lamprey. It has a suctorial mouth, with labial appendages, and a single pair of gill openings. It is the type of the order Hyperotpeta. Called also hagfish, borer, slime eel, sucker, and sleepmarken. 5. (Zo\'94l.) The hagdon or shearwater. 6. An appearance of light and fire on a horse's mane or a man's hair. Blount. Hag moth (Zo\'94l.), a moth (Phobetron pithecium), the larva of which has curious side appendages, and feeds on fruit trees. -- Hag's tooth (Naut.), an ugly irregularity in the pattern of matting or pointing. Hag Hag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hagging.] To harass; to weary with vexation. How are superstitious men hagged out of their wits with the fancy of omens. L'Estrange. Hag Hag, n. [Scot. hag to cut; cf. E. hack.] 1. A small wood, or part of a wood or copse, which is marked off or inclosed for felling, or which has been felled. This said, he led me over hoults and hags; Through thorns and bushes scant my legs I drew. Fairfax. 2. A quagmire; mossy ground where peat or turf has been cut. Dugdale. Hagberry Hag"ber"ry (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Prunus (P. Padus); the bird cherry. [Scot.] Hagborn Hag"born`, a. Born of a hag or witch. Shak. Hagbut Hag"but (?), n. [OF. haquebute, prob. a corruption of D. haakbus; haak hook + bus gun barrel. See Hook, and 2d Box, and cf. Arquebus.] A harquebus, of which the but was bent down or hooked for convenience in taking aim. [Written also haguebut and hackbuss.] Hagbutter Hag"but*ter (?), n. A soldier armed with a hagbut or arquebus. [Written also hackbutter.] Froude. Hagdon Hag"don (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of sea birds of the genus Puffinus; esp., P. major, the greater shearwarter, and P. Stricklandi, the black hagdon or sooty shearwater; -- called also hagdown, haglin, and hag. See Shearwater. Haggada Hag*ga"da (?), n.; pl. Haggadoth (#). [Rabbinic hagg\'bedh\'be, fr. Heb. higg\'c6dh to relate.] A story, anecdote, or legend in the Talmud, to explain or illustrate the text of the Old Testament. [Written also hadaga.] Haggard Hag"gard (?), a. [F. hagard; of German origin, and prop. meaning, of the hegde or woods, wild, untamed. See Hedge, 1st Haw, and -ard.] 1. Wild or intractable; disposed to break away from duty; untamed; as, a haggard or refractory hawk. [Obs.] Shak 2. [For hagged, fr. hag a witch, influenced by haggard wild.] Having the expression of one wasted by want or suffering; hollow-eyed; having the features distorted or wasted, or anxious in appearance; as, haggard features, eyes. Staring his eyes, and haggard was his look. Dryden. Haggard Hag"gard, n. [See Haggard, a.] 1. (Falconry) A young or untrained hawk or falcon. 2. A fierce, intractable creature. I have loved this proud disdainful haggard. Shak. 3. [See Haggard, a., 2.] A hag. [Obs.] Garth. Haggard Hag"gard, n. [See 1st Haw, Hedge, and Yard an inclosed space.] A stackyard. [Prov. Eng.] Swift. Haggardly Hag"gard*ly, adv. In a haggard manner. Dryden. Hagged Hag"ged (?), a. Like a hag; lean; ugly. [R.] Haggis Hag"gis (?), n. [Scot. hag to hack, chop, E. hack. Formed, perhaps, in imitation of the F. hachis (E. hash), fr. hacher.] A Scotch pudding made of the heart, liver, lights, etc., of a sheep or lamb, minced with suet, onions, oatmeal, etc., highly seasoned, and boiled in the stomach of the same animal; minced head and pluck. [Written also haggiss, haggess, and haggies.] Haggish Hag"gish (?), a. Like a hag; ugly; wrinkled. But on both did haggish age steal on. Shak. Haggishly Hag"gish*ly, adv. In the manner of a hag. Haggle Hag"gle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Haggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Haggling (?).] [Freq. of Scot. hag, E. hack. See Hack to cut.] To cut roughly or hack; to cut into small pieces; to notch or cut in an unskillful manner; to make rough or mangle by cutting; as, a boy haggles a stick of wood. Suffolk first died, and York, all haggled o'er, Comes to him, where in gore he lay insteeped. Shak. Haggle Hag"gle, v. i. To be difficult in bargaining; to stick at small matters; to chaffer; to higgle. Royalty and science never haggled about the value of blood. Walpole. Haggle Hag"gle, n. The act or process of haggling. Carlyle. Haggler Hag"gler (?), n. 1. One who haggles or is difficult in bargaining. 2. One who forestalls a market; a middleman between producer and dealer in London vegetable markets. Hagiarchy Ha"gi*ar`chy (?), n. [Gr. -archy.] A sacred government; by holy orders of men. Southey. Hagiocracy Ha`gi*oc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. Government by a priesthood; hierarchy. Hagiographa Ha`gi*og"ra*pha (?), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. 1. The last of the three Jewish divisions of the Old Testament, or that portion not contained in the Law and the Prophets. It comprises Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Canticles, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, and Chronicles. 2. (R. C. Ch.) The lives of the saints. Brande & C. Hagiographal Ha`gi*og"ra*phal (?), Pertaining to the hagiographa, or to sacred writings. Hagiographer Ha`gi*og"ra*pher (?), n. One of the writers of the hagiographa; a writer of lives of the saints. Shipley. Hagiography Ha`gi*og"ra*phy (?, 277), n. Same Hagiographa. Hagiolatry Ha`gi*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. The invocation or worship of saints. Hagiologist Ha`gi*ol"o*gist (?), n. One who treats of the sacred writings; a writer of the lives of the saints; a hagiographer. Tylor. Hagiologists have related it without scruple. Southey. Hagiology Ha`gi*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The history or description of the sacred writings or of sacred persons; a narrative of the lives of the saints; a catalogue of saints. J. H. Newman. Hagioscope Ha"gi*o*scope` (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] An opening made in the interior walls of a cruciform church to afford a view of the altar to those in the transepts; -- called, in architecture, a squint. Hook. Hag-ridden Hag"-rid`den (?), a. Ridden by a hag or witch; hence, afflicted with nightmare. Beattie. Cheyne. _________________________________________________________________ Page 664 Hagseed Hag"seed` (?), n. The offspring of a hag. Shak. Hagship Hag"ship, n. The state or title of a hag. Middleton. Hag-taper Hag"-ta`per (?), n. [Cf. 1st Hag, and Hig-taper.] (Bot.) The great woolly mullein (Verbascum Thapsus). Haguebut Hague"but (?), n. See Hagbut. Hah Hah , interj. Same as Ha. Ha-ha Ha-ha" (?), n. [See Haw-haw.] A sunk fence; a fence, wall, or ditch, not visible till one is close upon it. [Written also haw-haw.] Haidingerite Hai"ding*er*ite (?), n. (Min.) A mineral consisting of the arseniate of lime; -- so named in honor of W. Haidinger, of Vienna. Haiduck Hai"duck (?), n. [G. haiduck, heiduck, fr. Hung. hajdu.] Formerly, a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary, now, a halberdier of a Hungarian noble, or an attendant in German or Hungarian courts. [Written also hayduck, heiduc, heiduck, and heyduk.] Haik Haik (?), n. [Ar. h\'beik, fr. h\'beka to weave.] A large piece of woolen or cotton cloth worn by Arabs as an outer garment. [Written also hyke.] Heyse. Haikal Hai"kal (?), n. The central chapel of the three forming the sanctuary of a Coptic church. It contains the high altar, and is usually closed by an embroidered curtain. Hail Hail (?), n. [OE. hail, ha, AS. h\'91gel; akin to D., G., Dan., & Sw. hagel; Icel. hagl; cf. Gr. Small roundish masses of ice precipitated from the clouds, where they are formed by the congelation of vapor. The separate masses or grains are called hailstones. Thunder mixed with hail, Hail mixed with fire, must rend the Egyptian sky. Milton. Hail Hail, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Halled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Halting.] [OE. hailen, AS. haqalian.] To pour down particles of ice, or frozen vapors. Hail Hail, v. t. To pour forcibly down, as hail. Shak. Hail Hail, a. Healthy. See Hale (the preferable spelling). Hail Hail, v. t. [OE. hailen, heilen, Icel. heil hale, sound, used in greeting. See Hale sound.] 1. To call loudly to, or after; to accost; to salute; to address. 2. To name; to designate; to call. And such a son as all men hailed me happy. Milton. Hail Hail, v. i. 1. To declare, by hailing, the port from which a vessel sails or where she is registered; hence, to sail; to come; -- used with from; as, the steamer hails from New York. 2. To report as one's home or the place from whence one comes; to come; -- with from. [Colloq.] G. G. Halpine. Hail Hail, interj. [See Hail, v. t.] An exclamation of respectful or reverent salutation, or, occasionally, of familiar greeting. "Hail, brave friend." Shak. All hail. See in the Vocabulary. -- Hail Mary, a form of prayer made use of in the Roman Catholic Church in invocation of the Virgin. See Ave Maria. Hail Hail, n. A wish of health; a salutation; a loud call. "Their puissant hail." M. Arnold. The angel hail bestowed. Milton. Hail-fellow Hail"-fel`low (?), n. An intimate companion. Hail-fellow well met. Lyly. Hailse Hailse (?), v. t. [OE. hailsen, Icel. heilsa. Cf. Hall to call to.] To greet; to salute. [Obs.] P. Plowman. Hailshot Hail"shot` (?), n. pl. Small shot which scatter like hailstones. [Obs.] Hayward. Hailstone Hail"stone` (?), n. A single particle of ice falling from a cloud; a frozen raindrop; a pellet of hail. Hailstorm Hail"storm` (?), n. A storm accompanied with hail; a shower of hail. Haily Hai"ly (?), a. Of hail. "Haily showers." Pope. Han Han (?), v. t. [Cf. Sw. h\'84gn hedge, inclosure, Dan. hegn hedge, fence. See Hedge.] To inclose for mowing; to set aside for grass. "A ground . . . hained in." Holland. Hain't Hain't (?). A contraction of have not or has not; as, I hain't, he hain't, we hain't. [Colloq. or illiterate speech.] [Written also han't.]<-- now ain't --> Hair Hair (?), n. [OE. her, heer, h\'91r, AS. h&aemac;r; akin to OFries, h&emac;r, D. & G. haar, OHG. & Icel. h&amac;r, Dan. haar, Sw. h\'86r; cf. Lith. kasa.] 1. The collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body. 2. One the above-mentioned filaments, consisting, in invertebrate animals, of a long, tubular part which is free and flexible, and a bulbous root imbedded in the skin. Then read he me how Sampson lost his hairs. Chaucer. And draweth new delights with hoary hairs. Spenser. 3. Hair (human or animal) used for various purposes; as, hair for stuffing cushions. 4. (Zo\'94l.) A slender outgrowth from the chitinous cuticle of insects, spiders, crustaceans, and other invertebrates. Such hairs are totally unlike those of vertebrates in structure, composition, and mode of growth. 5. An outgrowth of the epidermis, consisting of one or of several cells, whether pointed, hooked, knobbed, or stellated. Internal hairs occur in the flower stalk of the yellow frog lily (Nuphar). 6. A spring device used in a hair-trigger firearm. 7. A haircloth. [Obc.] Chaucer. 8. Any very small distance, or degree; a hairbreadth. NOTE: &hand; Hairs is often used adjectively or in combination; as, hairbrush or hair brush, hair dye, hair oil, hairpin, hair powder, a brush, a dye, etc., for the hair. Against the hair, in a rough and disagreeable manner; against the grain. [Obs.] "You go against the hair of your professions." Shak. -- Hair bracket (Ship Carp.), a molding which comes in at the back of, or runs aft from, the figurehead. -- Hair cells (Anat.), cells with hairlike processes in the sensory epithelium of certain parts of the internal ear. -- Hair compass, Hair divider, a compass or divider capable of delicate adjustment by means of a screw. -- Hair glove, a glove of horsehair for rubbing the skin. -- Hair lace, a netted fillet for tying up the hair of the head. Swift. -- Hair line, a line made of hair; a very slender line. -- Hair moth (Zo\'94l.), any moth which destroys goods made of hair, esp. Tinea biselliella. -- Hair pencil, a brush or fine hair, for painting; -- generally called by the name of the hair used; as, a camel's hair pencil, a sable's hair pencil, etc. -- Hair plate, an iron plate forming the back of the hearth of a bloomery fire. -- Hair powder, a white perfumed powder, as of flour or starch, formerly much used for sprinkling on the hair of the head, or on wigs. -- Hair seal (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of eared seals which do not produce fur; a sea lion. -- Hair seating, haircloth for seats of chairs, etc. -- Hair shirt, a shirt, or a band for the loins, made of horsehair, and worn as a penance. -- Hair sieve, a strainer with a haircloth bottom. -- Hair snake. See Gordius. -- Hair space (Printing), the thinnest metal space used in lines of type. -- Hair stroke, a delicate stroke in writing. -- Hair trigger, a trigger so constructed as to discharge a firearm by a very slight pressure, as by the touch of a hair. Farrow. -- Not worth a hair, of no value. -- To a hair, with the nicest distinction. -- To split hairs, to make distinctions of useless nicety. Hairbell Hair"bell` (?), n. (Bot.) See Harebell. Hairbird Hair"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The chipping sparrow. Hairbrained Hair"brained` (?), a. See Harebrained. Hairbreadth, Hair'sbreadth Hair"breadth` (?), Hair's"breadth` (. The diameter or breadth of a hair; a very small distance; sometimes, definitely, the forty-eighth part of an inch. Every one could sling stones at an hairbreadth and not miss. Judg. xx. 16 Hairbreadth Hair"breadth`, a. Having the breadth of a hair; very narrow; as, a hairbreadth escape. Hair-brown Hair"-brown` (?), a. Of a clear tint of brown, resembling brown human hair. It is composed of equal proportions of red and green. Hairbrush Hair"brush` (?), n. A brush for cleansing and smoothing the hair. Haircloth Hair"cloth`, n. Stuff or cloth made wholly or in part of hair. Hairdresser Hair"dress`er (?), n. One who dresses or cuts hair; a barber. Haired Haired (?), a. 1. Having hair. "A beast haired like a bear." Purchas. 2. In composition: Having (such) hair; as, red-haired. Hairen Hai"ren (?), a. [AS. h.] Hairy. [Obc.] His hairen shirt and his ascetic diet. J. Taylor. Hair grass Hair" grass` (?). (Bot.) A grass with very slender leaves or branches; as the Agrostis scabra, and several species of Aira or Deschampsia. Hairiness Hair"i*ness (?), n. The state of abounding, or being covered, with hair. Johnson. Hairless Hair"less, a. Destitute of hair. Shak. Hairpin Hair"pin` (, n. A pin, usually forked, or of bent wire, for fastening the hair in place, -- used by women. Hair-salt Hair"-salt` (?), n. [A translation of G. haarsalz.] (Min.) A variety of native Epsom salt occurring in silky fibers. Hairsplitter Hair"split`ter (?), n. One who makes excessively nice or needless distinctions in reasoning; one who quibbles. "The caviling hairsplitter." De Quincey. Hairsplitting Hair"split`ting (?), a. Making excessively nice or trivial distinctions in reasoning; subtle. -- n. The act or practice of making trivial distinctions. The ancient hairsplitting technicalities of special pleading. Charles Sumner. Hairspring Hair"spring` (?), n. (Horology) The slender recoil spring which regulates the motion of the balance in a timepiece. Hairstreak Hair"streak` (?), n. A butterfly of the genus Thecla; as, the green hairstreak (T. rubi). Hairtail Hair"tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of marine fishes of the genus Trichiurus; esp., T. lepterus of Europe and America. They are long and like a band, with a slender, pointed tail. Called also bladefish. Hairworm Hair"worm` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A nematoid worm of the genus Gordius, resembling a hair. See Gordius. Hairy Hair"y (?), a. Bearing or covered with hair; made of or resembling hair; rough with hair; rough with hair; rough with hair; hirsute. His mantle hairy, and his bonnet sedge. Milton. Haitian Hai"ti*an (?), a. & n. See Haytian.<-- Now the preferred spelling. --> Haye Ha"ye (?), n. [Ar. hayya snake.] (Zo\'94l.) The Egyptian asp or cobra (Naja haje.) It is related to the cobra of India, and like the latter has the power of inflating its neck into a hood. Its bite is very venomous. It is supposed to be the snake by means of whose bite Cleopatra committed suicide, and hence is sometimes called Cleopatra's snake or asp. See Asp. Hake Hake (?), n. [See Hatch a half door.] A drying shed, as for unburned tile. Hake Hake, n. [Also haak.] [Akin to Norweg. hakefisk, lit., hook fish, Prov. E. hake hook, G. hecht pike. See Hook.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of marine gadoid fishes, of the genera Phycis, Merlucius, and allies. The common European hake is M. vulgaris; the American silver hake or whiting is M. bilinearis. Two American species (Phycis chuss and P. tenius) are important food fishes, and are also valued for their oil and sounds. Called also squirrel hake, and codling. Hake Hake (?), v. t. To loiter; to sneak. [Prov. Eng.] Hake's-dame Hake's"-dame` (?), n. See Forkbeard. Haketon Hak"e*ton (?), n. Same as Acton. [Obs.] Hakim Ha*kim" (?), n. [Ar. hak\'c6m.] A wise man; a physician, esp. a Mohammedan. [India] Hakim Ha"kim (?), n. [Ar. h\'bekim.] A Mohammedan title for a ruler; a judge. [India] Halacha Ha*la"cha (?), n.; pl. Halachoth([Heb. hal\'bech\'beh.] The general term for the Hebrew oral or traditional law; one of two branches of exposition in the Midrash. See Midrash. Ha-lation Ha-la"tion (?), n. (Photog.) An appearance as of a halo of light, surround the edges of dark object Halberd Hal"berd (?; 277), n. [F. hallebarde; of German origin; cf. MHG. helmbarte, G. hellebarte; prob. orig., an ax to split a helmet, fr. G. barte a broad ax (orig. from the same source as E. beard; cf. Icel. bar, a kind of ax, skegg beard, skeggia a kind of halberd) + helm helmet; but cf. also MNG. helm, halm, handle, and E. helve. See Beard, Helmet.] (Mil.) An ancient long-handled weapon, of which the head had a point and several long, sharp edges, curved or straight, and sometimes additional points. The heads were sometimes of very elaborate form. [Written also halbert.] Halberdier Hal`berd*ier" (?), n. [F. hallebardier.] One who is armed with a halberd. Strype. Halberd-shaped Hal"berd-shaped` (?), a. Hastate. Halcyon Hal"cy*on (?), n. [L. halcyon, alcyon, Gr.halcyon.] (Zo\'94l.) A kingfisher. By modern ornithologists restricted to a genus including a limited number of species having omnivorous habits, as the sacred kingfisher (Halcyon sancta) of Australia. Amidst our arms as quiet you shall be As halcyons brooding on a winter sea. Dryden. Halcyon Hal"cy*on, a. 1. Pertaining to, or resembling, the halcyon, which was anciently said to lay her eggs in nests on or near the sea during the calm weather about the winter solstice. 2. Hence: Calm; quiet; peaceful; undisturbed; happy. "Deep, halcyon repose." De Quincy. Halcyonian Hal`cy*o"ni*an (?), a. Halcyon; calm. Halcyonold Hal"cy*o*nold (?), a. & n. [Halcyon + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) See Alcyonoid. Hale Hale (?), a. [Written also heil, Icel. heill; akin to E. whole. See Whole.] Sound; entire; healthy; robust; not impaired; as, a hale body. Last year we thought him strong and hale. Swift. Hale Hale, n. Welfare. [Obs.] All heedless of his dearest hale. Spenser. Hale Hale (h&amac;l OR h&add;l; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Haled (h\'beld OR h&add;ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Haling.] [OE. halen, halien; cf. AS. holian, to acquire, get. See Haul.] To pull; to drag; to haul. See Haul. Chaucer. Easier both to freight, and to hale ashore. Milton. As some dark priest hales the reluctant victim. Shelley. Halesia Ha*le"si*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of American shrubs containing several species, called snowdrop trees, or silver-bell trees. They have showy, white flowers, drooping on slender pedicels. Half Half (?), a. [AS. healf, half, half; as a noun, half, side, part; akin to OS., OFries., & D. half, G. halb, Sw. half, Dan. halv, Icel. h\'belfr, Goth. halbs. Cf. Halve, Behalf.] 1. Consisting of a moiety, or half; as, a half bushel; a half hour; a half dollar; a half view. NOTE: &hand; Th e ad jective an d no un ar e often united to form a compound. 2. Consisting of some indefinite portion resembling a half; approximately a half, whether more or less; partial; imperfect; as, a half dream; half knowledge. Assumed from thence a half consent. Tennyson. Half ape (Zo\'94l.), a lemur. -- Half back. (Football) See under 2d Back. -- Half bent, the first notch, for the sear point to enter, in the tumbler of a gunlock; the halfcock notch. -- Half binding, a style of bookbinding in which only the back and corners are in leather. -- Half boarder, one who boards in part; specifically, a scholar at a boarding school who takes dinner only. -- Half-breadth plan (Shipbuilding), a horizontal plan of the half a vessel, divided lengthwise, showing the lines. -- Half cadence (Mus.), a cadence on the dominant. -- Half cap, a slight salute with the cap. [Obs.] Shak. -- A half cock, the position of the cock of a gun when retained by the first notch.<-- half cocked: see below, halfcocked: = unprepared, lacking forethought; -- as in go off half cocked --> -- Half hitch, a sailor's knot in a rope; half of a clove hitch. -- Half hose, short stockings; socks. -- Half measure, an imperfect or weak line of action. -- Half note (Mus.), a minim, one half of a semibreve. -- Half pay, half of the wages or salary; reduced pay; as, an officer on half pay. -- Half price, half the ordinary price; or a price much reduced. -- Half round. (a) (Arch.) A molding of semicircular section. (b) (Mech.) Having one side flat and the other rounded; -- said of a file. -- Half shift (Mus.), a position of the hand, between the open position and the first shift, in playing on the violin and kindred instruments. See Shift. -- Half step (Mus.), a semitone; the smallest difference of pitch or interval, used in music. -- Half tide, the time or state of the tide equally distant from ebb and flood. -- Half time, half the ordinary time for work or attendance; as, the half-time system. -- Half tint (Fine Arts), a middle or intermediate tint, as in drawing or painting. See Demitint. -- Half truth, a statement only partially true, or which gives only a part of the truth. Mrs. Browning. -- Half year, the space of six moths; one term of a school when there are two terms in a year. _________________________________________________________________ Page 665 Half Half, adv. In an equal part or degree; in some paas, half-colored, half done, half-hearted, half persuaded, half conscious. "Half loth and half consenting." Dryden. Their children spoke halfin the speech of Ashdod. Neh. xiii. 24 Half Half (?), n.; pl. Halves (#). [AS. healf. See Half, a.] 1. Part; side; behalf. [Obs.] Wyclif. The four halves of the house. Chaucer. 2. One of two equal parts into which anything may be divided, or considered as divided; -- sometimes followed by of; as, a half of an apple. Not half his riches known, and yet despised. Milton. A friendship so complete Portioned in halves between us. Tennyson. Better half. See under Better. -- In half, in two; an expression sometimes used improperly instead of in OR into halves; as, to cut in half. [Colloq.] Dickens. -- In, OR On, one's half, in one's behalf; on one's part. [Obs.] -- To cry halves, to claim an equal share with another. -- To go halves, to share equally between two. Half Half, v. t. To halve. [Obs.] See Halve. Sir H. Wotton. Half-and-half Half`-and-half", n. A mixture of two malt liquors, esp. porter and ale, in about equal parts. Dickens. Halfbeak Half"beak` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any slender, marine fish of the genus Hemirhamphus, having the upper jaw much shorter than the lower; -- called also balahoo. Half blood Half" blood` (?). 1. The relation between persons born of the same father or of the same mother, but not of both; as, a brother or sister of the half blood. See Blood, n., 2 and 4. 2. A person so related to another. 3. A person whose father and mother are of different races; a half-breed. NOTE: &hand; In the 2d and 3d senses usually with a hyphen. Half-blooded Half"-blood`ed, a. 1. Proceeding from a male and female of different breeds or races; having only one parent of good stock; as, a half-blooded sheep. 2. Degenerate; mean. Half-boot Half"-boot` (?), n. A boot with a short top covering only the ankle. See Cocker, and Congress boot, under Congress. Half-bound Half"-bound` (?), n. Having only the back and corners in leather, as a book. Half-bred Half"-bred` (?), a. 1. Half-blooded. [Obs.] 2. Imperfectly acquainted with the rules of good-breeding; not well trained. Atterbury. Half-breed Half"-breed` (?), a. Half-blooded. Half-breed Half"-breed`, n. A person who is blooded; the offspring of parents of different races, especially of the American Indian and the white race. Half-brother Half"-broth`er (?), n. A brother by one parent, but not by both. Half-caste Half"-caste` (?), n. One born of a European parent on the one side, and of a Hindoo or Mohammedan on the other. Also adjective; as, half-caste parents. Half-clammed Half"-clammed` (?), a. Half-filled. [Obs.] Lions' half-clammed entrails roar food. Marston. Halfcock Half"cock` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Halfcocked(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Halfcocking.] To set the cock of (a firearm) at the first notch. To go off halfcocked. (a) To be discharged prematurely, or with the trigger at half cock; -- said of a firearm. (b) To do or say something without due thought or care. [Colloq. or Low] <-- now written half-cocked --> Half-cracked Half"-cracked` (?), a. Half-demented; half-witted. [Colloq.] Half-deck Half"-deck` (?), n. 1. (Zo\'94l.) A shell of the genus Crepidula; a boat shell. See Boat shell. 2. See Half deck, under Deck. Half-decked Half"-decked` (?), a. Partially decked. The half-decked craft . . . used by the latter Vikings. Elton. Halfen Half"en (?), a. [From Half.] Wanting half its due qualities. [Obs.] Spencer. Halfendeal Half"en*deal` (?), adv. [OE. halfendele. See Half, and Deal.] Half; by the part. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- n. A half part. [Obs.] R. of Brunne. Halfer Half"er (?), n. 1. One who possesses or gives half only; one who shares. [Obs.] Bp. Montagu. 2. A male fallow deer gelded. Pegge (1814). Half-faced Half"-faced` (?), a. Showing only part of the face; wretched looking; meager. Shak. Half-fish Half"-fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A salmon in its fifth year of growth. [Prov. Eng.] Half-hatched Half"-hatched` (?), a. Imperfectly hatched; as, half-hatched eggs. Gay. Half-heard Half"-heard` (?), a. Imperfectly or partly heard to the end. And leave half-heard the melancholy tale. Pope. Half-hearted Half"-heart`ed (?), a. 1. Wanting in heart or spirit; ungenerous; unkind. B. Jonson. 2. Lacking zeal or courage; lukewarm. <-- (of actions) not performed with full effort --> H. James. Half-hourly Half"-hour`ly (?), a. Done or happening at intervals of half an hour. Half-learned Half"-learned` (?), a. Imperfectly learned. Half-length Half"-length` (?), a. Of half the whole or ordinary length, as a picture. Half-mast Half"-mast` (?), n. A point some distance below the top of a mast or staff; as, a flag a half-mast (a token of mourning, etc.). Half-moon Half"-moon`, n. 1. The moon at the quarters, when half its disk appears illuminated. 2. The shape of a half-moon; a crescent. See how in warlike muster they appear, In rhombs, and wedges, and half-moons, and wings. Milton. 3. (Fort.) An outwork composed of two faces, forming a salient angle whose gorge resembles a half-moon; -- now called a ravelin. 4. (Zo\'94l.) A marine, sparoid, food fish of California (C\'91siosoma Californiense). The body is ovate, blackish above, blue or gray below. Called also medialuna. Halfness Half"ness (?), n. The quality of being half; incompleteness. [R.] As soon as there is any departure from simplicity, and attempt at halfness, or good for me that is not good for him, my neighbor feels the wrong. Emerson. Halfpace Half"pace` (?), n. (Arch.) A platform of a staircase where the stair turns back in exactly the reverse direction of the lower flight. See Quarterpace. NOTE: &hand; Th is te rm an d quartepace are rare or unknown in the United States, platform or landing being used instead. Half-pike Half"-pike` (?), n. (Mil.) A short pike, sometimes carried by officers of infantry, sometimes used in boarding ships; a spontoon. Tatler. Half-port Half"-port` (?), n. (Naut.) One half of a shutter made in two parts for closing a porthole. Half-ray Half"-ray` (?), n. (Geom.) A straight line considered as drawn from a center to an indefinite distance in one direction, the complete ray being the whole line drawn to an indefinite distance in both directions. Half-read Half"-read` (?), a. Informed by insufficient reading; superficial; shallow. Dryden. Half seas over Half" seas` o`ver (?). Half drunk. [Slang: used only predicatively.] Spectator. Half-sighted Half"-sight`ed (?), a. Seeing imperfectly; having weak discernment. Bacon. Half-sister Half"-sis`ter (?), n. A sister by one parent only. Half-strained Half"-strained` (?), a. Half-bred; imperfect. [R.] "A half-strained villain." Dryden. Half-sword Half"-sword` (?), n. Half the length of a sword; close fight. "At half-sword." Shak. Half-timbered Half"-tim`bered (?), a. (Arch.) Constructed of a timber frame, having the spaces filled in with masonry; -- said of buildings. Half-tounue Half"-tounue` (?), n. (O. Law) A jury, for the trial of a fore foreigner, composed equally of citizens and aliens. Halfway Half"way` (?), adv. In the middle; at half the distance; imperfectly; partially; as, he halfway yielded. Temples proud to meet their gods halfway. Young. Halfway Half"way`, a. Equally distant from the extremes; situated at an intermediate point; midway. Halfway covenant, a practice among the Congregational churches of New England, between 1657 and 1662, of permitting baptized persons of moral life and orthodox faith to enjoy all the privileges of church membership, save the partaking of the Lord's Supper. They were also allowed to present their children for baptism. -- Halfway house, an inn or place of call midway on a journey. Half-wit Half"-wit` (?), n. A foolish; a dolt; a blockhead; a dunce. Dryden. Half-witted Half"-wit`ted (?), a. Weak in intellect; silly. Half-yearly Half"-year`ly (?), a. Two in a year; semiannual. -- adv. Twice in a year; semiannually. Halibut Hal"i*but (?;277), n. [OE. hali holy + but, butte, flounder; akin to D. bot, G. butte; cf. D. heilbot, G. heilbutt. So named as being eaten on holidays. See Holy, Holiday.] (Zo\'94l.) A large, northern, marine flatfish (Hippoglossus vulgaris), of the family Pleuronectid\'91. It often grows very large, weighing more than three hundred pounds. It is an important food fish. [Written also holibut.] Halichondri\'91 Hal`i*chon"dri*\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of sponges, having simple siliceous spicules and keratose fibers; -- called also Keratosilicoidea. Halicore Hal"i*core (?; L.?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Same as Dugong. Halidom Hal"i*dom (?), n. [AS. h\'beligd holiness, sacrament, sanctuary, relics; h\'belig holy + -d, E. -dom. See Holy.] 1. Holiness; sanctity; sacred oath; sacred things; sanctuary; -- used chiefly in oaths. [Archaic] So God me help and halidom. Piers Plowman. By my halidom, I was fast asleep. Shak. 2. Holy doom; the Last Day. [R.] Shipley. Halieutics Hal`i*eu"tics (?), n. [L. halieuticus pertaining to fishing, Gr. A treatise upon fish or the art of fishing; ichthyology. Halmas Hal"mas (?), a. [See Hallowmas.] The feast of All Saints; Hallowmas. [Obs.] Haliographer Ha`li*og"ra*pher (? or ?), n. One who writes about or describes the sea. Haliography Ha`li*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] Description of the sea; the science that treats of the sea. Haliotis Ha`li*o"tis (? or ?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine shells; the ear-shells. See Abalone. Haliotoid Ha"li*o*toid` (? or ?), a. [Haliots + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the genus Haliotis; ear-shaped. Halisauria Hal`i*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) The Enaliosauria. Halite Ha"lite (? or ?), n. [Gr. (Min.) Native salt; sodium chloride. Halituous Ha*lit"u*ous (?; 135), a. [L. halitus breath, vapor, fr. halare to breathe: cf. F. halitueux.] Produced by, or like, breath; vaporous. Boyle. Halk Halk (?), n. A nook; a corner. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hall Hall (?), n. [OE. halle, hal, AS. heal, heall; akin to D. hal, OS. & OHG. halla, G. halle, Icel. h\'94lt, and prob. from a root meaning, to hide, conceal, cover. See Hell, Helmet.] 1. A building or room of considerable size and stateliness, used for public purposes; as, Westminster Hall, in London. 2. (a) The chief room in a castle or manor house, and in early times the only public room, serving as the place of gathering for the lord's family with the retainers and servants, also for cooking and eating. It was often contrasted with the bower, which was the private or sleeping apartment. Full sooty was her bower and eke her hall. Chaucer. Hence, as the entrance from outside was directly into the hall: (b) A vestibule, entrance room, etc., in the more elaborated buildings of later times. Hence: (c) Any corridor or passage in a building. 3. A name given to many manor houses because the magistrate's court was held in the hall of his mansion; a chief mansion house. Cowell. 4. A college in an English university (at Oxford, an unendowed college). 5. The apartment in which English university students dine in common; hence, the dinner itself; as, hall is at six o'clock. 6. Cleared passageway in a crowd; -- formerly an exclamation. [Obs.] "A hall! a hall!" B. Jonson. Syn. -- Entry; court; passage. See Vestibule. Hallage Hall"age (?; 48), n. (O. Eng. Law) A fee or toll paid for goods sold in a hall. Halleluiah, Hallelujah Hal`le*lu"iah, Hal`le*lu"jah (?), n. & interj. [Heb. See Alleluia.] Praise ye Jehovah; praise ye the Lord; -- an exclamation used chiefly in songs of praise or thanksgiving to God, and as an expression of gratitude or adoration. Rev. xix. 1 (Rev. Ver. ) So sung they, and the empyrean rung With Hallelujahs. Milton. In those days, as St. Jerome tells us,"any one as he walked in the fields, might hear the plowman at his hallelujahs." Sharp. Hallelujatic Hal`le*lu*jat"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or containing, hallelujahs. [R.] Halliard Hal"liard (?), n. See Halyard. Hallidome Hal"li*dome (?), n. Same as Halidom. Hallier Hal"li*er (? or ?), n. [From Hale to pull.] A kind of net for catching birds. Hall-mark Hall"-mark` (?), n. The official stamp of the Goldsmiths' Company and other assay offices, in the United Kingdom, on gold and silver articles, attesting their purity. Also used figuratively; -- as, a word or phrase lacks the hall-mark of the best writers. Halloa Hal*loa" (?). See Halloo. Halloo Hal*loo" (?), n. [Perh. fr. ah + lo; cf. AS. eal\'be, G. halloh, F. haler to set (a dog) on. Cf. Hollo, interj.] A loud exclamation; a call to invite attention or to incite a person or an animal; a shout. List! List! I hear Some far off halloo break the silent air. Milton. Halloo Hal*loo", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hallooed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Halloing.] To cry out; to exclaim with a loud voice; to call to a person, as by the word halloo. Country folks hallooed and hooted after me. Sir P. Sidney. Halloo Hal*loo", v. t. 1. To encourage with shouts. Old John hallooes his hounds again. Prior. 2. To chase with shouts or outcries. If I fly . . . Halloo me like a hare. Shak. 3. To call or shout to; to hail. Shak. Halloo Hal*loo", interj. [OE. halow. See Halloo, n.] An exclamation to call attention or to encourage one. Hallow Hal"low (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hallowed(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hallowing.] [OE. halowen, halwien, halgien, AS. h\'belgian, fr. h\'belig holy. See Holy.] To make holy; to set apart for holy or religious use; to consecrate; to treat or keep as sacred; to reverence. "Hallowed be thy name." Matt. vi. 9. Hallow the Sabbath day, to do no work therein. Jer. xvii. 24. His secret altar touched with hallowed fire. Milton. In a larger sense . . . we can not hallow this ground [Gettysburg]. A. Lincoln. Halloween Hal`low*een" (?), n. The evening preceding Allhallows or All Saints' Day. [Scot.]<-- October 31 --> Burns. Hallowmas Hal"low*mas (?), n. [See Mass the eucharist.] The feast of All Saints, or Allhallows. To speak puling, like a beggar at Hallowmas. Shak. Halloysite Hal*loy"site (?), n. [Named after Omalius d'Halloy.] (Min.) A claylike mineral, occurring in soft, smooth, amorphous masses, of a whitish color. Hallucal Hal"lu*cal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the hallux. Hallucinate Hal*lu"ci*nate (?), v. i. [L. hallucinatus, alucinatus, p. p. of hallucinari, alucinari, to wander in mind, talk idly, dream.] To wander; to go astray; to err; to blunder; -- used of mental processes. [R.] Byron. Hallucination Hal*lu`ci*na"tion (?), n. [L. hallucinatio cf. F. hallucination.] 1. The act of hallucinating; a wandering of the mind; error; mistake; a blunder. This must have been the hallucination of the transcriber. Addison. _________________________________________________________________ Page 666 2. (Med.) The perception of objects which have no reality, or of sensations which have no corresponding external cause, arising from disorder or the nervous system, as in delirium tremens; delusion. Hallucinations are always evidence of cerebral derangement and are common phenomena of insanity. W. A. Hammond. Hallucinator Hal*lu"ci*na`tor (?), n. [L.] One whose judgment and acts are affected by hallucinations; one who errs on account of his hallucinations. N. Brit. Rev. Hallucinatory Hal*lu"ci*na*to*ry (?), a. Partaking of, or tending to produce, hallucination. Hallux Hal"lux (?), n. [NL., fr. L. hallex, allex.] (Anat.) The first, or preaxial, digit of the hind limb, corresponding to the pollux in the fore limb; the great toe; the hind toe of birds. Halm Halm (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Haulm. Halma Hal"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Greek Antiq.) The long jump, with weights in the hands, -- the most important of the exercises of the Pentathlon. Halo Ha"lo (?), n.; pl. Halos(. [L. halos, acc. halo, Gr. volvere, and E. voluble.] 1. A luminous circle, usually prismatically colored, round the sun or moon, and supposed to be caused by the refraction of light through crystals of ice in the atmosphere. Connected with halos there are often white bands, crosses, or arches, resulting from the same atmospheric conditions. 2. A circle of light; especially, the bright ring represented in painting as surrounding the heads of saints and other holy persons; a glory; a nimbus. 3. An ideal glory investing, or affecting one's perception of, an object. 4. A colored circle around a nipple; an areola. Halo Ha"lo, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Haloed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Haloing.] To form, or surround with, a halo; to encircle with, or as with, a halo. The fire That haloed round his saintly brow. Sothey. Haloed Ha"loed (?), a. Surrounded with a halo; invested with an ideal glory; glorified. Some haloed face bending over me. C. Bront\'82. Halogen Hal"o*gen (?), n. [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + -gen: cf. F. halog\'8ane.] (Chem.) An electro-negative element or radical, which, by combination with a metal, forms a haloid salt; especially, chlorine, bromine, and iodine; sometimes, also, fluorine and cyanogen. See Chlorine family, under Chlorine. Halogenous Ha*log"e*nous (?), a. Of the nature of a halogen. Haloid Ha"loid (? or ?), a. [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s salt + -oid: cf. F. cal.] (Chem.) Resembling salt; -- said of certain binary compounds consisting of a metal united to a negative element or radical, and now chiefly applied to the chlorides, bromides, iodides, and sometimes also to the fluorides and cyanides. -- n. A haloid substance. Halomancy Hal"o*man`cy (?), n. See Alomancy. Halometer Ha*lom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + -meter.] An instrument for measuring the forms and angles of salts and crystals; a goniometer. Halones Ha*lo"nes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) Alternating transparent and opaque white rings which are seen outside the blastoderm, on the surface of the developing egg of the hen and other birds. Halophyte Hal"o*phyte (?), n. [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + (Bot.) A plant found growing in salt marshes, or in the sea. Haloscope Ha"lo*scope (?), n. [Halo + -scope.] An instrument for exhibition or illustration of the phenomena of halos, parhelia, and the like. Halotrichite Hal*o*tri"chite (?), n. [Gr. "a`ls sea + fri`x, tricho`s, hair.] (Min.) An iron alum occurring in silky fibrous aggregates of a yellowish white color. Haloxyline Ha*lox"y*line, n. [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + xy`lon wood.] An explosive mixture, consisting of sawdust, charcoal, niter, and ferrocyanide of potassium, used as a substitute for gunpowder. Halp Halp (?), imp. of Help. Helped. [Obs.] Halpace Hal"pace (?), n. (Arch.) See Haut pas. Hals Hals (?), n. [AS. heals; akin to D., G., & Goth. hals. See Collar.] The neck or throat. [Obs.] Do me hangen by the hals. Chaucer. Halse Halse (?), v. t. [AS. healsian.] 1. To embrace about the neck; to salute; to greet. [Obs.] Each other kissed glad And lovely halst. Spenser. 2. To adjure; to beseech; to entreat. [Obs.] O dere child, I halse thee, In virtue of the Holy Trinity. Chaucer. Halse Halse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Halsed (h?lst); p. pr. & vb. n. Halsing.] [Cf. Hawser.] To haul; to hoist. [Obs.] Halsening Hal"sen*ing (?), a. Sounding harshly in the throat; inharmonious; rough. [Obs.] Carew. Halser Hals"er (?), n. See Hawser. Pope. Halt Halt (?), 3d pers. sing. pres. of Hold, contraction for holdeth. [Obs.] Chaucer. Halt Halt (?), n. [Formerly alt, It. alto, G. halt, fr. halten to hold. See Hold.] A stop in marching or walking, or in any action; arrest of progress. Without any halt they marched. Clarendon. [Lovers] soon in passion's war contest, Yet in their march soon make a halt. Davenant. Halt Halt, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Halted; p. pr. & vb. n. Halting.] 1. To hold one's self from proceeding; to hold up; to cease progress; to stop for a longer or shorter period; to come to a stop; to stand still. 2. To stand in doubt whether to proceed, or what to do; to h How long halt ye between two opinions? 1 Kings xviii. 21 Halt Halt (?), v. t. (Mil.) To cause to cease marching; to stop; as, the general halted his troops for refreshment. Halt Halt, a. [AS. healt; akin to OS., Dan., & Sw. halt, Icel. haltr, halltr, Goth. halts, OHG. halz.] Halting or stopping in walking; lame. Bring in hither the poor, and the maimed, and the halt, and the blind. Luke xiv. 21. Halt Halt, n. The act of limping; lameness. Halt Halt, v. i. [OE. halten, AS. healtian. See Halt, a.] 1. To walk lamely; to limp. 2. To have an irregular rhythm; to be defective. The blank verse shall halt for it. Shak. Halter Halt"er (?), n. One who halts or limps Halter Hal"ter (?), n. [OE. halter, helter, helfter, AS. h\'91lftre; akin to G. halfter, D. halfter, halster, and also to E. helve. See Helve.] A strong strap or cord. Especially: (a) A rope or strap, with or without a headstall, for leading or tying a horse. (b) A rope for hanging malefactors; a noose. Shak. No man e'er felt the halter draw With good opinion of the law. Trumbull. Halter Hal"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Haltered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Haltering.] To tie by the neck with a rope, strap, or halter; to put a halter on; to subject to a hangman's halter. "A haltered neck." Shak. Halteres Hal*te"res (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Balancers; the rudimentary hind wings of Diptera. Halter-sack Hal"ter-sack` (?), n. A term of reproach, implying that one is fit to be hanged. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Haltingly Halt"ing*ly (?), adv. In a halting or limping manner. Halvans Hal"vans (?), n. pl. (Mining) Impure ore; dirty ore. Halve Hal"ve (?), n. A half. [Obs.] Chaucer. Halve Halve (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Halved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Halving.] [From Half.] 1. To divide into two equal parts; as, to halve an apple; to be or form half of. So far apart their lives are thrown From the twin soul that halves their own. M. Arnold. 2. (Arch.) To join, as two pieces of timber, by cutting away each for half its thickness at the joining place, and fitting together. Halved Halved (?), a. Appearing as if one side, or one half, were cut away; dimidiate. Halves Halves (?), n., pl. of Half. By halves, by one half at once; halfway; fragmentarily; partially; incompletely. I can not believe by halves; either I have faith, or I have it not. J. H. Newman. To go halves. See under Go. Halwe Hal"we (?), n. [OE., fr. AS. h\'belga. See Holy.] A saint. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hal'yard Hal'yard (?), n. [Hale, v. t. + yard.] (Naut.) A rope or tackle for hoisting or lowering yards, sails, flags, etc. [Written also halliard, haulyard.] Halysites Hal`y*si"tes (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of Silurian fossil corals; the chain corals. See Chain coral, under Chain. Ham Ham (?), n. Home. [North of Eng.] Chaucer. Ham Ham (?), n. [AS. ham; akin to D. ham, dial. G. hamme, OHG. hamma. Perh. named from the bend at the ham, and akin to E. chamber. Cf. Gammon ham.] 1. (Anat.) The region back of the knee joint; the popliteal space; the hock. 2. The thigh of any animal; especially, the thigh of a hog cured by salting and smoking. A plentiful lack of wit, together with most weak ham. Shak. Hamadryad Ham"a*dry`ad (?), n.; pl. E. Hamadryads (#), L. Hamadryades (#). [L. Hamadryas, -adis, Gr. hamadryade. See Same, and Tree.] 1. (Class. Myth.) A tree nymph whose life ended with that of the particular tree, usually an oak, which had been her abode. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A large venomous East Indian snake (Orhiophagus bungarus), allied to the cobras. Hamadryas Ha*ma"dry*as (?), n. [L., a hamadryad. See Hamadryad.] (Zo\'94l.) The sacred baboon of Egypt (Cynocephalus Hamadryas). Hamamelis Ham`a*me"lis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of plants which includes the witch-hazel (Hamamelis Virginica), a preparation of which is used medicinally. Hamate Ha"mate (?), a. [L. hamatus, fr. hamus hook.] Hooked; bent at the end into a hook; hamous. Hamated Ha"ma*ted (?), a. Hooked, or set with hooks; hamate. Swift. Hamatum Ha*ma"tum (?), n. [NL., fr. L. hamatus hooked.] (Anat.) See Unciform. Hamble Ham"ble (?), v. t. [OE. hamelen to mutilate, AS. hamelian; akin to OHG. hamal to mutilate, hamal mutilated, ham mutilated, Icel. hamla to mutilate. Cf.Ham to fetter.] To hamstring. [Obs.] Hamburg Ham"burg (?), n. A commercial city of Germany, near the mouth of the Elbe. Black Hamburg grape. See under Black. -- Hamburg , a kind of embroidered work done by machinery on cambric or muslin; -- used for trimming. -- Hamburg lake, a purplish crimson pigment resembling cochineal. Hame Hame (?), n. Home. [Scot. & O. Eng.] Hame Hame, n. [Scot. haims, hammys, hems, OE. ham; cf. D. haam.] One of the two curved pieces of wood or metal, in the harness of a draught horse, to which the traces are fastened. They are fitted upon the collar, or have pads fitting the horse's neck attached to them. Hamel Ham"el (?), v. t. [Obs.] Same as Hamele. Hamesecken, Hamesucken Hame"seck`en (?), Hame"suck`en (?), n. [AS. h\'bems. See Home, and Seek.] (Scots Law) The felonious seeking and invasion of a person in his dwelling house. Bouvier. Hamiform Ha"mi*form (?), n. [L. hamus hook + -form.] Hook-shaped. Hamilton period Ham"il*ton pe"ri*od (?). (Geol.) A subdivision of the Devonian system of America; -- so named from Hamilton, Madison Co., New York. It includes the Marcellus, Hamilton, and Genesee epochs or groups. See the Chart of Geology. Haminura Ham`i*nu"ra (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large edible river fish (Erythrinus macrodon) of Guiana. Hamite Ha"mite (?), n.[L. hamus hook.] (Paleon.) A fossil cephalopod of the genus Hamites, related to the ammonites, but having the last whorl bent into a hooklike form. Hamite Ham"ite (?), n. A descendant of Ham, Noah's second son. See Gen. x. 6-20. Haitic Ha*it"ic (?), a. Pertaining to Ham or his descendants. Hamitic languages, the group of languages spoken mainly in the Sahara, Egypt, Galla, and Som&acir;li Land, and supposed to be allied to the Semitic. Keith Johnson. Hamlet Ham"let (?), n. [OWE. hamelet, OF. hamelet, dim. of hamel, F. hameau, LL. hamellum, a dim. of German origin; cf. G. heim home. &root;220. See Home.] A small village; a little cluster of houses in the country. The country wasted, and the hamlets burned. Dryden. Syn. -- Village; neighborhood. See Village. Hamleted Ham"let*ed, p. a. Confined to a hamlet. Feltham. Hammer Ham"mer (?), n. [OE. hamer, AS. hamer, hamor; akin to D. hamer, G. & Dan. hammer, Sw. hammare, Icel. hamarr, hammer, crag, and perh. to Gr. a stone.] 1. An instrument for driving nails, beating metals, and the like, consisting of a head, usually of steel or iron, fixed crosswise to a handle. With busy hammers closing rivets up. Shak. 2. Something which in firm or action resembles the common hammer; as: (a) That part of a clock which strikes upon the bell to indicate the hour. (b) The padded mallet of a piano, which strikes the wires, to produce the tones. (c) (Anat.) The malleus. See under Ear. (Gun.) That part of a gunlock which strikes the percussion cap, or firing pin; the cock; formerly, however, a piece of steel covering the pan of a flintlock musket and struck by the flint of the cock to ignite the priming. (e) Also, a person of thing that smites or shatters; as, St. Augustine was the hammer of heresies. He met the stern legionaries [of Rome] who had been the "massive iron hammers" of the whole earth. J. H. Newman. Atmospheric hammer, a dead-stroke hammer in which the spring is formed by confined air. -- Drop hammer, Face hammer, etc. See under Drop, Face, etc. -- Hammer fish. See Hammerhead. -- Hammer hardening, the process of hardening metal by hammering it when cold. -- Hammer shell (Zo\'94l.), any species of Malleus, a genus of marine bivalve shells, allied to the pearl oysters, having the wings narrow and elongated, so as to give them a hammer-shaped outline; -- called also hammer oyster. -- To bring to the hammer, to put up at auction. Hammer Ham"mer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hammered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hammering.] 1. To beat with a hammer; to beat with heavy blows; as, to hammer iron. 2. To form or forge with a hammer; to shape by beating. "Hammered money." Dryden. 3. To form in the mind; to shape by hard intellectual labor; -- usually with out. Who was hammering out a penny dialogue. Jeffry. Hammer Ham"mer, v. i. 1. To be busy forming anything; to labor hard as if shaping something with a hammer. Whereon this month I have hammering. Shak. 2. To strike repeated blows, literally or figuratively. Blood and revenge are hammering in my head. Shak. Hammerable Ham"mer*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being formed or shaped by a hammer. Sherwood. Hammer-b Ham"mer-b (?), n. (Cothic Arch.) A member of one description of roof truss, called hammer-beam truss, which is so framed as not to have a tiebeam at the top of the wall. Each principal has two hammer-beams, which occupy the situation, and to some extent serve the purpose, of a tiebeam. Hammercloth Ham"mer*cloth` (?; 115), n. [Prob. fr. D. hemel heaven, canopy, tester (akin to G. himmel, and perh. also to E. heaven) + E. cloth; or perh. a corruption of hamper cloth.] The cloth which covers a coach box. Hammer-dressed Ham"mer-dressed` (?), a. Having the surface roughly shaped or faced with the stonecutter's hammer; -- said of building stone. Hammerer Ham"mer*er (?), n. One who works with a hammer. Hammer-harden Ham"mer-hard`en (?), v. t. To harden, as a metal, by hammering it in the cold state. Hammerhead Ham"mer*head` (?), n. 1. (Zo\'94l.) A shark of the genus Sphyrna or Zyg\'91na, having the eyes set on projections from the sides of the head, which gives it a hammer shape. The Sphyrna zyg\'91na is found in the North Atlantic. Called also hammer fish, and balance fish. _________________________________________________________________ Page 667 2. (Zo\'94l.) A fresh-water fish; the stone-roller. 3. (Zo\'94l.) An African fruit bat (Hypsignathus monstrosus); -- so called from its large blunt nozzle. Hammerkop Ham"mer*kop (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A bird of the Heron family; the umber. Hammer-less Ham"mer-less, a. (Firearms) Without a visible hammer; -- said of a gun having a cock or striker concealed from sight, and out of the way of an accidental touch. Hammerman Ham"mer*man (?), n.; pl. Hammermen (. A hammerer; a forgeman. Hammochrysos Ham`mo*chry"sos (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. chryso`s gold.] A stone with spangles of gold color in it. Hammock Ham"mock (?), n. [A word of Indian origin: cf. Sp. hamaca. Columbus, in the Narrative of his first voyage, says: "A great many Indians in canoes came to the ship to-day for the purpose of bartering their cotton, and hamacas, or nets, in which they sleep."] 1. A swinging couch or bed, usually made of netting or canvas about six feet wide, suspended by clews or cords at the ends. 2. A piece of land thickly wooded, and usually covered with bushes and vines. Used also adjectively; as, hammock land. [Southern U. S.] Bartlett. Hammock nettings (Naut.), formerly, nets for stowing hammocks; now, more often, wooden boxes or a trough on the rail, used for that purpose. Hamose, Hamous Ha*mose" (?), Ha"mous (?),[L. hamus hook.] (Bot.) Having the end hooked or curved. Hamper Ham"per (?), n. [Contr. fr. hanaper.] A large basket, usually with a cover, used for the packing and carrying of articles; as, a hamper of wine; a clothes hamper; an oyster hamper, which contains two bushels. Hamper Ham"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hampered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hampering.] To put in a hamper. Hamper Ham"per, v. t. [OE. hamperen, hampren, prob. of the same origin as E. hamble.] To put a hamper or fetter on; to shackle; to insnare; to inveigle; hence, to impede in motion or progress; to embarrass; to encumber. "Hampered nerves." Blackmore. A lion hampered in a net. L'Estrange. They hamper and entangle our souls. Tillotson. Hamper Ham"per, n. [See Hamper to shackle.] 1. A shackle; a fetter; anything which impedes. W. Browne. 2. (Naut.) Articles ordinarily indispensable, but in the way at certain times. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Top hamper (Naut.), unnecessary spars and rigging kept aloft. Hamshackle Ham"shac`kle (?), v. t. [Ham + shackle.] To fasten (an animal) by a rope binding the head to one of the fore legs; as, to hamshackle a horse or cow; hence, to bind or restrain; to curb. Hamster Ham"ster (?), n. [G. hamster.] (Zo\'94l.) A small European rodent (Cricetus frumentarius). It is remarkable for having a pouch on each side of the jaw, under the skin, and for its migrations.<-- often kept as a pet --> Hamstring Ham"string` (?), n. (Anat.) One of the great tendons situated in each side of the ham, or space back of the knee, and connected with the muscles of the back of the thigh. Hamstring Ham"string`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hamstrung; p. pr. & vb. n. Hamstringing. See String.] To lame or disable by cutting the tendons of the ham or knee; to hough; hence, to cripple; to incapacitate; to disable. So have they hamstrung the valor of the subject by seeking to effeminate us all at home. Milton. Hamular Ham"u*lar (?), a. Hooked; hooklike; hamate; as, the hamular process of the sphenoid bone. Hamulate Ham"u*late (?), a. Furnished with a small hook; hook-shaped. Gray. Hamule Ham"ule (?), n. [L. hamulus.] A little hook. Hamulose Ham"u*lose" (?), a. [L. hamulus, dim. of hamus a hook.] Bearing a small hook at the end. Gray. Hamulus Ham"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Hamuli (. [L., a little hook.] 1. (Anat.) A hook, or hooklike process. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A hooked barbicel of a feather. Han Han (?), contr. inf. & plural pres. of Haven. To have; have. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Him thanken all, and thus they han an end. Chaucer. Hanap Han"ap (?), n. [F. hanap. See Hanaper.] A rich goblet, esp. one used on state occasions. [Obs.] Hanaper Han"a*per (?), n. [LL. hanaperium a large vase, fr. hanaus vase, bowl, cup (whence F. hanap); of German origin; cf. ONG. hnapf, G. napf, akin to AS. hn\'91p cup, bowl. Cf. Hamper, Nappy, n.] A kind of basket, usually of wickerwork, and adapted for the packing and carrying of articles; a hamper. Hanaper office, an office of the English court of chancery in which writs relating to the business of the public, and the returns to them, were anciently kept in a hanaper or hamper. Blackstone. Hance Hance (?), v. t. [See Enhance.] To raise; to elevate. [Obs.] Lydgate. Hance, Hanch Hance (?), Hanch (?),[See Hanse.] 1. (Arch.) See Hanse. 2. (Naut.) A sudden fall or break, as the fall of the fife rail down to the gangway. Hand Hand (?), n. [AS. hand, hond; akin to D., G., & Sw. hand, OHG. hant, Dan. haand, Icel. h\'94nd, Goth. handus, and perh. to Goth. hinpan to seize (in comp.). Cf. Hunt.] 1. That part of the fore limb below the forearm or wrist in man and monkeys, and the corresponding part in many other animals; manus; paw. See Manus. 2. That which resembles, or to some extent performs the office of, a human hand; as: (a) A limb of certain animals, as the foot of a hawk, or any one of the four extremities of a monkey. (b) An index or pointer on a dial; as, the hour or minute hand of a clock. 3. A measure equal to a hand's breadth, -- four inches; a palm. Chiefly used in measuring the height of horses. 4. Side; part; direction, either right or left. On this hand and that hand, were hangings. Ex. xxxviii. 15. The Protestants were then on the winning hand. Milton. 5. Power of performance; means of execution; ability; skill; dexterity. He had a great mind to try his hand at a Spectator. Addison. 6. Actual performance; deed; act; workmanship; agency; hence, manner of performance. To change the hand in carrying on the war. Clarendon. Gideon said unto God, If thou wilt save Israel by my hand. Judges vi. 36. 7. An agent; a servant, or laborer; a workman, trained or competent for special service or duty; a performer more or less skillful; as, a deck hand; a farm hand; an old hand at speaking. A dictionary containing a natural history requires too many hands, as well as too much time, ever to be hoped for. Locke. I was always reckoned a lively hand at a simile. Hazlitt. 8. Handwriting; style of penmanship; as, a good, bad or running hand. Hence, a signature. I say she never did invent this letter; This is a man's invention and his hand. Shak. Some writs require a judge's hand. Burril. 9. Personal possession; ownership; hence, control; direction; management; -- usually in the plural. "Receiving in hand one year's tribute." Knolles. Albinus . . . found means to keep in his hands the goverment of Britain. Milton. 10. Agency in transmission from one person to another; as, to buy at first hand, that is, from the producer, or when new; at second hand, that is, when no longer in the producer's hand, or when not new. 11. Rate; price. [Obs.] "Business is bought at a dear hand, where there is small dispatch." Bacon. 12. That which is, or may be, held in a hand at once; as: (a) (Card Playing) The quota of cards received from the dealer. (b) (Tobacco Manuf.) A bundle of tobacco leaves tied together. 13. (Firearms) The small part of a gunstock near the lock, which is grasped by the hand in taking aim. NOTE: &hand; Ha nd is used figuratively for a large variety of acts or things, in the doing, or making, or use of which the hand is in some way employed or concerned; also, as a symbol to denote various qualities or conditions, as: (a) Activity; operation; work; -- in distinction from the head, which implies thought, and the heart, which implies affection. "His hand will be against every man." Gen. xvi. 12.(b) Power; might; supremacy; -- often in the Scriptures. "With a mighty hand . . . will I rule over you." Ezek. xx. 33.(c) Fraternal feeling; as, to give, or take, the hand; to give the right hand. (d) Contract; -- commonly of marriage; as, to ask the hand; to pledge the hand. NOTE: &hand; Ha nd is often used adjectively or in compounds (with or without the hyphen), signifying performed by the hand; as, hand blow or hand-blow, hand gripe or hand-gripe: used by, or designed for, the hand; as, hand ball or handball, hand bow, hand fetter, hand grenade or hand-grenade, handgun or hand gun, handloom or hand loom, handmill or hand organ or handorgan, handsaw or hand saw, hand-weapon: measured or regulated by the hand; as, handbreadth or hand's breadth, hand gallop or hand-gallop. Most of the words in the following paragraph are written either as two words or in combination. Hand bag, a satchel; a small bag for carrying books, papers, parcels, etc. -- Hand basket, a small or portable basket. -- Hand bell, a small bell rung by the hand; a table bell. Bacon. -- Hand bill, a small pruning hook. See 4th Bill. -- Hand car. See under Car. -- Hand director (Mus.), an instrument to aid in forming a good position of the hands and arms when playing on the piano; a hand guide. -- Hand drop. See Wrist drop. -- Hand gallop. See under Gallop. -- Hand gear (Mach.), apparatus by means of which a machine, or parts of a machine, usually operated by other power, may be operated by hand. -- Hand glass. (a) A glass or small glazed frame, for the protection of plants. (b) A small mirror with a handle. -- Hand guide. Same as Hand director (above). -- Hand language, the art of conversing by the hands, esp. as practiced by the deaf and dumb; dactylology. -- Hand lathe. See under Lathe. -- Hand money, money paid in hand to bind a contract; earnest money. -- Hand organ (Mus.), a barrel organ, operated by a crank turned by hand. -- Hand plant. (Bot.) Same as Hand tree (below). -- Hand rail, a rail, as in staircases, to hold by. Gwilt. -- Hand sail, a sail managed by the hand. Sir W. Temple. -- Hand screen, a small screen to be held in the hand. -- Hand screw, a small jack for raising heavy timbers or weights; (Carp.) a screw clamp. -- Hand staff (pl. Hand staves), a javelin. Ezek. xxxix. 9. -- Hand stamp, a small stamp for dating, addressing, or canceling papers, envelopes, etc. -- Hand tree (Bot.), a lofty tree found in Mexico (Cheirostemon platanoides), having red flowers whose stamens unite in the form of a hand. -- Hand vise, a small vise held in the hand in doing small work. Moxon. -- Hand work, OR Handwork, work done with the hands, as distinguished from work done by a machine; handiwork. -- All hands, everybody; all parties. -- At all hands, On all hands, on all sides; from every direction; generally. -- At any hand, At no hand, in any (or no) way or direction; on any account; on no account. "And therefore at no hand consisting with the safety and interests of humility." Jer. Taylor. -- At first hand, At second hand. See def. 10 (above). -- At hand. (a) Near in time or place; either present and within reach, or not far distant. "Your husband is at hand; I hear his trumpet." Shak. (b) Under the hand or bridle. [Obs.] "Horses hot at hand." Shak. -- At the hand of, by the act of; as a gift from. "Shall we receive good at the hand of God and shall we not receive evil?" Job ii. 10. -- Bridle hand. See under Bridle. -- By hand, with the hands, in distinction from instrumentality of tools, engines, or animals; as, to weed a garden by hand; to lift, draw, or carry by hand. -- Clean hands, freedom from guilt, esp. from the guilt of dishonesty in money matters, or of bribe taking. "He that hath clean hands shall be stronger and stronger." Job xvii. 9. -- From hand to hand, from one person to another. -- Hand in hand. (a) In union; conjointly; unitedly. Swift. (b) Just; fair; equitable. As fair and as good, a kind of hand in hand comparison. Shak. -- Hand over hand, Hand over fist, by passing the hands alternately one before or above another; as, to climb hand over hand; also, rapidly; as, to come up with a chase hand over hand. -- Hand over head, negligently; rashly; without seeing what one does. [Obs.] Bacon. -- Hand running, consecutively; as, he won ten times hand running. -- Hand off! keep off! forbear! no interference or meddling! -- Hand to hand, in close union; in close fight; as, a hand to hand contest. Dryden. -- Heavy hand, severity or oppression. -- In hand. (a) Paid down. "A considerable reward in hand, and . . . a far greater reward hereafter." Tillotson. (b) In preparation; taking place. Chaucer. "Revels . . . in hand." Shak. (c) Under consideration, or in the course of transaction; as, he has the business in hand. -- In one's hand OR hands. (a) In one's possession or keeping. (b) At one's risk, or peril; as, I took my life in my hand. -- Laying on of hands, a form used in consecrating to office, in the rite of confirmation, and in blessing persons. -- Light hand, gentleness; moderation. -- Note of hand, a promissory note. -- Off hand, Out of hand, forthwith; without delay, hesitation, or difficulty; promptly. "She causeth them to be hanged up out of hand." Spenser. -- Off one's hands, out of one's possession or care. -- On hand, in present possession; as, he has a supply of goods on hand. -- On one's hands, in one's possession care, or management. -- Putting the hand under the thigh, an ancient Jewish ceremony used in swearing. -- Right hand, the place of honor, power, and strength. -- Slack hand, idleness; carelessness; inefficiency; sloth. -- Strict hand, severe discipline; rigorous government. -- To bear a hand (Naut), to give help quickly; to hasten. -- To bear in hand, to keep in expectation with false pretenses. [Obs.] Shak. -- To be hand and glove, OR in glove with. See under Glove. -- To be on the mending hand, to be convalescent or improving. -- To bring up by hand, to feed (an infant) without suckling it. -- To change hand. See Change. -- To change hands, to change sides, or change owners. Hudibras. -- To clap the hands, to express joy or applause, as by striking the palms of the hands together. -- To come to hand, to be received; to be taken into possession; as, the letter came to hand yesterday. -- To get hand, to gain influence. [Obs.] Appetites have . . . got such a hand over them. Baxter. -- To got one's hand in, to make a beginning in a certain work; to become accustomed to a particular business. -- To have a hand in, to be concerned in; to have a part or concern in doing; to have an agency or be employed in. -- To have in hand. (a) To have in one's power or control. Chaucer. (b) To be engaged upon or occupied with. -- To have one's hands full, to have in hand al that one can do, or more than can be done conveniently; to be pressed with labor or engagements; to be surrounded with difficulties. -- To have, OR get, the (higher) upper hand, to have, or get, the better of another person or thing. -- To his hand, To my hand, etc., in readiness; already prepared. "The work is made to his hands." Locke. -- To hold hand, to compete successfully or on even conditions. [Obs.] Shak. -- To lay hands on, to seize; to assault. -- To lend a hand, to give assistance. -- To lift, OR put forth, the hand against, to attack; to oppose; to kill. -- To live from hand to mouth, to obtain food and other necessaries as want compels, without previous provision. -- To make one's hand, to gain advantage or profit. -- To put the hand unto, to steal. Ex. xxii. 8.-- To put the last, OR finishing, hand to, to make the last corrections in; to complete; to perfect. -- To set the hand to, to engage in; to undertake. That the Lord thy God may bless thee in all that thou settest thine hand to. Deut. xxiii. 20. -- To stand one in hand, to concern or affect one. -- To strike hands, to make a contract, or to become surety for another's debt or good behavior. -- To take in hand. (a) To attempt or undertake. (b) To seize and deal with; as, he took him in hand. -- To wash the hands of, to disclaim or renounce interest in, or responsibility for, a person or action; as, to wash one's hands of a business. Matt. xxvii. 24. -- Under the hand of, authenticated by the handwriting or signature of; as, the deed is executed under the hand and seal of the owner. Hand Hand (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handed; p. pr. & vb. n. Handing.] 1. To give, pass, or transmit with the hand; as, he handed them the letter. 2. To lead, guide, or assist with the hand; to conduct; as, to hand a lady into a carriage. 3. To manage; as, I hand my oar. [Obs.] Prior. 4. To seize; to lay hands on. [Obs.] Shak. 5. To pledge by the hand; to handfast. [R.] 6. (Naut.) To furl; -- said of a sail. Totten. To hand down, to transmit in succession, as from father to son, or from predecessor to successor; as, fables are handed down from age to age; to forward to the proper officer (the decision of a higher court); as, the Clerk of the Court of Appeals handed down its decision. -- To hand over, to yield control of; to surrender; to deliver up. Hand Hand, v. i. To co\'94perate. [Obs.] Massinger. Handbarrow Hand"bar"row (?), n. A frame or barrow, without a wheel, carried by hand. Handbill Hand"bill` (?), n. 1. A loose, printed sheet, to be distributed by hand. 2. A pruning hook. [Usually written hand bill.] Handbook Hand"book` (?), n. [Hand + book; cf. AS. handb, or G. handbuch.] A book of reference, to be carried in the hand; a manual; a guidebook. Handbreadth Hand"breadth` (?), n. A space equal to the breadth of the hand; a palm. Ex. xxxvii. 12. Handcart Hand"cart`, n. A cart drawn or pushed by hand. Handcloth Hand"cloth` (?; 115), n. A handkerchief. Handcraft Hand"craft` (?), n. Same as Handicraft. Handcraftsman Hand"crafts`man (?), n.; pl. -men (. A handicraftsman. Handcuff Hand"cuff` (?), n. [AS. handcops; hand hand + cosp, cops, fetter. The second part was confused with E. cuffs,] A fastening, consisting of an iron ring around the wrist, usually connected by a chain with one on the other wrist; a manacle; -- usually in the plural. _________________________________________________________________ Page 668 Handcuff Hand"cuff` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handcuffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Handcuffing.] To apply handcuffs to; to manacle. Hay (1754). Handed Hand"ed, a. 1. With hands joined; hand in hand. Into their inmost bower, Handed they went. Milton. 2. Having a peculiar or characteristic hand. As poisonous tongued as handed. Shak. NOTE: &hand; Ha nded is used in composition in the sense of having (such or so many) hands; as, bloody-handed; free-handed; heavy-handed; left-handed; single-handed. Hander Hand"er (?), n. One who hands over or transmits; a conveyer in succession. Dryden. Handfast Hand"fast` (?), n. 1. Hold; grasp; custody; power of confining or keeping. [Obs.] Shak. 2. Contract; specifically, espousal. [Obs.] Handfast Hand"fast`, a. Fast by contract; betrothed by joining hands. [Obs.] Bale. Handfast Hand"fast`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handfasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Handfasting.] To pledge; to bind; to betroth by joining hands, in order to cohabitation, before the celebration of marriage. [Obs.]<-- ##?? to allow cohabitation? --> Handfast Hand"fast`, n. [G. handfest; hand hand + fest strong. See Fast.] Strong; steadfast.[R.] Carlyle. Handfastly Hand"fast`ly, adv. In a handfast or publicly pledged manner. [Obs.] Holinshed. Handfish Hand"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The frogfish. Handful Hand"ful (?), n.; pl. Hand flus (#). [AS. handfull.] 1. As much as the hand will grasp or contain. Addison. 2. A hand's breadth; four inches. [Obs.] Knap the tongs together about a handful from the bottom. Bacon. 3. A small quantity. This handful of men were tied to very hard duty. Fuller. To have one's handful, to have one's hands full; to have all one can do. [Obs.] They had their handful to defend themselves from firing. Sir. W. Raleigh. Hand-hole Hand"-hole (?), n. (Steam Boilers) A small hole in a boiler for the insertion of the hand in cleaning, etc. Hand-hole plate, the cover of a hand-hole. Handicap Hand"i*cap (?), n. [From hand in cap; -- perh. in reference to an old mode of setting a bargain by taking pieces of money from a cap.] 1. An allowance of a certain amount of time or distance in starting, granted in a race to the competitor possessing inferior advantages; or an additional weight or other hindrance imposed upon the one possessing superior advantages, in order to equalize, as much as possible, the chances of success; as, the handicap was five seconds, or ten pounds, and the like. 2. A race, for horses or men, or any contest of agility, strength, or skill, in which there is an allowance of time, distance, weight, or other advantage, to equalize the chances of the competitors. 3. An old game at cards. [Obs.] Pepys. Handicap Hand"i*cap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handicapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Handicapping.] To encumber with a handicap in any contest; hence, in general, to place at disadvantage; as, the candidate was heavily handicapped. Handicapper Hand"i*cap`per (?), n. One who determines the conditions of a handicap. Handicraft Hand"i*craft (?), n. [For handcraft, influenced by handiwork; AS. handcr\'91ft.] 1. A trade requiring skill of hand; manual occupation; handcraft. Addison. 2. A man who earns his living by handicraft; a handicraftsman. [R.] Dryden. Handi-craftsman Hand"i-crafts`man (?), n.; pl. -men (. A man skilled or employed in handcraft. Bacon. Handily Hand"i*ly (?), adv. [See Handy.] In a handy manner; skillfully; conveniently. Handiness Hand"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being handy. Handiron Hand"i`ron (?), n. See Andrion. [Obs.] Handiwork Hand"i*work` (?), n. [OE. handiwerc, AS. handgeweorc; hand hand + geweorc work; prefix ge- + weorc. See Work.] Work done by the hands; hence, any work done personally. The firmament showeth his handiwork. Ps. xix. 1. Handkercher Hand"ker*cher (?), n. A handkerchief. [Obs. or Colloq.] Chapman (1654). Shak. Handkerchief Hand"ker*chief (h&acr;n"k&etil;r*ch&icr;f; 277), n. [Hand + kerchief.] 1. A piece of cloth, usually square and often fine and elegant, carried for wiping the face or hands. 2. A piece of cloth shaped like a handkerchief to be worn about the neck; a neckerchief; a neckcloth. Handle Han"dle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Handling .] [OE. handlen, AS. handian; akin to D. handelen to trade, G. handeln. See Hand.] 1. To touch; to feel with the hand; to use or hold with the hand. Handle me, and see; for a spirit hath not flesh. Luke xxiv. 39. About his altar, handling holy things. Milton. 2. To manage in using, as a spade or a musket; to wield; often, to manage skillfully. That fellow handles his bow like a crowkeeper. Shak. 3. To accustom to the hand; to work upon, or take care of, with the hands. The hardness of the winters forces the breeders to house and handle their colts six months every year. Sir W. Temple. 4. To receive and transfer; to have pass through one's hands; hence, to buy and sell; as, a merchant handles a variety of goods, or a large stock. 5. To deal with; to make a business of. They that handle the law knew me not. Jer. ii. 8. 6. To treat; to use, well or ill. How wert thou handled being prisoner. Shak. 7. To manage; to control; to practice skill upon. You shall see how I will handle her. Shak. 8. To use or manage in writing or speaking; to treat, as a theme, an argument, or an objection. We will handle what persons are apt to envy others. Bacon. To handle without gloves. See under Glove. [Colloq.] Handle Han"dle (?), v. i. To use the hands. They have hands, but they handle not. Ps. cxv. 7. Handle Han"dle, n. [AS. handle. See Hand.] 1. That part of vessels, instruments, etc., which is held in the hand when used or moved, as the haft of a sword, the knob of a door, the bail of a kettle, etc. 2. That of which use is made; the instrument for effecting a purpose; a tool. South. To give a handle, to furnish an occasion or means. Handleable Han"dle*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being handled. Handless Hand"less (?), a. Without a hand. Shak. Handling Han"dling (?), n. [AS. handlung.] 1. A touching, controlling, managing, using, etc., with the hand or hands, or as with the hands. See Handle, v. t. The heavens and your fair handling Have made you master of the field this day. Spenser. 2. (Drawing, Painting, etc.) The mode of using the pencil or brush, etc.; style of touch. Fairholt. Handmade Hand"made" (?), a. Manufactured by hand; as, handmade shoes. Handmaid, Handmaiden Hand"maid" (?), Hand"maiden (?), n. A maid that waits at hand; a female servant or attendant. Handsaw Hand"saw` (#) n. A saw used with one hand. Handsel Hand"sel (?), n. [Written also hansel.] [OE. handsal, hansal, hansel, AS. handsa giving into hands, or more prob. fr. Icel. handsal; hand hand + sal sale, bargain; akin to AS. sellan to give, deliver. See Sell, Sale. ] 1. A sale, gift, or delivery into the hand of another; especially, a sale, gift, delivery, or using which is the first of a series, and regarded as on omen for the rest; a first installment; an earnest; as the first money received for the sale of goods in the morning, the first money taken at a shop newly opened, the first present sent to a young woman on her wedding day, etc. Their first good handsel of breath in this world. Fuller. Our present tears here, not our present laughter, Are but the handsels of our joys hereafter. Herrick. 2. Price; payment. [Obs.] Spenser. Handsel Monday, the first Monday of the new year, when handsels or presents are given to servants, children, etc. Handsel Hand"sel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handseled OR Handseled (; p. pr. & vb. n. Handseling OR Handselling.] [Written also hansel.] [OE handsellen, hansellen;cf. Isel. hadsala, handselja. See Handsel, n.] 1. To give a handsel to. 2. To use or do for the first time, esp. so as to make fortunate or unfortunate; to try experimentally. No contrivance of our body, but some good man in Scripture hath handseled it with prayer. Fuller. Handsome Hand"some (?; 277), a. [Compar. Handsomer (?); superl. Handsomest.] [Hand + -some. It at first meant, dexterous; cf. D. handzaam dexterous, ready, limber, manageable, and E. handy.] 1. Dexterous; skillful; handy; ready; convenient; -- applied to things as persons. [Obs.] That they [engines of war] be both easy to be carried and handsome to be moved and turned about. Robynson (Utopia). For a thief it is so handsome as it may seem it was first invented for him. Spenser. 2. Agreeable to the eye or to correct taste; having a pleasing appearance or expression; attractive; having symmetry and dignity; comely; -- expressing more than pretty, and less than beautiful; as, a handsome man or woman; a handsome garment, house, tree, horse.<-- MW10 treats it as synonymous with beautiful in this sense. --> 3. Suitable or fit in action; marked with propriety and ease; graceful; becoming; appropriate; as, a handsome style, etc. Easiness and handsome address in writing. Felton. 4. Evincing a becoming generosity or nobleness of character; liberal; generous. Handsome is as handsome does. Old Proverb. 5. Ample; moderately large. He . . . accumulated a handsome sum of money. V. Knox. To do the handsome thing, to act liberally. [Colloq.] Syn. -- Handsome, Pretty. Pretty applies to things comparatively small, which please by their delicacy and grace; as, a pretty girl, a pretty flower, a pretty cottage. Handsome rises higher, and is applied to objects on a larger scale. We admire what is handsome, we are pleased with what is pretty. The word is connected with hand, and has thus acquired the idea of training, cultivation, symmetry, and proportion, which enters so largely into our conception of handsome. Thus Drayton makes mention of handsome players, meaning those, who are well trained; and hence we speak of a man's having a handsome address, which is the result of culture; of a handsome horse or dog, which implies well proportioned limbs; of a handsome face, to which, among other qualities, the idea of proportion and a graceful contour are essential; of a handsome tree, and a handsome house or villa. So, from this idea of proportion or suitableness, we have, with a different application, the expressions, a handsome fortune, a handsome offer. Hadsome Had"some, v. t. To render handsome. [Obs.] Donne Handsomely Hand"some*ly, adv. 1. In a handsome manner. 2. (Naut.) Carefully; in shipshape style. Handsomeness Hand"some*ness, n. The quality of being handsome. Handsomeness is the mere animal excellence, beauty the mere imaginative. Hare. Handspike Hand"spike` (?), n. A bar or lever, generally of wood, used in a windlass or capstan, for heaving anchor, and, in modified forms, for various purposes. Handspring Hand"spring` (?), n. A somersault made with the assistance of the hands placed upon the ground. Hand-tight Hand"-tight` (?), a. (Naut.) As tight as can be made by the hand. Totten. Handwheel Hand"wheel` (?), n. (Mach.) Any wheel worked by hand; esp., one the rim of which serves as the handle by which a valve, car brake, or other part is adjusted. Hand-winged Hand"-winged` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having wings that are like hands in the structure and arrangement of their bones; -- said of bats. See Cheiroptera. Handwriting Hand"writ`ing (?), n. 1. The cast or form of writing peculiar to each hand or person; chirography. 2. That which is written by hand; manuscript. The handwriting on the wall, a doom pronounced; an omen of disaster. Dan. v. 5. Handy Hand"y (?), a. [Compar. Handier (?); superl. Handiest.] [OE. hendi, AS. hendig (in comp.), fr. hand hand; akin to D. handig, Goth. handugs clever, wise.] 1. Performed by the hand. [Obs.] To draw up and come to handy strokes. Milton. 2. Skillful in using the hand; dexterous; ready; adroit. "Each is handy in his way." Dryden. 3. Ready to the hand; near; also, suited to the use of the hand; convenient; valuable for reference or use; as, my tools are handy; a handy volume. 4. (Naut.) Easily managed; obedient to the helm; -- said of a vessel. Handyy-dandy Handy"y-dan`dy (?), n. A child's play, one child guessing in which closed hand the other holds some small object, winning the object if right and forfeiting an equivalent if wrong; hence, forfeit. Piers Plowman. Handyfight Hand"y*fight` (?), n. A fight with the hands; boxing. "Pollux loves handyfights." B. Jonson. Handygripe Hand"y*gripe` (?), n. Seizure by, or grasp of, the hand; also, close quarters in fighting. Hudibras. Handystroke Hand"y*stroke` (?), n. A blow with the hand. Hand-work Hand"-work` (?), n. See Handiwork. Hang Hang (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hanged (h?ngd) OR Hung (; p. pr. & vb. n. Hanging. The use of hanged is preferable to that of hung, when reference is had to death or execution by suspension, and it is also more common.] [OE. hangen, hangien, v. t. & i., AS. hangian, v. i., fr. h, v. t. (imp. heng, p. p. hongen); akin to OS. hang, v. i. D. hangen, v. t. & i., G. hangen, v. i, h\'84ngen, v. t, Isel hanga, v. i., Goth. h\'behan, v. t. (imp. ha\'a1hah), h\'behan, v. i. (imp. hahaida), and perh. to L. cunctari to delay. &root;37. ] 1. To suspend; to fasten to some elevated point without support from below; -- often used with up or out; as, to hang a coat on a hook; to hang up a sign; to hang out a banner. 2. To fasten in a manner which will allow of free motion upon the point or points of suspension; -- said of a pendulum, a swing, a door, gate, etc. 3. To fit properly, as at a proper angle (a part of an implement that is swung in using), as a scythe to its snath, or an ax to its helve. [U. S.] 4. To put to death by suspending by the neck; -- a form of capital punishment; as, to hang a murderer. 5. To cover, decorate, or furnish by hanging pictures trophies, drapery, and the like, or by covering with paper hangings; -- said of a wall, a room, etc. Hung be the heavens with black. Shak. And hung thy holy roofs with savage spoils. Dryden. 6. To paste, as paper hangings, on the walls of a room. 7. To hold or bear in a suspended or inclined manner or position instead of erect; to droop; as, he hung his head in shame. Cowslips wan that hang the pensive head. Milton. To hang down, to let fall below the proper position; to bend down; to decline; as, to hang down the head, or, elliptically, to hang the head. -- To hang fire (Mil.), to be slow in communicating fire through the vent to the charge; as, the gun hangs fire; hence, to hesitate, to hold back as if in suspense. Hand Hand, v. i. 1. To be suspended or fastened to some elevated point without support from below; to dangle; to float; to rest; to remain; to stay. 2. To be fastened in such a manner as to allow of free motion on the point or points of suspension. 3. To die or be put to death by suspension from the neck. [R.] "Sir Balaam hangs." Pope. 4. To hold for support; to depend; to cling; -- usually with on or upon; as, this question hangs on a single point. "Two infants hanging on her neck." Peacham. 5. To be, or be like, a suspended weight. Life hangs upon me, and becomes a burden. Addison. 6. To hover; to impend; to appear threateningly; -- usually with over; as, evils hang over the country. 7. To lean or incline; to incline downward. To decide which way hung the victory. Milton. His neck obliquely o'er his shoulder hung. Pope. 8. To slope down; as, hanging grounds. 9. To be undetermined or uncertain; to be in suspense; to linger; to be delayed. A noble stroke he lifted high, Which hung not, but so swift with tempest fell On the proud crest of Satan. Milton. To hang around, to loiter idly about. -- To hang back, to hesitate; to falter; to be reluctant. "If any one among you hangs back." Jowett (Thucyd.). -- To hang by the eyelids. (a) To hang by a very slight hold or tenure. (b) To be in an unfinished condition; to be left incomplete. -- To hang in doubt, to be in suspense. -- To hang on (with the emphasis on the preposition), to keep hold; to hold fast; to stick; to be persistent, as a disease. -- To hang on the lips, words, etc., to be charmed by eloquence. -- To hang out. (a) To be hung out so as to be displayed; to project. (b) To be unyielding; as, the juryman hangs out against an agreement. [Colloq.]<-- =hold out?--> (c) to lounge around a particular place; as, teenageers tend to hang out at the mall these days--> -- To hang over. (a) To project at the top. (b) To impend over. -- To hang to, to cling. -- To hang together. (a) To remain united; to stand by one another. "We are all of a piece; we hang together." Dryden. (b) To be self-consistent; as, the story does not hang together. [Colloq.] -- To hang upon. (a) To regard with passionate affection. (b) (Mil.) To hover around; as, to hang upon the flanks of a retreating enemy. Hang Hang, n. 1. The manner in which one part or thing hangs upon, or is connected with, another; as, the hang of a scythe. 2. Connection; arrangement; plan; as, the hang of a discourse. [Colloq.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 669 3. A sharp or steep declivity or slope. [Colloq.] To get the hang of, to learn the method or arrangement of; hence, to become accustomed to. [Colloq.] Hangbird Hang"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l) The Baltimore oriole (Icterus galbula); -- so called because its nest is suspended from the limb of a tree. See Baltimore oriole. Hang-by Hang"-by` (?), n.; pl. Hang-bies (. A dependent; a hanger-on; -- so called in contempt. B. Jonson. Hagdog Hag"dog` (?), n. A base, degraded person; a sneak; a gallows bird. Hangdog Hang"dog`, Low; sneaking; ashamed. The poor colonel went out of the room with a hangdog look. Thackeray. Hanger Hang"er (?), n. 1. One who hangs, or causes to be hanged; a hangman. 2. That by which a thing is suspended. Especially: (a) A strap hung to the girdle, by which a dagger or sword is suspended. (b) (Mach.) A part that suspends a journal box in which shafting runs. See Illust. of Countershaft. (c) A bridle iron.<-- (d) clothes hanger --> 3. That which hangs or is suspended, as a sword worn at the side; especially, in the 18th century, a short, curved sword. 4. A steep, wooded declivity. [Eng.] Gilbert White. Hanger-on Hang"er-on` (?), n.; pl. Hangers-on (. One who hangs on, or sticks to, a person, place, or service; a dependent; one who adheres to others' society longer than he is wanted. Goldsmith. Hanging Hang"ing, a. 1. Requiring, deserving, or foreboding death by the halter. "What a hanging face!" Dryden. 2. Suspended from above; pendent; as, hanging shelves. 3. Adapted for sustaining a hanging object; as, the hanging post of a gate, the post which holds the hinges. Hanging compass, a compass suspended so that the card may be read from beneath. -- Hanging garden, a garden sustained at an artificial elevation by any means, as by the terraces at Babylon. -- Hanging indentation. See under Indentation. -- Hanging rail (Arch.), that rail of a door or casement to which hinges are attached. -- Hanging side (Mining), the overhanging side of an inclined or hading vein. -- Hanging sleeves. (a) Strips of the same stuff as the gown, hanging down the back from the shoulders. (b) Loose, flowing sleeves. -- Hanging stile. (Arch.) (a) That stile of a door to which hinges are secured. (b) That upright of a window frame to which casements are hinged, or in which the pulleys for sash windows are fastened. -- Hanging wall (Mining), the upper wall of inclined vein, or that which hangs over the miner's head when working in the vein. Hanging Hang"ing, n. 1. The act of suspending anything; the state of being suspended. 2. Death by suspension; execution by a halter. 3. That which is hung as lining or drapery for the walls of a room, as tapestry, paper, etc., or to cover or drape a door or window; -- used chiefly in the plural. Nor purple hangings clothe the palace walls. Dryden. Hangman Hang"man (?), n.; pl. Hangmen( One who hangs another; esp., one who makes a business of hanging; a public executioner; -- sometimes used as a term of reproach, without reference to office. Shak. Hangmanship Hang"man*ship, n.. The office or character of a hangman. Hangnail Hang"nail` (?), n. [A corruption of agnail.] A small piece or silver of skin which hangs loose, near the root of finger nail. Holloway. Hangnest Hang"nest` (?), n. 1. A nest that hangs like a bag or pocket. 2. A bird which builds such a nest; a hangbird. Hank Hank (?), n. [Cf. Dan. hank handle, Sw. hank a band or tie, Icel. hanki hasp, clasp, h\'94nk, hangr, hank, coil, skein, G. henkel, henk, handle; ar prob. akin to E. hang. See Hang.] 1. A parcel consisting of two or more skeins of yarn or thread tied together. 2. A rope or withe for fastening a gate. [Prov. Eng.] 3. Hold; influence. When the devil hath got such a hank over him. Bp. Sanderson. 4. (Naut.) A ring or eye of rope, wood, or iron, attached to the edge of a sail and running on a stay. Hank Hank, v. t. 1. [OE. hanken.] To fasten with a rope, as a gate. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. 2. To form into hanks. Hanker Han"ker (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hankered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hankering.] [Prob. fr. hang; cf. D. hunkeren, hengelen.] 1. To long (for) with a keen appetite and uneasiness; to have a vehement desire; -- usually with for or after; as, to hanker after fruit; to hanker after the diversions of the town. Addison. He was hankering to join his friend. J. A. Symonds. 2. To linger in expectation or with desire. Thackeray. Hankeringly Han"ker*ing*ly, adv. In a hankering manner. Hankey-pankey Han"key-pan"key (?), n. [Cf. Hocus-pocus.] Professional cant; the chatter of conjurers to divert attention from their tricks; hence, jugglery. [Colloq.] Hanoverian Han`o*ve"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Hanover or its people, or to the House of Hanover in England. Hanoverian Han`o*ve"ri*an, n. A native or naturalized inhabitant of Hanover; one of the House of Hanover. Han sa Han" sa (?), n. See 2d Hanse. Hansard Han"sard (?), n. An official report of proceedings in the British Parliament; -- so called from the name of the publishers. Hansard Han"sard, n. A merchant of one of the Hanse towns. See the Note under 2d Hanse. Hanse Hanse (?), n. [Cf. F. anse handle, anse de panier surbased arch, flat arch, vault, and E. haunch hip.] (Arch.) That part of an elliptical or many-centered arch which has the shorter radius and immediately adjoins the impost. Hanse Hanse, n. [G. hanse, or F. hanse (from German), OHG. & Goth. hansa; akin to AS. h band, troop.] An association; a league or confederacy. Hanse towns (Hist.), certain commercial cities in Germany which associated themselves for the protection and enlarging of their commerce. The confederacy, called also Hansa and Hanseatic league, held its first diet in 1260, and was maintained for nearly four hundred years. At one time the league comprised eighty-five cities. Its remnants, L\'81beck, Hamburg, and Bremen, are free cities, and are still frequently called Hanse towns. Hanseatic Han`se*at"ic (?), a. Pertaining to the Hanse towns, or to their confederacy. Hanseatic league. See under 2d Hanse. Hansel Han"sel (?), n. & v. See Handsel. Hanselines Han"sel*ines (?), n. A sort of breeches. [Obs..] Chaucer. Hansom, n., Hansom cab Han"som (?), n., Han"som cab` (. [From the name of the inventor.] A light, low, two-wheeled covered carriage with the driver's seat elevated behind, the reins being passed over the top. He hailed a cruising hansom . . . " 'Tis the gondola of London," said Lothair. Beaconsfield. Han't Han't (?). A contraction of have not, or has not, used in illiterate speech. In the United States the commoner spelling is hain't. Hanuman Han"u*man (?), n. See Hoonoomaun. Hap Hap (?), v. t. [OE.happen.] To clothe; to wrap. The surgeon happed her up carefully. Dr. J. Brown. Hap Hap, n. [Cf. Hap to clothe.] A cloak or plaid. [O. Eng. & Scot.] Hap Hap, n. [Icel. happ unexpected good luck. That which happens or comes suddenly or unexpectedly; also, the manner of occurrence or taking place; chance; fortune; accident; casual event; fate; luck; lot. Chaucer. Whether art it was or heedless hap. Spenser. Cursed be good haps, and cursed be they that build Their hopes on haps. Sir P. Sidney. Loving goes by haps: Some Cupid kills with arrows, some with traps. Shak. Hap Hap, v. i. [OE. happen. See Hap chance, and cf. Happen.] To happen; to befall; to chance. Chaucer. Sends word of all that haps in Tyre. Shak. Hap'penny Hap'"pen*ny (?), n. A half-penny. Haphazard Hap"haz`ard (?), n. [Hap + hazard.] Extra hazard; chance; accident; random. We take our principles at haphazard, upon trust. Locke. Hapless Hap"less (?), a. Without hap or luck; luckless; unfortunate; unlucky; unhappy; as, hapless youth; hapless maid. Dryden. Haplessly Hap"less*ly, adv. In a hapless, unlucky manner. Haplomi Ha*plo"mi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of freshwater fishes, including the true pikes, cyprinodonts, and blindfishes. Hallostemonous Hal`lo*stem"o*nous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having but one series of stamens, and that equal in number to the proper number of petals; isostemonous. Haply Hap"ly (?), adv. By hap, chance, luck, or accident; perhaps; it may be. Lest haply ye be found even to fight against God. Acts v. 39. Happed Happed (?), p. a. [From 1st Hap.] Wrapped; covered; cloaked. [Scot.] All happed with flowers in the green wood were. Hogg. Happen Hap"pen (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Happened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Happening.] [OE. happenen, hapnen. See Hap to happen.] 1. To come by chance; to come without previous expectation; to fall out. There shall no evil happen to the just. Prov. xii. 21. 2. To take place; to occur. All these things which had happened. Luke xxiv. 14. To happen on, to meet with; to fall or light upon. "I have happened on some other accounts." Graunt. -- To happen in, to make a casual call. [Colloq.] Happily Hap"pi*ly (?), adv. [From Happy.] 1. By chance; peradventure; haply. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. 2. By good fortune; fortunately; luckily. Preferred by conquest, happily o'erthrown. Waller. 3. In a happy manner or state; in happy circumstances; as, he lived happily with his wife. 4. With address or dexterity; gracefully; felicitously; in a manner to success; with success. Formed by thy converse, happily to steer From grave to gay, from lively to severe. Pope. Syn. -- Fortunately; luckily; successfully; prosperously; contentedly; dexterously; felicitously. Happiness Hap"pi*ness, n. [From Happy.] 1. Good luck; good fortune; prosperity. All happiness bechance to thee in Milan! Shak. 2. An agreeable feeling or condition of the soul arising from good fortune or propitious happening of any kind; the possession of those circumstances or that state of being which is attended enjoyment; the state of being happy; contentment; joyful satisfaction; felicity; blessedness. 3. Fortuitous elegance; unstudied grace; -- used especially of language. Some beauties yet no precepts can declare, For there's a happiness, as well as care. Pope. Syn. -- Happiness, Felicity, Blessedness, Bliss. Happiness is generic, and is applied to almost every kind of enjoyment except that of the animal appetites; felicity is a more formal word, and is used more sparingly in the same general sense, but with elevated associations; blessedness is applied to the most refined enjoyment arising from the purest social, benevolent, and religious affections; bliss denotes still more exalted delight, and is applied more appropriately to the joy anticipated in heaven. O happiness! our being's end and aim! Pope. Others in virtue place felicity, But virtue joined with riches and long life; In corporal pleasures he, and careless ease. Milton. His overthrow heaped happiness upon him; For then, and not till then, he felt himself, And found the blessedness of being little. Shak. Happy Hap"py (?), a. [Compar. Happier (?); superl. Happiest.] [From Hap chance.] 1. Favored by hap, luck, or fortune; lucky; fortunate; successful; prosperous; satisfying desire; as, a happy expedient; a happy effort; a happy venture; a happy omen. Chymists have been more happy in finding experiments than the causes of them. Boyle. 2. Experiencing the effect of favorable fortune; having the feeling arising from the consciousness of well-being or of enjoyment; enjoying good of any kind, as peace, tranquillity, comfort; contented; joyous; as, happy hours, happy thoughts. Happy is that people, whose God is the Lord. Ps. cxliv. 15. The learned is happy Nature to explore, The fool is happy that he knows no more. Pope. 3. Dexterous; ready; apt; felicitous. One gentleman is happy at a reply, another excels in a in a rejoinder. Swift. Happy family, a collection of animals of different and hostile propensities living peaceably together in one cage. Used ironically of conventional alliances of persons who are in fact mutually repugnant. -- Happy-go-lucky, trusting to hap or luck; improvident; easy-going. "Happy-go-lucky carelessness." W. Black. Hapuku Ha*pu"ku (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large and valuable food fish (Polyprion prognathus) of New Zealand. It sometimes weighs one hundred pounds or more. Haquebut Haque"but (?), n. See Hagbut. Hara-kiri Ha"ra-ki`ri (?), n. [Jap., stomach cutting.] Suicide, by slashing the abdomen, formerly practiced in Japan, and commanded by the government in the cases of disgraced officials; disembowelment; -- also written, but incorrectly, hari-kari. W. E. Griffis. Harangue Ha*rangue" (?), n. [F. harangue: cf. Sp. arenda, It. aringa; lit., a speech before a multitude or on the hustings, It. aringo arena, hustings, pulpit; all fr. OHG. hring ring, anything round, ring of people, G. ring. See Ring.] A speech addressed to a large public assembly; a popular oration; a loud address a multitude; in a bad sense, a noisy or pompous speech; declamation; ranting. Gray-headed men and grave, with warriors mixed, Assemble, and harangues are heard. Milton. Syn. -- Harangue, Speech, Oration. Speech is generic; an oration is an elaborate and rhetorical speech; an harangue is a vehement appeal to the passions, or a noisy, disputatious address. A general makes an harangue to his troops on the eve of a battle; a demagogue harangues the populace on the subject of their wrongs. Harangue Ha*rangue", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Harangued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Haranguing.] [Cf. F. haranguer, It. aringare.] To make an harangue; to declaim. Harangue Ha*rangue", v. t. To address by an harangue. Harangueful Ha*rangue"ful (?), a. Full of harangue. Haranguer Ha*rang"uer (?), n. One who harangues, or is fond of haranguing; a declaimer. With them join'd all th' harangues of the throng, That thought to get preferment by the tongue. Dryden. Harass Har"ass (h&acr;r"as), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Harassing.] [F. harasser; cf. OF. harace a basket made of cords, harace, harasse,a very heavy and large shield; or harer to set (a dog) on.] To fatigue; to tire with repeated and exhausting efforts; esp., to weary by importunity, teasing, or fretting; to cause to endure excessive burdens or anxieties; -- sometimes followed by out. [Troops] harassed with a long and wearisome march. Bacon. Nature oppressed and harass'd out with care. Addison. Vext with lawyers and harass'd with debt. Tennyson. Syn. -- To weary; jade; tire; perplex; distress; tease; worry; disquiet; chafe; gall; annoy; irritate; plague; vex; molest; trouble; disturb; torment. Harass Har"ass, n. 1. Devastation; waste. [Obs.] Milton. 2. Worry; harassment. [R.] Byron. Harasser Har"ass*er (?), n. One who harasses. Harassment Har"ass*ment (?), n. The act of harassing, or state of being harassed; worry; annoyance; anxiety. Little harassments which I am led to suspect do occasionally molest the most fortunate. Ld. Lytton. Harberous Har"ber*ous (?), a. Harborous. [Obs.] A bishop must be faultless, the husband of one wife, honestly appareled, harberous. Tyndale (1 Tim. iii. 2) Harbinger Har"bin*ger (?), n. [OE. herbergeour, OF. herbergeor one who provides lodging, fr. herbergier to provide lodging, F. h\'82berger, OF. herberge lodging, inn, F. auberge; of German origin. See Harbor.] 1. One who provides lodgings; especially, the officer of the English royal household who formerly preceded the court when traveling, to provide and prepare lodgings. Fuller. 2. A forerunner; a precursor; a messenger. I knew by these harbingers who were coming. Landor. Harbinger Har"bin*ger, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harbingered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Harbingering.] To usher in; to be a harbinger of. "Thus did the star of religious freedom harbinger the day." Bancroft. Harbor Har"bor (?), n. [Written also harbour.] [OE herbor, herberwe, herberge, Icel. herbergi (cf. OHG. heriberga), orig., a shelter for soldiers; herr army + bjarga to save, help, defend; akin to AS. here army, G. heer, OHG. heri, Goth. harjis, and AS. beorgan to save, shelter, defend, G. bergen. See Harry, 2d Bury, and cf. Harbinger.] 1. A station for rest and entertainment; a place of security and comfort; a refuge; a shelter. [A grove] fair harbour that them seems. Spenser. For harbor at a thousand doors they knocked. Dryden. 2. Specif.: A lodging place; an inn. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3. (Astrol.) The mansion of a heavenly body. [Obs.] 4. A portion of a sea, a lake, or other large body of water, either landlocked or artificially protected so as to be a place of safety for vessels in stormy weather; a port or haven. _________________________________________________________________ Page 670 5. (Glass Works) A mixing box materials. Harbor dues (Naut.), fees paid for the use of a harbor. -- Harbor seal (Zo\'94l.), the common seal. -- Harbor watch, a watch set when a vessel is in port; an anchor watch. Harbor Har"bor (?), v. t. [Written also harbour.] [imp. & p. p. Harbored (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Harboring.] [OE. herberen, herberwen, herbergen; cf. Icel. herbergja. See Harbor, n.] To afford lodging to; to enter as guest; to receive; to give a refuge to; indulge or cherish (a thought or feeling, esp. an ill thought). Any place that harbors men. Shak. The bare suspicion made it treason to harbor the person suspected. Bp. Burnet. Let not your gentle breast harbor one thought of outrage. Rowe. Harbor Har"bor, v. i. To lodge, or abide for a time; to take shelter, as in a harbor. For this night let's harbor here in York. Shak. Harborage Har"bor*age (?), n. Shelter; entertainment.[R.] Where can I get me harborage for the night? Tennyson. Harborer Har"bor*er (?), n. One who, or that which, harbors. Geneva was . . . a harborer of exiles for religion. Strype. Harborless Har"bor*less, a. Without a harbor; shelterless. Harbor master Har"bor mas`ter (?). An officer charged with the duty of executing the regulations respecting the use of a harbor. Harborough, Harbrough Har"bor*ough (?), Har"brough (?),[See Harbor.] A shelter. [Obs]. Spenser. Harborous Har"bor*ous (?), a. Hospitable. [Obs.] Hard Hard (?), a. [Compar. Harder (?); superl. Hardest.] [OE. heard, AS. heard; akin to OS. & D. heard, G. hart, OHG. harti, Icel. har, Dan. haard, Sw. h\'86rd, Goth. hardus, Gr.,, strength, and also to E. -ard, as in coward, drunkard, -crat, -cracy in autocrat, democracy; cf. Skr. kratu strength, to do, make. Gf.Hardy.] 1. Not easily penetrated, cut, or separated into parts; not yielding to pressure; firm; solid; compact; -- applied to material bodies, and opposed to soft; as, hard wood; hard flesh; a hard apple. 2. Difficult, mentally or judicially; not easily apprehended, decided, or resolved; as a hard problem. The hard causes they brought unto Moses. Ex. xviii. 26. In which are some things hard to be understood. 2 Peter iii. 16. 3. Difficult to accomplish; full of obstacles; laborious; fatiguing; arduous; as, a hard task; a disease hard to cure. 4. Difficult to resist or control; powerful. The stag was too hard for the horse. L'Estrange. A power which will be always too hard for them. Addison. 5. Difficult to bear or endure; not easy to put up with or consent to; hence, severe; rigorous; oppressive; distressing; unjust; grasping; as, a hard lot; hard times; hard fare; a hard winter; hard conditions or terms. I never could drive a hard bargain. Burke. 6. Difficult to please or influence; stern; unyielding; obdurate; unsympathetic; unfeeling; cruel; as, a hard master; a hard heart; hard words; a hard character. 7. Not easy or agreeable to the taste; stiff; rigid; ungraceful; repelling; as, a hard style. Figures harder than even the marble itself. Dryden. 8. Rough; acid; sour, as liquors; as, hard cider. 9. (Pron.) Abrupt or explosive in utterance; not aspirated, sibilated, or pronounced with a gradual change of the organs from one position to another;- said of certain consonants, as c in came, and g in go, as distinguished from the same letters in center, general, etc. 10. Wanting softness or smoothness of utterance; harsh; as, a hard tone. 11. (Painting) (a) Rigid in the drawing or distribution of the figures; formal; lacking grace of composition. (b) Having disagreeable and abrupt contrasts in the coloring or light and shade. Hard cancer, Hard case, etc. See under Cancer, Case, etc. -- Hard clam, OR Hard-shelled clam (Zo\'94l.), the guahog. -- Hard coal, anthracite, as distinguished from bituminous or soft coal. -- Hard and fast. (Naut.) See under Fast. -- Hard finish (Arch.), a smooth finishing coat of hard fine plaster applied to the surface of rough plastering. -- Hard lines, hardship; difficult conditions. -- Hard money, coin or specie, as distinguished from paper money. -- Hard oyster (Zo\'94l.), the northern native oyster. [Local, U. S.] -- Hard pan, the hard stratum of earth lying beneath the soil; hence, figuratively, the firm, substantial, fundamental part or quality of anything; as, the hard pan of character, of a matter in dispute, etc. See Pan. -- Hard rubber. See under Rubber. -- Hard solder. See under Solder. -- Hard water, water, which contains lime or some mineral substance rendering it unfit for washing. See Hardness, 3.- Hard wood, wood of a solid or hard texture; as walnut, oak, ash, box, and the like, in distinction from pine, poplar, hemlock, etc.- In hard condition, in excellent condition for racing; having firm muscles;-said of race horses. Syn. -- Solid; arduous; powerful; trying; unyielding; stubborn; stern; flinty; unfeeling; harsh; difficult; severe; obdurate; rigid. See Solid, and Arduous. Hard Hard, adv. [OE. harde, AS. hearde.] 1. With pressure; with urgency; hence, diligently; earnestly. And prayed so hard for mercy from the prince. Dryden. My father Is hard at study; pray now, rest yourself. Shak. 2. With difficulty; as, the vehicle moves hard. 3. Uneasily; vexatiously; slowly. Shak. 4. So as to raise difficulties. " The guestion is hard set". Sir T. Browne. 5. With tension or strain of the powers; violently; with force; tempestuously; vehemently; vigorously; energetically; as, to press, to blow, to rain hard; hence, rapidly; as, to run hard. 6. Close or near. Whose house joined hard to the synagogue. Acts xviii.7. Hard by, near by; close at hand; not far off. "Hard by a cottage chimney smokes." Milton. -- Hard pushed, Hard run, greatly pressed; as, he was hard pushed or hard run for time, money, etc. [Colloq.] -- Hard up, closely pressed by want or necessity; without money or resources; as, hard up for amusements. [Slang] NOTE: &hand; Ha rd in nautical language is often joined to words of command to the helmsman, denoting that the order should be carried out with the utmost energy, or that the helm should be put, in the direction indicated, to the extreme limit, as, Hard aport! Hard astarboard! Hard alee! Hard aweather up! Hard is also often used in composition with a participle; as, hard-baked; hard-earned; hard-working; hard-won. Hard Hard (?), v. t. To harden; to make hard. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hard Hard, n. A ford or passage across a river or swamp. Hardbake Hard"bake` (?), n. A sweetmeat of boiled brown sugar or molasses made with almonds, and flavored with orange or lemon juice, etc. Thackeray. Hardbeam Hard"beam` (?), n. (Bot.) A tree of the genus Carpinus, of compact, horny texture; hornbeam. Harden Hard"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hardened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hardening (?).] [OE. hardnen, hardenen.] 1. To make hard or harder; to make firm or compact; to indurate; as, to harden clay or iron. 2. To accustom by labor or suffering to endure with constancy; to strengthen; to stiffen; to inure; also, to confirm in wickedness or shame; to make unimpressionable. "Harden not your heart." Ps. xcv. 8. I would harden myself in sorrow. Job vi. 10. Harden Hard"en, v. i. 1. To become hard or harder; to acquire solidity, or more compactness; as, mortar hardens by drying. The deliberate judgment of those who knew him [A. Lincoln] has hardened into tradition. The Century. 2. To become confirmed or strengthened, in either a good or a bad sense. They, hardened more by what might most reclaim. Milton. Hardened Hard"ened (?), a. Made hard, or compact; made unfeeling or callous; made obstinate or obdurate; confirmed in error or vice. Syn. -- Impenetrable; hard; obdurate; callous; unfeeling; unsusceptible; insensible. See Obdurate. Hardener Hard"en*er (?), n. One who, or that which, hardens; specif., one who tempers tools. Hardening Hard"en*ing, n. 1. Making hard or harder. 2. That which hardens, as a material used for converting the surface of iron into steel. Harder Har"der (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A South African mullet, salted for food. Harderian Har*de"ri*an (?), a. (Anat.) A term applied to a lachrymal gland on the inner side of the orbit of many animals which have a third eyelid, or nictitating membrane. See Nictitating membrane, under Nictitate. Hard-favored Hard"-fa`vored (?), a. Hard-featured; ill-looking; as, Vulcan was hard-favored. Dryden. Hardfavoredness Hard"fa`vored*ness, n. Coarseness of features. Hard-featured Hard"-fea`tured (?), a Having coarse, unattractive or stern features. Smollett. Hardfern Hard"fern` (?), n. (Bot.) A species of fern (Lomaria borealis), growing in Europe and Northwestern America. Hard-fisted Hard"-fist`ed (?), a. 1. Having hard or strong hands; as, a hard-fisted laborer. 2. Close-fisted; covetous; niggardly. Bp. Hall. Hard-fought Hard"-fought` (?), a. Vigorously contested; as, a hard-fought battle. Hard grass Hard" grass` (. (Bot.) A name given to several different grasses, especially to the Roltb\'94llia incurvata, and to the species of \'92gilops, from one of which it is contended that wheat has been derived. Hardhack Hard"hack` (, n. (Bot.) A very astringent shrub (Spir\'91a tomentosa), common in pastures. The Potentilla fruticosa in also called by this name. Hard-handed Hard"-hand`ed (?), a. Having hard hands, as a manual laborer. Hard-handed men that work in Athens here. Shak. Hardhead Hard"head` (?), n. 1. Clash or collision of heads in contest. Dryden. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The menhaden. See Menhaden. [Local, U.S.] (b) Block's gurnard (Trigla gurnardus) of Europe. (c) A California salmon; the steelhead. (d) The gray whale. See Gray whale, under Gray. (e) A coarse American commercial sponge (Spongia dura). Hard-headed Hard"-head`ed, a. Having sound judgment; sagacious; shrewd. -- Hard"-head`ed*ness, n. Hard-hearted Hard"-heart`ed (?), a. Unsympathetic; inexorable; cruel; pitiless. -- Hard"-heart`ed*ness, n. Harddihead Hard"di*head (?), n. Hardihood. [Obs.] Harddihood Hard"di*hood (?), n. [Hardy + -hood.] Boldness, united with firmness and constancy of mind; bravery; intrepidity; also, audaciousness; impudence. A bound of graceful hardihood. Wordsworth. It is the society of numbers which gives hardihood to iniquity. Buckminster. Syn. -- Intrepidity; courage; pluck; resolution; stoutness; audacity; effrontery; impudence. Hardily Har"di*ly, adv. 1. Same as Hardly. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Boldly; stoutly; resolutely. Wyclif. Hardiment Har"di*ment (?), n. [OF. hardement. See Hardy.] Hardihood; boldness; courage; energetic action. [Obs.] Changing hardiment with great Glendower. Shak. Hardiness Har"di*ness (?), n. 1. Capability of endurance. 2. Hardihood; boldness; firmness; assurance. Spenser. Plenty and peace breeds cowards; Hardness ever Of hardiness is mother. Shak. They who were not yet grown to the hardiness of avowing the contempt of the king. Clarendon. 3. Hardship; fatigue. [Obs.] Spenser. Hardish Hard"ish (?), a. Somewhat hard. Hard-labored Hard"-la`bored (?), a. Wrought with severe labor; elaborate; studied. Swift. Hardly Hard"ly (?), adv. [AS.heardlice. See Hand.] 1. In a hard or difficult manner; with difficulty. Recovering hardly what he lost before. Dryden. 2. Unwillingly; grudgingly. The House of Peers gave so hardly theiMilton. 3. Scarcely; barely; not guite; not wholly. Hardly shall you one so bad, but he desires the credit of being thought good. South. 4. Severely; harshly; roughly. He has in many things been hardly used. Swift. 5. Confidently; hardily. [Obs.] Holland. 6. Certainly; surely; indeed. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hard-mouthed Hard"-mouthed` (?), a. Not sensible to the bit; not easily governed; as, a hard-mouthed horse. Hardness Hard"ness, n. [AS. heardness.] 1. The quality or state of being hard, literally or figuratively. The habit of authority also had given his manners some peremptory hardness. Sir W. Scott. 2. (Min.) The cohesion of the particles on the surface of a body, determined by its capacity to scratch another, or be itself scratched;-measured among minerals on a scale of which diamond and talc form the extremes. 3. (Chem.) The peculiar quality exhibited by water which has mineral salts dissolved in it. Such water forms an insoluble compound with soap, and is hence unfit for washing purposes. NOTE: &hand; Th is qu ality is ca used by the presence of calcium carbonate, causing temporary hardness which can be removed by boiling, or by calcium sulphate, causing permanent hardness which can not be so removed, but may be improved by the addition of sodium carbonate. Hardock Har"dock (?), n. [Obs.] See Hordock. Hardpan Hard"pan` (?), n. The hard substratum. Same as Hard pan, under Hard, a. Hards Hards (?), n. pl. [OE. herdes, AS. heordan; akin to G. hede.] The refuse or coarse part of fiax; tow. Hard-shell Hard"-shell` (?), a. Unyielding; insensible to argument; uncompromising; strict. [Collog., U.S.] Hardship Hard"ship (?), n. That which is hard to hear, as toil, privation, injury, injustice, etc. Swift. Hardspun Hard"spun`, a. Firmly twisted in spinning. Hard-tack Hard"-tack` (?), n. A name given by soldiers and sailors to a kind of hard biscuit or sea bread. Hardtail Hard"tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Jurel. Hard-visaged Hard"-vis`aged (?), a. Of a harsh or stern countenance; hard-featured. Burke. Hardware Hard"ware` (?), n. Ware made of metal, as cutlery, kitchen utensils, and the like; ironmongery. Hardwareman Hard"ware`man (?), n.; pl. Hardwaremen (. One who makes, or deals in, hardware. Hardy Har"dy (?), a. [Compar. Hardier (?); superl. Hardiest.] [F.hardi, p. p. fr. OF. hardir to make bold; of German origin, cf. OHG. hertan to harden, G. h\'84rten. See Hard, a.] 1. Bold; brave; stout; daring; resolu?e; intrepid. Hap helpeth hardy man alway. Chaucer. 2. Confident; full of assurance; in a bad sense, morally hardened; shameless. 3. Strong; firm; compact. [A] blast may shake in pieces his hardy fabric. South. 4. Inured to fatigue or hardships; strong; capable of endurance; as, a hardy veteran; a hardy mariner. 5. Able to withstand the cold of winter. NOTE: &hand; Pl ants wh ich are hardy in Virginia may perish in New England. Half-hardy plants are those which are able to withstand mild winters or moderate frosts. Hardy Har"dy, n. A blacksmith's fuller or chisel, having a square shank for insertion into a square hole in an anvil, called the hardy hole. Hare Hare (?), v. t. [Cf. Harry, Harass.] To excite; to tease, or worry; to harry. [Obs.] Locke. Hare Hare, n. [AS. hara; akin to D. haas, G. hase, OHG. haso, Dan. \'91 Sw. hare, Icel. h, Skr. . 1. (Zo\'94l.) A rodent of the genus Lepus, having long hind legs, a short tail, and a divided upper lip. It is a timid animal, moves swiftly by leaps, and is remarkable for its fecundity. NOTE: &hand; The species of hares are numerous. The common European hare is Lepustimidus. The northern or varying hare of America (L. Americanus), and the prairie hare (L. campestris), turn white in winter. In America, the various species of hares are commonly called rabbits. 2. (Astron.) A small constellation situated south of and under the foot of Orion; Lepus. Hare and hounds, a game played by men and boys, two, called hares, having a few minutes' start, and scattering bits of paper to indicate their course, being chased by the others, called the hounds, through a wide circuit. -- Hare kangaroo (Zo\'94l.)., a small Australian kangaroo (Lagorchestes Leporoides), resembling the hare in size and color, -- Hare's lettuce (Bot.), a plant of the genus Sonchus, or sow thistle; -- so called because hares are said to eat it when fainting with heat. Dr. Prior. -- Jumping hare. (Zo\'94l.) See under Jumping. -- Little chief hare, OR Crying hare. (Zo\'94l.) See Chief hare. -- Sea hare. (Zo\'94l.) See Aplysia. Harebell Hare"bell` (?), n. (Bot.) A small, slender, branching plant (Campanula rotundifolia), having blue bell-shaped flowers; also, Scilla nutans, which has similar flowers; -- called also bluebell. [Written also hairbell.] E'en the light harebell raised its head. Sir W. Scott . _________________________________________________________________ Page 671 Hare'brained' Hare"'brained`' (?), a. Wild; giddy; volatile; heedless. "A mad hare-brained fellow." North (Plutarch). [Written also hairbrained.] Harefoot Hare"foot` (?), n. 1. (Zo\'94l.) A long, narrow foot, carried (that is, produced or extending) forward; -- said of dogs. 2. (Bot) A tree (Ochroma Laqopus) of the West Indies, having the stamens united somewhat in the form of a hare's foot. Harefoot clover (Bot.), a species of clover (Trifolium arvense) with soft and silky heads. Hare-hearted Hare"-heart`ed (?), a. Timorous; timid; easily frightened. Ainsworth. Harehound Hare"hound` (?), n. See Harrier. A. Chalmers. Hareld Har"eld (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The long-tailed duck. See Old Squaw. Harelip Hare"lip` (?), n. A lip, commonly the upper one, having a fissure of perpendicular division like that of a hare. -- Hare"lipped` (#), a. Harem Ha"rem (?), n.[Ar.haram, orig., anything forbidden of sacred, fr. harama to forbid, prohibit.] [Written also haram and hareem.] 1. The apartments or portion of the house allotted to females in Mohammedan families. 2. The family of wives and concubines belonging to one man, in Mohammedan countries; a seraglio. Harengiform Ha*ren"gi*form (?), a. [F. hareng herring (LL.harengus) + -form.] Herring-shaped. Hare's-ear Hare's"-ear` (?), n. (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant (Bupleurum rotundifolium ); -- so named from the shape of its leaves. Dr. Prior. Hare's-foot fern Hare's"-foot` fern` (?). (Bot.) A species of fern (Davallia Canariensis) with a soft, gray, hairy rootstock; -- whence the name. Hare's-tail Hare's"-tail` (-t&amac;l`), n. (Bot.) A kind of grass (Eriophorum vaginatum). See Cotton grass, under Cotton. Hare's-tail grass (Bot.), a species of grass (Lagurus ovatus) whose head resembles a hare's tail. Harfang Har"fang (?), n. [See Hare, n., and Fang.] (Zo\'94l.) The snowy owl. Hariali grass Ha`ri*a"li grass` (?). (Bot.) The East Indian name of the Cynodon Dactylon; dog's-grass. Haricot Har"i*cot (?), n. [F.] 1. A ragout or stew of meat with beans and other vegetables. 2. The ripe seeds, or the unripe pod, of the common string bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), used as a vegetable. Other species of the same genus furnish different kinds of haricots. Harier Har"i*er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Harrier. Harikari Ha"ri*ka`ri (?), n. See Hara-kiri. Harioiation Har`i*o*ia"tion (?), n. [See Ariolation.] Prognostication; soothsaying. [Obs.] Cockeram. Harish Har"ish (?), a. Like a hare. [R.] Huloet. Hark Hark (?), v. i. [OE. herken. See Hearken.] To listen; to hearken. [Now rare, except in the imperative form used as an interjection, Hark! listen.] Hudibras. Hark away! Hark back! Hark forward! (Sporting), cries used to incite and guide hounds in hunting. -- To hark back, to go back for a fresh start, as when one has wandered from his direct course, or made a digression. He must have overshot the mark, and must hark back. Haggard. He harked back to the subject. W. E. Norris. Harken Hark"en (?), v. t. & i. To hearken. Tennyson. Harl Harl (?), n. [Cf. OHG. harluf noose, rope; E. hards refuse of flax.] 1. A filamentous substance; especially, the filaments of flax or hemp. 2. A barb, or barbs, of a fine large feather, as of a peacock or ostrich, -- used in dressing artificial flies. [Written also herl.] Harle Harle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The red-breasted merganser. Harlech group Har"lech group` (?). [ So called from Harlech in Wales.] (Geol.) A minor subdivision at the base of the Cambrian system in Wales. Harlequin Har"le*quin (?), n. [F. arlequin,formerly written also harlequin (cf. It, arlecchino), prob. fr. OF. hierlekin, hellequin, goblin, elf, which is prob. of German or Dutch origin; cf. D. hel hell. Cf. Hell, Kin.] A buffoon, dressed in party-colored clothes, who plays tricks, often without speaking, to divert the bystanders or an audience; a merry-andrew; originally, a droll rogue of Italian comedy. Percy Smith. As dumb harlequin is exhibited in our theaters. Johnson. Harlequin bat (Zo\'94l.), an Indian bat (Scotophilus ornatus), curiously variegated with white spots. -- Harlequin beetle (Zo\'94l.), a very large South American beetle (Acrocinus longimanus) having very long legs and antenn\'91. The elytra are curiously marked with red, black, and gray. -- Harlequin cabbage bug. (Zo\'94l.) See Calicoback. -- Harlequin caterpillar. (Zo\'94l.), the larva of an American bombycid moth (Euch\'91tes egle) which is covered with black, white, yellow, and orange tufts of hair. -- Harlequin duck (Zo\'94l.), a North American duck (Histrionicus histrionicus). The male is dark ash, curiously streaked with white. -- Harlequin moth. (Zo\'94l.) See Magpie Moth. -- Harlequin opal. See Opal. -- Harlequin snake (Zo\'94l.), a small, poisonous snake (Elaps fulvius), ringed with red and black, found in the Southern United States. Harlequin Har"le*quin (?), n. i. To play the droll; to make sport by playing ludicrous tricks. Harlequin Har"le*quin, v. t. Toremove or conjure away, as by a harlequin's trick. And kitten,if the humor hit Has harlequined away the fit. M. Green. Harlequinade Har"le*quin*ade` (?), n. [F. arleguinade.] A play or part of play in which the harlequin is conspicuous; the part of a harlequin. Macaulay. Harlock Har"lock (?), n. Probably a corruption either of charlock or hardock. Drayton. Harlot Har"lot (?), n. [OE.harlot, herlot, a vagabond, OF. harlot, herlot, arlot; cf. Pr. arlot, Sp. arlote, It. arlotto; of uncertain origin.] 1. A churl; a common man; a person, male or female, of low birth. [Obs.] He was a gentle harlot and a kind. Chaucer. 2. A person given to low conduct; a rogue; a cheat; a rascal. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3. A woman who prostitutes her body for hire; a prostitute; a common woman; a strumpet. Harlot Har"lot, a. Wanton; lewd; low; base. Shak. Harlot Har"lot, v. i. To play the harlot; to practice lewdness. Milton. Harlotize Har"lot*ize (?), v. i. To harlot. [Obs.] Warner. Harlotry Har"lot*ry (?), n. 1. Ribaldry; buffoonery; a ribald story. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Chaucer. 2. The trade or practice of prostitution; habitual or customary lewdness. Dryden. 3. Anything meretricious; as, harlotry in art. 4. A harlot; a strumpet; a baggage. [Obs.] He sups to-night with a harlotry. Shak. Harm Harm (?), n. [OE.harm, hearm, AS.hearm; akin to OS. harm, G. harm grief, Icel. harmr, Dan. harme, Sw. harm; cf. OSlav. & Russ. sram' shame, Skr. crama toil, fatigue.] 1. Injury; hurt; damage; detriment; misfortune. 2. That which causes injury, damage, or loss. We, ignorant of ourselves, Beg often our own harms. Shak. Syn. -- Mischief; evil; loss; injury. See Mischief. Harm Harm, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Harming.] [OE. harmen, AS. hearmian. See Harm, n.] To hurt; to injure; to damage; to wrong. Though yet he never harmed me. Shak. No ground of enmity between us known Why he should mean me ill or seek to harm. Milton. Harmaline Har"ma*line (?), n. [Cf. F. harmaline See Harmel.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in the plant Peganum harmala. It forms bitter, yellow salts. Harmattan Har*mat"tan (?), n. [F. harmattan, prob. of Arabic origin.] A dry, hot wind, prevailing on the Atlantic coast of Africa, in December, January, and February, blowing from the interior or Sahara. It is usually accompanied by a haze which obscures the sun. Harmel Har"mel (?), n. [Ar. harmal.] (Bot.) A kind of rue (Ruta sylvestris) growing in India. At Lahore the seeds are used medicinally and for fumigation. Harmful Harm"ful (?), a. Full of harm; injurious; hurtful; mischievous. " Most harmful hazards." Strype. --Harm"ful*ly, adv. -- Harm"ful*ness, n. Harmine Har"mine (?), n.[See Harmaline.] (Chem.) An alkaloid accompanying harmaline (in the Peganum harmala), and obtained from it by oxidation. It is a white crystalline substance. Harmless Harm"less (?), a. 1. Free from harm; unhurt; as, to give bond to save another harmless. 2. Free from power or disposition to harm; innocent; inoffensive. " The harmless deer." Drayton Syn. -- Innocent; innoxious; innocuous; inoffensive; unoffending; unhurt; uninjured; unharmed. --Harm"less*ly, adv.- Harm"less*ness, n. Harmonic, Harmonical Har*mon"ic (?), Har*mon"ic*al (, a. [L. harmonicus, Gr. harmonique. See Harmony.] 1. Concordant; musical; consonant; as, harmonic sounds. Harmonic twang! of leather, horn, and brass. Pope. 2. (Mus.) Relating to harmony, -- as melodic relates to melody; harmonious; esp., relating to the accessory sounds or overtones which accompany the predominant and apparent single tone of any string or sonorous body. 3. (Math.) Having relations or properties bearing some resemblance to those of musical consonances; -- said of certain numbers, ratios, proportions, points, lines. motions, and the like. Harmonic interval (Mus.), the distance between two notes of a chord, or two consonant notes. -- Harmonical mean (Arith. & Alg.), certain relations of numbers and quantities, which bear an analogy to musical consonances. -- Harmonic motion, <-- reference to diagram of a circle with radius having point P on the circle, and a diameter with point A in the diameter. THe motion of point A, plotted over time, will describe a sine wave! -->the motion of the point A, of the foot of the perpendicular PA, when P moves uniformly in the circumference of a circle, and PA is drawn perpendicularly upon a fixed diameter of the circle. This is simple harmonic motion. The combinations, in any way, of two more simple harmonic motions, make other kinds of harmonic motion. The motion of the pendulum bob of a clock is approximately simple harmonic motion. -- Harmonic proportion. See under Proportion. -- Harmonic series OR progression. See under Progression. -- Spherical harmonic analysis, a mathematical method, sometimes referred to as that of Laplace's Coefficients, which has for its object the expression of an arbitrary, periodic function of two independent variables, in the proper form for a large class of physical problems, involving arbitrary data, over a spherical surface, and the deduction of solutions for every point of space. The functions employed in this method are called spherical harmonic functions. Thomson & Tait. -- Harmonic suture (Anat.), an articulation by simple apposition of comparatively smooth surfaces or edges, as between the two superior maxillary bones in man; -- called also harmonic, and harmony. -- Harmonic triad (Mus.), the chord of a note with its third and fifth; the common chord. Harmonic Har*mon"ic (?), n. (Mus.) A musical note produced by a number of vibrations which is a multiple of the number producing some other; an overtone. See Harmonics. Harmonica Har*mon"i*ca (?), n. [Fem. fr. L. harmonicus harmonic. See Harmonic, n. ] 1. A musical instrument, consisting of a series of hemispherical glasses which, by touching the edges with the dampened finger, give forth the tones.<-- NOTE: This is now called the "Glass harmonica". The modern hand instrument has reeds --> 2. A toy instrument of strips of glass or metal hung on two tapes, and struck with hammers. Har monically Har* mon"ic*al*ly (?), adv. 1. In an harmonical manner; harmoniously. 2. In respect to harmony, as distinguished from melody; as, a passage harmonically correct. 3. (Math.) In harmonical progression. Harmonicon Har*mon"i*con (?), n. A small, flat, wind instrument of music, in which the notes are produced by the vibration of free metallic reeds.<-- now called the harmonica. --> Harmonics Har*mon"ics (?), n. 1. The doctrine or science of musical sounds. 2. pl. (Mus.) Secondary and less distinct tones which accompany any principal, and apparently simple, tone, as the octave, the twelfth, the fifteenth, and the seventeenth. The name is also applied to the artificial tones produced by a string or column of air, when the impulse given to it suffices only to make a part of the string or column vibrate; overtones. Harmonious Har*mo"ni*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. harmonieux. See Harmony.] 1. Adapted to each other; having parts proportioned to each other; symmetrical. God hath made the intellectual world harmonious and beautiful without us. Locke. 2. Acting together to a common end; agreeing in action or feeling; living in peace and friendship; as, an harmonious family. 3. Vocally or musically concordant; agreeably consonant; symphonious. -- Har*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. -- Har*mo"ni*ous*ness, n. Harmoniphon Har*mon"i*phon (?), n. [Gr. (Mus.) An obsolete wind instrument with a keyboard, in which the sound, which resembled the oboe, was produced by the vibration of thin metallic plates, acted upon by blowing through a tube. Harmonist Har"mo*nist (?), n. [Cf. F. harmoniste.] 1. One who shows the agreement or harmony of corresponding passages of different authors, as of the four evangelists. 2. (Mus.) One who understands the principles of harmony or is skillful in applying them in composition; a musical composer. Harmonist, Harmonite Har"mo*nist, Har"mo*nite (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a religious sect, founded in W\'81rtemburg in the last century, composed of followers of George Rapp, a weaver. They had all their property in common. In 1803, a portion of this sect settled in Pennsylvania and called the village thus established, Harmony. Harmonium Har*mo"ni*um (?), n. [NL. See Harmony. ] A musical instrument, resembling a small organ and especially designed for church music, in which the tones are produced by forcing air by means of a bellows so as to cause the vibration of free metallic reeds. It is now made with one or two keyboards, and has pedals and stops. Harmonization Har`mo*ni*za"tion (?), n. The act of harmonizing. Harmonize Har"mo*nize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Harmonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Harmonizing (?).] [Cf. F. harmoniser. ] 1. To agree in action, adaptation, or effect on the mind; to agree in sense or purport; as, the parts of a mechanism harmonize. 2. To be in peace and friendship, as individuals, families, or public organizations. 3. To agree in vocal or musical effect; to form a concord; as, the tones harmonize perfectly. Harmonize Har"mo*nize, v. t. 1. To adjust in fit proportions; to cause to agree; to show the agreement of; to reconcile the apparent contradiction of. 2. (Mus.) To accompany with harmony; to provide with parts, as an air, or melody. Harmonizer Har"mo*ni`zer (?), n. One who harmonizes. Harmonometer Har`mo*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. meter: cf. F. harmonometre.] An instrument for measuring the harmonic relations of sounds. It is often a monochord furnished with movable bridges. Harmony Har"mo*ny (?), n.; pl. Harmonies (#). [ F.harmonic, L. harmonia, Gr. Article. ] 1. The just adaptation of parts to each other, in any system or combination of things, or in things, or things intended to form a connected whole; such an agreement between the different parts of a design or composition as to produce unity of effect; as, the harmony of the universe. 2. Concord or agreement in facts, opinions, manners, interests, etc.; good correspondence; peace and friendship; as, good citizens live in harmony. 3. A literary work which brings together or arranges systematically parallel passages of historians respecting the same events, and shows their agreement or consistency; as, a harmony of the Gospels. 4. (Mus.) (a) A succession of chords according to the rules of progression and modulation. (b) The science which treats of their construction and progression. Ten thousand harps, that tuned Angelic harmonies. Milton. 5. (Anat.) See Harmonic suture, under Harmonic. Close harmony, Dispersed harmony, etc. See under Close, Dispersed, etc. -- Harmony of the spheres. See Music of the spheres, under Music. Syn. -- Harmony, Melody. Harmony results from the concord of two or more strains or sounds which differ in pitch and quality. Melody denotes the pleasing alternation and variety of musical and measured sounds, as they succeed each other in a single verse or strain. _________________________________________________________________ Page 672 Harmost Har"most (?), n. [Gr. , fr. harmoste. See Harmony.] (Gr. Antiq.) A governor or prefect appointed by the Spartans in the cities subjugated by them. Harmotome Har"mo*tome (?), n. [Gr. harmotome.] (Min.) A hydrous silicate of alumina and baryta, occurring usually in white cruciform crystals; cross-stone. NOTE: &hand; A re lated mi neral, ca lled li me ha rmotome, an d Phillipsite, contains lime in place of baryta. Dana. Harness Har"ness (?), n. [OE. harneis, harnes, OF.harneis, F. harnais, harnois; of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. harnez old iron, armor, W. haiarn iron, Armor. houarn, Ir. iarann, Gael. iarunn. Gf. Iron.] 1. Originally, the complete dress, especially in a military sense, of a man or a horse; hence, in general, armor. At least we 'll die witch harness on our back. Shak. 2. The equipment of a draught or carriage horse, for drawing a wagon, coach, chaise, etc.; gear; tackling. 3. The part of a loom comprising the heddles, with their means of support and motion, by which the threads of the warp are alternately raised and depressed for the passage of the shuttle. To die in harness, to die with armor on; hence, colloquially, to die while actively engaged in work or duty. Harness Har"ness, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harnessed (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Harnessing.] [OE. harneisen; cf. F. harnacher, OF. harneschier.] 1. To dress in armor; to equip with armor for war, as a horseman; to array. Harnessed in rugged steel. Rowe. A gay dagger, Harnessed well and sharp as point of spear. Chaucer. 2. Fig.: To equip or furnish for defense. Dr. H. More. 3. To make ready for draught; to equip with harness, as a horse. Also used figuratively. Harnessed to some regular profession. J. C. Shairp. Harnessed antelope. (Zo\'94l.) See Guib. -- Harnessed moth (Zo\'94l.), an American bombycid moth (Arctia phalerata of Harris), having, on the fore wings, stripes and bands of buff on a black ground. Harness cask Har"ness cask` (?). (Naut.) A tub lashed to a vessel's deck and containing salted provisions for daily use; -- called also harness tub. W. C. Russell. Harnesser Har"ness*er (?), n. One who harnesses. Harns Harns (?), n. pl. [Akin to Icel.hjarni, Dan. hierne.] The brains. [Scot.] Harp Harp (?), n. [OE. harpe, AS. hearpe; akin to D. harp, G.harfe, OHG. harpha, Dan. harpe, Icel. & Sw. harpa.] 1. A musical instrument consisting of a triangular frame furnished with strings and sometimes with pedals, held upright, and played with the fingers. 2. (Astron.) A constellation; Lyra, or the Lyre. 3. A grain sieve. [Scot.] \'92olian harp. See under \'92olian. Harp seal (Zo\'94l.), an arctic seal (Phoca Gr\'d2nlandica). The adult males have a light-colored body, with a harp-shaped mark of black on each side, and the face and throat black. Called also saddler, and saddleback. The immature ones are called bluesides. -- Harp shell (Zo\'94l.), a beautiful marine gastropod shell of the genus Harpa, of several species, found in tropical seas. See Harpa. Harp Harp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Harped (?) p. pr. & vb. n. Harping.] [AS. hearpian. See Harp, n.] 1. To play on the harp. I heard the voice of harpers, harping with their harps. Rev. xiv. 2. 2. To dwell on or recur to a subject tediously or monotonously in speaking or in writing; to refer to something repeatedly or continually; -- usually with on or upon. "Harpings upon old themes." W. Irving. Harping on what I am, Not what he knew I was. Shak. To harp on one string, to dwell upon one subject with disagreeable or wearisome persistence. [Collog.] Harp Harp, v. t. To play on, as a harp; to play (a tune) on the harp; to develop or give expression to by skill and art; to sound forth as from a harp; to hit upon. Thou 'harped my fear aright. Shak. Harpa Har"pa (?), n. [L., harp.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine univalve shells; the harp shells; -- so called from the form of the shells, and their ornamental ribs. Harpagon Har"pa*gon (?), n [L. harpago, Gr. A grappling iron. [Obs.] Harper Harp"er (?), n. [AS. hearpere.] 1. A player on the harp; a minstrel. The murmuring pines and the hemlocks . . . Stand like harpers hoar, with beards that rest on their bosoms. Longfellow. 2. A brass coin bearing the emblem of a harp, -- formerly current in Ireland. B. Jonson. Harping Harp"ing (?), a. Pertaining to the harp; as, harping symphonies. Milton. Harping iron Harp"ing i`ron (?). [F.harper to grasp strongly. See Harpoon.] A harpoon. Evelyn. Harpings Harp"ings (?), n. pl. (Naut.) The fore parts of the wales, which encompass the bow of a vessel, and are fastened to the stem. [Written also harpins.] Totten. Harpist Harp"ist, n. [Gf. F. harpiste.] A player on the harp; a harper. W. Browne. Harpoon Har*poon" (?), n. [F. harpon, LL. harpo, perh. of Ger. origin, fr. the harp; cf. F. harper to take and grasp strongly, harpe a dog's claw, harpin boathook (the sense of hook coming from the shape of the harp); but cf. also Gr. harpy. Cf. Harp.] A spear or javelin used to strike and kill large fish, as whales; a harping iron. It consists of a long shank, with a broad, fiat, triangular head, sharpened at both edges, and is thrown by hand, or discharged from a gun. Harpoon fork, a kind of hayfork, consisting of bar with hinged barbs at one end a loop for a rope at the other end, used for lifting hay from the load by horse power. -- Harpoon gun, a gun used in the whale fishery for shooting the harpoon into a whale. Harpoon Har*poon", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harpooned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Harpooning.] To strike, catch, or kill with a harpoon. Harpooneer Har`poon*eer` (?), n. An harpooner. Grabb. Harpooner Har*poon`er (?), n. [Gf. F. harponneur.] One who throws the harpoon. Harpress Harp`ress (?), n. A female harper. [R.] Sir W. Scott. Harpsichon Harp"si*chon (?), n. A harpsichord. [Obs.] Harpsichord Harp"si*chord (?), n. [OF. harpechorde, in which the harpe is of German origin. See Harp, and Chord.] (Mus.) A harp-shaped instrument of music set horizontally on legs, like the grand piano, with strings of wire, played by the fingers, by means of keys provided with quills, instead of hammers, for striking the strings. It is now superseded by the piano. Harpy Har"py (?), n.; pl. Harpies (#). [F. harpie, L. harpyia, Gr. Rapacious.] 1. (Gr. Myth.) A fabulous winged monster, ravenous and filthy, having the face of a woman and the body of a vulture, with long claws, and the face pale with hunger. Some writers mention two, others three. Both table and provisions vanished guite. With sound of harpies' wings and talons heard. Milton. 2. One who is rapacious or ravenous; an extortioner. The harpies about all pocket the pool. Goldsmith. 3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European moor buzzard or marsh harrier (Circus \'91ruginosus). (b) A large and powerful, double-crested, short-winged American eagle (Thrasa\'89tus harpyia). It ranges from Texas to Brazil. Harpy bat (Zo\'94l.) (a) An East Indian fruit bat of the genus Harpyia (esp. H. cerphalotes), having prominent, tubular nostrils. (b) A small, insectivorous Indian bat (Harpiocephalus harpia). Harpy fly (Zo\'94l.), the house fly. Harquebus, Harquebuse Har"que*bus, Har"que*buse (?), n. [See Arquebus.] A firearm with match holder, trigger, and tumbler, made in the second half of the 15th century. the barrel was about forty inches long. A form of the harquebus was subsequently called arquebus with matchlock. Harrage Har"rage (?) v. t.. [See Harry.] To harass; to plunder from. [Obs.] Fuller. Harre Har"re (?), n. [OE., fr. AS. heorr, hior.] A hinge. [Obs.] Chaucer. Harridan Har"ri*dan (?), n. [F. haridelle a worn-out horse, jade.] A worn-out strumpet; a vixenish woman; a hag. Such a weak, watery, wicked old harridan, substituted for the pretty creature I had been used to see. De Quincey. Harrier Har"ri*er (?), n. [From Hare, n.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a small breed of hounds, used for hunting hares. [Written also harier.] Harrier Har"ri*er, n. [From Harry.] 1. One who harries. 2. (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of hawks or buzzards of the genus Circus which fly low and harry small animals or birds, -- as the European marsh harrier (Circus \'91runginosus), and the hen harrier (C. cyaneus). Harrier hawk(Micrastur. Harrow Har"row (?), n. [OE. harowe, harwe, AS. hearge; cf. D. hark rake, G. harke, Icel. herfi harrow, Dan. harve, Sw. harf. 1. An implement of agriculture, usually formed of pieces of timber or metal crossing each other, and set with iron or wooden teeth. It is drawn over plowed land to level it and break the clods, to stir the soil and make it fine, or to cover seed when sown. 2. (Mil.) An obstacle formed by turning an ordinary harrow upside down, the frame being buried. Bush harrow, a kind of light harrow made of bushes, for harrowing grass lands and covering seeds, or to finish the work of a toothed harrow. -- Drill harrow. See under 6th Drill. -- Under the harrow, subjected to actual torture with a toothed instrument, or to great affliction or oppression. Harrow Har"row, v. t.. [imp. & p. p. Harrowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Harrowing.] [OE. harowen, harwen; cf. Dan. harve. See Harrow, n.] 1. To draw a harrow over, as for the purpose of breaking clods and leveling the surface, or for covering seed; as, to harrow land. Will he harrow the valleys after thee? Job xxxix. 10. 2. To break or tear, as with a harrow; to wound; to lacerate; to torment or distress; to vex. My aged muscles harrowed up with whips. Rowe. I could a tale unfold, whose lightest word Would harrow up thy soul. Shak. Harrow Har"row, interj. [OF. harau, haro; fr. OHG. hara, hera, herot, or fr. OS. herod hither, akin to E. here.] Help! Halloo! An exclamation of distress; a call for succor;-the ancient Norman hue and cry. "Harrow and well away!" Spenser. Harrow! alas! here lies my fellow slain. Chaucer. Harrow Har"row, v. t.. [See Harry.] To pillage; to harry; to oppress. [Obs.] Spenser. Meaning thereby to harrow his people. Bacon Harrower Har"row*er (?), n. One who harrows. Harrower Har"row*er, n. One who harries. [Obs.] Harry Har"ry (?), v. t.. [imp. & p. p. Harried( ?); p. pr. & vb. n. Harrying.] [OF. harwen, herien, her, AS. hergisn to act as an army, to ravage, plunder, fr. here army; akin to G. here army; akin to G. heer, Icel. herr, Goth. harjis, and Lith. karas war. Gf. Harbor, Herald, Heriot.] 1. To strip; to lay waste; as, the Northmen came several times and harried the land. To harry this beautiful region. W. Irving. A red squirrel had harried the nest of a wood thrush. J. Burroughs. 2. To agitate; to worry; to harrow; to harass. Shak. Syn. -- To ravage; plunder; pillage; lay waste; vex; tease; worry; annoy; harass. Harry Har"ry, v. i.. To make a predatory incursion; to plunder or lay waste. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Harsh Harsh (?), a. [Compar. Harsher (?); superl. Harshest.] [OE. harsk; akin to G. harsch, Dan. harsk rancid, Sw. h\'84rsk; from the same source as E. hard. See Hard, a.] 1. Rough; disagreeable; grating; esp.:(a) To the touch."Harsh sand." Boyle. (b) To the taste. "Berries harsh and crude." Milton. (c) To the ear. "Harsh din." Milton. 2. Unpleasant and repulsive to the sensibilities; austere; crabbed; morose; abusive; abusive; severe; rough. Clarence is so harsh, so blunt. Shak. Though harsh the precept, yet the charmed. Dryden. 3. (Painting, Drawing, etc.) Having violent contrasts of color, or of light and shade; lacking in harmony. Harshly Harsh"ly, adv. In a harsh manner; gratingly; roughly; rudely. 'T will sound harshly in her ears. Shak. Harshness Harsh"ness, n. The quality or state of being harsh. O, she is Ten times more gentle than her father 's crabbed, And he's composed of harshness. Shak. 'Tis not enough no harshness gives offense, The sound must seem an echo to the sense. Pope. Syn. -- Acrimony; roughness; sternness; asperity; tartness. See Acrimony. Harslet Hars"let (?), n. See Haslet. Hart Hart (?), n. [OE.hart, hert, heort, AS. heort, heorot; akin to D. hert, OHG. hiruz, hirz, G. hirsch, Icel. hj\'94rtr, Dan. & Sw. hjort, L. cervus, and prob. to Gr.Horn.] (Zo\'94l.) A stag; the male of the red deer. See the Note under Buck. Goodliest of all the forest, hart and hind. Milton. Hartbeest Hart"beest` (?), n. [D. hertebeest. See Hart, and Beast.] (Zo\'94l.) A large South African antelope (Alcelaphus caama), formerly much more abundant than it is now. The face and legs are marked with black, the rump with white. [Written also hartebeest, and hartebest.] Harten Hart"en (?), v. t. To hearten; to encourage; to incite. [Obs.] Spenser. Hartford Hart"ford (?), n. The Hartford grape, a variety of grape first raised at Hartford, Connecticut, from the Northern fox grape. Its large dark-colored berries ripen earlier than those of most other kinds. Harts clover Hart"s` clo`ver (?). (Bot.) Melilot or sweet clover. See Melilot. Hart's-ear Hart's`-ear` (?), n. (Bot.) An Asiatic species of Cacalia (C. Kleinia), used medicinally in India. Hartshorn Harts"horn` (?), n. 1. The horn or antler of the hart, or male red deer. 2. Spirits of hartshorn (see below); volatile salts. Hartshorn plantain (Bot.), an annual species of plantain (Plantago Coronopus); -- called also duck's-horn. Booth. -- Hartshorn shavings, originally taken from the horns of harts, are now obtained chiefly by planing down the bones of calves. They afford a kind of jelly. Hebert. -- Salt of hartshorn (Chem.), an impure solid carbonate of ammonia, obtained by the destructive distillation of hartshorn, or any kind of bone; volatile salts. Brande & C.-- Spirits of hartshorn (Chem.), a solution of ammonia in water; -- so called because formerly obtained from hartshorn shavings by destructive distillation. Similar ammoniacal solutions from other sources have received the same name. _________________________________________________________________ Page 673 Hart-tongue Hart"-tongue` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A common British fern (Scolopendrium vulgare), rare in America. (b) A West Indian fern, the Polypodium Phyllitidis of Linn\'91us. It is also found in Florida. Hartwort Hart"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A coarse umbelliferous plant of Europe (Tordylium maximum). NOTE: &hand; The name is often vaguely given to other plants of the same order, as species of Seseli and Bupleurum. Harum-scarum Har"um-scar"um (?), a. [Cf. hare,v. t., and scare, v. t.] Wild; giddy; flighty; rash; thoughtless. [Colloq.] They had a quarrel with Sir Thomas Newcome's own son, a harum-scarum lad. Thackeray. Haruspication Ha*rus`pi*ca"tion (?), n. See Haruspicy. Tylor. Haruspice Ha*rus"pice (?), n. [F., fr. L. haruspex.] A diviner of ancient Rome. Same as Aruspice. Haruspicy Ha*rus"pi*cy (?), n. The art or practices of haruspices. See Aruspicy. Harvest Har"vest (?), n. [OE. harvest, hervest, AS. h\'91rfest autumn; akin to LG. harfst, D. herfst, OHG. herbist, G. herbst, and prob. to L. carpere to pluck, Gr. Carpet.] 1. The gathering of a crop of any kind; the ingathering of the crops; also, the season of gathering grain and fruits, late summer or early autumn. Seedtime and harvest . . . shall not cease. Gen viii. 22. At harvest, when corn is ripe. Tyndale. 2. That which is reaped or ready to be reaped or gath Put ye in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe. Joel iii. 13. To glean the broken ears after the man That the main harvest reaps. Shak. 3. The product or result of any exertion or labor; gain; reward. The pope's principal harvest was in the jubilee. Fuller. The harvest of a quiet eye. Wordsworth. Harvest fish (Zo\'94l.), a marine fish of the Southern United States (Stromateus alepidotus); -- called whiting in Virginia. Also applied to the dollar fish. -- Harvest fly (Zo\'94l.), an hemipterous insect of the genus Cicada, often called locust. See Cicada. -- Harvest lord, the head reaper at a harvest. [Obs.] Tusser. -- Harvest mite (Zo\'94l.), a minute European mite (Leptus autumnalis), of a bright crimson color, which is troublesome by penetrating the skin of man and domestic animals; -- called also harvest louse, and harvest bug. -- Harvest moon, the moon near the full at the time of harvest in England, or about the autumnal equinox, when, by reason of the small angle that is made by the moon's orbit with the horizon, it rises nearly at the same hour for several days. -- Harvest mouse (Zo\'94l.), a very small European field mouse (Mus minutus). It builds a globular nest on the stems of wheat and other plants. -- Harvest queen, an image pepresenting Ceres, formerly carried about on the last day of harvest. Milton. -- Harvest spider. (Zo\'94l.) See Daddy longlegs. Harvest Har"vest, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harvested; p. pr. & vb. n. Harvesting.] To reap or gather, as any crop. Harvester Har"vest*er (?), n. 1. One who harvests; a machine for cutting and gathering grain; a reaper. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A harvesting ant. Harvest-home Har"vest-home" (?), n. 1. The gathering and bringing home of the harvest; the time of harvest. Showed like a stubble land at harvest-home. Shak. 2. The song sung by reapers at the feast made at the close of the harvest; the feast itself. Dryden. 3. A service of thanksgiving, at harvest time, in the Church of England and in the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States. 4. The opportunity of gathering treasure. Shak. Harvest-ing Har"vest-ing, a. & n., from Harvest, v. t. Harvesting ant (Zo\'94l.), any species of ant which gathers and stores up seeds for food. Many species are known. NOTE: &hand; The species found in Southern Europe and Palestine are Aphenogaster structor and A. barbara; that of Texas, called agricultural ant, is Pogonomyrmex barbatus or Myrmica molifaciens; that of Florida is P. crudelis. See Agricultural ant, under Agricultural. Harvestless Har"vest*less, a. Without harvest; lacking in crops; barren. "Harvestless autumns." Tennyson. Harvestman Har"vest*man (?), n.; pl. Harvestmen (. /def> 1. A man engaged in harvesting. Shak. 2. (Zo\'94l.) See Daddy longlegs, 1. Harvestry Har"vest*ry (?), n. The act of harvesting; also, that which is harvested. Swinburne. Hary Har"y (?), v. t. [Cf. OF. harier to harass, or E. harry, v. t.] To draw; to drag; to carry off by vio [Obs.] Chaucer. Has Has (?), 3d pers. sing. pres. of Have. Hasard Has"ard (?), n. Hazard. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hase Hase (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Haze, v. t. Hash Hash (?), n. [Formerly hachey, hachee, F. hachis, hacher to hash; of German origin; cf. G. hippe sickle, OHG. hippa, for happia. Cf. Hatchet.] 1. That which is hashed or chopped up; meat and vegetables, especially such as have been already cooked, chopped into small pieces and mixed. 2. A new mixture of old matter; a second preparation or exhibition. I can not bear elections, and still less the hash of them over again in a first session. Walpole. Hash Hash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hashing.] [From Hash, n.: cf. F. hacher to hash.] To as, to hash meat. Hudibras. Hasheesh, Hashish Hash"eesh, Hash"ish (?), n. [Ar. hash\'c6sh.] A slightly acrid gum resin produced by the common hemp (Cannabis saltiva), of the variety Indica, when cultivated in a warm climate; also, the tops of the plant, from which the resinous product is obtained. It is narcotic, and has long been used in the East for its intoxicating effect. See Bhang, and Ganja. Hask Hask (?), n. [See Hassock.] A basket made of rushes or flags, as for carrying fish. [Obs.] Spenser. Haslet Has"let (?), n. [F. h\'83telettes broil, for hastelettes, fr. F. haste spit; cf. L. hasta spear, and also OHG. harst gridiron.] The edible viscera, as the heart, liver, etc., of a beast, esp. of a hog. [Written also harslet.] Hasp Hasp (?), n. [OE. hasp, hesp, AS. h\'91pse; akin to G. haspe, h\'84spe, Sw. & Dan. haspe, Icel. hespa.] 1. A clasp, especially a metal strap permanently fast at one end to a staple or pin, while the other passes over a staple, and is fastened by a padlock or a pin; also, a metallic hook for fastening a door. 2. A spindle to wind yarn, thread, or silk on. 3. An instrument for cutting the surface of grass land; a scarifier. Hasp Hasp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hasped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hasping.] [AS. h\'91psian.] To shut or fasten with a hasp. Hassock Has"sock (?), n. [Scot. hassock, hassik, a besom, anything bushy, a large, round turf used as a seat, OE. hassok sedgy ground, W. hesgog sedgy, hesg sedge, rushes; cf. Ir. seisg, and E. sedge.] 1. A rank tuft of bog grass; a tussock. Forby. 2. A small stuffed cushion or footstool, for kneeling on in church, or for home use. And knees and hassocks are well nigh divorced. Cowper. Hast Hast (?), 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest. [Archaic] Hastate, Hastated Has"tate (?), Has"ta*ted, a. [L. hastatus, fr. hasta spear. Cf. Gad, n.] Shaped like the head of a halberd; triangular, with the basal angles or lobes spreading; as, a hastate leaf. Haste Haste (?), n. [OE. hast; akin to D. haast, G., Dan., Sw., & OFries. hast, cf. OF. haste, F. h\'83te (of German origin); all perh. fr. the root of E. hate in a earlier sense of, to pursue. See Hate.] 1. Celerity of motion; speed; swiftness; dispatch; expedition; -- applied only to voluntary beings, as men and other animals. The king's business required haste. 1 Sam. xxi. 8. 2. The state of being urged or pressed by business; hurry; urgency; sudden excitement of feeling or passion; precipitance; vehemence. I said in my haste, All men are liars. Ps. cxvi. 11. To make haste, to hasten. Syn. -- Speed; quickness; nimbleness; swiftness; expedition; dispatch; hurry; precipitance; vehemence; precipitation. -- Haste, Hurry, Speed, Dispatch. Haste denotes quickness of action and a strong desire for getting on; hurry includes a confusion and want of collected thought not implied in haste; speed denotes the actual progress which is made; dispatch, the promptitude and rapidity with which things are done. A man may properly be in haste, but never in a hurry. Speed usually secures dispatch. Haste Haste, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Hasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hasting.] [OE. hasten; akin to G. hasten, D. haasten, Dan. haste, Sw. hasta, OF. haster, F. h\'83ter. See Haste, n.] To hasten; to hurry. [Archaic] I 'll haste the writer. Shak. They were troubled and hasted away. Ps. xlviii. 5. Hasten Has"ten (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hastened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hastening (?).] To press; to drive or urge forward; to push on; to precipitate; to accelerate the movement of; to expedite; to hurry. I would hasten my escape from the windy storm. Ps. lv. 8. Hasten Has"ten, v. i. To move celerity; to be rapid in motion; to act speedily or quickly; to go quickly. I hastened to the spot whence the noise came. D Hastener Has"ten*er (?), n. 1. One who hastens. 2. That which hastens; especially, a stand or reflector used for confining the heat of the fire to meat while roasting before it. Hastif Has"tif (?), a. [OF. See Hastive.] Hasty. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Has"tif*ly, adv. [Obs.] Hastile Has"tile (?), a. [L. hasta a spear.] (Bot.) Same as Hastate. Gray. Hastily Has"ti*ly (?), adv. [From Hasty.] 1. In haste; with speed or quickness; speedily; nimbly. 2. Without due reflection; precipitately; rashly. We hastily engaged in the war. Swift. 3. Passionately; impatiently. Shak. Hastiness Has"ti*ness, n. The quality or state of being hasty; haste; precipitation; rashness; quickness of temper. Hastings Has"tings (?), n. pl. [From Haste, v.] Early fruit or vegetables; especially, early pease. Mortimer. Hastings sands Has"tings sands" (?). (Geol.) The lower group of the Wealden formation; -- so called from its development around Hastings, in Sussex, England. Hastive Has"tive (?), a. [OF. hastif. See Haste, n., and cf. Hastif.] Forward; early; -- said of fruits. [Obs.] Hasty Has"ty (?), a. [Compar. Hastier (?); superl. Hastiest.] [Akin to D. haastig, G., Sw., & Dan. hastig. See Haste, n.] 1. Involving haste; done, made, etc., in haste; as, a hasty sketch. 2. Demanding haste or immediate action. [R.] Chaucer. "Hasty employment." Shak. 3. Moving or acting with haste or in a hurry; hurrying; hence, acting without deliberation; precipitate; rash; easily excited; eager. 4. Made or reached without deliberation or due caution; as, a hasty conjecture, inference, conclusion, etc., a hasty resolution. 5. Proceeding from, or indicating, a quick temper. Take no unkindness of his hasty words. Shak 6. Forward; early; first ripe. [Obs.] "As the hasty fruit before the summer." Is. xxviii. 4. Hasty pudding Has"ty pud"ding (?). 1. A thick batter pudding made of Indian meal stirred into boiling water; mush. [U. S.] 2. A batter or pudding made of flour or oatmeal, stirred into boiling water or milk. [Eng.] Hat Hat (?), a. Hot. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hat Hat, sing. pres. of Hote to be called. Cf. Hatte. [Obs.] "That one hat abstinence." Piers Plowman. Hat Hat (?), n. [AS. h\'91t, h\'91tt; akin to Dan. hat, Sw. hatt, Icel. hattr a hat, h\'94ttr hood, D. hoed hat, G. hut, OHG. huot, and prob. to L. cassis helmet. Hood.] A covering for the head; esp., one with a crown and brim, made of various materials, and worn by men or women for protecting the head from the sun or weather, or for ornament. Hat block, a block on which hats are formed or dressed. -- To pass around the hat, to take up a collection of voluntary contributions, which are often received in a hat. [Collog.] Lowell. Hatable Hat"a*ble (?), a. [From Hate.] Capable of being, or deserving to be, hated; odious; detestable. Hatband Hat"band` (?), n. A band round the crown of a hat; sometimes, a band of black cloth, crape, etc., worn as a badge of mourning. Hatbox Hat"box` (?), n. A box for a hat. Hatch Hatch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hatched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hatching.] [F. hacher to chop, hack. See Hash.] 1. To cross with lines in a peculiar manneHatching. Shall win this sword, silvered and hatched. Chapman. Those hatching strokes of the pencil. Dryden. 2. To cross; to spot; to stain; to steep. [Obs.] His weapon hatched in blood. Beau. & Fl. Hatch Hatch, v. t. [OE. hacchen, hetchen; akin to G. hecken, Dan. hekke; cf. MHG. hagen bull; perh. akin to E. hatch a half door, and orig. meaning, to produce under a hatch. 1. To produce, as young, from an egg or eggs by incubation, or by artificial heat; to produce young from (eggs); as, the young when hatched. Paley. As the partridge sitteth on eggs, and hatcheth them not. Jer. xvii. 11. For the hens do not sit upon the eggs; but by keeping them in a certain equal heat they [the husbandmen] bring life into them and hatch them. Robynson (More's Utopia). 2. To contrive or plot; to form by meditation, and bring into being; to originate and produce; to concoct; as, to hatch mischief; to hatch heresy. Hooker. Fancies hatched In silken-folded idleness. Tennyson. Hatch Hatch, v. i. To produce young; -- said of eggs; to come forth from the egg; -- said of the young of birds, fishes, insects, etc. Hatch Hatch, n. 1. The act of hatching. 2. Development; disclosure; discovery. Shak. 3. The chickens produced at once or by one incubation; a brood. Hatch Hatch, n. [OE. hacche, AS. h\'91c, cf. haca the bar of a door, D. hek gate, Sw. h\'84ck coop, rack, Dan. hekke manger, rack. Prob. akin to E. hook, and first used of something made of pieces fastened together. Cf. Heck, Hack a frame.] 1. A door with an opening over it; a half door, sometimes set with spikes on the upper edge. In at the window, or else o'er the hatch. Shak. 2. A frame or weir in a river, for catching fish. 3. A flood gate; a a sluice gate. Ainsworth. 4. A bedstead. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. 5. An opening in the deck of a vessel or floor of a warehouse which serves as a passageway or hoistway; a hatchway; also; a cover or door, or one of the covers used in closing such an opening. 6. (Mining) An opening into, or in search of, a mine. Booby hatch, Buttery hatch, Companion hatch, etc. See under Booby, Buttery, etc. -- To batten down the hatches (Naut.), to lay tarpaulins over them, and secure them with battens. -- To be under hatches, to be confined below in a vessel; to be under arrest, or in slavery, distress, etc. Hatch Hatch, v. t. To close with a hatch or hatches. 'T were not amiss to keep our door hatched. Shak Hatch-boat Hatch"-boat` (?), n. (Naut.) A vessel whose deck consists almost wholly of movable hatches; -- used mostly in the fisheries. Hatchel Hatch"el (?; 277), n. [OE. hechele, hekele; akin to D. hekel, G. hechel, Dan. hegle, Sw. h\'84kla, and prob. to E. hook. See Hook, and cf. Hackle, Heckle.] An instrument with long iron teeth set in a board, for cleansing flax or hemp from the tow, hards, or coarse part; a kind of large comb; -- called also hackle and heckle. Hatchel Hatch"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hatcheled or Hatchelled (; p. pr. & vb. n. Hatcheling or Hatchelling.] [OE. hechelen, hekelen; akin to D. hekelen, G. hecheln, Dan. hegle, Sw. h\'84kla. See Hatchel, n.] 1. To draw through the teeth of a hatchel, as flax or hemp, so as to separate the coarse and refuse parts from the fine, fibrous parts. 2. To tease; to worry; to torment. [Colloq.] Hatcheler Hatch"el*er (?), n. One who uses a hatchel. Hatcher Hatch"er (?), n. 1. One who hatches, or that which hatches; a hatching apparatus; an incubator. 2. One who contrives or originates; a plotter. A great hatcher and breeder of business. Swift. Hatchery Hatch"er*y (?), n. A house for hatching fish, etc. Hatchet Hatch"et (?), n. [F. hachette, dim. of hache Hatch, Hash.] 1. A small ax with a short handle, to be used with one hand. 2. Specifically, a tomahawk. Buried was the bloody hatchet. Longfellow. _________________________________________________________________ Page 674 Hatchet face, a thin, sharp face, like the edge of a hatchet; hence: Hatchet-faced, sharp-visaged. Dryden. -- To bury the hatchet, to make peace or become reconciled. -- To take up the hatchet, to make or declare war. The last two phrases are derived from the practice of the American Indians. <-- Hatchet man Hatchet man 1. A person hired to murder or physically attack another; a hit man. 2. A person who deliberately tries to ruin the reputation of another, often unscrupulously, by slander or other malicious communication, often with political motive, and sometimes for pay. --> Hatchettine, Hatchettite Hatch"et*tine (?), Hatch"et*tite (?), n. [Named after the discoverer, Charles Hatchett.] (Min.) Mineral t Hatching Hatch"ing, n. [See 1st Hatch.] A mode of execution in engraving, drawing, and miniature painting, in which shading is produced by lines crossing each other at angles more or less acute; -- called also crosshatching. Hatchment Hatch"ment (?), n. [Corrupt. fr. achievement.] 1. (Her.) A sort of panel, upon which the arms of a deceased person are temporarily displayed, -- usually on the walls of his dwelling. It is lozenge-shaped or square, but is hung cornerwise. It is used in England as a means of giving public notification of the death of the deceased, his or her rank, whether married, widower, widow, etc. Called also achievement. His obscure funeral; No trophy, sword, or hatchment o'er his bones. Shak. 2. A sword or other mark of the profession of arms; in general, a mark of dignity. Let there be deducted, out of our main potation, Five marks in hatchments to adorn this thigh. Beau. & Fl. Hatchure Hatch"ure (?; 135), n. Same as Hachure. Hatchway Hatch"way` (?), n. A square or oblong opening in a deck or floor, affording passage from one deck or story to another; the entrance to a cellar. Hate Hate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hated; p. pr. & pr. & vb. n. Hating.] [OE. haten, hatien, AS. hatian; akin to OS. hatan, hat to be hostile to, D. haten to hate, OHG. hazz, hazz, G. hassen, Icel. & Sw. hata, Dan. hade, Goth. hatan, hatian. . Cf. Hate, n., Heinous.] 1. To have a great aversion to, with a strong desire that evil should befall the person toward whom the feeling is directed; to dislike intensely; to detest; as, to hate one's enemies; to hate hypocrisy. Whosoever hateth his brother is a murderer. 1 John iii. 15. 2. To be very unwilling; followed by an infinitive, or a substantive clause with that; as, to hate to get into debt; to hate that anything should be wasted. I hate that he should linger here. Tennyson. 3. (Script.) To love less, relatively. Luke xiv. 26. Syn. -- To Hate, Abhor, Detest, Abominate, Loathe. Hate is the generic word, and implies that one is inflamed with extreme dislike. We abhor what is deeply repugnant to our sensibilities or feelings. We detest what contradicts so utterly our principles and moral sentiments that we feel bound to lift up our voice against it. What we abominate does equal violence to our moral and religious sentiments. What we loathe is offensive to our own nature, and excites unmingled disgust. Our Savior is said to have hated the deeds of the Nicolaitanes; his language shows that he loathed the lukewarmness of the Laodiceans; he detested the hypocrisy of the scribes and Pharisees; he abhorred the suggestions of the tempter in the wilderness. Hate Hate, n. [OE. hate, hete, AS. hete; akin to D. haat, G. hass, Icel. hatr, SW. hat, Dan. had, Goth. hatis. Cf. Hate, v.] Strong aversion coupled with desire that evil should befall the person toward whom the feeling is directed; as exercised toward things, intense dislike; hatred; detestation; -- opposed to love. For in a wink the false love turns to hate. Tennyson. Hateful Hate"ful (?), a. 1. Manifesting hate or hatred; malignant; malevolent. [Archaic or R.] And worse than death, to view with hateful eyes His rival's conquest. Dryden. 2. Exciting or deserving great dislike, aversion, or disgust; odious. Unhappy, wretched, hateful day! Shak. Syn. -- Odious; detestable; abominable; execrable; loathsome; abhorrent; repugnant; malevolent. -- Hate"ful*ly, adv. -- Hate"ful*ness, n. Hatel Hat"el (?), a. Hateful; detestable. [Obs.] Hater Hat"er (?), n. One who hates. An enemy to God, and a hater of all good. Sir T. Browne. Hath Hath (?), 3d pers. sing. pres. of Have, contracted from haveth. Has. [Archaic.] Hatless Hat"less (?), a. Having no hat. Hatrack Hat"rack` (?), n. A hatstand; hattree. Hatred Ha"tred (?), n. [OE. hatred, hatreden. See Hate, and cf. Kindred.] Strong aversion; intense dislike; hate; an affection of the mind awakened by something regarded as evil. Syn. -- Odium; ill will; enmity; hate; animosity; malevolence; rancor; malignity; detestation; loathing; abhorrence; repugnance; antipathy. See Odium. Hatstand Hat"stand` (?), n. A stand of wood or iron, with hooks or pegs upon which to hang hats, etc. Hatte Hat`te (?), pres. & imp. sing. & pl. of Hote, to be called. See Hote. [Obs.] Chaucer. A full perilous place, purgatory it hatte. Piers Plowman. Hatted Hat"ted (?), a. Covered with a hat. Hatter Hat"ter (?), v. t. [Prov. E., to entangle; cf. LG. verhaddern, verheddern, verhiddern.] To tire or worry; -- out. [Obs.] Dryden. Hatter Hat"ter, n. One who makes or sells hats. Hatteria Hat*te"ri*a (?), n. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A New Zealand lizard, which, in anatomical character, differs widely from all other existing lizards. It is the only living representative of the order Rhynchocephala, of which many Mesozoic fossil species are known; -- called also Sphenodon, and Tuatera. Hatting Hat"ting (?), n. The business of making hats; also, stuff for hats. Hatti-sherif Hat"ti-sher`if (?), n. [Turk., fr. Ar. knatt a writing + sher\'c6f noble.] A irrevocable Turkish decree countersigned by the sultan. Hattree Hat"tree` (?), n. A hatstand. Haubergeon Hau*ber"ge*on (?), n. See Habergeon. Hauberk Hau"berk (?), n. [OF. hauberc, halberc, F.haubert, OHG. halsberc; hals neck + bergan to protect, G. bergen; akin to AS. healsbeorg, Icel. h\'belsbj\'94rg. See Collar, and Bury, v. t.] A coat of mail; especially, the long coat of mail of the European Middle Ages, as contrasted with the habergeon, which is shorter and sometimes sleeveless. By old writers it is often used synonymously with habergeon. See Habergeon. [Written variously hauberg, hauberque, hawberk, etc.] Chaucer. Helm, nor hawberk's twisted mail. Gray. Hauerite Hau"er*ite (?), n. [Named after Von Hauer, of Vienna.] (Min.) Native sulphide of manganese a reddish brown or brownish black mineral. Haugh Haugh (?), n. [See Haw a hedge.] A low-lying meadow by the side of a river. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] On a haugh or level plain, near to a royal borough. Sir W. Scott. Haught Haught (?), a. [See Haughty.] High; elevated; hence, haughty; proud. [Obs.] Shak. Haughtily Haugh"ti*ly (?), adv. [From Haughty.] In a haughty manner; arrogantly. Haughtiness Haugh"ti*ness, n. [For hauteinness. See Haughty.] The quality of being haughty; disdain; arrogance. Syn. -- Arrogance; disdain; contemptuousness; superciliousness; loftiness. -- Haughtiness, Arrogance, Disdain. Haughtiness denotes the expression of conscious and proud superiority; arrogance is a disposition to claim for one's self more than is justly due, and enforce it to the utmost; disdain in the exact reverse of condescension toward inferiors, since it expresses and desires others to feel how far below ourselves we consider them. A person is haughty in disposition and demeanor; arrogant in his claims of homage and deference; disdainful even in accepting the deference which his haughtiness leads him arrogantly to exact. Haughty Haugh"ty, a. [Compar. Haughtier (?); superl. Haughtiest.] [OE. hautein, F. hautain, fr. haut high, OF. also halt, fr. L. altus. See Altitude.] 1. High; lofty; bold. [Obs. or Archaic] To measure the most haughty mountain's height. Spenser. Equal unto this haughty enterprise. Spenser 2. Disdainfully or contemptuously proud; arrogant; overbearing. A woman of a haughty and imperious nature. Clarendon. 3. Indicating haughtiness; as, a haughty carriage. Satan, with vast and haughty strides advanced, Came towering. Milton. Haul Haul (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hauled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hauling.] [OE. halen, halien, F. geholian to acquire, get, D. halen to fetch, pull, draw, OHG. hol, hal, G. holen, Dan. hale to haul, Sw. hala, and to L. calare to call, summon, Gr. Hale, v. t., Claim. Class, Council, Ecclesiastic.] 1. To pull or draw with force; to drag. Some dance, some haul the rope. Denham. Thither they bent, and hauled their ships to land. Pope. Romp-loving miss Is hauled about in gallantry robust. Thomson. 2. To transport by drawing, as with horses or oxen; as, to haul logs to a sawmill. When I was seven or eight years of age, I began hauling all the wood used in the house and shops. U. S. Grant. To haul over the coals. See under Coal. -- To haul the wind (Naut.), to turn the head of the ship nearer to the point from which the wind blows. Haul Haul, v. i. 1. (Naut.) To change the direction of a ship by hauling the wind. See under Haul, v. t. I . . . hauled up for it, and found it to be an island. Cook. 2. To pull apart, as oxen sometimes do when yoked. To haul around (Naut.), to shift to any point of the compass; -- said of the wind. -- To haul off (Naut.), to sail closer to the wind, in order to get farther away from anything; hence, to withdraw; to draw back.<-- haul off (b), to get ready (usu. for violent action) -- used with "and" -- "hauled off and punched him on the nose" --> Haul Haul, n. 1. A pulling with force; a violent pull. 2. A single draught of a net; as, to catch a hundred fish at a haul. 3. That which is caught, taken, or gained at once, as by hauling a net. 4. Transportation by hauling; the distance through which anything is hauled, as freight in a railroad car; as, a long haul or short haul. 5. (Rope Making) A bundle of about four hundred threads, to be tarred. Haulage Haul"age (?), n. Act of hauling; as, the haulage of cars by an engine; charge for hauling. Hauler Haul"er (?), n. One who hauls. Haulm Haulm (, n. [OE. halm, AS. healm; akin to D., G., Dan., & Sw. halm, Icel. h\'belmr, L. calamus reed, cane, stalk, Gr. Excel, Culminate, Culm, Shawm, Calamus.] The denuded stems or stalks of such crops as buckwheat and the cereal grains, beans, etc.; straw. Haulm Haulm, n. A part of a harness; a hame. Hauls Hauls (?), n. [Obs.] See Hals. Haulse Haulse (?), v. [Obs.] See Halse. Hault Hault (?), a. [OF. hault, F. haut. See Haughty.] Lofty; haughty. [Obs.] Through support of countenance proud and hault. Spenser. Haum Haum (?), n. See Haulm, stalk. Smart. Haunce Haunce (?), v. t. To enhance. [Obs.] Lydgate. Haunch Haunch (?; 277), n. [F. hanche, of German origin; cf. OD. hancke, hencke, and also OHG. ancha; prob. not akin to E. ankle.] 1. The hip; the projecting region of the lateral parts of the pelvis and the hip joint; the hind part. 2. Of meats: The leg and loin taken together; as, a haunch of venison. Haunch bone. See Innominate bone, under Innominate. -- Haunches of an arch (Arch.), the parts on each side of the crown of an arch. (See Crown, n., 11.) Each haunch may be considered as from one half to two thirds of the half arch. Haunched Haunched (?), a. Having haunches. Haunt Haunt (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Haunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Haunting.] [F. hanter; of uncertain origin, perh. from an assumed LL. ambitare to go about, fr. L. ambire (see Ambition); or cf. Icel. heimta to demand, regain, akin to heim home (see Home). &root;36.] 1. To frequent; to resort to frequently; to visit pertinaciously or intrusively; to intrude upon. You wrong me, sir, thus still to haunt my house. Shak. Those cares that haunt the court and town. Swift. 2. To inhabit or frequent as a specter; to visit as a ghost or apparition. Foul spirits haunt my resting place. Fairfax. 3. To practice; to devote one's self to. [Obs.] That other merchandise that men haunt with fraud . . . is cursed. Chaucer. Leave honest pleasure, and haunt no good pastime. Ascham. 4. To accustom; to habituate. [Obs.] Haunt thyself to pity. Wyclif. Haunt Haunt, v. i. To persist in staying or visiting. I've charged thee not to haunt about my doors. Shak. Haunt Haunt, n. 1. A place to which one frequently resorts; as, drinking saloons are the haunts of tipplers; a den is the haunt of wild beasts. NOTE: &hand; In Ol d En glish th e pl ace occupied by any one as a dwelling or in his business was called a haunt. NOTE: Often used figuratively. The household nook, The haunt of all affections pure. Keble. The feeble soul, a haunt of fears. Tennyson. 2. The habit of resorting to a place. [Obs.] The haunt you have got about the courts. Arbuthnot. 3. Practice; skill. [Obs.] Of clothmaking she hadde such an haunt. Chaucer. Haunted Haunt"ed, a. Inhabited by, or subject to the visits of, apparitions; frequented by a ghost. All houses wherein men have lived and died Are haunted houses. Longfellow. Haunter Haunt"er (?), n. One who, or that which, haunts. Haurient Hau"ri*ent (?), a. [L. hauriens, p. pr. of haurire to breathe.] (Her.) In pale, with the head in chief; -- said of the figure of a fish, as if rising for air. Hausen Hau"sen (?), n. [G.] (Zo\'94l.) A large sturgeon (Acipenser huso) from the region of the Black Sea. It is sometimes twelve feet long.<-- syn = Huso huso, and also called Beluga. Provides the highest quality caviar --> Hausse Hausse (?), n. [F.] (Gun.) A kind of graduated breech sight for a small arm, or a cannon. Haustellata Haus`tel*la"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. haustellum, fr. L. haurire, haustum, to draw water, to swallow. See Exhaust.] (Zo\'94l.) An artificial division of insects, including all those with a sucking proboscis. Haustellate Haus"tel*late (?), a. [See Haustellata.] (Zo\'94l.) Provided with a haustellum, or sucking proboscis. -- n. One of the Haustellata. Haustellum Haus*tel"lum (?), n.; pl. Haustella (#). [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) The sucking proboscis of various insects. See Lepidoptera, and Diptera. Haustorium Haus*to"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Haustoria (#). [LL., a well, fr. L. haurire, haustum, to drink.] (Bot.) One of the suckerlike rootlets of such plants as the dodder and ivy. R. Brown. Haut Haut (?), a. [F. See Haughty.] Haughty. [Obs.] "Nations proud and haut." Milton. Hautboy Haut"boy (?), n. [F. hautbois, lit., high wood; haut high + bois wood. So called on account of its high tone. See Haughty, Bush; and cf. Oboe.] 1. (Mus.) A wind instrument, sounded through a reed, and similar in shape to the clarinet, but with a thinner tone. Now more commonly called oboe. See Illust. of Oboe. 2. (Bot.) A sort of strawberry (Fragaria elatior). Hautboyist Haut"boy*ist (-&icr;st), n. [Cf. F. hautbo\'8bste.] A player on the hautboy. Hautein Hau"tein (?), a. [See Haughty.] 1. Haughty; proud. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. High; -- said of the voice or flight of birds. [Obs.] Hauteur Hau`teur" (?), n. [F., fr. haut high. See Haughty.] Haughty manner or spirit; haughtiness; pride; arrogance. Hautgo\'96t Haut`go\'96t" (?), n. [F.] High relish or flavor; high seasoning. Hautpas Haut`pas" (?), n. [F. haut high + pas step.] A raised part of the floor of a large room; a platform for a raised table or throne. See Dais. _________________________________________________________________ Page 675 Ha\'81ynite Ha"\'81y*nite (?), n. [From the French mineralogist Ha\'81y.] (Min.) A blue isometric mineral, characteristic of some volcani Havana Ha*van"a (?), a. Of or pertaining to Havana, the capital of the island of Cuba; as, an Havana cigar; -- formerly sometimes written Havannah. -- n. An Havana cigar. Young Frank Clavering stole his father's Havannahs, and . . . smoked them in the stable. Thackeray. Havanese Hav`an*ese" (?), a. Of or pertaining to Havana, in Cuba. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or inhabitant, or the people, of Havana. Have Have (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Had (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Having. Indic. present, I have, thou hast, he has; we, ye, they have.] [OE. haven, habben, AS. habben (imperf. h\'91fde, p. p. geh\'91fd); akin to OS. hebbian, D. hebben, OFries, hebba, OHG. hab, G. haben, Icel. hafa, Sw. hafva, Dan. have, Goth. haban, and prob. to L. habere, whence F. avoir. Cf. Able, Avoirdupois, Binnacle, Habit.] 1. To hold in possession or control; to own; as, he has a farm. 2. To possess, as something which appertains to, is connected with, or affects, one. The earth hath bubbles, as the water has. Shak. He had a fever late. Keats. 3. To accept possession of; to take or accept. Break thy mind to me in broken English; wilt thou have me? Shak. 4. To get possession of; to obtain; to get. Shak. 5. To cause or procure to be; to effect; to exact; to desire; to require. It had the church accurately described to me. Sir W. Scott. Wouldst thou have me turn traitor also? Ld. Lytton. 6. To bear, as young; as, she has just had a child. 7. To hold, regard, or esteem. Of them shall I be had in honor. 2 Sam. vi. 22. 8. To cause or force to go; to take. "The stars have us to bed." Herbert. "Have out all men from me." 2 Sam. xiii. 9. 9. To take or hold (one's self); to proceed promptly; -- used reflexively, often with ellipsis of the pronoun; as, to have after one; to have at one or at a thing, i. e., to aim at one or at a thing; to attack; to have with a companion. Shak. 10. To be under necessity or obligation; to be compelled; followed by an infinitive. Science has, and will long have, to be a divider and a separatist. M. Arnold. The laws of philology have to be established by external comparison and induction. Earle. 11. To understand. You have me, have you not? Shak. 12. To put in an awkward position; to have the advantage of; as, that is where he had him. [Slang] NOTE: &hand; Ha ve, as an au xiliary ve rb, is used with the past participle to form preterit tenses; as, I have loved; I shall have eaten. Originally it was used only with the participle of transitive verbs, and denoted the possession of the object in the state indicated by the participle; as, I have conquered him, I have or hold him in a conquered state; but it has long since lost this independent significance, and is used with the participles both of transitive and intransitive verbs as a device for expressing past time. Had is used, especially in poetry, for would have or should have. Myself for such a face had boldly died. Tennyson. To have a care, to take care; to be on one's guard. -- To have (a man) out, to engage (one) in a duel. -- To have done (with). See under Do, v. i. -- To have it out, to speak freely; to bring an affair to a conclusion. -- To have on, to wear. -- To have to do with. See under Do, v. t. Syn. -- To possess; to own. See Possess. Haveless Have"less, a. Having little or nothing. [Obs.] Gower. Havelock Hav"e*lock (?), n. [From Havelock, an English general distinguished in India in the rebellion of 1857.] A light cloth covering for the head and neck, used by soldiers as a protection from sunstroke. Haven Ha"ven (?), n. [AS. h\'91fene; akin to D. & LG. haven, G. hafen, MNG. habe, Dan. havn, Icel. h\'94fn, Sw. hamn; akin to E. have, and hence orig., a holder; or to heave (see Heave); or akin to AS. h\'91f sea, Icel. & Sw. haf, Dan. hav, which is perh. akin to E. heave.] 1. A bay, recess, or inlet of the sea, or the mouth of a river, which affords anchorage and shelter for shipping; a harbor; a port. What shipping and what lading's in our haven. Shak. Their haven under the hill. Tennyson. 2. A place of safety; a shelter; an asylum. Shak. The haven, or the rock of love. Waller. Haven Ha"ven, v. t. To shelter, as in a haven. Keats. Havenage Ha"ven*age (?), n. Harbor dues; port dues. Havened Ha"vened (?), p. a. Sheltered in a haven. Blissful havened both from joy and pain. Keats. Havener Ha"ven*er (?), n. A harbor master. [Obs.] Haver Ha"ver (?), n. A possessor; a holder. Shak. Haver Hav"er, n. [D. haver; akin to G. haber.] The oat; oats. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Haver bread, oaten bread. -- Haver cake, oaten cake. Piers Plowman. -- Haver grass, the wild oat. -- Haver meal, oatmeal. Haver Ha"ver (?), v. i. [Etymol. uncertain.] To maunder; to talk foolishly; to chatter. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. Haversack Hav"er*sack (?), n. [F. havresac, G. habersack, sack for oats. See 2d Haver, and Sack a bag.] 1. A bag for oats or oatmeal. [Prov. Eng.] 2. A bag or case, usually of stout cloth, in which a soldier carries his rations when on a march; -- distinguished from knapsack. 3. A gunner's case or bag used carry cartridges from the ammunition chest to the piece in loading. Haversian Ha*ver"sian (?), a. Pertaining to, or discovered by, Clopton Havers, an English physician of the seventeenth century. Haversian canals (Anat.), the small canals through which the blood vessels ramify in bone. Havildar Hav`il*dar" (?), n. In the British Indian armies, a noncommissioned officer of native soldiers, corresponding to a sergeant. Havildar major, a native sergeant major in the East Indian army. Having Hav"ing (?), n. Possession; goods; estate. I 'll lend you something; my having is not much. Shak. Havior Hav"ior (?), n. [OE. havour, a corruption of OF. aveir, avoir, a having, of same origin as E. aver a work horse. The h is due to confusion with E. have.] Behavior; demeanor. [Obs.] Shak. Havoc Hav"oc (?), n. [W. hafog devastation, havoc; or, if this be itself fr. E. havoc, cf. OE. havot, or AS. hafoc hawk, which is a cruel or rapacious bird, or F. hai, voux! a cry to hounds.] Wide and general destruction; devastation; waste. As for Saul, he made havoc of the church. Acts viii. 3. Ye gods, what havoc does ambition make Among your works! Addison. Havoc Hav"oc, v. t. To devastate; to destroy; to lay waste. To waste and havoc yonder world. Milton. Havoc Hav"oc, interj. [See Havoc, n.] A cry in war as the signal for indiscriminate slaughter. Toone. Do not cry havoc, where you should but hunt With modest warrant. Shak. Cry 'havoc,' and let slip the dogs of war! Shak. Haw Haw (?), n. [OE. hawe, AS. haga; akin to D. haag headge, G. hag, hecke, Icel. hagi pasture, Sw. hage, Dan. have garden. Haggard, Ha-ha, Haugh, Hedge.] 1. A hedge; an inclosed garden or yard. And eke there was a polecat in his haw. Chaucer. 2. The fruit of the hawthorn. Bacon. Haw Haw, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Anat.) The third eyelid, or nictitating membrane. See Nictitating membrane, under Nictitate. Haw Haw, n. [Cf. ha an interjection of wonder, surprise, or hesitation.] An intermission or hesitation of speech, with a sound somewhat like haw! also, the sound so made. "Hums or haws." Congreve. Haw Haw, v. i. To stop, in speaking, with a sound like haw; to speak with interruption and hesitation. Cut it short; don't prose -- don't hum and haw. Chesterfield. Haw Haw, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hawing.] [Written also hoi.] [Perhaps connected with here, hither; cf., however, F. huhau, hue, interj. used in turning a horse to the right, G. hott, h\'81, interj. used in calling to a horse.] To turn to the near side, or toward the driver; -- said of cattle or a team: a word used by teamsters in guiding their teams, and most frequently in the imperative. See Gee. To haw and gee, OR To haw and gee about, to go from one thing to another without good reason; to have no settled purpose; to be irresolute or unstable. [Colloq.] Haw Haw, v. t. To cause to turn, as a team, to the near side, or toward the driver; as, to haw a team of oxen. To haw and gee, OR To haw and gee about, to lead this way and that at will; to lead by the nose; to master or control. [Colloq.] Hawaiian Ha*wai"ian (?), a. Belonging to Hawaii or the Sandwich Islands, or to the people of Hawaii. -- n. A native of Hawaii. Hawebake Hawe"bake` (?), n. Probably, the baked berry of the hawthorn tree, that is, coarse fare. See 1st Haw, 2. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hawfinch Haw"finch` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The common European grosbeak (Coccothraustes vulgaris); -- called also cherry finch, and coble. Haw-haw Haw-haw" (?), n. [Duplication of haw a hedge.] See Ha-ha. Hawhaw Haw*haw", v. i. [Of imitative origin.] To laugh boisterously. [Colloq. U. S.] We haw-haw'd, I tell you, for more than half an hour. Major Jack Downing. Hawk Hawk (?), n. [OE. hauk (prob. fr. Icel.), havek, AS. hafoc, heafoc; akin to D. havik, OHG. habuh, G. habicht, Icel. haukr, Sw. h\'94k, Dan. h\'94g, prob. from the root of E. heave.] (Zo\'94l.) One of numerous species and genera of rapacious birds of the family Falconid\'91. They differ from the true falcons in lacking the prominent tooth and notch of the bill, and in having shorter and less pointed wings. Many are of large size and grade into the eagles. Some, as the goshawk, were formerly trained like falcons. In a more general sense the word is not infrequently applied, also, to true falcons, as the sparrow hawk, pigeon hawk, duck hawk, and prairie hawk. NOTE: &hand; Am ong th e common American species are the red-tailed hawk (Buteo borealis); the red-shouldered (B. lineatus); the broad-winged (B. Pennsylvanicus); the rough-legged (Archibuteo lagopus); the sharp-shinned Accipiter fuscus). See Fishhawk, Goshawk, Marsh hawk, under Marsh, Night hawk, under Night. Bee hawk (Zo\'94l.), the honey buzzard. -- Eagle hawk. See under Eagle. -- Hawk eagle (Zo\'94l.), an Asiatic bird of the genus Spiz\'91tus, or Limn\'91tus, intermediate between the hawks and eagles. There are several species. -- Hawk fly (Zo\'94l.), a voracious fly of the family Asilid\'91. See Hornet fly, under Hornet. -- Hawk moth. (Zo\'94l.) See Hawk moth, in the Vocabulary. -- Hawk owl. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A northern owl (Surnia ulula) of Europe and America. It flies by day, and in some respects resembles the hawks. (b) An owl of India (Ninox scutellatus). -- Hawk's bill (Horology), the pawl for the rack, in the striking mechanism of a clock. Hawk Hawk (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hawked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hawking.] 1. To catch, or attempt to catch, birds by means of hawks trained for the purpose, and let loose on the prey; to practice falconry. A falconer Henry is, when Emma hawks. Prior. 2. To make an attack while on the wing; to soar and strike like a hawk; -- generally with at; as, to hawk at flies. Dryden. A falcon, towering in her pride of place, Was by a mousing owl hawked at and killed. Shak. Hawk Hawk, v. i. [W. hochi.] To clear the throat with an audible sound by forcing an expiratory current of air through the narrow passage between the depressed soft palate and the root of the tongue, thus aiding in the removal of foreign substances. Hawk Hawk, v. t. To raise by hawking, as phlegm. Hawk Hawk, n. [W. hoch.] An effort to force up phlegm from the throat, accompanied with noise. Hawk Hawk, v. t. [Akin to D. hauker a hawker, G. h\'94ken, h\'94cken, to higgle, to retail, h\'94ke, h\'94ker, a higgler, huckster. See Huckster.] To offer for sale by outcry in the street; to carry (merchandise) about from place to place for sale; to peddle; as, to hawk goods or pamphlets. His works were hawked in every street. Swift. Hawk Hawk, n. (Masonry) A small board, with a handle on the under side, to hold mortar. Hawk boy, an attendant on a plasterer to supply him with mortar. Hawkbill Hawk"bill` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata), which yields the best quality of tortoise shell; -- called also caret. Hawkbit Hawk"bit` (?), n. (Bot.) The fall dandelion (Leontodon autumnale). Hawked Hawked (?), a. Curved like a hawk's bill; crooked. Hawker Hawk"er (?), n. One who sells wares by crying them in the street; hence, a peddler or a packman. Hawker Hawk"er, v. i. To sell goods by outcry in the street. [Obs.] Hudibras. Hawker Hawk"er, n. [Cf. AS. hafecere. See 1st Hawk.] A falconer. Hawkey Hawk"ey (?), n. See Hockey. Holloway. Hawk-eyed Hawk"-eyed` (?), a. Having a keen eye; sharpsighted; discerning. Hawk moth Hawk" moth` (?; 115). (Zo\'94l.) Any moth of the family Sphingid\'91, of which there are numerous genera and species. They are large, handsome moths, which fly mostly at twilight and hover about flowers like a humming bird, sucking the honey by means of a long, slender proboscis. The larv\'91 are large, hairless caterpillars ornamented with green and other bright colors, and often with a caudal spine. See Sphinx, also Tobacco worm, and Tomato worm. CAPTION: Tobacco Ha wk Mo th (M acrosila Carolina), and its Larva, the Tobacco Worm. NOTE: &hand; Th e larv\'91 of several species of hawk moths feed on grapevines. The elm-tree hawk moth is Ceratomia Amyntor. Hawkweed Hawk"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Hieracium; -- so called from the ancient belief that birds of prey used its juice to strengthen their vision. (b) A plant of the genus Senecio (S. hieracifolius). Loudon. Hawm Hawm (?), n. See Haulm, straw. Hawm Hawm, v. i. [Etymol. uncertain.] To lounge; to loiter. [Prov. Eng.] Tennyson. Hawse Hawse (?; 277), n. [Orig. a hawse hole, or hole in the ship; cf. Icel. hals, h\'bels, neck, part of the bows of a ship, AS. heals neck. See Collar, and cf. Halse to embrace.] 1. A hawse hole. Harris. 2. (Naut.) (a) The situation of the cables when a vessel is moored with two anchors, one on the starboard, the other on the port bow. (b) The distance ahead to which the cables usually extend; as, the ship has a clear or open hawse, or a foul hawse; to anchor in our hawse, or athwart hawse. (c) That part of a vessel's bow in which are the hawse holes for the cables. Athwart hawse. See under Athwart. -- Foul hawse, a hawse in which the cables cross each other, or are twisted together. -- Hawse block, a block used to stop up a hawse hole at sea; -- called also hawse plug. -- Hawse hole, a hole in the bow of a ship, through which a cable passes. -- Hawse piece, one of the foremost timbers of a ship, through which the hawse hole is cut. -- Hawse plug. Same as Hawse block (above). -- To come in at the hawse holes, to enter the naval service at the lowest grade. [Cant] -- To freshen the hawse, to veer out a little more cable and bring the chafe and strain on another part. _________________________________________________________________ Page 676 Hawser Haws"er (?), n. [From F. hausser to hausser\'82e towpath, towing, F. haussi\'8are hawser), LL. altiare, fr. L. altus high. See Haughty.] A large rope made of three strands each containing many yarns. NOTE: &hand; Th ree ha wsers tw isted together make a cable; but it nautical usage the distinction between cable and hawser is often one of size rather than of manufacture. Hawser iron, a calking iron. Hawser-laid Haws"er-laid` (?), a. Made in the manner of a hawser. Cf. Cable-laid, and see Illust. of Cordage. Hawthorn Haw"thorn` (?), n. [AS. hagaborn, h\'91g. See Haw a hedge, and Thorn.] (Bot.) A thorny shrub or tree (the Crat\'91gus oxyacantha), having deeply lobed, shining leaves, small, roselike, fragrant flowers, and a fruit called haw. It is much used in Europe for hedges, and for standards in gardens. The American hawthorn is Crat\'91gus cordata, which has the leaves but little lobed. Gives not the hawthorn bush a sweeter shade To shepherds? Shak. Hay Hay (?), n. [AS. hege: cf. F. haie, of German origin. See Haw a hedge, Hedge.] 1. A hedge. [Obs.] 2. A net set around the haunt of an animal, especially of a rabbit. Rowe. To dance the hay, to dance in a ring. Shak. Hay Hay, v. i. To lay snares for rabbits. Huloet. Hay Hay, n. [OE. hei, AS. h; akin to D. kooi, OHG. hewi, houwi, G. heu, Dan. & Sw. h\'94, Icel. hey, ha, Goth. hawi grass, fr. the root of E. hew. See Hew to cut. ] Grass cut and cured for fodder. Make hay while the sun shines. Camden. Hay may be dried too much as well as too little. C. L. Flint. Hay cap, a canvas covering for a haycock. -- Hay fever (Med.), nasal catarrh accompanied with fever, and sometimes with paroxysms of dyspn\'d2a, to which some persons are subject in the spring and summer seasons. It has been attributed to the effluvium from hay, and to the pollen of certain plants. It is also called hay asthma, hay cold, and rose fever. -- Hay knife, a sharp instrument used in cutting hay out of a stack or mow. -- Hay press, a press for baling loose hay. -- Hay tea, the juice of hay extracted by boiling, used as food for cattle, etc. -- Hay tedder, a machine for spreading and turning newmown hay. See Tedder. Hay Hay, v. i. To cut and cure grass for hay. Haybird Hay"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European spotted flycatcher. (b) The European blackcap. Haybote Hay"bote` (?), n. [See Hay hedge, and Bote, and cf. Hedgebote.] (Eng. Law.) An allowance of wood to a tenant for repairing his hedges or fences; hedgebote. See Bote. Blackstone. Haycock Hay"cock` (?), n. A conical pile or hear of hay in the field. The tanned haycock in the mead. Milton. Hay-cutter Hay"-cut`ter (?), n. A machine in which hay is chopped short, as fodder for cattle. Hayfield Hay"field` (?), n. A field where grass for hay has been cut; a meadow. Cowper. Hayfork Hay"fork` (?), n. A fork for pitching and tedding hay. Horse hayfork, a contrivance for unloading hay from the cart and depositing it in the loft, or on a mow, by horse power. Hayloft Hay"loft` (?; 115), n. A loft or scaffold for hay. Haymaker Hay"mak`er (?), n. 1. One who cuts and cures hay. 2. A machine for curing hay in rainy weather. Haymaking Hay"mak`ing, n. The operation or work of cutting grass and curing it for hay. Haymow Hay"mow` (?), n. 1. A mow or mass of hay laid up in a barn for preservation. 2. The place in a barn where hay is deposited. Hayrack Hay"rack` (?), n. A frame mounted on the running gear of a wagon, and used in hauling hay, straw, sheaves, etc.; -- called also hay rigging. Hayrake Hay"rake` (?), n. A rake for collecting hay; especially, a large rake drawn by a horse or horses. Hayrick Hay"rick (?), n. A heap or pile of hay, usually covered with thatch for preservation in the open air. Haystack Hay"stack` (?), n. A stack or conical pile of hay in the open air. Haystalk Hay"stalk` (?), n. A stalk of hay. Haythorn Hay"thorn` (?), n. Hawthorn. R. Scot. Haytian Hay"ti*an (?), a. Of pertaining to Hayti. -- n. A native of Hayti. [Written also Haitian.] Hayward Hay"ward (?), n. [Hay a hedge + ward.] An officer who is appointed to guard hedges, and to keep cattle from breaking or cropping them, and whose further duty it is to impound animals found running at large. Hazard Haz"ard (?), n. [F. hazard, Sp. azar an unforeseen disaster or accident, an unfortunate card or throw at dice, prob. fr. Ar. zahr, z\'ber, a die, which, with the article al the, would give azzahr, azz\'ber.] 1. A game of chance played with dice. Chaucer. 2. The uncertain result of throwing a die; hence, a fortuitous event; chance; accident; casualty. I will stand the hazard of the die. Shak. 3. Risk; danger; peril; as, he encountered the enemy at the hazard of his reputation and life. Men are led on from one stage of life to another in a condition of the utmost hazard. Rogers 4. (Billiards Holing a ball, whether the object ball (winning hazard) or the player's ball (losing hazard). 5. Anything that is hazarded or risked, as the stakes in gaming. "Your latter hazard." Shak. Hazard table, a a table on which hazard is played, or any game of chance for stakes. -- To ru, to take the chance or risk. Syn. -- Danger; risk; chance. See Danger. Hazard Haz"ard, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hazarded; p. pr. & vb. Hazarding.] [Cf. F. hazarder. See Hazard, n.] 1. To expose to the operation of chance; to put in danger of loss or injury; to venture; to risk. Men hazard nothing by a course of evangelical obedience. John Clarke. He hazards his neck to the halter. Fuller. 2. To venture to incur, or bring on. I hazarded the loss of whom I loved. Shak. They hazard to cut their feet. Landor. Syn. -- To venture; risk; jeopard; peril; endanger. Hazard Haz"ard (?), v. i. To try the chance; to encounter risk or danger. Shak. Hazardable Haz"ard*a*ble (?), a. 1. Liable to hazard or chance; uncertain; risky. Sir T. Browne. 2. Such as can be hazarded or risked. Hazarder Haz"ard*er (?), n. 1. A player at the game of hazard; a gamester. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. One who hazards or ventures. Hazardize Haz"ard*ize (?), n. A hazardous attempt or situation; hazard. [Obs.] Herself had run into that hazardize. Spenser. Hazardous Haz"ard*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. hasardeux.] Exposed to hazard; dangerous; risky. To enterprise so hazardous and high! Milton. Syn. -- Perilous; dangerous; bold; daring; adventurous; venturesome; precarious; uncertain. -- Haz"ard*ous*ly, adv. -- Haz"ard*ous*ness, n. Hazardry Haz"ard*ry (?), n. 1. Playing at hazard; gaming; gambling. [R.] Chaucer. 2. Rashness; temerity. [R.] Spenser. Haze Haze (?), n. [Cf. Icel. h\'94ss gray; akin to AS. hasu, heasu, gray; or Armor. a\'82zen, \'82zen, warm vapor, exhalation, zephyr.] Light vapor or smoke in the air which more or less impedes vision, with little or no dampness; a lack of transparency in the air; hence, figuratively, obscurity; dimness. O'er the sky The silvery haze of summer drawn. Tennyson. Above the world's uncertain haze. Keble. Haze Haze, v. i. To be hazy, or tick with haze. Ray. Haze Haze, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hazed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hazing.] [Also haze.] [Cf. Sw. haza to hamstring, fr. has hough, OD. h\'91ssen ham.] 1. To harass by exacting unnecessary, disagreeable, or difficult work. 2. To harass or annoy by playing abusive or shameful tricks upon; to humiliate by practical jokes; -- used esp. of college students; as, the sophomores hazed a freshman. Hazel Ha"zel (?), n. [OE. hasel, AS. h\'91sel; akin to D. hazelaar, G. hazel, OHG. hasal, hasala, Icel. hasl, Dan & Sw. hassel, L. corylus, for cosylus.] 1. (Bot.) A shrub or small tree of the genus Corylus, as the C. avellana, bearing a nut containing a kernel of a mild, farinaceous taste; the filbert. The American species are C. Americana, which produces the common hazelnut, and C. rostrata. See Filbert. Gray. 2. A miner's name for freestone. Raymond. Hazel earth, soil suitable for the hazel; a fertile loam. -- Hazel grouse (Zo\'94l.), a European grouse (Bonasa betulina), allied to the American ruffed grouse. -- Hazel hoe, a kind of grub hoe. -- Witch hazel. See Witch-hazel, and Hamamelis. Hazel Ha"zel, a. 1. Consisting of hazels, or of the wood of the hazel; pertaining to, or derived from, the hazel; as, a hazel wand. I sit me down beside the hazel grove. Keble. 2. Of a light brown color, like the hazelnut. "Thou hast hazel eyes." Shak. Hazeless Haze"less (?), a. Destitute of haze. Tyndall. Hazelly Ha"zel*ly (?), a. Of the color of the hazelnut; of a light brown. Mortimer. Hazelnut Ha"zel*nut` (?), n. [AS. h\'91selhnutu.] The nut of the hazel. Shak. Hazelwort Ha"zel*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) The asarabacca. Hazily Ha"zi*ly (?), adv. In a hazy manner; mistily; obscurely; confusedly. Haziness Ha"zi*ness, n. The quality or state of being hazy. Hazle Ha"zle (?), v. t. To make dry; to dry. [Obs.] Hazy Ha"zy (?), a. [From Haze, n.] 1. Thick with haze; somewhat obscured with haze; not clear or transparent. "A tender, hazy brightness." Wordsworth. 2. Obscure; confused; not clear; as, a hazy argument; a hazy intellect. Mrs. Gore. He He (?), pron. [nom. He; poss. His (?); obj. Him (?); pl. nom. They (?); poss. Their or Theirs (; obj. Them (?).] [AS. h, masc., he\'a2, fem., hit, neut.; pl. h\'c6, or hie, hig; akin to Ofries. hi, D. hij, OS. he, hi, G. heute to-day, Goth. himma, dat. masc., this, hina, accus. masc., and hita, accus. neut., and prob. to L. his this. &root;183. Cf. It.] 1. The man or male being (or object personified to which the masculine gender is assigned), previously designated; a pronoun of the masculine gender, usually referring to a specified subject already indicated. Thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee. Gen. iii. 16. Thou shalt fear the Lord thy God; him shalt thou serve. Deut. x. 20. 2. Any one; the man or person; -- used indefinitely, and usually followed by a relative pronoun. He that walketh with wise men shall be wise. Prov. xiii. 20. 3. Man; a male; any male person; -- in this sense used substantively. Chaucer. I stand to answer thee, Or any he, the proudest of thy sort. Shak. NOTE: &hand; Wh en a collective noun or a class is referred to, he is of common gender. In early English, he referred to a feminine or neuter noun, or to one in the plural, as well as to noun in the masculine singular. In composition, he denotes a male animal; as, a he-goat. -head -head (?), suffix. A variant of -hood. Head Head (?), n. [OE. hed, heved, heaved, AS. he\'a0fod; akin to D. hoofd, OHG. houbit, G. haupt, Icel. h\'94fu, Sw. hufvud, Dan. hoved, Goth. haubip. The word does not corresponds regularly to L. caput head (cf. E. Chief, Cadet, Capital), and its origin is unknown.] 1. The anterior or superior part of an animal, containing the brain, or chief ganglia of the nervous system, the mouth, and in the higher animals, the chief sensory organs; poll; cephalon. 2. The uppermost, foremost, or most important part of an inanimate object; such a part as may be considered to resemble the head of an animal; often, also, the larger, thicker, or heavier part or extremity, in distinction from the smaller or thinner part, or from the point or edge; as, the head of a cane, a nail, a spear, an ax, a mast, a sail, a ship; that which covers and closes the top or the end of a hollow vessel; as, the head of a cask or a steam boiler. 3. The place where the head should go; as, the head of a bed, of a grave, etc.; the head of a carriage, that is, the hood which covers the head. 4. The most prominent or important member of any organized body; the chief; the leader; as, the head of a college, a school, a church, a state, and the like. "Their princes and heads." Robynson (More's Utopia). The heads of the chief sects of philosophy. Tillotson. Your head I him appoint. Milton. 5. The place or honor, or of command; the most important or foremost position; the front; as, the head of the table; the head of a column of soldiers. An army of fourscore thousand troops, with the duke Marlborough at the head of them. Addison. 6. Each one among many; an individual; -- often used in a plural sense; as, a thousand head of cattle. It there be six millions of people, there are about four acres for every head. Graunt. 7. The seat of the intellect; the brain; the understanding; the mental faculties; as, a good head, that is, a good mind; it never entered his head, it did not occur to him; of his own head, of his own thought or will. Men who had lost both head and heart. Macaulay. 8. The source, fountain, spring, or beginning, as of a stream or river; as, the head of the Nile; hence, the altitude of the source, or the height of the surface, as of water, above a given place, as above an orifice at which it issues, and the pressure resulting from the height or from motion; sometimes also, the quantity in reserve; as, a mill or reservoir has a good head of water, or ten feet head; also, that part of a gulf or bay most remote from the outlet or the sea. 9. A headland; a promontory; as, Gay Head. Shak. 10. A separate part, or topic, of a discourse; a theme to be expanded; a subdivision; as, the heads of a sermon. 11. Culminating point or crisis; hence, strength; force; height. Ere foul sin, gathering head, shall break into corruption. Shak. The indisposition which has long hung upon me, is at last grown to such a head, that it must quickly make an end of me or of itself. Addison. 12. Power; armed force. My lord, my lord, the French have gathered head. Shak. 13. A headdress; a covering of the head; as, a laced head; a head of hair. Swift. 14. An ear of wheat, barley, or of one of the other small cereals. 15. (Bot.) (a) A dense cluster of flowers, as in clover, daisies, thistles; a capitulum. (b) A dense, compact mass of leaves, as in a cabbage or a lettuce plant. 16. The antlers of a deer. 17. A rounded mass of foam which rises on a pot of beer or other effervescing liquor. Mortimer. 18. pl. Tiles laid at the eaves of a house. Knight. NOTE: &hand; He ad is often used adjectively or in self-explaining combinations; as, head gear or headgear, head rest. Cf. Head, a. A buck of the first head, a male fallow deer in its fifth year, when it attains its complete set of antlers. Shak. -- By the head. (Naut.) See under By. -- Elevator head, Feed head, etc. See under Elevator, Feed, etc. -- From head to foot, through the whole length of a man; completely; throughout. "Arm me, audacity, from head to foot." Shak. -- Head and ears, with the whole person; deeply; completely; as, he was head and ears in debt or in trouble. [Colloq.] -- Head fast. (Naut.) See 5th Fast. -- Head kidney (Anat.), the most anterior of the three pairs of embryonic renal organs developed in most vertebrates -- Head money, a capitation tax; a poll tax. Milton. -- Head pence, a poll tax. [Obs.] -- Head sea, a sea that meets the head of a vessel or rolls against her course. -- Head and shoulders. (a) By force; violently; as, to drag one, head and shoulders. "They bring in every figure of speech, head and shoulders." Felton. (b) By the height of the head and shoulders; hence, by a great degree or space; by far; much; as, he is head and shoulders above them. -- Head or tail, this side or that side; this thing or that; -- a phrase used in throwing a coin to decide a choice, guestion, or stake, head being the side of the coin bearing the effigy or principal figure (or, in case there is no head or face on either side, that side which has the date on it), and tail the other side. -- Neither head nor tail, neither beginning nor end; neither this thing nor that; nothing distinct or definite; -- a phrase used in speaking of what is indefinite or confused; as, they made neither head nor tail of the matter. [Colloq.] -- Head wind, a wind that blows in a direction opposite the vessel's course. -- Out one's own head, according to one's own idea; without advice or co\'94peration of another. Over the head of, beyond the comprehension of. M. Arnold.<-- go over one's head = appeal to one's superior in line of command --> -- To be out of one's head, to be temporarily insane. -- To come or draw to a head. See under Come, Draw. -- To give (one) the head, OR To give head, to let go, or to give up, control; to free from restraint; to give license. "He gave his able horse the head." Shak. "He has so long given his unruly passions their head." South. -- To his head, before his face. "An uncivil answer from a son to a father, from an obliged person to a benefactor, is a greater indecency than if an enemy should storm his house or revile him to his head." Jer. Taylor. -- To lay heads together, to consult; to conspire. -- To lose one's head, to lose presence of mind. -- To make head, OR To make head against, to resist with success; to advance. -- To show one's head, to appear. Shak. -- To turn head, to turn the face or front. "The ravishers turn head, the fight renews." Dryden. _________________________________________________________________ Page 677 Head Head (?), a. Principal; chief; leading; first; as, the head master of a school; the head man of a tribe; a head chorister; a head cook. Head Head (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Headed; p. pr. & vb. n. Heading.] 1. To be at the head of; to put one's self at the head of; to lead; to direct; to act as leader to; as, to head an army, an expedition, or a riot. Dryden. 2. To form a head to; to fit or furnish with a head; as, to head a nail. Spenser. 3. To behead; to decapitate. [Obs.] Shak. 4. To cut off the top of; to lop off; as, to head trees. 5. To go in front of; to get in the front of, so as to hinder or stop; to oppose; hence, to check or restrain; as, to head a drove of cattle; to head a person; the wind heads a ship. 6. To set on the head; as, to head a cask. To head off, to intercept; to get before; as, an officer heads off a thief who is escaping. -- To head up, to close, as a cask or barrel, by fitting a head to. Head Head, v. i. 1. To originate; to spring; to have its A broad river, that heads in the great Blue Ridge. Adair. 2. To go or point in a certain direction; to tend; as, how does the ship head? 3. To form a head; as, this kind of cabbage heads early. Headache Head"ache` (?), n. Pain in the head; ceph "Headaches and shivering fits." Macaulay. Headachy Head"ach`y, a. Afflicted with headache. [Colloq.] Headband Head"band` (?), n. 1. A fillet; a band for the head. "The headbands and the tablets." Is. iii. 20. 2. The band at each end of the back of a book. Headbeard Head"beard` (?), n. A board or boarding which marks or forms the head of anything; as, the headboard of a bed; the headboard of a grave. Headborough, Headborrow Head"bor*ough (?), Head"bor*row n. 1. The chief of a frankpledge, tithing, or decennary, consisting of ten families; -- called also borsholder, boroughhead, boroughholder, and sometimes tithingman. See Borsholder. [Eng.] Blackstone. 2. (Modern Law) A petty constable. [Eng.] Head-cheese Head"-cheese (?), n. A dish made of portions of the head, or head and feet, of swine, cut up fine, seasoned, and pressed into a cheeselike mass. Headdress Head"dress` (?), n. 1. A covering or ornament for the head; a headtire. Among birds the males very often appear in a most beautiful headdress, whether it be a crest, a comb, a tuft of feathers, or a natural little plume. Addison. 2. A manner of dressing the hair or of adorning it, whether with or without a veil, ribbons, combs, etc. Headed Head"ed, a. 1. Furnished with a head (commonly as denoting intellectual faculties); -- used in composition; as, clear-headed, long-headed, thick-headed; a many-headed monster. 2. Formed into a head; as, a headed cabbage. Header Head"er, n. 1. One who, or that which, heads nails, rivets, etc., esp. a machine for heading. 2. One who heads a movement, a party, or a mob; head; chief; leader. [R.] 3. (Arch.) (a) A brick or stone laid with its shorter face or head in the surface of the wall. (b) In framing, the piece of timber fitted between two trimmers, and supported by them, and carrying the ends of the tailpieces. 4. A reaper for wheat, that cuts off the heads only. 5. A fall or plunge headforemost, as while riding a bicycle, or in bathing; as, to take a header. [Colloq.] Headfirst, Headforemost Head`first" (?), Head`fore"most` (?), adv. With the head foremost. Headfish Head`fish" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The sunfish (Mola). Head gear, OR Headgear Head" gear`, OR Head"gear` (, n. 1. Headdress. 2. Apparatus above ground at the mouth of a mine or deep well. Head-hunter Head"-hunt`er (?), n. A member of any tribe or race of savages who have the custom of decapitating human beings and preserving their heads as trophies. The Dyaks of Borneo are the most noted head-hunters. <-- 2. (fig.) an executive personnel recruiter --> -- Head"-hunt`ing, n. Headily Head"i*ly (?), adv. In a heady or rash manner; hastily; rashly; obstinately. Headiness Head"i*ness, n. The quality of being heady. Heading Head"ing, n. 1. The act or state of one who, or that which, heads; formation of a head. 2. That which stands at the head; title; as, the heading of a paper. 3. Material for the heads of casks, barrels, etc. 4. (Mining.) A gallery, drift, or adit in a mine; also, the end of a drift or gallery; the vein above a drift. 5. (sewing) The extension of a line ruffling above the line of stitch. 6. (Masonry) That end of a stone or brick which is presented outward. Knight. Heading course (Arch.), a course consisting only of headers. See Header, n. 3 (a). -- Heading joint. (a) (Carp.) A joint, as of two or more boards, etc., at right angles to the grain of the wood. (b) (Masonry) A joint between two roussoirs in the same course. Headland Head"land (?), n. 1. A cape; a promontory; a point of land projecting into the sea or other expanse of water. "Sow the headland with wheat." Shak. 2. A ridge or strip of unplowed at the ends of furrows, or near a fence. Tusser. Headless Head"less, a. [AS. he\'a0fodle\'a0s.] 1. Having no head; beheaded; as, a headless body, neck, or carcass. 2. Destitute of a chief or leader. Sir W. Raleigh. 3. Destitute of understanding or prudence; foolish; rash; obstinate. [Obs.]<-- = mindless --> Witless headiness in judging or headless hardiness in condemning. Spenser. Headlight Head"light` (?), n. (Engin.) A light, with a powerful reflector, placed at the head of a locomotive, or in front of it, to throw light on the track at night, or in going through a dark tunnel. Headline Head"line` (?), n. 1. (Print.) The line at the head or top of a page. 2. (Naut.) See Headrope. Headlong Head"long` (?; 115), adv. [OE. hedling, hevedlynge; prob. confused with E. long, a. & adv.] 1. With the head foremost; as, to fall headlong. Acts i. 18. 2. Rashly; precipitately; without deliberation. 3. Hastily; without delay or respite. Headlong Head"long, a. 1. Rash; precipitate; as, headlong folly. 2. Steep; precipitous. [Poetic] Like a tower upon a headlong rock. Byron. Head-lugged Head"-lugged` (?), a. Lugged or dragged by the head. [R.] "The head-lugged bear." Shak. Headman Head"man` (?), n.; pl. Headmen (#). [AS. he\'a0fodman.] A head or leading man, especially of a village community. Headmold shot, Headmould shot Head"mold" shot", Head"mould` shot" (?). (Med.) An old name for the condition of the skull, in which the bones ride, or are shot, over each other at the sutures. Dunglison. Headmost Head"most` (?), a. Most advanced; most forward; as, the headmost ship in a fleet. Headnote Head"note` (?), n. A note at the head of a page or chapter; in law reports, an abstract of a case, showing the principles involved and the opinion of the court. Headpan Head"pan` (?), n. [AS. he\'a0fodpanne.] The brainpan. [Obs.] Headpiece Head"piece` (?), n. 1. Head. In his headpiece he felt a sore pain. Spenser. 2. A cap of defense; especially, an open one, as distinguished from the closed helmet of the Middle Ages. 3. Understanding; mental faculty. Eumenes had the best headpiece of all Alexander's captains. Prideaux. 4. An engraved ornament at the head of a chapter, or of a page. Headquarters Head"quar`ters (?), n. pl. [but sometimes used as a n. sing.] The quarters or place of residence of any chief officer, as the general in command of an army, or the head of a police force; the place from which orders or instructions are issued; hence, the center of authority or order. The brain, which is the headquarters, or office, of intelligence. Collier. Headrace Head"race` (?), n. See Race, a water course. HeadRome Head"Rome` (?), n. (Arch.) See Headway, 2. Headrope Head"rope` (?), n. (Naut.) That part of a boltrope which is sewed to the upper edge or head of a sail. Headsail Head"sail` (?), n. (Naut.) Any sail set forward of the foremast. Totten. Headshake Head`shake` (?), n. A significant shake of the head, commonly as a signal of denial. Shak. Headship Head"ship, n. Authority or dignity; chief place. Headsman Heads"man (?), n; pl. Headsmen (. An executioner who cuts off heads. Dryden. Headspring Head"spring` (?), n. Fountain; source. The headspring of our belief. Stapleton. Headstall Head"stall` (?), n. That part of a bridle or halter which encompasses the head. Shak. Headstock Head"stock` (?), n. (Mach.) A part (usually separate from the bed or frame) for supporting some of the principal working parts of a machine; as: (a) The part of a lathe that holds the revolving spindle and its attachments; -- also called poppet head, the opposite corresponding part being called a tailstock. (b) The part of a planing machine that supports the cutter, etc. Headstone Head"stone` (?), n. 1. The principal stone in a foundation; the chief or corner stone. Ps. cxviii. 22. 2. The stone at the head of a grave. Headstrong Head"strong` (?; 115), a. 1. Not easily restrained; ungovernable; obstinate; stubborn. Not let headstrong boy my will control. Dryden. 2. Directed by ungovernable will, or proceeding from obstinacy. Dryden. Syn. -- Violent; obstinate; ungovernable; unratable; stubborn; unruly; venturesome; heady. Headstrongness Head"strong`ness, n. Obstinacy. [R.] Gayton. Headtire Head"tire` (?), n. 1. A headdress. "A headtire of fine linen." 1 Edras iii. 6. 2. The manner of dressing the head, as at a particular time and place. Headway Head"way` (?), n. 1. The progress made by a ship in motion; hence, progress or success of any kind. 2. (Arch.) Clear space under an arch, girder, and the like, sufficient to allow of easy passing underneath.<-- = clearance, or headroom[Brit.] --> Headwork Head"work` (?), n. Mental labor. Heady Head"y, a. [From Head.] 1. Willful; rash; precipitate; hurried on by will or passion; ungovernable. All the talent required is to be hot, to be heady, -- to be violent on one side or the other. Sir W. Temple. 2. Apt to affect the head; intoxicating; strong. The liquor is too heady. Dryden. 3. Violent; impetuous. "A heady currance." Shak. Heal Heal, v. t. [See Hele.] To cover, as a roof, with tiles, slate, lead, or the like. [Obs.] Heal Heal, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Healed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Healing.] [OE. helen, h\'91len, AS. h\'d6lan, fr. h\'bel hale, sound, whole; akin to OS. h&emac;lian, D. heelen, G. heilen, Goth. hailjan. See Whole.] 1. To make hale, sound, or whole; to cure of a disease, wound, or other derangement; to restore to soundness or health. Speak the word only, and my servant shall be healed. Matt. viii. 8. 2. To remove or subdue; to cause to pass away; to cure; -- said of a disease or a wound. I will heal their backsliding. Hos. xiv. 4. 3. To restore to original purity or integrity. Thus saith the Lord, I have healed these waters. 2 Kings ii. 21. 4. To reconcile, as a breach or difference; to make whole; to free from guilt; as, to heal dissensions. Heal Heal (?), v. i. To grow sound; to return to a sound state; as, the limb heals, or the wound heals; -- sometimes with up or over; as, it will heal up, or over. Those wounds heal ill that men do give themselves. Shak. Heal Heal, n. [AS. h, h. See Heal, v. t.] Health. [Obs.] Chaucer. Healable Heal"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being healed. Healall Heal"all` (?), n. (Bot.) A common herb of the Mint family (Brunela vulgaris), destitute of active properties, but anciently thought a panacea. Heald Heald (?), n. [CF. Heddle.] A heddle. Ure. Healful Heal"ful (?), a. Tending or serving to heal; healing. [Obs.] Ecclus. xv. 3. Healing Heal"ing, a. Tending to cure; soothing; mollifying; as, the healing art; a healing salve; healing words. Here healing dews and balms abound. Keble. Healingly Heal"ing*ly, adv. So as to heal or cure. Health Health (?), n. [OE. helthe, AS. hh\'bel hale, sound, whole. See Whole.] 1. The state of being hale, sound, or whole, in body, mind, or soul; especially, the state of being free from physical disease or pain. There is no health in us. Book of Common Prayer. Though health may be enjoyed without gratitude, it can not be sported with without loss, or regained by courage. Buckminster. 2. A wish of health and happiness, as in pledging a person in a toast. "Come, love and health to all." Shak. Bill of health. See under Bill. -- Health lift, a machine for exercise, so arranged that a person lifts an increasing weight, or moves a spring of increasing tension, in such a manner that most of the muscles of the body are brought into gradual action; -- also called lifting machine. -- Health officer, one charged with the enforcement of the sanitary laws of a port or other place. -- To drink a health. See under Drink. Healthful Health"ful (?), a. 1. Full of health; free from illness or disease; well; whole; sound; healthy; as, a healthful body or mind; a healthful plant. 2. Serving to promote health of body or mind; wholesome; salubrious; salutary; as, a healthful air, diet. The healthful Spirit of thy grace. Book of Common Prayer. 3. Indicating, characterized by, or resulting from, health or soundness; as, a healthful condition. A mind . . . healthful and so well-proportioned. Macaulay. 4. Well-disposed; favorable. [R.] Gave healthful welcome to their shipwrecked guests. Shak. Healthfully Health"ful*ly, adv. In health; wholesomely. Healthfulness Health"ful*ness, n. The state of being healthful. Healthily Health"i*ly (?), adv. In a healthy manner. Healthiness Health"i*ness, n. The state of being healthy or healthful; freedom from disease. Healthless Health"less, n. 1. Without health, whether of body or mind; in firm. "A healthless or old age." Jer. Taylor. 2. Not conducive to health; unwholesome. [R.] Healthlessness Health"less*ness, n. The state of being health Healthsome Health"some, a. Wholesome; salubrious. [R.] "Healthsome air." Shak. Healthward Health"ward (?), a. & adv. In the direction of health; as, a healthward tendency. Healthy Health"y (?), a. [Compar. Healthier (?); superl. Healthiest.] 1. Being in a state of health; enjoying health; hale; sound; free from disease; as, a healthy chid; a healthy plant. His mind was now in a firm and healthy state. Macaulay. 2. Evincing health; as, a healthy pulse; a healthy complexion. 3. Conducive to health; wholesome; salubrious; salutary; as, a healthy exercise; a healthy climate. Syn. -- Vigorous; sound; hale; salubrious; healthful; wholesome; salutary. Heam Heam (?), n. [Cf. AS. cidhamma womb, OD. hamme afterbirth, LG. hamen.] The afterbirth or secundines of a beast. Heap Heap (?), n. [OE. heep, heap, heap, multitude, AS. he\'a0p; akin to OS. h, D. hoop, OHG. houf, h, G. haufe, haufen, Sw. hop, Dan. hob., Icel. h troop, flock, Russ. kupa heap, crowd, Lith. kaupas. Cf. Hope, in Forlorn hope.] 1. A crowd; a throng; a multitude or great number of persons. [Now Low or Humorous] The wisdom of a heap of learned men. Chaucer. A heap of vassals and slaves. Bacon. He had heaps of friends. W.Black. 2. A great number or large quantity of things not placed in a pile. [Now Low or Humorous] A vast heap, both of places of scripture and quotations. Bp. Burnet. I have noticed a heap of things in my life. R. L. Stevenson. 3. A pile or mass; a collection of things laid in a body, or thrown together so as to form an elevation; as, a heap of earth or stones. Huge heaps of slain around the body rise. Dryden. <-- (Computer programming) The main segment of memory available for dynamic assignment --> Heap Heap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heaped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Heaping.] [AS. he\'a0pian.] 1. To collect in great quantity; to amass; to lay up; to accumulate; -- usually with up; as, to heap up treasures. Though he heap up silver as the dust. Job. xxvii. 16. 2. To throw or lay in a heap; to make a heap of; to pile; as, to heap stones; -- often with up; as, to heap up earth; or with on; as, to heap on wood or coal. _________________________________________________________________ Page 678 3. To form or round into a heap, as in measuring; to fill (a measure) more than even full. Heaper Heap"er (?), n. One who heaps, piles, or amasses. Heapy Heap"y (?), a. Lying in heaps. Gay. Hear Hear (, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heard (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Hearing.] [OE. heren, AS,. hi\'82ran, hran, hran; akin to OS. h, OFries. hera, hora, D. hooren, OHG. h, G. h\'94ren, Icel. heyra, Sw: h\'94ra, Dan. hore, Goth. hausjan, and perh. to Gr. acoustic. Cf. Hark, Hearken.] 1. To perceive by the ear; to apprehend or take cognizance of by the ear; as, to hear sounds; to hear a voice; to hear one call. Lay thine ear close to the ground, and list if thou canst hear the tread of travelers. Shak. He had been heard to utter an ominous growl. Macaulay. 2. To give audience or attention to; to listen to; to heed; to accept the doctrines or advice of; to obey; to examine; to try in a judicial court; as, to hear a recitation; to hear a class; the case will be heard to-morrow. 3. To attend, or be present at, as hearer or worshiper; as, to hear a concert; to hear Mass. 4. To give attention to as a teacher or judge. Thy matters are good and right, but there is no man deputed of the king to hear thee. 2 Sam. xv. 3. I beseech your honor to hear me one single word. Shak. 5. To accede to the demand or wishes of; to listen to and answer favorably; to favor. I love the Lord, because he hath heard my voice. Ps. cxvi. 1. They think that they shall be heard for their much speaking. Matt. vi. 7. Hear him. See Remark, under Hear, v. i. -- To hear a bird sing, to receive private communication. [Colloq.] Shak. -- To hear say, to hear one say; to learn by common report; to receive by rumor. [Colloq.] Hear Hear, v. i. 1. To have the sense or faculty of perceiving sound. "The Hearing ear." Prov. xx. 12. 2. To use the power of perceiving sound; to perceive or apprehend by the ear; to attend; to listen. So spake our mother Eve, and Adam heard, Well pleased, but answered not. Milton. 3. To be informed by oral communication; to be told; to receive information by report or by letter. I have heard, sir, of such a man. Shak. I must hear from thee every day in the hour. Shak. To hear ill, to be blamed. [Obs.] Not only within his own camp, but also now at Rome, he heard ill for his temporizing and slow proceedings. Holland. -- To hear well, to be praised. [Obs.] NOTE: &hand; He ar, or He ar him, is often used in the imperative, especially in the course of a speech in English assemblies, to call attention to the words of the speaker. Hear him, . . . a cry indicative, according to the tone, of admiration, acquiescence, indignation, or derision. Macaulay. Heard Heard (?), imp. & p. p. of Hear. Hearer Hear"er (?), n. One who hears; an auditor. Hearing Hear"ing, n. 1. The act or power of perceiving sound; perception of sound; the faculty or sense by which sound is perceived; as, my hearing is good. I have heard of thee by the hearing of the ear. Job xlii. 5. NOTE: &hand; Hearing in a special sensation, produced by stimEar. 2. Attention to what is delivered; opportunity to be heard; audience; as, I could not obtain a hearing. 3. A listening to facts and evidence, for the sake of adjudication; a session of a court for considering proofs and determining issues. His last offenses to us Shall have judicious hearing. Shak. Another hearing before some other court. Dryden. NOTE: &hand; He aring, as ap plied to equity cases, means the same thing that the word trial does at law. Abbot. 4. Extent within which sound may be heard; sound; earshot. "She's not within hearing." Shak. They laid him by the pleasant shore, And in the hearing of the wave. Tennyson. Hearken Heark"en (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hearkened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hearkening.] [OE. hercnen, hercnien, AS. hercnian, heorcnian, fr. hi\'82ran, h, to hear; akin to OD. harcken, horcken, LG. harken, horken, G. horchen. See Hear, and cf. Hark..] 1. To listen; to lend the ear; to attend to what is uttered; to give heed; to hear, in order to obey or comply. The Furies hearken, and their snakes uncurl. Dryden. Hearken, O Israel, unto the statutes and unto the judgments, which I teach you. Deut. iv. 1. 2. To inquire; to seek information. [Obs.] "Hearken after their offense." Shak. Syn. -- To attend; listen; hear; heed. See Attend, v. i. Hearken Heark"en, v. t. 1. To hear by listening. [Archaic] [She] hearkened now and then Some little whispering and soft groaning sound. Spenser. 2. To give heed to; to hear attentively. [Archaic] The King of Naples . . . hearkens my brother's suit. Shak. To hearken out, to search out. [Obs.] If you find none, you must hearken out a vein and buy. B. Johnson. Hearkener Heark"en*er (?), n. One who hearkens; a listener. Hearsal Hear"sal (?), n. Rehearsal. [Obs.] Spenser. Hearsay Hear"say` (?), n. Report; rumor; fame; common talk; something heard from another. Much of the obloquy that has so long rested on the memory of our great national poet originated in frivolous hearsays of his life and conversation. Prof. Wilson. Hearsay evidence (Law), that species of testimony which consists in a a narration by one person of matters told him by another. It is, with a few exceptions, inadmissible as testimony. Abbott. Hearse Hearse (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A hind in the year of its age. [Eng.] Wright. Hearse Hearse (?), n. [See Herse.] 1. A framework of wood or metal placed over the coffin or tomb of a deceased person, and covered with a pall; also, a temporary canopy bearing wax lights and set up in a church, under which the coffin was placed during the funeral ceremonies. [Obs.] Oxf. Gloss. 2. A grave, coffin, tomb, or sepulchral monument. [Archaic] "Underneath this marble hearse." B. Johnson. Beside the hearse a fruitful palm tree grows. Fairfax Who lies beneath this sculptured hearse. Longfellow. 3. A bier or handbarrow for conveying the dead to the grave. [Obs.] Set down, set down your honorable load, It honor may be shrouded in a hearse. Shak. 4. A carriage specially adapted or used for conveying the dead to the grave. Hearse Hearse, v. t. To inclose in a hearse; to entomb. [Obs.] "Would she were hearsed at my foot." Shak. Hearsecloth Hearse"cloth` (?; 115), n. A cloth for covering a coffin when on a bier; a pall. Bp. Sanderson. Hearselike Hearse"like" (?), a. Suitable to a funeral. If you listen to David's harp, you shall hear as many hearselike airs as carols. Bacon. Heart Heart (?), n. [OE. harte, herte, heorte, AS. heorte; akin to OS. herta, OFies. hirte, D. hart, OHG. herza, G. herz, Icel. hjarta, Sw. hjerta, Goth. ha\'a1rt, Lith. szirdis, Russ. serdtse, Ir. cridhe, L. cor, Gr. Accord, Discord, Cordial, 4th Core, Courage.] 1. (Anat.) A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. Why does my blood thus muster to my heart! Shak. NOTE: &hand; In ad ult ma mmals an d bi rds, th e he art is four-chambered, the right auricle and ventricle being completely separated from the left auricle and ventricle; and the blood flows from the systematic veins to the right auricle, thence to the right ventricle, from which it is forced to the lungs, then returned to the left auricle, thence passes to the left ventricle, from which it is driven into the systematic arteries. See Illust. under Aorta. In fishes there are but one auricle and one ventricle, the blood being pumped from the ventricle through the gills to the system, and thence returned to the auricle. In most amphibians and reptiles, the separation of the auricles is partial or complete, and in reptiles the ventricles also are separated more or less completely. The so-called lymph hearts, found in many amphibians, reptiles, and birds, are contractile sacs, which pump the lymph into the veins. 2. The seat of the affections or sensibilities, collectively or separately, as love, hate, joy, grief, courage, and the like; rarely, the seat of the understanding or will; -- usually in a good sense, when no epithet is expressed; the better or lovelier part of our nature; the spring of all our actions and purposes; the seat of moral life and character; the moral affections and character itself; the individual disposition and character; as, a good, tender, loving, bad, hard, or selfish heart. Hearts are dust, hearts' loves remain. Emerson. 3. The nearest the middle or center; the part most hidden and within; the inmost or most essential part of any body or system; the source of life and motion in any organization; the chief or vital portion; the center of activity, or of energetic or efficient action; as, the heart of a country, of a tree, etc. Exploits done in the heart of France. Shak. Peace subsisting at the heart Of endless agitation. Wordsworth. 4. Courage; courageous purpose; spirit. Eve, recovering heart, replied. Milton. The expelled nations take heart, and when they fly from one country invade another. Sir W. Temple. 5. Vigorous and efficient activity; power of fertile production; condition of the soil, whether good or bad. That the spent earth may gather heart again. Dryden. 6. That which resembles a heart in shape; especially, a roundish or oval figure or object having an obtuse point at one end, and at the other a corresponding indentation, -- used as a symbol or representative of the heart. 7. One of a series of playing cards, distinguished by the figure or figures of a heart; as, hearts are trumps. 8. Vital part; secret meaning; real intention. And then show you the heart of my message. Shak. 9. A term of affectionate or kindly and familiar address. "I speak to thee, my heart." Shak. NOTE: &hand; He art is us ed in many compounds, the most of which need no special explanation; as, heart-appalling, heart-breaking, heart-cheering, heart-chilled, heart-expanding, heart-free, heart-hardened, heart-heavy, heart-purifying, heart-searching, heart-sickening, heart-sinking, heart-stirring, heart-touching, heart-wearing, heart-whole, heart-wounding, heart-wringing, etc. After one's own heart, conforming with one's inmost approval and desire; as, a friend after my own heart. The Lord hath sought him a man after his own heart. 1 Sam. xiii. 14. -- At heart, in the inmost character or disposition; at bottom; really; as, he is at heart a good man. -- By heart, in the closest or most thorough manner; as, to know or learn by heart. "Composing songs, for fools to get by heart" (that is, to commit to memory, or to learn thoroughly). Pope. -- For my heart, for my life; if my life were at stake. [Obs.] "I could not get him for my heart to do it." Shak. -- Heart bond (Masonry), a bond in which no header stone stretches across the wall, but two headers meet in the middle, and their joint is covered by another stone laid header fashion. Knight. -- Heart and hand, with enthusiastic co\'94peration. -- Heart hardness, hardness of heart; callousness of feeling; moral insensibility. Shak. -- Heart heaviness, depression of spirits. Shak. -- Heart point (Her.), the fess point. See Escutcheon. -- Heart rising, a rising of the heart, as in opposition. -- Heart shell (Zo\'94l.), any marine, bivalve shell of the genus Cardium and allied genera, having a heart-shaped shell; esp., the European Isocardia cor; -- called also heart cockle. -- Heart sickness, extreme depression of spirits. -- Heart and soul, with the utmost earnestness. -- Heart urchin (Zo\'94l.), any heartshaped, spatangoid sea urchin. See Spatangoid. -- Heart wheel, a form of cam, shaped like a heart. See Cam. -- In good heart, in good courage; in good hope. -- Out of heart, discouraged. -- Poor heart, an exclamation of pity. -- To break the heart of. (a) To bring to despair or hopeless grief; to cause to be utterly cast down by sorrow. (b) To bring almost to completion; to finish very nearly; -- said of anything undertaken; as, he has broken the heart of the task. -- To find in the heart, to be willing or disposed. "I could find in my heart to ask your pardon." Sir P. Sidney. -- To have at heart, to desire (anything) earnestly. -- To have in the heart, to purpose; to design or intend to do. -- To have the heart in the mouth, to be much frightened. -- To lose heart, to become discouraged. -- To lose one's heart, to fall in love. -- To set the heart at rest, to put one's self at ease. -- To set the heart upon, to fix the desires on; to long for earnestly; to be very fond of. -- To take heart of grace, to take courage. -- To take to heart, to grieve over. -- To wear one's heart upon one's sleeve, to expose one's feelings or intentions; to be frank or impulsive. -- With all one's whole heart, very earnestly; fully; completely; devotedly. Heart Heart (?), v. t. To give heart to; to hearten; to encourage; to inspirit. [Obs.] My cause is hearted; thine hath no less reason. Shak. Heart Heart, v. i. To form a compact center or heart; as, a hearting cabbage. Heartache Heart"ache` (?), n. [Cf. AS. heortece.] Sorrow; anguish of mind; mental pang. Shak. Heartbreak Heart"break` (?), n. Crushing sorrow or grief; a yielding to such grief. Shak. Heartbreaking Heart"break`ing, a. Causing overpowering sorrow. Heartbroken Heart"bro`ken (?), a. Overcome by crushing sorrow; deeply grieved. Heartburn Heart"burn` (?), n. (Med.) An uneasy, burning sensation in the stomach, often attended with an inclination to vomit. It is sometimes idiopathic, but is often a symptom of often complaints. Heartburned Heart"burned` (?), a. Having heartburn. Shak. Heartburning Heart"burn`ing (?), a. Causing discontent. Heartburning Heart"burn`ing, n. 1. (Med.) Same as Heartburn. 2. Discontent; secret enmity. Swift. The transaction did not fail to leave heartburnings. Palfrey. Heartdear Heart"dear` (?), a. Sincerely beloved. [R.] Shak. Heartdeep Heart"deep` (?), a. Rooted in the heart. Herbert. Heart-eating Heart"-eat`ing (?), a. Preying on the heart. Hearted Heart"ed, a. 1. Having a heart; having (such) a heart (regarded as the seat of the affections, disposition, or character). 2. Shaped like a heart; cordate. [R.] Landor. 3. Seated or laid up in the heart. I hate the Moor: my cause is hearted. Shak. NOTE: &hand; Th is wo rd is ch iefly us ed in co mposition; as , hard-hearted, faint-hearted, kind-hearted, lion-hearted, stout-hearted, etc. Hence the nouns hard-heartedness, faint-heartedness, etc. Heartedness Heart"ed*ness, n. Earnestness; sincerity; heartiness. [R.] Clarendon. NOTE: &hand; Se e al so the Note under Hearted. The analysis of the compounds gives hard-hearted + -ness, rather than hard + heartedness, etc. Hearten Heart"en (?), v. t. [From Heart.] 1. To encourage; to animate; to incite or stimulate the courage of; to embolden. Hearten those that fight in your defense. Shak. 2. To restore fertility or strength to, as to land. Heartener Heart"en*er (?), n. One who, or that which, heartens, animates, or stirs up. W. Browne. Heartfelt Heart"felt` (?), a. Hearty; sincere. Heartgrief Heart"grief` (?), n. Heartache; sorrow. Milton. Hearth Hearth (?), n. [OE. harthe, herth, herthe, AS. heor; akin to D. haard, heerd, Sw. h\'84rd, G. herd; cf. Goth. ha\'a3ri a coal, Icel. hyrr embers, and L. cremare to burn.] 1. The pavement or floor of brick, stone, or metal in a chimney, on which a fire is made; the floor of a fireplace; also, a corresponding part of a stove. There was a fire on the hearth burning before him. Jer. xxxvi. 22. Where fires thou find'st unraked and hearths unswept. There pinch the maids as blue as bilberry. Shak. 2. The house itself, as the abode of comfort to its inmates and of hospitality to strangers; fireside. 3. (Metal. & Manuf.) The floor of a furnace, on which the material to be heated lies, or the lowest part of a melting furnace, into which the melted material settles. Hearth ends (Metal.), fragments of lead ore ejected from the furnace by the blast. -- Hearth money, Hearth penny [AS. heor&edh;pening], a tax formerly laid in England on hearths, each hearth (in all houses paying the church and poor rates) being taxed at two shillings; -- called also chimney money, etc. He had been importuned by the common people to relieve them from the . . . burden of the hearth money. Macaulay. Hearthstone Hearth"stone` (?), n. Stone forming the hearth; hence, the fireside; home. Chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone. A. Lincoln. Heartily Heart"i*ly (?), adv. [From Hearty.] 1. From the heart; with all the heart; with sincerity. I heartily forgive them. Shak. 2. With zeal; actively; vigorously; willingly; cordially; as, he heartily assisted the prince. To eat heartily, to eat freely and with relish. Addison. Syn. -- Sincerely; cordially; zealously; vigorously; actively; warmly; eagerly; ardently; earnestly. _________________________________________________________________ Page 679 Heariness Hear"i*ness (?), n. The quality of being hearty; as, the heartiness of a greeting. Heartless Heart"less, a. 1. Without a heart. You have left me heartess; mine is in your bosom. J. Webster. 2. Destitute of courage; spiritless; despodent. Heartless they fought, and quitted soon their ground. Dryden. Heartless and melancholy. W. Irwing. 3. Destitute of feeling or affection; unsympathetic; cruel. "The heartless parasites." Byron. -- Heart"less*ly, adv. -- Heart"less*ness, n. Heartlet Heart"let (?), n.. A little heart. Heartlings Heart"lings (?), interj. An exclamation used in addressing a familiar acquaintance. [Obs.] Shak. Heartpea Heart"pea` (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Heartseed. Heartquake Heart"quake` (?), n. Trembling of the heart; trepidation; fear. In many an hour of danger and heartquake. Hawthorne. Heartrending Heart"rend`ing (?), a. Causing intense grief; overpowering with anguish; very distressing. Heart-robbing Heart"-rob`bing (?), a. 1. Depriving of thought; ecstatic. "Heart-robbing gladness." Spenser. 2. Stealing the heart or affections; winning. Heart's-ease Heart's"-ease` (?), n. 1. Ease of heart; peace or tranquillity of mind or feeling. Shak. 2. (Bot.) A species of violet (Viola tricolor); -- called also pansy. Heartseed Heart"seed` (?), n. (Bot.) A climbing plant of the genus Cardiospermum, having round seeds which are marked with a spot like a heart. Loudon. Heartshaped Heart"shaped` (, a. Having the shape of a heart; cordate. Heartsick Heart"sick` (?), a. [AS. heorise\'a2c.] Sick at heart; extremely depressed in spirits; very despondent. Heartsome Heart"some (?), a. Merry; cheerful; lively. [Scot.] Heart-spoon Heart"-spoon` (?), n. A part of the breastbone. [Obs.] He feeleth through the herte-spon the pricke. Chaucer. Heartstricken Heart"strick`en (?), a. Shocked; dismayed. Heartstrike Heart"strike` (?), v. t. To affect at heart; to shock. [R.] "The seek to heartstrike us." B. Jonson. Heartstring Heart"string` (?), n. A nerve or tendon, supposed to brace and sustain the heart. Shak. Sobbing, as if a hearstring broke. Moore. Heartstruck Heart"struck` (?), a. 1. Driven to the heart; infixed in the mind. "His heartstruck injuries." Shak. 2. Shocked with pain, fear, or remorse; dismayed; heartstricken. Milton. Heartswelling Heart"swell`ing (?), a. Rankling in, or swelling, the heart. "Heartswelling hate." Spenser. Heart-whole Heart"-whole` (?), a. [See Whole.] 1. Having the heart or affections free; not in love. Shak. 2. With unbroken courage; undismayed. 3. Of a single and sincere heart. If he keeps heart-whole towards his Master. Bunyan. Heartwood Heart"wood` (?), n. The hard, central part of the trunk of a tree, consisting of the old and matured wood, and usually differing in color from the outer layers. It is technically known as duramen, and distinguished from the softer sapwood or alburnum. Heart-wounded Heart"-wound`ed (?), a. Wounded to the heart with love or grief. Pope. Hearty Heart"y (?), a. [Compar. Heartier (?); superl. Heartiest.] 1. Pertaining to, or proceeding from, the heart; warm; cordial; bold; zealous; sincere; willing; also, energetic; active; eager; as, a hearty welcome; hearty in supporting the government. Full of hearty tears For our good father's loss. Marston. 2. Exhibiting strength; sound; healthy; firm; not weak; as, a hearty timber. 3. Promoting strength; nourishing; rich; abundant; as, hearty food; a hearty meal. Syn. -- Sincere; real; unfeigned; undissembled; cordial; earnest; warm; zealous; ardent; eager; active; vigorous. -- Hearty, Cordial, Sincere. Hearty implies honesty and simplicity of feelings and manners; cordial refers to the warmth and liveliness with which the feelings are expressed; sincere implies that this expression corresponds to the real sentiments of the heart. A man should be hearty in his attachment to his friends, cordial in his reception of them to his house, and sincere in his offers to assist them. Hearty Heart"y, n.; pl. Hearties (. Comrade; boon companion; good fellow; -- a term of familiar address and fellowship among sailors. Dickens. Heartyhale Heart"y*hale` (?), a. Good for the heart. [Obs.] Heat Heat (?), n. [OE. hete, h\'91te, AS. h, h, fr. h\'bet hot; akin to OHG. heizi heat, Dan. hede, Sw. hetta. See Hot.] 1. A force in nature which is recognized in various effects, but especially in the phenomena of fusion and evaporation, and which, as manifested in fire, the sun's rays, mechanical action, chemical combination, etc., becomes directly known to us through the sense of feeling. In its nature heat is a mode if motion, being in general a form of molecular disturbance or vibration. It was formerly supposed to be a subtile, imponderable fluid, to which was given the name caloric. NOTE: &hand; As af fecting the human body, heat produces different sensations, which are called by different names, as heat or sensible heat, warmth, cold, etc., according to its degree or amount relatively to the normal temperature of the body. 2. The sensation caused by the force or influence of heat when excessive, or above that which is normal to the human body; the bodily feeling experienced on exposure to fire, the sun's rays, etc.; the reverse of cold. 3. High temperature, as distinguished from low temperature, or cold; as, the heat of summer and the cold of winter; heat of the skin or body in fever, etc. Else how had the world . . . Avoided pinching cold and scorching heat! Milton. 4. Indication of high temperature; appearance, condition, or color of a body, as indicating its temperature; redness; high color; flush; degree of temperature to which something is heated, as indicated by appearance, condition, or otherwise. It has raised . . . heats in their faces. Addison. The heats smiths take of their iron are a blood-red heat, a white-flame heat, and a sparking or welding heat. Moxon. 5. A single complete operation of heating, as at a forge or in a furnace; as, to make a horseshoe in a certain number of heats. 6. A violent action unintermitted; a single effort; a single course in a race that consists of two or more courses; as, he won two heats out of three. Many causes . . . for refreshment betwixt the heats. Dryden. [He] struck off at one heat the matchless tale of "Tam o'Shanter." J. C. Shairp. 7. Utmost violence; rage; vehemence; as, the heat of battle or party. "The heat of their division." Shak. 8. Agitation of mind; inflammation or excitement; exasperation. "The head and hurry of his rage." South. 9. Animation, as in discourse; ardor; fervency. With all the strength and heat of eloquence. Addison. 10. Sexual excitement in animals. 11. Fermentation. Animal heat, Blood heat, Capacity for heat, etc. See under Animal, Blood, etc. -- Atomic heat (Chem.), the product obtained by multiplying the atomic weight of any element by its specific heat. The atomic heat of all solid elements is nearly a constant, the mean value being 6.4. -- Dynamical theory of heat, that theory of heat which assumes it to be, not a peculiar kind of matter, but a peculiar motion of the ultimate particles of matter. Heat engine, any apparatus by which a heated substance, as a heated fluid, is made to perform work by giving motion to mechanism, as a hot-air engine, or a steam engine. -- Heat producers. (Physiol.) See under Food. -- Heat rays, a term formerly applied to the rays near the red end of the spectrum, whether within or beyond the visible spectrum. -- Heat weight (Mech.), the product of any quantity of heat by the mechanical equivalent of heat divided by the absolute temperature; -- called also thermodynamic function, and entropy. -- Mechanical equivalent of heat. See under Equivalent. -- Specific heat of a substance (at any temperature), the number of units of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of the substance at that temperature one degree. -- Unit of heat, the quantity of heat required to raise, by one degree, the temperature of a unit mass of water, initially at a certain standard temperature. The temperature usually employed is that of 0° Centigrade, or 32° Fahrenheit. Heat Heat (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heated; p. pr. & vb. n. Heating.] [OE. heten, AS. h, fr. h\'bet hot. See Hot.] 1. To make hot; to communicate heat to, or cause to grow warm; as, to heat an oven or furnace, an iron, or the like. Heat me these irons hot. Shak. 2. To excite or make hot by action or emotion; to make feverish. Pray, walk softly; do not heat your blood. Shak. 3. To excite ardor in; to rouse to action; to excite to excess; to inflame, as the passions. A noble emulation heats your breast. Dryden. Heat Heat, v. i. 1. To grow warm or not by the action of fire or friction, etc., or the communication of heat; as, the iron or the water heats slow. 2. To grow warm or hot by fermentation, or the development of heat by chemical action; as, green hay heats in a mow, and manure in the dunghill. Heat Heat (?), imp. & p. p. of Heat. Heated; as, the iron though heat red-hot. [Obs. or Archaic.] Shak. Heater Heat"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, heats. 2. Any contrivance or implement, as a furnace, stove, or other heated body or vessel, etc., used to impart heat to something, or to contain something to be heated. Feed heater. See under Feed. Heath Heath (?), n. [OE. heth waste land, the plant heath, AS. h; akin to D. & G. heide, Icel. hei waste land, Dan. hede, Sw. hed, Goth. haipi field, L. bucetum a cow pasture; cf. W. coed a wood, Skr. ksh field. &root;20.] 1. (Bot.) (a) A low shrub (Erica, OR Calluna, vulgaris), with minute evergreen leaves, and handsome clusters of pink flowers. It is used in Great Britain for brooms, thatch, beds for the poor, and for heating ovens. It is also called heather, and ling. (b) Also, any species of the genus Erica, of which several are European, and many more are South African, some of great beauty. See Illust. of Heather. 2. A place overgrown with heath; any cheerless tract of country overgrown with shrubs or coarse herbage. Their stately growth, though bare, Stands on the blasted heath. Milton Heath cock (Zo\'94l.), the blackcock. See Heath grouse (below). -- Heath grass (Bot.), a kind of perennial grass, of the genus Triodia (T. decumbens), growing on dry heaths. -- Heath grouse, OR Heath game (Zo\'94l.), a European grouse (Tetrao tetrix), which inhabits heats; -- called also black game, black grouse, heath poult, heath fowl, moor fowl. The male is called, heath cock, and blackcock; the female, heath hen, and gray hen. -- Heath hen. (Zo\'94l.) See Heath grouse (above). -- Heath pea (bot.), a species of bitter vetch (Lathyris macrorhizus), the tubers of which are eaten, and in Scotland are used to flavor whisky. -- Heath throstle (Zo\'94l.), a European thrush which frequents heaths; the ring ouzel. Heathclad Heath"clad` (?), a. Clad or crowned with heath. Heathen Hea"then (?; 277), n.; pl. Heathens (#) or collectively Heathen. [OE. hethen, AS. h, prop. an adj. fr. h heath, and orig., therefore, one who lives in the country or on the heaths and in the woods (cf. pagan, fr. pagus village); akin to OS. h, adj., D. heiden a heathen, G. heide, OHG. heidan, Icel. hei, adj., Sw. heden, Goth. haipn, n. fem. See Heath, and cf. Hoiden.] 1. An individual of the pagan or unbelieving nations, or those which worship idols and do not acknowledge the true God; a pagan; an idolater. 2. An irreligious person. If it is no more than a moral discourse, he may preach it and they may hear it, and yet both continue unconverted heathens. V. Knox. The heathen, as the term is used in the Scriptures, all people except the Jews; now used of all people except Christians, Jews, and Mohammedans. Ask of me, and I shall give thee the heathen for thine inheritance. Ps. ii. 8. Syn. -- Pagan; gentile. See Pagan. Heathen Hea"then (?), a. 1. Gentile; pagan; as, a heathen author. "The heathen philosopher." "All in gold, like heathen gods." Shak. 2. Barbarous; unenlightened; heathenish. 3. Irreligious; scoffing. Heathendom Hea"then*dom (?), n. [AS. h&aemac;&edh;end&omac;m.] 1. That part of the world where heathenism prevails; the heathen nations, considered collectively. 2. Heathenism. C. Kingsley. Heathenesse Hea"then*esse (?), n. [AS. h&aemac;&edh;ennes, i. e., heathenness.] Heathendom. [Obs.] Chaucer. Sir W. Scott. Heathenish Hea"then*ish, a. [AS. h&aemac;&edh;enisc.] 1. Of or pertaining to the heathen; resembling or characteristic of heathens. "Worse than heathenish crimes." Milton. 2. Rude; uncivilized; savage; cruel. South. 3. Irreligious; as, a heathenish way of living. Heathenishly Hea"then*ish"ly, adv. In a heathenish manner. Heathenishness Hea"then*ish*ness, n. The state or quality of being heathenish. "The . . . heathenishness and profaneness of most playbooks." Prynne. Heathenism Hea"then*ism (?), n. 1. The religious system or rites of a heathen nation; idolatry; paganism. 2. The manners or morals usually prevalent in a heathen country; ignorance; rudeness; barbarism. Heathenize Hea"then*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heathenized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Heathenizing (?).] To render heathen or heathenish. Firmin. Heathenness Hea"then*ness, n. [Cf. Heathenesse.] State of being heathen or like the heathen. Heathenry Hea"then*ry (?), n. 1. The state, quality, or character of the heathen. Your heathenry and your laziness. C. Kingsley. 2. Heathendom; heathen nations. Heather Heath"er (?; 277. This is the only pronunciation in Scotland), n. [See Heath.] Heath. [Scot.] Gorse and grass And heather, where his footsteps pass, The brighter seem. Longfellow. Heather bell (Bot.), one of the pretty subglobose flowers of two European kinds of heather (Erica Tetralix, and E. cinerea). Heathery Heath"er*y (?), a. Heathy; abounding in heather; of the nature of heath. Heathy Heath"y (?), a. Full of heath; abounding with heath; as, heathy land; heathy hills. Sir W. Scott. Heating Heat"ing (?), a. That heats or imparts heat; promoting warmth or heat; exciting action; stimulating; as, heating medicines or applications. Heating surface (Steam Boilers), the aggregate surface exposed to fire or to the heated products of combustion, esp. of all the plates or sheets that are exposed to water on their opposite surfaces; -- called also fire surface. Heatingly Heat"ing*ly, adv. In a heating manner; so as to make or become hot or heated. Heatless Heat"less, a. Destitute of heat; cold. Beau. & Fl. Heave Heave (?), v. t. [imp. Heaved (?), or Hove (; p. p. Heaved, Hove, formerly Hoven (; p. pr. & vb. n. Heaving.] [OE. heven, hebben, As. hebban; akin to OS. hebbian, D. heffen, OHG. heffan, hevan, G. heven, Icel. h\'84fva, Dan. h\'91ve, Goth. hafjan, L. capere to take, seize; cf. Gr. Accept, Behoof, Capacious, Forceps, haft, Receipt.] 1. To cause to move upward or onward by a lifting effort; to lift; to raise; to hoist; -- often with up; as, the wave heaved the boat on land. One heaved ahigh, to be hurled down below. Shak. NOTE: &hand; He ave, as now used, implies that the thing raised is heavy or hard to move; but formerly it was used in a less restricted sense. Here a little child I stand, Heaving up my either hand. Herrick. 2. To throw; to cast; -- obsolete, provincial, or colloquial, except in certain nautical phrases; as, to heave the lead; to heave the log. 3. To force from, or into, any position; to cause to move; also, to throw off; -- mostly used in certain nautical phrases; as, to heave the ship ahead. 4. To raise or force from the breast; to utter with effort; as, to heave a sigh. The wretched animal heaved forth such groans. Shak. 5. To cause to swell or rise, as the breast or bosom. The glittering, finny swarms That heave our friths, and crowd upon our shores. Thomson. To heave a cable short (Naut.), to haul in cable till the ship is almost perpendicularly above the anchor. -- To heave a ship ahead (Naut.), to warp her ahead when not under sail, as by means of cables. -- To heave a ship down (Naut.), to throw or lay her down on one side; to careen her. -- To heave a ship to (Naut.), to bring the ship's head to the wind, and stop her motion. -- To heave about (Naut.), to put about suddenly. -- To heave in (Naut.), to shorten (cable). -- To heave in stays (Naut.), to put a vessel on the other tack. -- To heave out a sail (Naut.), to unfurl it. -- To heave taut (Naut.), to turn a capstan, etc., till the rope becomes strained. See Taut, and Tight. -- To heave the lead (Naut.), to take soundings with lead and line. -- To heave the log. (Naut.) See Log. -- To heave up anchor (Naut.), to raise it from the bottom of the sea or elsewhere. _________________________________________________________________ Page 680 Heave Heave (?), v. i. 1. To be thrown up or raised; to rise upward, as a tower or mound. And the huge columns heave into the sky. Pope. Where heaves the turf in many a moldering heap. Gray. The heaving sods of Bunker Hill. E. Everett. 2. To rise and fall with alternate motions, as the lungs in heavy breathing, as waves in a heavy sea, as ships on the billows, as the earth when broken up by frost, etc.; to swell; to dilate; to expand; to distend; hence, to labor; to struggle. Frequent for breath his panting bosom heaves. Prior. The heaving plain of ocean. Byron. 3. To make an effort to raise, throw, or move anything; to strain to do something difficult. The Church of England had struggled and heaved at a reformation ever since Wyclif's days. Atterbury. 4. To make an effort to vomit; to retch; to vomit. To heave at. (a) To make an effort at. (b) To attack, to oppose. [Obs.] Fuller. -- To heave in sight (as a ship at sea), to come in sight; to appear. -- To heave up, to vomit. [Low] Heave Heave, n. 1. An effort to raise something, as a weight, or one's self, or to move something heavy. After many strains and heaves He got up to his saddle eaves. Hudibras. 2. An upward motion; a rising; a swell or distention, as of the breast in difficult breathing, of the waves, of the earth in an earthquake, and the like. There's matter in these sighs, these profound heaves, You must translate. Shak. None could guess whether the next heave of the earthquake would settle . . . or swallow them. Dryden. 3. (Geol.) A horizontal dislocation in a metallic lode, taking place at an intersection with another lode. Heaven Heav"en (?), n. [OE. heven, hefen, heofen, AS. heofon; akin to OS. hevan, LG. heben, heven, Icel. hifinn; of uncertain origin, cf. D. hemel, G. himmel, Icel. himmin, Goth. himins; perh. akin to, or influenced by, the root of E. heave, or from a root signifying to cover, cf. Goth. gaham to put on, clothe one's self, G. hemd shirt, and perh. E. chemise.] 1. The expanse of space surrounding the earth; esp., that which seems to be over the earth like a great arch or dome; the firmament; the sky; the place where the sun, moon, and stars appear; -- often used in the plural in this sense. I never saw the heavens so dim by day. Shak. When my eyes shall be turned to behold for the last time the sun in heaven. D. Webster. 2. The dwelling place of the Deity; the abode of bliss; the place or state of the blessed after death. Unto the God of love, high heaven's King. Spenser. It is a knell That summons thee to heaven or to hell. Shak. New thoughts of God, new hopes of Heaven. Keble. NOTE: &hand; In th is ge neral se nse heaven and its corresponding words in other languages have as various definite interpretations as there are phases of religious belief. 3. The sovereign of heaven; God; also, the assembly of the blessed, collectively; -- used variously in this sense, as in No. 2. Her prayers, whom Heaven delights to hear. Shak. The will And high permission of all-ruling Heaven. Milton. 4. Any place of supreme happiness or great comfort; perfect felicity; bliss; a sublime or exalted condition; as, a heaven of delight. "A heaven of beauty." Shak. "The brightest heaven of invention." Shak. O bed! bed! delicious bed! That heaven upon earth to the weary head! Hood. NOTE: &hand; He aven is very often used, esp. with participles, in forming compound words, most of which need no special explanation; as, heaven-appeasing, heaven-aspiring, heaven-begot, heaven-born, heaven-bred, heaven-conducted, heaven-descended, heaven-directed, heaven-exalted, heaven-given, heaven-guided, heaven-inflicted, heaven-inspired, heaven-instructed, heaven-kissing, heaven-loved, heaven-moving, heaven-protected, heaven-taught, heaven-warring, and the like. Heaven Heav"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heavened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Heavening.] To place in happiness or bliss, as if in heaven; to beatify. [R.] We are happy as the bird whose nest Is heavened in the hush of purple hills. G. Massey. Heavenize Heav"en*ize (?), v. t. To render like heaven or fit for heaven. [R.] Bp. Hall. Heavenliness Heav"en*li*ness (?), n. [From Heavenly.] The state or quality of being heavenly. Sir J. Davies. Heavenly Heav"en*ly, a. [AS. heofonic.] 1. Pertaining to, resembling, or inhabiting heaven; celestial; not earthly; as, heavenly regions; heavenly music. As is the heavenly, such are they also that are heavenly. 1 Cor. xv. 48. 2. Appropriate to heaven in character or happiness; perfect; pure; supremely blessed; as, a heavenly race; the heavenly, throng. The love of heaven makes one heavenly. Sir P. Sidney. Heavenly Heav"en*ly, adv. 1. In a manner resembling that of heaven. "She was heavenly true." Shak. 2. By the influence or agency of heaven. Out heavenly guided soul shall climb. Milton. Heavenlyminded Heav"en*ly*mind`ed (?), a. Having the thoughts and affections placed on, or suitable for, heaven and heavenly objects; devout; godly; pious. Milner. -- Heav"en*ly*mind`ed*ness, n. Heavenward Heav"en*ward (?), a & adv. Toward heaven. Heave offering Heave" of`fer*ing (?). (Jewish Antiq.) An offering or oblation heaved up or elevated before the altar, as the shoulder of the peace offering. See Wave offering. <-- sic!? --> Ex. xxix. 27. Heaver Heav"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, heaves or lifts; a laborer employed on docks in handling freight; as, a coal heaver. 2. (Naut.) A bar used as a lever. Totten. Heaves Heaves (?), n. A disease of horses, characterized by difficult breathing, with heaving of the flank, wheezing, flatulency, and a peculiar cough; broken wind. Heavily Heav"i*ly (?), adv. [From 2d Heavy.] 1. In a heavy manner; with great weight; as, to bear heavily on a thing; to be heavily loaded. Heavily interested in those schemes of emigration. The Century. 2. As if burdened with a great weight; slowly and laboriously; with difficulty; hence, in a slow, difficult, or suffering manner; sorrowfully. And took off their chariot wheels, that they drave them heavily. Ex. xiv. 25. Why looks your grace so heavily to-day? Shak. Heaviness Heav"i*ness, n. The state or quality of being heavy in its various senses; weight; sadness; sluggishness; oppression; thickness. Heaving Heav"ing (?), n. A lifting or rising; a swell; a panting or deep sighing. Addison. Shak. Heavisome Heav"i*some (?), a. Heavy; dull. [Prov.] Heavy Heav"y (?), a. Having the heaves. Heavy Heav"y (?), a. [Compar. Heavier (?); superl. Heaviest.] [OE. hevi, AS. hefig, fr. hebban to lift, heave; akin to OHG. hebig, hevig, Icel. h\'94figr, h\'94fugr. See Heave.] 1. Heaved or lifted with labor; not light; weighty; ponderous; as, a heavy stone; hence, sometimes, large in extent, quantity, or effects; as, a heavy fall of rain or snow; a heavy failure; heavy business transactions, etc.; often implying strength; as, a heavy barrier; also, difficult to move; as, a heavy draught. 2. Not easy to bear; burdensome; oppressive; hard to endure or accomplish; hence, grievous, afflictive; as, heavy yokes, expenses, undertakings, trials, news, etc. The hand of the Lord was heavy upon them of Ashdod. 1 Sam. v. 6. The king himself hath a heavy reckoning to make. Shak. Sent hither to impart the heavy news. Wordsworth. Trust him not in matter of heavy consequence. Shak. 3. Laden with that which is weighty; encumbered; burdened; bowed down, either with an actual burden, or with care, grief, pain, disappointment. The heavy [sorrowing] nobles all in council were. Chapman. A light wife doth make a heavy husband. Shak. 4. Slow; sluggish; inactive; or lifeless, dull, inanimate, stupid; as, a heavy gait, looks, manners, style, and the like; a heavy writer or book. Whilst the heavy plowman snores. Shak. Of a heavy, dull, degenerate mind. Dryden. Neither [is] his ear heavy, that it can not hear. Is. lix. 1. 5. Strong; violent; forcible; as, a heavy sea, storm, cannonade, and the like. 6. Loud; deep; -- said of sound; as, heavy thunder. But, hark! that heavy sound breaks in once more. Byron. 7. Dark with clouds, or ready to rain; gloomy; -- said of the sky. 8. Impeding motion; cloggy; clayey; -- said of earth; as, a heavy road, soil, and the like. 9. Not raised or made light; as, heavy bread. 10. Not agreeable to, or suitable for, the stomach; not easily digested; -- said of food. 11. Having much body or strength; -- said of wines, or other liquors. 12. With child; pregnant. [R.] Heavy artillery. (Mil.) (a) Guns of great weight or large caliber, esp. siege, garrison, and seacoast guns. (b) Troops which serve heavy guns. -- Heavy cavalry. See under Cavalry. -- Heavy fire (Mil.), a continuous or destructive cannonading, or discharge of small arms. -- Heavy metal (Mil.), large guns carrying balls of a large size; also, large balls for such guns.<-- a type of rock music (1970's), with a hard beat, amplified electronically --> -- Heavy metals. (Chem.) See under Metal. -- Heavy weight, in wrestling, boxing, etc., a term applied to the heaviest of the classes into which contestants are divided. Cf. Feather weight (c), under Feather. NOTE: &hand; He avy is used in composition to form many words which need no special explanation; as, heavy-built, heavy-browed, heavy-gaited, etc. Heavy Heav"y, adv. Heavily; -- sometimes used in composition; as, heavy-laden. Heavy Heav"y, v. t. To make heavy. [Obs.] Wyclif. Heavy-armed Heav"y-armed` (?), a. (Mil.) Wearing heavy or complete armor; carrying heavy arms. Heavy-haded Heav"y-had"ed (?), a. Clumsy; awkward. Heavy-headed Heav"y-head"ed (?), a. Dull; stupid. "Gross heavy-headed fellows." Beau. & Fl. Heavy spar Heav"y spar` (?). (Min.) Native barium sulphate or barite, -- so called because of its high specific gravity as compared with other non-metallic minerals. Hebdomad Heb"do*mad (?), n. [L. hebdomas, -adis, Gr. "ebdoma`s the number seven days, fr. Seven.] A week; a period of seven days. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Hebdomadal, Hebdomadary Heb*dom"a*dal (?), Heb*dom"a*da*ry (?), a. [L. hebdomadalis, LL. hebdomadarius: cf. F. hebdomadaire.] Consisting of seven days, or occurring at intervals of seven days; weekly. Hebdomadally Heb*dom"a*dal*ly (?), adv. In periods of seven days; weekly. Lowell. Hebdomadary Heb*dom"a*da*ry (?), n. [LL. hebdomadarius: cf. F. hebdomadier.] (R. C. Ch.) A member of a chapter or convent, whose week it is to officiate in the choir, and perform other services, which, on extraordinary occasions, are performed by the superiors. Hebdomatical Heb`do*mat"ic*al (?), a. [L. hebdomaticus, Gr. Weekly; hebdomadal. [Obs.] Hebe He"be (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. "h`bh youth, "H`bh Hebe.] 1. (Class. Myth.) The goddess of youth, daughter of Jupiter and Juno. She was believed to have the power of restoring youth and beauty to those who had lost them. 2. (Zo\'94l.) An African ape; the hamadryas. Heben Heb"en (?), n. Ebony. [Obs.] Spenser. Hebenon Heb"e*non (?), n. See Henbane. [Obs.] Shak. Hebetate Heb"e*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hebetated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hebetating.] [L. hebetatus, p. p. of hebetare to dull. See Hebete.] To render obtuse; to dull; to blunt; to stupefy; as, to hebetate the intellectual faculties. Southey Hebetate Heb"e*tate (?), a. 1. Obtuse; dull. 2. (Bot.) Having a dull or blunt and soft point. Gray. Hebetation Heb`e*ta"tion (?), n. [L. hebetatio: cf. F. h\'82b\'82tation.] 1. The act of making blunt, dull, or stupid. 2. The state of being blunted or dulled. Hebete He*bete" (?), a. [L. hebes, hebetis, dull, stupid, fr. hebere to be dull.] Dull; stupid. [Obs.] Hebetude Heb"e*tude (?), n. [L. hebetudo.] Dullness; stupidity. Harvey. Hebraic He"bra"ic (?), a. [L. Hebraicus, Gr. hebra\'8bque. See Hebrew.] Of or pertaining to the Hebrews, or to the language of the Hebrews. Hebraically He*bra"ic*al*ly (?), adv. After the manner of the Hebrews or of the Hebrew language. Hebraism He"bra*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. h\'82bra\'8bsme.] 1. A Hebrew idiom or custom; a peculiar expression or manner of speaking in the Hebrew language. Addison. 2. The type of character of the Hebrews. The governing idea of Hebraism is strictness of conscience. M. Arnold. Hebraist He"bra*ist, n. [Cf. F. h\'82bra\'8bste.] One versed in the Hebrew language and learning. Hebraistic He`bra*is"tic (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, the Hebrew language or idiom. Hebraistically He`bra*is"tic*al*ly (?), adv. In a Hebraistic sense or form. Which is Hebraistically used in the New Testament. Kitto. Hebraize He"bra*ize (?), v. t. [Gr. h\'82bra\'8bser.] To convert into the Hebrew idiom; to make Hebrew or Hebraistic. J. R. Smith. Hebraize He"bra*ize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hebraized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hebraizing.] To speak Hebrew, or to conform to the Hebrew idiom, or to Hebrew customs. Hebrew He"brew (?), n. [F. H\'82breu, L. Hebraeus, Gr. 'ibhr\'c6.] 1. An appellative of Abraham or of one of his descendants, esp. in the line of Jacob; an Israelite; a Jew. There came one that had escaped and told Abram the Hebrew. Gen. xiv. 13. 2. The language of the Hebrews; -- one of the Semitic family of languages. Hebrew He"brew, a. Of or pertaining to the Hebrews; as, the Hebrew language or rites. Hebrewess He"brew*ess, n. An Israelitish woman. Hebrician He*bri"cian (?), n. A Hebraist. [R.] Hebridean, Hebridian He*brid"e*an (?), He*brid"i*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the islands called Hebrides, west of Scotland. -- n. A native or inhabitant of the Hebrides. Hecatomb Hec"a*tomb (?), n. [L. hecatombe, Gr. h\'82catombe.] (Antiq.) A sacrifice of a hundred oxen or cattle at the same time; hence, the sacrifice or slaughter of any large number of victims. Slaughtered hecatombs around them bleed. Addison. More than a human hecatomb. Byron. Hecatompedon Hec`a*tom"pe*don (?), n. [Gr. (Arch.) A name given to the old Parthenon at Athens, because measuring 100 Greek feet, probably in the width across the stylobate. Hecdecane Hec"de*cane (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A white, semisolid, spermaceti-like hydrocarbon, C16H34, of the paraffin series, found dissolved as an important ingredient of kerosene, and so called because each molecule has sixteen atoms of carbon; -- called also hexadecane. Heck Heck (?), n. [See Hatch a half door.] [Written also hack.] 1. The bolt or latch of a door. [Prov. Eng.] 2. A rack for cattle to feed at. [Prov. Eng.] 3. A door, especially one partly of latticework; -- called also heck door. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 4. A latticework contrivance for catching fish. 5. (Weaving) An apparatus for separating the threads of warps into sets, as they are wound upon the reel from the bobbins, in a warping machine. 6. A bend or winding of a stream. [Prov. Eng.] Half heck, the lower half of a door. -- Heck board, the loose board at the bottom or back of a cart. -- Heck box OR frame, that which carries the heck in warping. Heckimal Heck"i*mal (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European blue titmouse (Parus c\'d2ruleus). [Written also heckimel, hackeymal, hackmall, hagmall, and hickmall.] Heckle Hec"kle (?), n. & v. t. Same as Hackle. Hectare Hec"tare` (?), n. [F., fr. Gr. are an are.] A measure of area, or superficies, containing a hundred ares, or 10,000 square meters, and equivalent to 2.471 acres. Hectic Hec"tic (?), a. [F. hectique, Gr. sah to overpower, endure; cf. AS. sige, sigor, victory, G. sieg, Goth. sigis. Cf. Scheme.] 1. Habitual; constitutional; pertaining especially to slow waste of animal tissue, as in consumption; as, a hectic type in disease; a hectic flush. 2. In a hectic condition; having hectic fever; consumptive; as, a hectic patient. Hectic fever (Med.), a fever of irritation and debility, occurring usually at a advanced stage of exhausting disease, as a in pulmonary consumption. Hectic Hec"tic, n. 1. (Med.) Hectic fever. 2. A hectic flush. It is no living hue, but a strange hectic. Byron. _________________________________________________________________ Page 681 Hectocotylized Hec`to*cot"y*lized (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Changed into a hectocotylus; having a hectocotylis. Hectocotylus Hec`to*cot"y*lus (?), n.; pl. Hectocotyli (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the arms of the male of most kinds of cephalopods, which is specially modified in various ways to effect the fertilization of the eggs. In a special sense, the greatly modified arm of Argonauta and allied genera, which, after receiving the spermatophores, becomes detached from the male, and attaches itself to the female for reproductive purposes. Hectogram Hec"to*gram (?), n. [F. hectogramme, fr. Gr. gramme a gram.] A measure of weight, containing a hundred grams, or about 3.527 ounces avoirdupois. Hectogramme Hec"to*gramme (?), n. [F.] The same as Hectogram. Hectograph Hec"to*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph.] A contrivance for multiple copying, by means of a surface of gelatin softened with glycerin. [Written also hectograph.] Hectoliter, Hectolitre Hec"to*li`ter, Hec"to*li`tre (?), n. [F. hectolitre, fr. Gr. litre a liter.] A measure of liquids, containing a hundred liters; equal to a tenth of a cubic meter, nearly 26 gallons of wine measure, or 22.0097 imperial gallons. As a dry measure, it contains ten decaliters, or about 2 Winchester bushels. Hectometer, Hectometre Hec"to*me`ter, Hec"to*me`tre (?), n. [F. hectom\'8atre, fr. Gr. m\'8atre a meter.] A measure of length, equal to a hundred meters. It is equivalent to 328.09 feet. Hector Hec"tor (?), n. [From the Trojan warrior Hector, the son of Priam.] A bully; a blustering, turbulent, insolent, fellow; one who vexes or provokes. Hector Hec"tor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hectored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hectoring.] To treat with insolence; to threaten; to bully; hence, to torment by words; to tease; to taunt; to worry or irritate by bullying. Dryden. Hector Hec"tor, v. i. To play the bully; to bluster; to be turbulent or insolent. Swift. Hectorism Hec"to*rism (?), n. The disposition or the practice of a hector; a bullying. [R.] Hectorly Hec"tor*ly, a. Resembling a hector; blustering; insolent; taunting. "Hectorly, ruffianlike swaggering or huffing." Barrow. Hectostere Hec"to*stere (?), n. [F. hectost\'8are; Gr. st\'8are.] A measure of solidity, containing one hundred cubic meters, and equivalent to 3531.66 English or 3531.05 United States cubic feet. Heddle Hed"dle (?), n.; pl. Heddles (#). [Cf. Heald.] (Weaving) One of the sets of parallel doubled threads which, with mounting, compose the harness employed to guide the warp threads to the lathe or batten in a loom. Heddle Hed"dle, v. t. To draw (the warp thread) through the heddle-eyes, in weaving. Heddle-eye Hed"dle-eye` (?), n. (Weaving) The eye or loop formed in each heddle to receive a warp thread. Heddling Hed"dling (?), vb. n. The act of drawing the warp threads through the heddle-eyes of a weaver's harness; the harness itself. Knight. Hederaceous Hed`er*a"ceous (?), a. [L. hederaceus, fr. hedera ivy.] Of, pertaining to, or resembling, ivy. Hederal Hed"er*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to ivy. Hederic He*der"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, the ivy (Hedera); as, hederic acid, an acid of the acetylene series. Hederiferous Hed`er*if"er*ous (?), a. [L. hedera ivy + -ferous.] Producing ivy; ivy-bearing. Hederose Hed"er*ose` (?), a. [L. hederosus, fr. hedera ivy.] Pertaining to, or of, ivy; full of ivy. Hedge Hedge (?), n. [OE. hegge, AS. hecg; akin to haga an inclosure, E. haw, AS. hege hedge, E. haybote, D. hegge, OHG. hegga, G. hecke. &root;12. See Haw a hedge.] A thicket of bushes, usually thorn bushes; especially, such a thicket planted as a fence between any two portions of land; and also any sort of shrubbery, as evergreens, planted in a line or as a fence; particularly, such a thicket planted round a field to fence it, or in rows to separate the parts of a garden. The roughest berry on the rudest hedge. Shak. Through the verdant maze Of sweetbrier hedges I pursue my walk. Thomson. NOTE: &hand; He dge, when used adjectively or in composition, often means rustic, outlandish, illiterate, poor, or mean; as, hedge priest; hedgeborn, etc. Hedge bells, Hedge bindweed (Bot.), a climbing plant related to the morning-glory (Convolvulus sepium). -- Hedge bill, a long-handled billhook. -- Hedge garlic (Bot.), a plant of the genus Alliaria. See Garlic mustard, under Garlic. -- Hedge hyssop (Bot.), a bitter herb of the genus Gratiola, the leaves of which are emetic and purgative. -- Hedge marriage, a secret or clandestine marriage, especially one performed by a hedge priest. [Eng.] -- Hedge mustard (Bot.), a plant of the genus Sisymbrium, belonging to the Mustard family. -- Hedge nettle (Bot.), an herb, or under shrub, of the genus Stachys, belonging to the Mint family. It has a nettlelike appearance, though quite harmless. -- Hedge note. (a) The note of a hedge bird. (b) Low, contemptible writing. [Obs.] Dryden. -- Hedge priest, a poor, illiterate priest. Shak. -- Hedge school, an open-air school in the shelter of a hedge, in Ireland; a school for rustics. -- Hedge sparrow (Zo\'94l.), a European warbler (Accentor modularis) which frequents hedges. Its color is reddish brown, and ash; the wing coverts are tipped with white. Called also chanter, hedge warbler, dunnock, and doney. -- Hedge writer, an insignificant writer, or a writer of low, scurrilous stuff. [Obs.] Swift. -- To breast up a hedge. See under Breast. -- To hang in the hedge, to be at a standstill. "While the business of money hangs in the hedge." Pepys. Hedge Hedge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hedged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hedging.] 1. To inclose or separate with a hedge; to fence with a thickly set line or thicket of shrubs or small trees; as, to hedge a field or garden. 2. To obstruct, as a road, with a barrier; to hinder from progress or success; -- sometimes with up and out. I will hedge up thy way with thorns. Hos. ii. 6. Lollius Urbius . . . drew another wall . . . to hedge out incursions from the north. Milton. 3. To surround for defense; to guard; to protect; to hem (in). "England, hedged in with the main." Shak. 4. To surround so as to prevent escape. That is a law to hedge in the cuckoo. Locke. To hedge a bet, to bet upon both sides; that is, after having bet on one side, to bet also on the other, thus guarding against loss. Hedge Hedge, v. i. 1. To shelter one's self from danger, risk, duty, responsibility, etc., as if by hiding in or behind a hedge; to skulk; to slink; to shirk obligations. I myself sometimes, leaving the fear of God on the left hand and hiding mine honor in my necessity, am fain to shuffle, to hedge and to lurch. Shak. 2. (Betting) To reduce the risk of a wager by making a bet against the side or chance one has bet on. 3. To use reservations and qualifications in one's speech so as to avoid committing one's self to anything definite. The Heroic Stanzas read much more like an elaborate attempt to hedge between the parties than . . . to gain favor from the Roundheads. Saintsbury. Hedgeborn Hedge"born` (?), a. Born under a hedge; of low birth. Shak. Hedgebote Hedge"bote` (?), n. (Eng. Law) Same as Haybote. Hedgehog Hedge"hog` (?), n. 1. (Zo\'94l.) A small European insectivore (Erinaceus Europ\'91us), and other allied species of Asia and Africa, having the hair on the upper part of its body mixed with prickles or spines. It is able to roll itself into a ball so as to present the spines outwardly in every direction. It is nocturnal in its habits, feeding chiefly upon insects. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The Canadian porcupine.[U.S] 3. (Bot.) A species of Medicago (M. intertexta), the pods of which are armed with short spines; -- popularly so called. Loudon. 4. A form of dredging machine. Knight. Hedgehog caterpillar (Zo\'94l.), the hairy larv\'91 of several species of bombycid moths, as of the Isabella moth. It curls up like a hedgehog when disturbed. See Woolly bear, and Isabella moth. -- Hedgehog fish (Zo\'94l.), any spinose plectognath fish, esp. of the genus Diodon; the porcupine fish. -- Hedgehog grass (Bot.), a grass with spiny involucres, growing on sandy shores; burgrass (Cenchrus tribuloides). -- Hedgehog rat (Zo\'94l.), one of several West Indian rodents, allied to the porcupines, but with ratlike tails, and few quills, or only stiff bristles. The hedgehog rats belong to Capromys, Plagiodon, and allied genera. -- Hedgehog shell (Zo\'94l.), any spinose, marine, univalve shell of the genus Murex. -- Hedgehog thistle (Bot.), a plant of the Cactus family, globular in form, and covered with spines (Echinocactus). -- Sea hedgehog. See Diodon. Hedgeless Hedge"less, a. Having no hedge. Hedgepig Hedge"pig` (?), n. A young hedgehog. Shak. Hedger Hedg"er (?), n. One who makes or mends hedges; also, one who hedges, as, in betting. Hedgerow Hedge"row` (?), n. A row of shrubs, or trees, planted for inclosure or separation of fields. By hedgerow elms and hillocks green. Milton. Hedging bill Hedg"ing bill` (?). A hedge bill. See under Hedge. Hedonic He*don"ic (?), a. [Gr. 1. Pertaining to pleasure. 2. Of or relating to Hedonism or the Hedonic sect. Hedonistic Hed`o*nis"tic (?), a. Same as Hedonic, 2. Heed Heed (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heeded; p. pr. & vb. n. Heeding.] [OE. heden, AS. h; akin to OS. hdian, D. hoeden, Fries. hoda, OHG. huoten, G. h\'81ten, Dan. hytte.Hood.] To mind; to regard with care; to take notice of; to attend to; to observe. With pleasure Argus the musician heeds. Dryden. Syn. -- To notice; regard; mind. See Attend, v. t. Heed Heed, v. i. To mind; to consider. Heed Heed, n. 1. Attention; notice; observation; regard; -- often with give or take. With wanton heed and giddy cunning. Milton. Amasa took no heed to the sword that was in Joab's hand. 2 Sam. xx. 10. Birds give more heed and mark words more than beasts. Bacon. 2. Careful consideration; obedient regard. Therefore we ought to give the more earnest heed to the things which we have heard. Heb. ii. 1. 3. A look or expression of heading. [R.] He did it with a serious mind; a heed Was in his countenance. Shak. Heedful Heed"ful (?), a. Full of heed; regarding with care; cautious; circumspect; attentive; vigilant. Shak. -- Heed"ful*ly, adv. -- Heed"ful*ness, n. Heedless Heed"less, a. Without heed or care; inattentive; careless; thoughtless; unobservant. O, negligent and heedless discipline! Shak. The heedless lover does not know Whose eyes they are that wound him so. Waller. -- Heed"less*ly, adv. -- Heed"less*ness, n. Heedy Heed"y (?), a. Heedful. [Obs.] "Heedy shepherds." Spenser. -- Heed"i*ly (#), adv. [Obs.] -- Heed"i*ness, n. [Obs.] Spenser. Heel Heel (?), v. i. [OE. helden to lean, incline, AS. heldan, hyldan; akin to Icel. halla, Dan. helde, Sw. h\'84lla to tilt, pour, and perh. to E. hill.] (Naut.) To lean or tip to one side, as a ship; as, the ship heels aport; the boat heeled over when the squall struck it. Heeling error (Naut.), a deviation of the compass caused by the heeling of an iron vessel to one side or the other. Heel Heel, n. [OE. hele, heele, AS. h&emac;la, perh. for h&omac;hila, fr. AS. h&emac;h heel (cf. Hough); but cf. D. hiel, OFries. heila, h, Icel. h\'91ll, Dan. h\'91l, Sw. h\'84l, and L. calx. &root;12. Cf. Inculcate.] 1. The hinder part of the foot; sometimes, the whole foot; -- in man or quadrupeds. He [the stag] calls to mind his strength and then his speed, His winged heels and then his armed head. Denham. 2. The hinder part of any covering for the foot, as of a shoe, sock, etc.; specif., a solid part projecting downward from the hinder part of the sole of a boot or shoe. 3. The latter or remaining part of anything; the closing or concluding part. "The heel of a hunt." A. Trollope. "The heel of the white loaf." Sir W. Scott. 4. Anything regarded as like a human heel in shape; a protuberance; a knob. 5. The part of a thing corresponding in position to the human heel; the lower part, or part on which a thing rests; especially: (a) (Naut.) The after end of a ship's keel. (b) (Naut.) The lower end of a mast, a boom, the bowsprit, the sternpost, etc. (c) (Mil.) In a small arm, the corner of the but which is upwards in the firing position. (d) (Mil.) The uppermost part of the blade of a sword, next to the hilt. (e) The part of any tool next the tang or handle; as, the heel of a scythe. 6. (Man.) Management by the heel, especially the spurred heel; as, the horse understands the heel well. 7. (Arch.) (a) The lower end of a timber in a frame, as a post or rafter. In the United States, specif., the obtuse angle of the lower end of a rafter set sloping. (b) A cyma reversa; -- so called by workmen. Gwilt. Heel chain (Naut.), a chain passing from the bowsprit cap around the heel of the jib boom. -- Heel plate, the butt plate of a gun. -- Heel of a rafter. (Arch.) See Heel, n., 7. -- Heel ring, a ring for fastening a scythe blade to the snath. -- Neck and heels, the whole body. (Colloq.) -- To be at the heels of, to pursue closely; to follow hard: as, hungry want is at my heels. Otway. -- To be down at the heel, to be slovenly or in a poor plight. -- To be out at the heels, to have on stockings that are worn out; hence, to be shabby, or in a poor plight. Shak. -- To cool the heels. See under Cool. -- To go heels over head, to turn over so as to bring the heels uppermost; hence, to move in a inconsiderate, or rash, manner. -- To have the heels of, to outrun. -- To lay by the heels, to fetter; to shackle; to imprison. Shak. Addison. -- To show the heels, to flee; to run from. -- To take to the heels, to flee; to betake to flight. -- To throw up another's heels, to trip him. Bunyan. -- To tread upon one's heels, to follow closely. Shak. Heel Heel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heeled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Heeling.] 1. To perform by the use of the heels, as in dancing, running, and the like. [R.] I cannot sing, Nor heel the high lavolt. Shak. 2. To add a heel to; as, to heel a shoe. 3. To arm with a gaff, as a cock for fighting. Heelball Heel"ball` (?), n. A composition of wax and lampblack, used by shoemakers for polishing, and by antiquaries in copying inscriptions. Heeler Heel"er (?), n. 1. A cock that strikes well with his heels or spurs. 2. A dependent and subservient hanger-on of a political patron. [Political Cant, U. S.] The army of hungry heelers who do their bidding. The Century. Heelless Heel"less, a. Without a heel. Heelpiece Heel"piece` (?), n. 1. A piece of armor to protect the heels. Chesterfield. 2. A piece of leather fixed on the heel of a shoe. 3. The end. "The heelpiece of his book." Lloyd. Heelpost Heel"post` (?), n. 1. (Naut.) The post supporting the outer end of a propeller shaft. 2. (Carp.) The post to which a gate or door is hinged. 3. (Engineering) The quoin post of a lock gate. Heelspur Heel"spur` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A slender bony or cartilaginous process developed from the heel bone of bats. It helps to support the wing membranes. See Illust. of Cheiropter. Heeltap Heel"tap` (?), n. 1. One of the segments of leather in the heel of a shoe. 2. A small portion of liquor left in a glass after drinking. "Bumpers around and no heeltaps." Sheridan. Heeltap Heel"tap`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heeltapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Heeltapping.] To add a piece of leather to the heel of (a shoe, boot, etc.) Heeltool Heel"tool` (?), n. A tool used by turners in metal, having a bend forming a heel near the cutting end. Heep Heep (?), n. The hip of the dog-rose. [Obs.] Heer Heer (?), n.[Etymol. uncertain.] A yarn measure of six hundred yards or Spindle. Heer Heer, n. [See Hair.] Hair. [Obs.] Chaucer. _________________________________________________________________ Page 682 Heft Heft (?), n. Same as Haft, n. [Obs.] Waller. Heft Heft, n. [From Heave: cf. hefe weight. Cf. Haft.] 1. The act or effort of heaving [Obs.] He craks his gorge, his sides, With violent hefts. Shak. 2. Weight; ponderousness. [Colloq.] A man of his age and heft. T. Hughes. 3. The greater part or bulk of anything; as, the heft of the crop was spoiled. [Colloq. U. S.] J. Pickering. Heft Heft, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hefted (Heft, obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Hefting.] 1. To heave up; to raise aloft. Inflamed with wrath, his raging blade he heft. Spenser. 2. To prove or try the weight of by raising. [Colloq.] Hefty Heft"y, a. Moderately heavy. [Colloq. U. S.] Hegelian He*ge"li*an (?; 106), a. Pertaining to Hegelianism. -- n. A follower of Hegel. Hegelianism, Hegelism He*ge"li*an*ism (?), He"gel*ism (?), n. The system of logic and philosophy set forth by Hegel, a German writer (1770-1831). Hegemonic, Hegemonical Heg`e*mon"ic (?), Heg`e*mon"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Hegemony.] Leading; controlling; ruling; predominant. "Princelike and hegemonical." Fotherby. Hegemony He*gem`o*ny (?), n. [Gr. Leadership; preponderant influence or authority; -- usually applied to the relation of a government or state to its neighbors or confederates. Lieber. Hegge Heg"ge (?), n. A hedge. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hegira He*gi"ra (?; 277), n. [Written also hejira.] [Ar. hijrah flight.] The flight of Mohammed from Mecca, September 13, A. D. 622 (subsequently established as the first year of the Moslem era); hence, any flight or exodus regarded as like that of Mohammed. NOTE: &hand; Th e st arting point of the Era was made to begin, not from the date of the flight, but from the first day of the Arabic year, which corresponds to July 16, A. D. 622. Heifer Heif"er (?), n. [OE. hayfare, AS. he\'a0hfore, he\'a0fore; the second part of this word seems akin to AS. fearr bull, ox; akin to OHG. farro, G. farre, D. vaars, heifer, G. f\'84rse, and perh. to Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A young cow. Heigh-ho Heigh"-ho (h&imac;"-h&omac;), interj. An exclamation of surprise, joy, dejection, uneasiness, weariness, etc. Shak. Height Height (?), n. [Written also hight.] [OE. heighte, heght, heighthe, AS. he\'a0h, fr. heah high; akin to D. hoogte, Sw. h\'94jd, Dan. h\'94ide, Icel. h\'91, Goth. hauhipa. See High.] 1. The condition of being high; elevated position. Behold the height of the stars, how high they are! Job xxii. 12. 2. The distance to which anything rises above its foot, above that on which in stands, above the earth, or above the level of the sea; altitude; the measure upward from a surface, as the floor or the ground, of animal, especially of a man; stature. Bacon. [Goliath's] height was six cubits and a span. 1 Sam. xvii. 4. 3. Degree of latitude either north or south. [Obs.] Guinea lieth to the north sea, in the same height as Peru to the south. Abp. Abbot. 4. That which is elevated; an eminence; a hill or mountain; as, Alpine heights. Dryden. 5. Elevation in excellence of any kind, as in power, learning, arts; also, an advanced degree of social rank; pre\'89minence or distinction in society; prominence. Measure your mind's height by the shade it casts. R. Browning. All would in his power hold, all make his subjects. Chapman. 6. Progress toward eminence; grade; degree. Social duties are carried to greater heights, and enforced with stronger motives by the principles of our religion. Addison. 7. Utmost degree in extent; extreme limit of energy or condition; as, the height of a fever, of passion, of madness, of folly; the height of a tempest. My grief was at the height before thou camest. Shak. On height, aloud. [Obs.] [He] spake these same words, all on hight. Chaucer. Heighten Height"en (h&imac;t"'n), v. t. [Written also highten.] [imp. & p. p. Heightened (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Heightening.] 1. To make high; to raise higher; to elevate. 2. To carry forward; to advance; to increase; to augment; to aggravate; to intensify; to render more conspicuous; -- used of things, good or bad; as, to heighten beauty; to heighten a flavor or a tint. "To heighten our confusion." Addison. An aspect of mystery which was easily heightened to the miraculous. Hawthorne. Heightener Height"en*er (?), n. [Written also hightener.] One who, or that which, heightens. Heinous Hei"nous (?), a. [OF. ha\'8bnos hateful, F. haineux, fr. OF. ha\'8bne hate, F. haine, fr. ha\'8br to hate; of German origin. See Hate.] Hateful; hatefully bad; flagrant; odious; atrocious; giving great great offense; -- applied to deeds or to character. It were most heinous and accursed sacrilege. Hooker. How heinous had the fact been, how deserving Contempt! Milton. Syn. -- Monstrous; flagrant; flagitious; atrocious. -- Hei"nous*ly, adv. -- Hei"nous*ness, n. Heir Heir (?), n. [OE. heir, eir, hair, OF. heir, eir, F. hoir, L. heres; of uncertain origin. Cf. Hereditary, Heritage.] 1. One who inherits, or is entitled to succeed to the possession of, any property after the death of its owner; one on whom the law bestows the title or property of another at the death of the latter. I am my father's heir and only son. Shak. 2. One who receives any endowment from an ancestor or relation; as, the heir of one's reputation or virtues. And I his heir in misery alone. Pope. Heir apparent. (Law.) See under Apparent. -- Heir at law, one who, after his ancector's death, has a right to inherit all his intestate estate. Wharton (Law Dict.). -- Heir presumptive, one who, if the ancestor should die immediately, would be his heir, but whose right to the inheritance may be defeated by the birth of a nearer relative, or by some other contingency. Heir Heir (?), v. t. To inherit; to succeed to. [R.] One only daughter heired the royal state. Dryden. Heirdom Heir"dom (?), n. The state of an heir; succession by inheritance. Burke. Heiress Heir"ess, n, A female heir. Heirless Heir"less a. Destitute of an heir. Shak. Heirloom Heir"loom` (?), n. [Heir + loom, in its earlier sense of implement, tool. See Loom the frame.] Any furniture, movable, or personal chattel, which by law or special custom descends to the heir along with the inheritance; any piece of personal property that has been in a family for several generations. Woe to him whose daring hand profanes The honored heirlooms of his ancestors. Moir. Heirship Heir"ship (?), n. The state, character, or privileges of an heir; right of inheriting. Heirship movables, certain kinds of movables which the heir is entitled to take, besides the heritable estate. [Scot.] Hejira He*ji"ra (?), n. See Hegira. Hektare, Hektogram, Hektoliter, AND Hektometer Hek"tare`, Hek"to*gram, Hek"to*li`ter, AND Hek"to*me`ter, n. Same as Hectare, Hectogram, Hectoliter, and Hectometer. Hektograph Hek"to*graph (?), n. See Hectograph. Helamys Hel*a*mys (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) See Jumping hare, under Hare. Helcoplasty Hel"co*plas`ty (?), n. [Gr. -plasty.] (Med.) The act or process of repairing lesions made by ulcers, especially by a plastic operation. Held Held (?), imp. & p. p. of Hold. Hele Hele (?), n. [See Heal, n.] Health; welfare. [Obs.] "In joy and perfyt hele." Chaucer. Hele Hele, v. t. [AS. helan, akin to D. helen, OHG. helan, G. hehlen, L. celare. &root;17. See Hell, and cf. Conceal.] To hide; to cover; to roof. [Obs.] Hide and hele things. Chaucer. Helena Hel"e*na (?), n. [L.: cf. Sp. helena.] See St. Elmo's fire, under Saint. Helenin Hel"e*nin (?), n. (Chem.) A neutral organic substance found in the root of the elecampane (Inula helenium), and extracted as a white crystalline or oily material, with a slightly bitter taste. <-- used to induce interferon -- contains RNA --> Heliac He"li*ac (?), a. Heliacal. Heliacal He*li"a*cal (?), a. [Gr. h\'82liaque.] (Astron.) Emerging from the light of the sun, or passing into it; rising or setting at the same, or nearly the same, time as the sun. Sir T. Browne. NOTE: &hand; Th e heliacal rising of a star is when, after being in conjunction with the sun, and invisible, it emerges from the light so as to be visible in the morning before sunrising. On the contrary, the heliacal setting of a star is when the sun approaches conjunction so near as to render the star invisible. Heliacally He*li"a*cal*ly, adv. In a heliacal manner. De Quincey. Helianthin He`li*an"thin (?), n. [Prob. fr. L. helianthes, or NL. helianthus, sunflower, in allusion to its color.] (Chem.) An artificial, orange dyestuff, analogous to tropaolin, and like it used as an indicator in alkalimetry; -- called also methyl orange. Helianthoid He`li*an"thoid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Helianthoidea. Helianthoidea He`li*an"thoi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. helianthes sunflower + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Anthozoa; the Actinaria. Helical Hel"i*cal (?), a. [From Helix.] Of or pertaining to, or in the form of, a helix; spiral; as, a helical staircase; a helical spring. -- Hel"i*cal*ly, adv. Helichrysum Hel`i*chry"sum (, n. [L., the marigold, fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of composite plants, with shining, commonly white or yellow, or sometimes reddish, radiated involucres, which are often called "everlasting flowers." Heliciform He*lic"i*form (?), a. [Helix + -form.] Having the form of a helix; spiral. Helicin Hel"i*cin (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside obtained as a white crystalline substance by partial oxidation of salicin, from a willow (Salix Helix of Linn\'91us.) Helicine Hel"i*cine (?), a. (Anat.) Curled; spiral; helicoid; -- applied esp. to certain arteries of the penis. Hellicograph Hel"li*co*graph` (?), n. [Helix + -graph.] An instrument for drawing spiral lines on a plane. Helicoid Hel"i*coid (?), a. [Gr. h\'82lico\'8bde. See Helix.] 1. Spiral; curved, like the spire of a univalve shell. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Shaped like a snail shell; pertaining to the Helicid\'91, or Snail family. Helicoid parabola (Math.), the parabolic spiral. Helicoid Hel"i*coid, n. (Geom.) A warped surface which may be generated by a straight line moving in such a manner that every point of the line shall have a uniform motion in the direction of another fixed straight line, and at the same time a uniform angular motion about it. Helicoidal Hel`i*coid"al (?), a. Same as Helicoid. -- Hel`i*coid"al*ly, adv. Helicon Hel"i*con (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. A mountain in B\'d2otia, in Greece, supposed by the Greeks to be the residence of Apollo and the Muses. From Helicon's harmonious springs A thousand rills their mazy progress take. Gray. Heliconia Hel`i*co"ni*a (?), n. [NL. See Helicon.] (Zo\'94l.) One of numerous species of Heliconius, a genus of tropical American butterflies. The wings are usually black, marked with green, crimson, and white. Heliconian Hel`i*co"ni*an (?), a. [L. Heliconius.] 1. Of or pertaining to Helicon. "Heliconian honey." Tennyson. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the butterflies of the genus Heliconius. Helicotrema Hel`i*co"tre"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The opening by which the two scal\'91 communicate at the top of the cochlea of the ear. Helio- He"li*o- (?). A combining form from Gr. "h`lios the sun. Heliocentric, Heliocentrical He`li*o*cen"tric (?), He`li*o*cen"tric"al (?), a. [Helio- + centric, centrical: cf. F. h\'82liocentrique.] (Astron.) pertaining to the sun's center, or appearing to be seen from it; having, or relating to, the sun as a center; -- opposed to geocentrical. Heliocentric parallax. See under Parallax. -- Heliocentric place, latitude, longitude, etc. (of a heavenly body), the direction, latitude, longitude, etc., of the body as viewed from the sun. Heliochrome He"li*o*chrome (?), n. [Helio- + Gr. A photograph in colors.<-- now, just color photograph --> R. Hunt. Heliochromic He`li*o*chro"mic (?), a. Pertaining to, or produced by, heliochromy. Heliochromy He"li*o*chro`my (?), n. The art of producing photographs in color.<-- color photography? --> Heliograph He"li*o*graph (?), n. [Helio- + -graph.]ets> 1. A picture taken by heliography; a photograph. 2. An instrument for taking photographs of the sun. 3. An apparatus for telegraphing by means of the sun's rays. See Heliotrope, 3. Heliographic He`li*o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to heliography or a heliograph; made by heliography. Heliographic chart. See under Chart. Heliography He`li*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Helio- + -graphy.] Photography. R. Hunt. Heliogravure He`li*o*grav"ure (?), n. [F. h\'82liogravure.] The process of photographic engraving. Heliolater He`li*ol"a*ter (?), n. [Helio- + Gr. A worshiper of the sun. Heliolatry He`li*ol"a*try (?), n. [Helio- + Gr. Sun worship. See Sabianism. Heliolite He"li*o*lite (?), n. [Helio- + -lite.] (Paleon.) A fossil coral of the genus Heliolites, having twelve-rayed cells. It is found in the Silurian rocks. Heliometer He`li*om"e*ter (?), n. [Helio- + -meter: cf. F. h\'82liom\'8atre.] (Astron.) An instrument devised originally for measuring the diameter of the sun; now employed for delicate measurements of the distance and relative direction of two stars too far apart to be easily measured in the field of view of an ordinary telescope. Heliometric, Heliometrical He`li*o*met"ric (?), He`li*o*met"ric*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the heliometer, or to heliometry. Heliometry He`li*om"e*try (?), n. The apart or practice of measuring the diameters of heavenly bodies, their relative distances, etc. See Heliometer. Heliopora He`li*op"o*ra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An East Indian stony coral now known to belong to the Alcyonaria; -- called also blue coral. Helioscope He"li*o*scope (?), n. [Helio- + -scope: cf. F. h\'82lioscope.] (Astron.) A telescope or instrument for viewing the sun without injury to the eyes, as through colored glasses, or with mirrors which reflect but a small portion of light. -- He`li*o*scop`ic (#), a. Heliostat He"li*o*stat (?), n. [Helio- + Gr. h\'82liostate.] An instrument consisting of a mirror moved by clockwork, by which a sunbeam is made apparently stationary, by being steadily directed to one spot during the whole of its diurnal period; also, a geodetic heliotrope. Heliotrope He"li*o*trope (?), n. [F. h\'82liotrope, L. heliotropium, Gr. Heliacal, Trope.] 1. (Anc. Astron.) An instrument or machine for showing when the sun arrived at the tropics and equinoctial line. 2. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Heliotropium; -- called also turnsole and girasole. H. Peruvianum is the commonly cultivated species with fragrant flowers. 3. (Geodesy & Signal Service) An instrument for making signals to an observer at a distance, by means of the sun's rays thrown from a mirror. 4. (Min.) See Bloodstone (a). Heliotrope purple, a grayish purple color. Heliotroper He"li*o*tro`per (?), n. The person at a geodetic station who has charge of the heliotrope. Heliotropic He`li*o*trop"ic (?), a. (Bot.) Manifesting heliotropism; turning toward the sun. Heliotropism He`li*ot"ro*pism (?), n. [Helio- + Gr. (Bot.) The phenomenon of turning toward the light, seen in many leaves and flowers. Heliotype He"li*o*type (?), n. [Helio- + -type.] A picture obtained by the process of heliotypy. Heliotypic He`li*o*typ"ic (?), a. Relating to, or obtained by, heliotypy. Heliotypy He"li*o*ty`py (?), n. A method of transferring pictures from photographic negatives to hardened gelatin plates from which impressions are produced on paper as by lithography. Heliozoa He`li*o*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of fresh-water rhizopods having a more or less globular form, with slender radiating pseudopodia; the sun animalcule. Helispheric, Helispherical Hel`i*spher"ic (?), Hel`i*spher"ic*al (, a. [Helix + spheric, spherical.] Spiral. Helispherical line (Math.). the rhomb line in navigation. [R.] Helium He"li*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Chem.) A gaseous element found in the atmospheres of the sun and earth and in some rare minerals.<-- Symbol He, atomic number 2. A noble (or rare) gas. --> _________________________________________________________________ Page 683 Helix He"lix (?), n.; pl. L. Helices (#), E. Helixes (#). [L. helix, Gr. volvere, and E. volute, voluble.] 1. (Geom.) A nonplane curve whose tangents are all equally inclined to a given plane. The common helix is the curve formed by the thread of the ordinary screw. It is distinguished from the spiral, all the convolutions of which are in the plane. 2. (Arch.) A caulicule or little volute under the abacus of the Corinthian capital. 3. (Anat.) The incurved margin or rim of the external ear. See Illust. of Ear. 4. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of land snails, including a large number of species. NOTE: &hand; Th e ge nus originally included nearly all shells, but is now greatly restricted. See Snail, Pulmonifera. Hell Hell (?), n. [AS. hell; akin to D. hel, OHG. hella, G. h\'94lle, Icel. hal, Sw. helfvete, Dan. helvede, Goth. halja, and to AS. helan to conceal. Hele, v. t., Conceal, Cell, Helmet, Hole, Occult.] 1. The place of the dead, or of souls after death; the grave; -- called in Hebrew sheol, and by the Greeks hades. He descended into hell. Book of Common Prayer. Thou wilt not leave my soul in hell. Ps. xvi. 10. 2. The place or state of punishment for the wicked after death; the abode of evil spirits. Hence, any mental torment; anguish. "Within him hell." Milton. It is a knell That summons thee to heaven or to hell. Shak. 3. A place where outcast persons or things are gathered; as: (a) A dungeon or prison; also, in certain running games, a place to which those who are caught are carried for detention. (b) A gambling house. "A convenient little gambling hell for those who had grown reckless." W. Black. (c) A place into which a tailor throws his shreds, or a printer his broken type. Hudibras. Gates of hell. (Script.) See Gate, n., 4. Hell Hell, v. t. To overwhelm. [Obs.] Spenser. Hellanodic Hel`la*nod"ic (?), n. [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A judge or umpire in games or combats. Hellbender Hell"bend`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large North American aquatic salamander (Protonopsis horrida or Menopoma Alleghaniensis). It is very voracious and very tenacious of life. Also called alligator, and water dog. Hellborn Hell"born` (?), a. Born in or of hell. Shak. Hellbred Hell`bred` (?), a. Produced in hell. Spenser. Hellbrewed Hell"brewed` (?), a. Prepared in hell. Milton. Hellbroth Hell"broth` (?), n. A composition for infernal purposes; a magical preparation. Shak. Hell-cat Hell"-cat ` (?), n. A witch; a hag. Middleton. Hell-diver Hell`-div`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The dabchick. Helldoomed Hell`doomed` (?), a. Doomed to hell. Milton. Hellebore Hel"le*bore (?), n. [L. helleborus, elleborus, Gr. hell\'82bore, ell\'82bore.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of perennial herbs (Helleborus) of the Crowfoot family, mostly having powerfully cathartic and even poisonous qualities. H. niger is the European black hellebore, or Christmas rose, blossoming in winter or earliest spring. H. officinalis was the officinal hellebore of the ancients. 2. (Bot.) Any plant of several species of the poisonous liliaceous genus Veratrum, especially V. album and V. viride, both called white hellebore. Helleborein Hel`le*bo"re*in (?), n. (Chem.) A poisonous glucoside accompanying helleborin in several species of hellebore, and extracted as a white crystalline substance with a bittersweet taste. It has a strong action on the heart, resembling digitalin. Helleborin Hel*leb"o*rin (? OR ?), n. (Chem.) A poisonous glucoside found in several species of hellebore, and extracted as a white crystalline substance with a sharp tingling taste. It possesses the essential virtues of the plant; -- called also elleborin. Helleborism Hel"le*bo*rism (?), n. The practice or theory of using hellebore as a medicine. Hellene Hel"lene (?), n. [Gr. A native of either ancient or modern Greece; a Greek. Brewer. Hellenian Hel*le"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Hellenes, or Greeks. Hellenic Hel*len"ic (?; 277), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to the Hellenes, or inhabitants of Greece; Greek; Grecian. "The Hellenic forces." Jowett (Thucyd. ). Hellenic Hel*len"ic, n. The dialect, formed with slight variations from the Attic, which prevailed among Greek writers after the time of Alexander. Hellenism Hel"len*ism (?), n. [Gr. Hell\'82nisme.] 1. A phrase or form of speech in accordance with genius and construction or idioms of the Greek language; a Grecism. Addison. 2. The type of character of the ancient Greeks, who aimed at culture, grace, and amenity, as the chief elements in human well-being and perfection. Hellenist Hel"len*ist (?), n. [Gr. Hell\'82niste.] 1. One who affiliates with Greeks, or imitates Greek manners; esp., a person of Jewish extraction who used the Greek language as his mother tongue, as did the Jews of Asia Minor, Greece, Syria, and Egypt; distinguished from the Hebraists, or native Jews (Acts vi. 1). 2. One skilled in the Greek language and literature; as, the critical Hellenist. Hellenistic, Hellenistical Hel`le*nis"tic (?), Hel`le*nis"tic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. Hell\'82nistique.] Pertaining to the Hellenists. Hellenistic language, dialect, OR idiom, the Greek spoken or used by the Jews who lived in countries where the Greek language prevailed; the Jewish-Greek dialect or idiom of the Septuagint. Hellenistically Hel`le*nis"tic*al*ly, adv. According to the Hellenistic manner or dialect. J. Gregory. Hellenize Hel"len*ize (?), v. i. [Gr. To use the Greek language; to play the Greek; to Grecize. Hellenize Hel"len*ize (?), v. t. [Gr. To give a Greek form or character to; to Grecize; as, to Hellenize a word. Hellenotype Hel*len"o*type (?), n. See Ivorytype. Hellespont Hel"les*pont (?), n. [L. Hellespontus, Gr. A narrow strait between Europe and Asia, now called the Daradanelles. It connects the \'92gean Sea and the sea of Marmora. Hellespontine Hel`les*pon"tine (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Hellespont. Mitford. Hellgamite, Hellgramite Hell"ga*mite (?), Hell"gra*mite (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The aquatic larva of a large American winged insect (Corydalus cornutus), much used a fish bait by anglers; the dobson. It belongs to the Neuroptera. Hellhag Hell"hag` (?), n. A hag of or fit for hell. Bp. Richardson. Hell-haunted Hell"-haunt`ed (, a. Haunted by devils; hellish. Dryden. Hellhound Hell"hound` (?), n. [AS. hellehund.] A dog of hell; an agent of hell. A hellhound, that doth hunt us all to death. Shak. Hellier Hel"li*er (?), n. [See Hele, v. t.] One who heles or covers; hence, a tiler, slater, or thatcher. [Obs.] [Written also heler.] Usher. Hellish Hell"ish (?), a. Of or pertaining to hell; like hell; infernal; malignant; wicked; detestable; diabolical. "Hellish hate." Milton. -- Hell"ish*ly, adv. -- Hell"ish*ness, n. Hellkite Hell"kite` (?), n. A kite of infernal breed. Shak. Hello Hel*lo" (?), interj. & n. See Halloo. Hellward Hell"ward (?), adv. Toward hell. Pope. Helly Hell"y, a. [AS. hell\'c6c.] Hellish. Anderson (1573). Helm Helm (?), n. See Haulm, straw. Helm Helm (?), n. [OE. helme, AS. helma rudder; akin to D. & G. helm, Icel. hj\'belm, and perh. to E. helve.] 1. (Naut.) The apparatus by which a ship is steered, comprising rudder, tiller, wheel, etc.; -- commonly used of the tiller or wheel alone. 2. The place or office of direction or administration. "The helm of the Commonwealth." Melmoth. 3. One at the place of direction or control; a steersman; hence, a guide; a director. The helms o' the State, who care for you like fathers. Shak. 4. [Cf. Helve.] A helve. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Helm amidships, when the tiller, rudder, and keel are in the same plane. -- Helm aport, when the tiller is borne over to the port side of the ship. -- Helm astarboard, when the tiller is borne to the starboard side. -- Helm alee, Helm aweather, when the tiller is borne over to the lee or to the weather side. -- Helm hard alee OR hard aport, hard astarboard, etc., when the tiller is borne over to the extreme limit. -- Helm port, the round hole in a vessel's counter through which the rudderstock passes. -- Helm down, helm alee. -- Helm up, helm aweather. -- To ease the helm, to let the tiller come more amidships, so as to lessen the strain on the rudder. -- To feel the helm, to obey it. -- To right the helm, to put it amidships. -- To shift the helm, to bear the tiller over to the corresponding position on the opposite side of the vessel. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Helm Helm, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Helmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Helming.] To steer; to guide; to direct. [R.] The business he hath helmed. Shak. A wild wave . . . overbears the bark, And him that helms it. Tennyson. Helm Helm, n. [AS. See Helmet.] 1. A helmet. [Poetic] 2. A heavy cloud lying on the brow of a mountain. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Helm Helm, v. t. To cover or furnish with a helm or helmet. [Perh. used only as a past part. or part. adj.] She that helmed was in starke stours. Chaucer. Helmage Helm"age (?), n. Guidance; direction. [R.] Helmed Helm"ed (?), a. Covered with a helmet. The helmed cherubim Are seen in glittering ranks. Milton. Helmet Hel"met (?), n. [OF. helmet, a dim of helme, F. heaume; of Teutonic origin; cf. G. helm, akin to AS. & OS. helm, D. helm, helmet, Icel. hj\'belmr, Sw. hjelm, Dan. hielm, Goth. hilms; and prob. from the root of AS. helan to hide, to hele; cf. also Lith. szalmas, Russ. shleme, Skr. \'87arman protection. &root;17. Cf. Hele, Hell, Helm a helmet.] 1. (Armor) A defensive covering for the head. See Casque, Headpiece, Morion, Sallet, and Illust. of Beaver. 2. (Her.) The representation of a helmet over shields or coats of arms, denoting gradations of rank by modifications of form. 3. A helmet-shaped hat, made of cork, felt, metal, or other suitable material, worn as part of the uniform of soldiers, firemen, etc., also worn in hot countries as a protection from the heat of the sun. 4. That which resembles a helmet in form, position, etc.; as: (a) (Chem.) The upper part of a retort. Boyle. (b) (Bot.) The hood-formed upper sepal or petal of some flowers, as of the monkshood or the snapdragon. (c) (Zo\'94l.) A naked shield or protuberance on the top or fore part of the head of a bird. Helmet beetle (Zo\'94l.), a leaf-eating beetle of the family Chrysomelid\'91, having a short, broad, and flattened body. Many species are known. -- Helmet shell (Zo\'94l.), one of many species of tropical marine univalve shells belonging to Cassis and allied genera. Many of them are large and handsome; several are used for cutting as cameos, and hence are called cameo shells. See King conch. -- Helmet shrike (Zo\'94l.), an African wood shrike of the genus Prionodon, having a large crest. Helmeted Hel`met*ed (?), a. Wearing a helmet; furnished with or having a helmet or helmet-shaped part; galeate. Helmet-shaped Hel"met-shaped` (, a. Shaped like a helmet; galeate. See Illust. of Galeate. Helminth Hel"minth (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An intestinal worm, or wormlike intestinal parasite; one of the Helminthes. Helminthagogue Hel*min"tha*gogue (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) A vermifuge. Helminthes Hel*min"thes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the grand divisions or branches of the animal kingdom. It is a large group including a vast number of species, most of which are parasitic. Called also Enthelminthes, Enthelmintha. NOTE: &hand; Th e fo llowing cl asses ar e included, with others of less importance: Cestoidea (tapeworms), Trematodea (flukes, etc.), Turbellaria (planarians), Acanthocephala (thornheads), Nematoidea (roundworms, trichina, gordius), Nemertina (nemerteans). See Plathelminthes, and Nemathelminthes. Helminthiasis Hel`min*thi"a*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A disease in which worms are present in some part of the body. Helminthic Hel*min"thic (?), a. [Cf. F. helminthique.] Of or relating to worms, or Helminthes; expelling worms. -- n. A vermifuge; an anthelmintic. Helminthite Hel*min"thite (?), n. [Gr. (Geol.) One of the sinuous tracks on the surfaces of many stones, and popularly considered as worm trails. Helminthoid Hel*min"thoid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] Wormlike; vermiform. Helminthologic, Helminthological Hel*min`tho*log"ic (?), Hel*min`tho*log"ic*al, a. [Cf. F. helminthologique.] Of or pertaining to helminthology. Helminthologist Hel`min*thol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. helminthologiste.] One versed in helminthology. Helminthology Hel`min*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. helminthologie.] The natural history, or study, of worms, esp. parasitic worms. Helmless Helm"less (?), a. 1. Destitute of a helmet. 2. Without a helm or rudder. Carlyle. Helmsman Helms"man (?), n.; pl. Helmsmen (. The man at the helm; a steersman. Helmwind Helm"wind` (?), n. A wind attending or presaged by the cloud called helm. [Prov. Eng.] Helot He"lot (?; 277), n. [L. Helotes, Hilotae, pl., fr. Gr. E'e`lws and E'elw`ths a bondman or serf of the Spartans; so named from 'Elos, a town of Laconia, whose inhabitants were enslaved; or perh. akin to e`lei^n to take, conquer, used as 2d aor. of A slave in ancient Sparta; a Spartan serf; hence, a slave or serf. Those unfortunates, the Helots of mankind, more or less numerous in every community. I. Taylor. Helotism He"lot*ism (?), n. The condition of the Helots or slaves in Sparta; slavery. Helotry He"lot*ry (?), n. The Helots, collectively; slaves; bondsmen. "The Helotry of Mammon." Macaulay. Help Help (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Helped (?) (Obs. imp. Holp (, p. p. Holpen (; p. pr. & vb. n. Helping.] [AS. helpan; akin to OS. helpan, D. helpen, G. helfen, OHG. helfan, Icel. hj\'belpa, Sw. hjelpa, Dan. hielpe, Goth. hilpan; cf. Lith. szelpti, and Skr. klp to be fitting.] 1. To furnish with strength or means for the successful performance of any action or the attainment of any object; to aid; to assist; as, to help a man in his work; to help one to remember; -- the following infinitive is commonly used without to; as, "Help me scale yon balcony." Longfellow. 2. To furnish with the means of deliverance from trouble; as, to help one in distress; to help one out of prison. "God help, poor souls, how idly do they talk!" Shak. 3. To furnish with relief, as in pain or disease; to be of avail against; -- sometimes with of before a word designating the pain or disease, and sometimes having such a word for the direct object. "To help him of his blindness." <-- now, in is used for that function; -- "to help him in his misery" --> Shak. The true calamus helps coughs. Gerarde. _________________________________________________________________ Page 684 4. To change for the better; to remedy. Cease to lament for what thou canst not help. Shak. 5. To prevent; to hinder; as, the evil approaches, and who can help it? Swift. 6. To forbear; to avoid. I can not help remarking the resemblance betwixt him and our author. Pope. <-- often used with "but" --> 7. To wait upon, as the guests at table, by carving and passing food. To help forward, to assist in advancing. -- To help off, to help to go or pass away, as time; to assist in removing. Locke. -- To help on, to forward; to promote by aid. -- To help out, to aid, as in delivering from a difficulty, or to aid in completing a design or task. The god of learning and of light Would want a god himself to help him out. Swift. -- To help over, to enable to surmount; as, to help one over an obstacle. -- To help to, to supply with; to furnish with; as, to help one to soup. -- To help up, to help (one) to get up; to assist in rising, as after a fall, and the like. "A man is well holp up that trusts to you." Shak. Syn. -- To aid; assist; succor; relieve; serve; support; sustain; befriend. -- To Help, Aid, Assist. These words all agree in the idea of affording relief or support to a person under difficulties. Help turns attention especially to the source of relief. If I fall into a pit, I call for help; and he who helps me out does it by an act of his own. Aid turns attention to the other side, and supposes co\'94peration on the part of him who is relieved; as, he aided me in getting out of the pit; I got out by the aid of a ladder which he brought. Assist has a primary reference to relief afforded by a person who "stands by" in order to relieve. It denotes both help and aid. Thus, we say of a person who is weak, I assisted him upstairs, or, he mounted the stairs by my assistance. When help is used as a noun, it points less distinctively and exclusively to the source of relief, or, in other words, agrees more closely with aid. Thus we say, I got out of a pit by the help of my friend. Help Help (?), v. i. To lend aid or assistance; to contribute strength or means; to avail or be of use; to assist. A generous present helps to persuade, as well as an agreeable person. Garth. To help out, to lend aid; to bring a supply. Help Help, n. [AS. help; akin to D. hulp, G. h\'81lfe, hilfe, Icel. hj\'belp, Sw. hjelp, Dan. hielp. See Help, v. t.] 1. Strength or means furnished toward promoting an object, or deliverance from difficulty or distress; aid; ^; also, the person or thing furnishing the aid; as, he gave me a help of fifty dollars. Give us help from trouble, for vain is the help of man. Ps. lx. 11. God is . . . a very present help in trouble. Ps. xlvi. 1. Virtue is a friend and a help to nature. South. 2. Remedy; relief; as, there is no help for it. 3. A helper; one hired to help another; also, thew hole force of hired helpers in any business. 4. Specifically, a domestic servant, man or woman. [Local, U. S.] Helper Help"er (?), n. One who, or that which, helps, aids, assists, or relieves; as, a lay helper in a parish. Thou art the helper of the fatherless. Ps. x. 14. Compassion . . . oftentimes a helper of evils. Dr. H. More. Helpful Help"ful (?), a. Furnishing help; giving aid; assistant; useful; salutary. Heavens make our presence and our practices Pleasant and helpful to him! Shak. -- Help"ful*ly, adv. -- Help"ful*ness, n. Milton. Helpless Help"less, a. 1. Destitute of help or strength; unable to help or defend one's self; needing help; feeble; weak; as, a helpless infant. How shall I then your helpless fame defend? Pope. 2. Beyond help; irremediable. Some helpless disagreement or dislike, either of mind or body. Milton. 3. Bringing no help; unaiding. [Obs.] Yet since the gods have been Helpless foreseers of my plagues. Chapman. 4. Unsupplied; destitute; -- with of. [R.] Helpless of all that human wants require. Dryden. -- Help"less*ly, adv. -- Help"less*ness, n. Helpmate Help"mate` (?), n. [A corruption of the "help meet for him" of Genesis ii. 18.Fitzedward Hall.] A helper; a companion; specifically, a wife. In Minorca the ass and the hog are common helpmates, and are yoked together in order to turn up the land. Pennant. A waiting woman was generally considered as the most suitable helpmate for a parson. Macaulay. Helpmeet Help"meet` (?), n. [See Helpmate.] A wife; a helpmate. The Lord God created Adam, . . . and afterwards, on his finding the want of a helpmeet, caused him to sleep, and took one of his ribs and thence made woman. J. H. Newman. Helter-skelter Hel"ter-skel"ter (?), adv. [An onomatholter-polter, D. holder de bolder.] In hurry and confusion; without definite purpose; irregularly. [Colloq.] Helter-skelter have I rode to thee. Shak. A wistaria vine running helter-skelter across the roof. J. C. Harris. Helve Helve (?), n. [OE. helve, helfe, AS. hielf, helf, hylf, cf. OHG. halb; and also E. halter, helm of a rudder.] 1. The handle of an ax, hatchet, or adze. 2. (Iron Working) (a) The lever at the end of which is the hammer head, in a forge hammer. (b) A forge hammer which is lifted by a cam acting on the helve between the fulcrum and the head. Helve Helve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Helved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Helving.] To furnish with a helve, as an ax. Helvetian Hel*ve"tian (?), a. Same as Helvetic. -- n. A Swiss; a Switzer. Helvetic Hel*ve"tic (?), a. [L. Helveticus, fr. Helvetii the Helvetii.] Of or pertaining to the Helvetii, the ancient inhabitant of the Alps, now Switzerland, or to the modern states and inhabitant of the Alpine regions; as, the Helvetic confederacy; Helvetic states. Helvine, Helvite Hel"vine (?), Hel"vite (?), n. [L. helvus of a light bay color.] (Min.) A mineral of a yellowish color, consisting chiefly of silica, glucina, manganese, and iron, with a little sulphur. Hem Hem (?), pron. [OE., fr. AS. him, heom, dative pl. of. h he. See He, They.] Them [Obs.] Chaucer. Hem Hem, interj. An onomatopoetic word used as an expression of hesitation, doubt, etc. It is often a sort of voluntary half cough, loud or subdued, and would perhaps be better expressed by hm. Cough or cry hem, if anybody come. Shak. Hem Hem, n. An utterance or sound of the voice, hem or hm, often indicative of hesitation or doubt, sometimes used to call attention. "His morning hems." Spectator. Hem Hem, v. i. [Hem, interj.] To make the sound expressed by the word hem; hence, to hesitate in speaking. "Hem, and stroke thy beard." Shak. Hem Hem, n. [AS. hem, border, margin; cf. Fries. h\'84mel, Prov. G. hammel hem of mire or dirt.] 1. The edge or border of a garment or cloth, doubled over and sewed, to strengthen raveling. 2. Border; edge; margin. "Hem of the sea." Shak. 3. A border made on sheet-metal ware by doubling over the edge of the sheet, to stiffen it and remove the sharp edge. Hem Hem, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hemmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hemming.] 1. To form a hem or border to; to fold and sew down the edge of. Wordsworth. 2. To border; to edge All the skirt about Was hemmed with golden fringe. Spenser. To hem about, around, OR in, to inclose and confine; to surround; to environ. "With valiant squadrons round about to hem." Fairfax. "Hemmed in to be a spoil to tyranny." Daniel. -- To hem out, to shut out. "You can not hem me out of London." J. Webster. Hema- Hem"a- (?). Same as H\'91ma-. Hemachate Hem"a*chate (?), n. [L. haemachates; Gr. (Min.) A species of agate, sprinkled with spots of red jasper. Hemachrome Hem"a*chrome (?), n. Same as H\'91machrome. Hemacite Hem"a*cite (?), n. [Gr. a"i^ma blood.] A composition made from blood, mixed with mineral or vegetable substances, used for making buttons, door knobs, etc. Hemadrometer, Hemadromometer Hem`a*drom"e*ter (?), Hem`a*dro*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Hema- + Gr. -meter.] (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the velocity with which the blood moves in the arteries.<-- now hemodromometer --> Hemadrometry, Hemadromometry Hem`a*drom`e*try (?), Hem`a*dro*mom"e*try (?), n. (Physiol.) The act of measuring the velocity with which the blood circulates in the arteries; h\'91motachometry. Hemadynamics He`ma*dy*nam"ics (?), n. [Hema- + dynamics.] (Physiol.) The principles of dynamics in their application to the blood; that part of science which treats of the motion of the blood. Hemadynamometer He`ma*dy"na*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Hema- + dynamometr.] (Physiol.) An instrument by which the pressure of the blood in the arteries, or veins, is measured by the height to which it will raise a column of mercury; -- called also a h\'91momanometer. Hemal He"mal (?), a. [Gr. a"i^ma blood.] Relating to the blood or blood vessels; pertaining to, situated in the region of, or on the side with, the heart and great blood vessels; -- opposed to neural. NOTE: &hand; As ap plied to ve rtebrates, he mal is th e same as ventral, the heart and great blood vessels being on the ventral, and the central nervous system on the dorsal, side of the vertebral column. Hemal arch (Anat.), the ventral arch in a segment of the spinal skeleton, formed by vertebral processes or ribs. Hemaph\'91in Hem`a*ph\'91"in (?), n. Same as H\'91maph\'91in. Hemapophysis Hem`a*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Hemapophyses . [NL. See H\'91ma-, and Apophysis.] (Anat.) The second element in each half of a hemal arch, corresponding to the sternal part of a rib. Owen. -- Hem`a*po*phys"i*al (#), a. Hemastatic, Hemastatical Hem`a*stat"ic (?), Hem`a*stat"ic*al (?), a. & n. Same as Hemostatic. Hemastatics Hem`a*stat"ics (?), n. (Physiol.) Laws relating to the equilibrium of the blood in the blood vessels. Hematachometer Hem`a*ta*chom"e*ter (?), n. Same as H\'91matachometer. Hematein Hem`a*te"in (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A reddish brown or violet crystalline substance, C16H12O6, got from hematoxylin by partial oxidation, and regarded as analogous to the phthaleins. Hematemesis Hem`a*tem"e*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood + (Med.) A vomiting of blood. Hematherm Hem"a*therm (?), n. [Gr. a"i^ma blood + (Zo\'94l.) A warm-blooded animal. [R.] Hemathermal Hem`a*ther"mal (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Warm-blooded; hematothermal. [R] Hematic He*mat"ic (?), a. Same as H\'91matic. Hematic He*mat"ic, n. (Med.) A medicine designed to improve the condition of the blood. Hematin Hem"a*tin (?), n. [Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood.] 1. Hematoxylin. 2. (Physiol. Chem.) A bluish black, amorphous substance containing iron and obtained from blood. It exists the red blood corpuscles united with globulin, and the form of hemoglobin or oxyhemoglobin gives to the blood its red color. Hematinometer Hem`a*ti*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Hematin + -meter.] (Physiol. Chem.) A form of hemoglobinometer. Hematinometric Hem`a*tin`o*met"ric (?), a. (Physiol.) Relating to the measurement of the amount of hematin or hemoglobin contained in blood, or other fluids. Hematinon He*mat"i*non (?), n. [Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood.] A red consisting of silica, borax, and soda, fused with oxide of copper and iron, and used in enamels, mosaics, etc. Hematite Hem"a*tite (?), n. [L. haematites, Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood.] (Min.) An important ore of iron, the sesquioxide, so called because of the red color of the powder. It occurs in splendent rhombohedral crystals, and in massive and earthy forms; -- the last called red ocher. Called also specular iron, oligist iron, rhombohedral iron ore, and bloodstone. See Brown hematite, under Brown. Hematitic Hem`a*tit"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to hematite, or resembling it. Hemato Hem"a*to (?). See H\'91ma-. Hematocele He*mat"o*cele (?), n. [Hemato- + Gr. h\'82matoc\'8ale.] (Med.) A tumor filled with blood. Hematocrya Hem`a*toc"ry*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood + kry`os cold.] (Zo\'94l.) The cold-blooded vertebrates, that is, all but the mammals and birds; -- the antithesis to Hematotherma. Hematocrystallin Hem`a*to*crys"tal*lin (?), n. [Hemato + crystalline.] (Physiol.) See Hemoglobin. Hematoid Hem"a*toid (?), a. [Hemato- + -oid.] (Physiol.) Resembling blood. Hematoidin Hem`a*toid"in (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A crystalline or amorphous pigment, free from iron, formed from hematin in old blood stains, and in old hemorrhages in the body. It resembles bilirubin. When present in the corpora lutea it is called h\'91molutein. Hematology Hem`a*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Hemato- + -logy.] The science which treats of the blood. Hematoma Hem`a*to"ma (?), n. [NL. See Hema-, and -oma.] (Med.) A circumscribed swelling produced by an effusion of blood beneath the skin. Hematophilia Hem`a*to*phil"i*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood + (Med.) A condition characterized by a tendency to profuse and uncontrollable hemorrhage from the slightest wounds.<-- = hemophilia --> Hematosin Hem`a*to"sin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) The hematin of blood. [R.] Hematosis Hem`a*to"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. a"ima`twsis.] (Physiol.) (a) Sanguification; the conversion of chyle into blood. (b) The arterialization of the blood in the lungs; the formation of blood in general; h\'91matogenesis. Hematotherma Hem`a*to*ther"ma (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood + thermo`s warm.] (Zo\'94l.) The warm-blooded vertebrates, comprising the mammals and birds; -- the antithesis to hematocrya. Hematothermal Hem"a*to*ther"mal (?), a. Warm-blooded. Hematoxylin Hem`a*tox"y*lin (?), n. H\'91matoxylin. Hematuria Hem`a*tu"ri*a (?), n. [NL. See Hema-, and Urine.] (Med.) Passage of urine mingled with blood. Hemautography Hem`au*tog"ra*phy (?), n. (Physiol.) The obtaining of a curve similar to a pulse curve or sphygmogram by allowing the blood from a divided artery to strike against a piece of paper. Hemelytron OR, Hemelytrum Hem*el"y*tron (? OR ?), Hem*el"y*trum (-tr&ucr;m cf. Elytron, 277),, n.; pl. Hemelytra (. [NL. See Hemi, and Elytron.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the partially thickened anterior wings of certain insects, as of many Hemiptera, the earwigs, etc. Hemeralopia Hem`e*ra*lo"pi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Nyctalopia.] (Med.) A disease of the eyes, in consequence of which a person can see clearly or without pain only by daylight or a strong artificial light; day sight. NOTE: &hand; So me wr iters (as Quain) use the word in the opposite sense, i. e., day blindness. See Nyctalopia. Hemerobian Hem`er*o"bi*an (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A neuropterous insect of the genus Hemerobius, and allied genera. Hemerobid He*mer"o*bid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of relating to the hemerobians. Hemerocallis Hem`e*ro*cal"lis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of plants, some species of which are cultivated for their beautiful flowers; day lily. Hemi- Hem"i- (?). [Gr. "hmi-. See Semi-.] A prefix signifying half. Hemialbumin Hem`i*al*bu"min (?), n. [Hemi- + albumin.] (Physiol. Chem.) Same as Hemialbumose. Hemialbumose Hem`i*al"bu"mose` (?), n. [Hemi- + albumose.] (Physiol. Chem.) An albuminous substance formed in gastric digestion, and by the action of boiling dilute acids on albumin. It is readily convertible into hemipeptone. Called also hemialbumin. Hemian\'91sthesia Hem`i*an`\'91s*the"si*a (?), n. [Hemi- + an\'91sthesia.] (Med.) An\'91sthesia upon one side of the body. Hemibranchi Hem`i*bran"chi (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hemi-, and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes having an incomplete or reduced branchial apparatus. It includes the sticklebacks, the flutemouths, and Fistularia. Hemicardia Hem`i*car"di*a (?), n. [NL. See Hemi-, and Cardia.] (Anat.) A lateral half of the heart, either the right or left. B. G. Wilder. Hemicarp Hem`i*carp (?), n. [Hemi- + Gr. (Bot.) One portion of a fruit that spontaneously divides into halves. Hemicerebrum Hem`i*cer"e*brum (?), n. [Hemi- + cerebrum.] (Anat.) A lateral half of the cerebrum. Wilder. Hemicollin Hem`i*col"lin (?), n. [Hemi- + collin.] (Physiol. Chem.) See Semiglutin. Hemicrania Hem`i*cra"ni*a (?), n. [L.: cf. F. h\'82micr\'83nie. See Cranium, and Megrim.] (Med.) A pain that affects only one side of the head. Hemicrany Hem"i*cra`ny (?), n. (Med.) Hemicranis. Hemicycle Hem"i*cy`cle (?), n. [L. hemicyclus, Gr. 1. A half circle; a semicircle. _________________________________________________________________ Page 685 2. A semicircular place, as a semicircular arena, or room, or part of a room. The collections will be displayed in the hemicycle of the central pavilion. London Academy. Hemidactyl Hem`i*dac"tyl (?), n. [See Hemi-, and Dactyl.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Old World geckoes of the genus Hemidactylus. The hemidactyls have dilated toes, with two rows of plates beneath. Hemi-demi-semiquaver Hem`i-dem`i-sem"i*quaver (?), n. [Hemi- + demi-semiquaver.] (Mus.) A short note, equal to one fourth of a semiquaver, or the sixty-fourth part of a whole note. Hemiditone Hem`i*di"tone (?), n. [Hemi- + ditone.] (Gr. Mus.) The lesser third. Busby. Hemigamous He*mig"a*mous (?), a. [Hemi- + Gr. (Bot.) Having one of the two florets in the same spikelet neuter, and the other unisexual, whether male or female; -- said of grasses. Hemiglyph Hem"i*glyph (?), n. [Hemi- + Gr. (Arch.) The half channel or groove in the edge of the triglyph in the Doric order. Hemihedral Hem`i*he"dral (?), a. [Hemi- + Gr. (Crystallog.) Having half of the similar parts of a crystals, instead of all; consisting of half the planes which full symmetry would require, as when a cube has planes only on half of its eight solid angles, or one plane out of a pair on each of its edges; or as in the case of a tetrahedron, which is hemihedral to an octahedron, it being contained under four of the planes of an octahedron. -- Hem`i*he"dral*ly, adv. Hemihedrism Hem`i*he"drism (?), n. (Crystallog.) The property of crystallizing hemihedrally. Hemihedron Hem`i*he"dron (?), n. (Crystallog.) A solid hemihedrally derived. The tetrahedron is a hemihedron. Hemiholohedral Hem`i*hol`o*he"dral (?), a. [Hemi- + holohedral.] (Crystallog.) Presenting hemihedral forms, in which half the sectants have the full number of planes. Hemimellitic Hem`i*mel*lit"ic (?), a. [Hemi- + mellitic.] (Chem.) Having half as many (three) carboxyl radicals as mellitic acid; -- said of an organic acid. Hemimetabola Hem`i*me*tab"o*la (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hemi-, and Metabola.] (Zo\'94l.) Those insects which have an incomplete metamorphosis. Hemimetabolic Hem`i*met`a*bol"ic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having an incomplete metamorphosis, the larv\'91 differing from the adults chiefly in laking wings, as in the grasshoppers and cockroaches. Hemimorphic Hem`i*mor"phic (?), a. [Hemi- + Gr. (Crystallog.) Having the two ends modified with unlike planes; -- said of a crystal. Hemin He"min (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) A substance, in the form of reddish brown, microscopic, prismatic crystals, formed from dried blood by the action of strong acetic acid and common salt; -- called also Teichmann's crystals. Chemically, it is a hydrochloride of hematin. NOTE: &hand; Th e obtaining of these small crystals, from old blood clots or suspected blood stains, constitutes one of the best evidences of the presence of blood. Hemina He*mi"na (?), n.; pl. Hemin\'91 (#). [L., fr. Gr. 1. (Rom. Antiq.) A measure of half a sextary. Arbuthnot. 2. (Med.) A measure equal to about ten fluid ounces. Hemionus He*mi"o*nus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A wild ass found in Thibet; the kiang. Darwin. Hemiopia, Hemiopsia Hem`i*o"pi*a (?), Hem`i*op"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A defect of vision in consequence of which a person sees but half of an object looked at. Hemiorthotype Hem`i*or"tho*type (?), a. [Hemi- + Gr. -type.] Same as Monoclinic. Hemipeptone Hem`i*pep"tone (?), n. [Hemi- + peptone.] (Physiol. Chem.) A product of the gastric and pancreatic digestion of albuminous matter. NOTE: &hand; Un like an tipeptone it is convertible into leucin and tyrosin, by the continued action of pancreatic juice. See Peptone. It is also formed from hemialbumose and albumin by the action of boiling dilute sulphuric acid. Hemiplegia Hem`i*ple"gi*a (?), n.[NL., fr. Gr. h\'82miplagie.] (Med.) A palsy that affects one side only of the body. -- Hem`i"pleg"ic (#), a. Hemiplegy Hem"i*ple`gy (?), n. (Med.) Hemiplegia. Hemipode Hem"i*pode (?), n. [Hemi- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any bird of the genus Turnix. Various species inhabit Asia, Africa, and Australia. Hemiprotein Hem`i*pro"te*in (?), n. [Hemi- + protein.] (Physiol. Chem.) An insoluble, proteid substance, described by Sch\'81tzenberger, formed when albumin is heated for some time with dilute sulphuric acid. It is apparently identical with antialbumid and dyspeptone. Hemipter He*mip"ter (?), n. [Cf. F. h\'82mipt\'8ares, pl.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Hemiptera. Hemiptera He*mip"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of hexapod insects having a jointed proboscis, including four sharp stylets (mandibles and maxill\'91), for piercing. In many of the species (Heteroptera) the front wings are partially coriaceous, and different from the others. NOTE: &hand; Th ey ar e divided into the Heteroptera, including the squash bug, soldier bug, bedbug, etc.; the Homoptera, including the cicadas, cuckoo spits, plant lice, scale insects, etc.; the Thysanoptera, including the thrips, and, according to most recent writers, the Pediculina or true lice. Hemipteral, Hemipterous He*mip"ter*al (?), He*mip"ter*ous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Hemiptera. Hemipteran He*mip"ter*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Hemiptera; an hemipter. Hemisect Hem`i*sect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hemisected; p. pr. & vb. n. Hemisecting.] [Hemi- + L. secare to cut.] (Anat.) To divide along the mesial plane. Hemisection Hem`i*sec"tion (?), n. (Anat.) A division along the mesial plane; also, one of the parts so divided. Hemisphere Hem"i*sphere (?), n. [L. hemisphaerium, Gr. h\'82misph\'8are. See Hemi-, and Sphere.] 1. A half sphere; one half of a sphere or globe, when divided by a plane passing through its center. 2. Half of the terrestrial globe, or a projection of the same in a map or picture. 3. The people who inhabit a hemisphere. He died . . . mourned by a hemisphere. J. P. Peters. ten Cerebral hemispheres. (Anat.) See Brain. -- Magdeburg hemispheres (Physics), two hemispherical cups forming, when placed together, a cavity from which the air can be withdrawn by an air pump; -- used to illustrate the pressure of the air. So called because invented by Otto von Guericke at Magdeburg. Hemispheric, Hemispherical Hem`i*spher"ic (?), Hem`i*spher"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. h\'82misph\'82rique.] Containing, or pertaining to, a hemisphere; as, a hemispheric figure or form; a hemispherical body. Hemispheroid Hem`i*sphe"roid (?), n. [Hemi- + spheroid.] A half of a spheroid. Hemispheroidal Hem`i*sphe*roid"al (?), a. Resembling, or approximating to, a hemisphere in form. Hemispherule Hem`i*spher"ule (?), n. A half spherule. Hemistich Hem"i*stich (?; 277), n. [L. hemistichium, Gr. "hmisti`chion; "hmi- half + sti`chos row, line, verse: cf. F. h\'82mistiche.] Half a poetic verse or line, or a verse or line not completed. Hemistichal He*mis"ti*chal (?), a. Pertaining to, or written in, hemistichs; also, by, or according to, hemistichs; as, a hemistichal division of a verse. Hemisystole Hem`i*sys"to*le (?), n. (Physiol.) Contraction of only one ventricle of the heart. NOTE: &hand; He misystole is noticed in rare cases of insufficiency of the mitral valve, in which both ventricles at times contract simultaneously, as in a normal heart, this condition alternating with contraction of the right ventricle alone; hence, intermittent hemisystole. Hemitone Hem"i*tone (?), n. [L. hemitonium, Gr. See Semitone. Hemitropal, Hemitropous He*mit"ro*pal (?), He*mit"ro*pous (?), a. [See Hemitrope.] 1. Turned half round; half inverted. 2. (Bot.) Having the raphe terminating about half way between the chalaza and the orifice; amphitropous; -- said of an ovule. Gray. Hemitrope Hem"i*trope (?), a. [Hemi- + Gr. h\'82mitrope.] Half turned round; half inverted; (Crystallog.) having a twinned structure. Hemitrope Hem"i*trope, n. That which is hemitropal in construction; (Crystallog.) a twin crystal having a hemitropal structure. Hemitropy He*mit"ro*py (?), n. (Crystallog.) Twin composition in crystals. Hemlock Hem"lock (?), n. [OE. hemeluc, humloc, AS. hemlic, hymlic.] 1. (Bot.) The name of several poisonous umbelliferous herbs having finely cut leaves and small white flowers, as the Cicuta maculata, bulbifera, and virosa, and the Conium maculatum. See Conium. NOTE: &hand; Th e po tion of hemlock administered to Socrates is by some thought to have been a decoction of Cicuta virosa, or water hemlock, by others, of Conium maculatum. 2. (Bot.) An evergreen tree common in North America (Abies, OR Tsuga, Canadensis); hemlock spruce. The murmuring pines and the hemlocks. Longfellow. 3. The wood or timber of the hemlock tree. Ground hemlock, OR Dwarf hemlock. See under Ground. Hemmel Hem"mel (?), n. [Scot. hemmel, hammel, Prov. E. hemble hovel, stable, shed, perh. allied to D. hemel heaven, canopy, G. himmel; cf. E. heaven. A shed or hovel for cattle. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. Hemmer Hem"mer (?), n. One who, or that which, hems with a needle. Specifically: (a) An attachment to a sewing machine, for turning under the edge of a piece of fabric, preparatory to stitching it down. (b) A tool for turning over the edge of sheet metal to make a hem. Hemo- Hem"o- (?). Same as H\'91ma-, H\'91mo-. Hemoglobin Hem"o*glo"bin (?), n. [Hemo- + globe.] (Physiol.) The normal coloring matter of the red blood corpuscles of vertebrate animals. It is composed of hematin and globulin, and is also called h\'91matoglobulin. In arterial blood, it is always combined with oxygen, and is then called oxyhemoglobin. It crystallizes under different forms from different animals, and when crystallized, is called h\'91matocrystallin. See Blood crystal, under Blood. Hemoglobinometer Hem`o*glo"bin*om"e*ter (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) Same as H\'91mochromometer. Hemophilia Hem`o*phil"i*a (?), n. See Hematophilia. Hemoptysis He*mop"ty*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. h\'82moptysie.] (Med.) The expectoration of blood, due usually to hemorrhage from the mucous membrane of the lungs. Hemorrhage Hem"or*rhage (?), n. [L. haemorrhagia, Gr. h\'82morriage, h\'82morrhagie.] (Med.) Any discharge of blood from the blood vessels. NOTE: &hand; Th e blood circulates in a system of closed tubes, the rupture of which gives rise to hemorrhage. Hemorrhagic Hem`or*rhag"ic (?), a. [Gr. h\'82morrhagique.] Pertaining or tending to a flux o Hemorrhoidal Hem`or*rhoid"al (?), a. [Cf. F. h\'82morro\'8bdal, h\'82morrho\'8bdal.] 1. Of or pertaining to, or of the nature of, hemorrhoids. 2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the rectum; rectal; as, the hemorrhoidal arteries, veins, and nerves. Hemorrhoids Hem"or*rhoids (?), n. pl. [L. haemorrhoidae, pl., Gr. h\'82morro\'8bdes, h\'82morrho\'8bdes. See Rheum.] (Med.) Livid and painful swellings formed by the dilation of the blood vessels around the margin of, or within, the anus, from which blood or mucus is occasionally discharged; piles; emerods. [The sing. hemorrhoid is rarely used.] Hemostatic Hem`o*stat"ic (?), a. [Hemo- + Gr. ets> 1. (Med.) Of or relating to stagnation of the blood. 2. Serving to arrest hemorrhage; styptic. Hemostatic Hem`o*stat"ic, n. A medicine or application to arrest hemorrhage. Hemoothorax Hemo"o*tho"rax (?), n. [NL. See Hemo-, and Thorax.] (Med.) An effusion of blood into the cavity of the pleura. Hemp Hemp (?), n. [OE. hemp, AS. henep, h\'91nep; akin to D. hennep, OHG. hanaf, G. hanf, Icel. hampr, Dan. hamp, Sw. hampa, L. cannabis, cannabum, Gr. conoplia, Skr. a; all prob. borrowed from some other language at an early time. Cf. Cannabine, Canvas.] 1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Cannabis (C. sativa), the fibrous skin or bark of which is used for making cloth and cordage. The name is also applied to various other plants yielding fiber. 2. The fiber of the skin or rind of the plant, prepared for spinning. The name has also been extended to various fibers resembling the true hemp. African hemp, Bowstring hemp. See under African, and Bowstring. -- Bastard hemp, the Asiatic herb Datisca cannabina. -- Canada hemp, a species of dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum), the fiber of which was used by the Indians. -- Hemp agrimony, a coarse, composite herb of Europe (Eupatorium cannabinum), much like the American boneset. -- Hemp nettle, a plant of the genus Galeopsis (G. Tetrahit), belonging to the Mint family. -- Indian hemp. See under Indian, a. -- Manila hemp, the fiber of Musa textilis. -- Sisal hemp, the fiber of Agave sisalana, of Mexico and Yucatan. -- Sunn hemp, a fiber obtained from a leguminous plant (Crotalaria juncea). -- Water hemp, an annual American weed (Acnida cannabina), related to the amaranth. Hempen Hemp"en (?), a. 1. Made of hemp; as, a hempen cord. 2. Like hemp. "Beat into a hempen state." Cook. Hempy Hemp"y (?), a. Like hemp. [R.] Howell. Hemself, Hemselve , Hemselven Hem*self" (?), Hem*selve" (, Hem*selv"en (, pron. pl. [See Hem, pron.] Themselves; -- used reflexively. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hemstitch Hem"stitch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hemstitched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hemstitching.] [Hem + stitch.] To ornament at the head of a broad hem by drawing out a few parallel threads, and fastening the cross threads in successive small clusters; as, to hemstitch a handkerchief. Hemstitched Hem"stitched (?), a. Having a broad hem separated from the body of the article by a line of open work; as, a hemistitched handkerchief. Hemuse He"muse (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The roebuck in its third year. [Prov. Eng.] Hen Hen (?), n. [AS. henn, hen, h\'91n; akin to D. hen, OHG. henna, G. henne, Icel. hna, Dan. h\'94na; the fem. corresponding to AS. hana cock, D. haan, OHG. hano, G. hahn, Icel. hani, Dan. & Sw. hane. Prob. akin to L. canere to sing, and orig. meaning, a singer. Cf. Chanticleer.] (Zo\'94l.) The female of the domestic fowl; also, the female of grouse, pheasants, or any kind of birds; as, the heath hen; the gray hen. NOTE: &hand; Us ed ad jectively or in combination to indicate the female; as, hen canary, hen eagle, hen turkey, peahen. Hen clam. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A clam of the Mactra, and allied genera; the sea clam or surf clam. See Surf clam. (b) A California clam of the genus Pachydesma. -- Hen driver. See Hen harrier (below). -- Hen harrier (Zo\'94l.), a hawk (Circus cyaneus), found in Europe and America; -- called also dove hawk, henharm, henharrow, hen driver, and usually, in America, marsh hawk. See Marsh hawk. -- Hen hawk (Zo\'94l.), one of several species of large hawks which capture hens; esp., the American red-tailed hawk (Buteo borealis), the red-shouldered hawk (B. lineatus), and the goshawk. Henbane Hen"bane` (?), n. [Hen + bane.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Hyoscyamus (H. niger). All parts of the plant are poisonous, and the leaves are used for the same purposes as belladonna. It is poisonous to domestic fowls; whence the name. Called also, stinking nightshade, from the fetid odor of the plant. See Hyoscyamus. Henbit Hen"bit` (?), n. (Bot.) A weed of the genus Lamium (L. amplexicaule) with deeply crenate leaves. Hence Hence (?), adv. [OE. hennes, hens (the s is prop. a genitive ending; cf. -wards), also hen, henne, hennen, heonnen, heonene, AS. heonan, heonon, heona, hine; akin to OHG. hinn\'ben, G. hinnen, OHG. hina, G. hin; all from the root of E. he. See He.] 1. From this place; away. "Or that we hence wend." Chaucer. Arise, let us go hence. John xiv. 31. I will send thee far hence unto the Gentiles. Acts xxii. 21. 2. From this time; in the future; as, a week hence. "Half an hour hence." Shak. _________________________________________________________________ Page 686 3. From this reason; as an inference or deduction. Hence, perhaps, it is, that Solomon calls the fear of the Lord the beginning of wisdom. Tillotson. 4. From this source or origin. All other faces borrowed hence Their light and grace. Suckling. Whence come wars and fightings among you? Come they not hence, even of your lusts? James. iv. 1. NOTE: &hand; He nce is used, elliptically and imperatively, for go hence; depart hence; away; be gone. "Hence with your little ones." Shak. -- From hence, though a pleonasm, is fully authorized by the usage of good writers. <-- raus! --> An ancient author prophesied from hence. Dryden. Expelled from hence into a world Of woe and sorrow. Milton. Hence Hence (?), v. t. To send away. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. Henceforth Hence`forth" (?), adv. From this time forward; henceforward. I never from thy side henceforth to stray. Milton. Henceforward Hence`for"ward (?), adv. From this time forward; henceforth. Henchboy Hench"boy` (?), n. A page; a servant. [Obs.] Henchman Hench"man (?), n.; pl. -men (#). [OE. hencheman, henxman; prob. fr. OE. & AS. hengest horse + E. man, and meaning, a groom. AS. hengest is akin to D. & G. hengst stallion, OHG. hengist horse, gelding.] An attendant; a servant; a follower. Now chiefly used as a political cant term. Hencoop Hen"coop` (?), n. A coop or cage for hens. Hende Hende (?), a. [OE., near, handy, kind, fr. AS. gehende near, fr. hand hand. See Handy.] 1. Skillful; dexterous; clever. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Friendly; civil; gentle; kind. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hendecagon Hen*dec"a*gon (?), n. [Gr. hend\'82cagone.] (Geom.) A plane figure of eleven sides and eleven angles. [Written also endecagon.] Hendecane Hen"de*cane (?), n. [Gr. "e`ndeka eleven.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, C11H24, of the paraffin series; -- so called because it has eleven atoms of carbon in each molecule. Called also endecane, undecane. Hendecasyllabic Hen*dec`a*syl*lab"ic (?), a. Pertaining to a line of eleven syllables. Hendecasyllable Hen*dec"a*syl`la*ble (?), n. [L. hendecasyllabus, Gr. hend\'82casyllabe.] A metrical line of eleven syllables. J. Warton. Hendecatoic Hen*dec`a*to"ic (?), a. [See Hendecane.] (Chem.) Undecylic; pertaining to, or derived from, hendecane; as, hendecatoic acid. Hendiadys Hen*di"a*dys (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Gram.) A figure in which the idea is expressed by two nouns connected by and, instead of by a noun and limiting adjective; as, we drink from cups and gold, for golden cups. Hendy Hen"dy (?), a. [Obs.] See Hende. Henen Hen"en (?), adv. Hence. [Obs.] Chaucer. Henfish Hen"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A marine fish; the sea bream. (b) A young bib. See Bib, n., 2. Heng Heng (?), obs. imp. of Hang. Hung. Chaucer. Hen-hearted Hen"-heart`ed (?), a. Cowardly; timid; chicken-hearted. Udall. Henhouse Hen"house` (?), n.; pl. Henhouses. A house or shelter for fowls. Henhussy Hen"hus`sy (?), n. A cotquean; a man who intermeddles with women's concerns. Heniquen He*ni"quen (?), n. See Jeniquen. Henna Hen"na (?), n. [Ar. hinn\'be alcanna (Lawsonia inermis or alba). Cf. Alcanna, Alkanet, Orchanet.] 1. (Bot.) A thorny tree or shrub of the genus Lawsonia (L. alba). The fragrant white blossoms are used by the Buddhists in religious ceremonies. The powdered leaves furnish a red coloring matter used in the East to stain the hails and fingers, the manes of horses, etc. 2. (Com.) The leaves of the henna plant, or a preparation or dyestuff made from them. Hennery Hen"ner*y (?), n. An inclosed place for keeping hens. [U. S.] Hennes Hen"nes (?), adv. Hence. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hennotannic Hen`no*tan"nic (?), a. [Henna + tannic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a brown resinous substance resembling tannin, and extracted from the henna plant; as, hennotannic acid. Henoge ny, Henogenesis He*nog"e* ny (?), Hen`o*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) Same as Ontogeny. Henotheism Hen"o*the*ism (?), n. [Gr. theism.] Primitive religion in which each of several divinities is regarded as independent, and is worshiped reference to the rest. [R.] Henotic He*not"ic (?), a. [Gr. Harmonizing; irenic. Gladstone. Henpeck Hen"peck` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Henpecked (?); p. pr. & vb. Henpecking.] To subject to petty authority; -- said of a wife who thus treats her husband. Commonly used in the past participle (often adjectively). Henroost Hen"roost` (?), n. A place where hens roost. Henry Hen"ry (?), n.; pl. Henrys. [From Joseph Henry, an American physicist.] The unit of electric induction; the induction in a circuit when the electro-motive force induced in this circuit is one volt, while the inducing current varies at the rate of one amp\'8are a second. Hen's-foot Hen's-foot` (, n. (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant (Caucalis daucoides). Hent Hent (?), v. t. [imp. Hente; p. p. Hent.] [OE. hente, henten, fr. AS. hentan, gehentan, to pursue, take, seize; cf. Icel. henda, Goth. hinpan (in compos.), and E. hunt.] To seize; to lay hold on; to catch; to get. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Spenser. This cursed Jew him hente and held him fast. Chaucer. But all that he might of his friendes hente On bookes and on learning he it spente. Chaucer. Henware Hen"ware` (?), n. (Bot.) A coarse, blackish seaweed. See Badderlocks. Henxman Henx"man (?), n. Henchman. [Obs.] Hep Hep (?), n. See Hip, the fruit of the dog-rose. Hepar He"par (?), n. [L. hepar, hepatis, the liver, Gr. 1. (Old Chem.) Liver of sulphur; a substance of a liver-brown color, sometimes used in medicine. It is formed by fusing sulphur with carbonates of the alkalies (esp. potassium), and consists essentially of alkaline sulphides. Called also hepar sulphuris (. 2. Any substance resembling hepar proper, in appearance; specifically, in homeopathy, calcium sulphide, called also hepar sulphuris calcareum ( Hepar antimonii ( (Old Chem.), a substance, of a liver-brown color, obtained by fusing together antimony sulphide with alkaline sulphides, and consisting of sulphantimonites of the alkalies; -- called also liver of antimony. Hepatic He*pat"ic (?), a. [L. hepaticus, Gr. jecur, Skr. yak: cf. F. h\'82patique.] 1. Of or pertaining to the liver; as, hepatic artery; hepatic diseases. 2. Resembling the liver in color or in form; as, hepatic cinnabar. 3. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or resembling, the plants called Hepatic\'91, or scale mosses and liverworts. Hepatic duct (Anat.), any biliary duct; esp., the duct, or one of the ducts, which carries the bile from the liver to the cystic and common bile ducts. See Illust., under Digestive. -- Hepatic gas (Old Chem.), sulphureted hydrogen gas. -- Hepatic mercurial ore, OR Hepatic cinnabar. See under Cinnabar. Hepatica He*pat"i*ca (?), n.; pl. Hepatic\'91 (#). [NL. See Hepatic. So called in allusion to the shape of the lobed leaves or fronds.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of pretty spring flowers closely related to Anemone; squirrel cup. 2. (bot.) Any plant, usually procumbent and mosslike, of the cryptogamous class Hepatic\'91; -- called also scale moss and liverwort. See Hepatic\'91, in the Supplement. Hepatical He*pat"ic*al, a. Hepatic. [R.] Hepatite Hep"a*tite (?; 277), n. [L. hepatitis an unknown precious stone, Gr. h\'82patite.] (Min.) A variety of barite emitting a fetid odor when rubbed or heated. Hepatitis Hep`a*ti"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the liver. Hepatization Hep`a*ti*za"tion (?), n. 1. (Chem.) Impregnating with sulphureted hydrogen gas. [Obs.] 2. [Cf. F. h\'82patisation.] (Med.) Conversion into a substance resembling the liver; a state of the lungs when gorged with effused matter, so that they are no longer pervious to the air. Hepatize Hep"a*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hepatized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hepatizing (?).] [Gr. hepatite, and (for sense 2) F. h\'82patiser.] 1. To impregnate with sulphureted hydrogen gas, formerly called hepatic gas. On the right . . . were two wells of hepatized water. Barrow. 2. To gorge with effused matter, as the lungs. Hepatocele He*pat"o*cele (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) Hernia of the liver. Hepatocystic Hep`a*to*cys"tic (?), a. [Hepatic + cystic.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the liver and gall bladder; as, the hepatocystic ducts. Hepatogastric Hep`a*to*gas"tric (?), a. [Hepatic + gastric.] (Anat.) See Gastrohepatic. Hepatogenic, Hepatogenous Hep`a*to*gen"ic (?), Hep`a*tog"e*nous (?), a. [Gr. "h^par, "h`patos, the liver + root of gi`gnesthai to be born] (Med.) Arising from the liver; due to a condition of the liver; as, hepatogenic jaundice. Hepatology Hep`a*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. "h^par, "h`patos, the liver + -logy.] The science which treats of the liver; a treatise on the liver. Hepato-pancreas Hep"a*to-pan"cre*as (?), n. [Gr. "h^par, "h`patos, the liver + E. pancreas.] (Zo\'94l.) A digestive gland in Crustacea, Mollusca, etc., usually called the liver, but different from the liver of vertebrates. Hepatorenal Hep`a*to*re"nal (?), a. [Hepatic + renal.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the liver and kidneys; as, the hepatorenal ligament. Hepatoscopy Hep`a*tos"co*py (?), n. [Gr. "h^par, "h`patos, the liver + h\'82patoscopie.] Divination by inspecting the liver of animals. Heppen Hep"pen (?), a. [Cf. AS. geh\'91p fit, Icel. heppinn lucky, E. happy.] Neat; fit; comfortable. [Obs.] Hepper Hep"per (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) A young salmon; a parr. Hepta Hep"ta (?). [See Seven.] A combining form from Gr. "epta`, seven. Heptachord Hep"ta*chord (?), n. [Gr. "epta`xordos seven-stringed; "epta` seven + xordh` chord: cf. F. heptacorde. See Seven, and Chord.] 1. (Anc. Mus.) (a) A system of seven sounds. (b) A lyre with seven chords. 2. (Anc. Poet.) A composition sung to the sound of seven chords or tones. Moore (Encyc. of Music). Heptad Hep"tad (?), n. [L. heptas the number seven. Gr. "epta` seven.] (Chem.) An atom which has a valence of seven, and which can be theoretically combined with, substituted for, or replaced by, seven monad atoms or radicals; as, iodine is a heptad in iodic acid. Also used as an adjective. Heptade Hep"tade (?), n. [Cf. F. heptade. See Heptad.] The sum or number of seven. Heptaglot Hep"ta*glot (?), n. [Gr. "epta` seven + 3, A book in seven languages. Heptagon Hep"ta*gon (?), n. [Gr. "epta` seven + heptagone.] (Geom.) A plane figure consisting of seven sides and having seven angles. Heptagonal Hep*tag"o*nal (?), a. [Cf. F. heptagonal.] Having seven angles or sides. Heptagonal numbers (Arith.), the numbers of the series 1, 7, 18, 34, 55, etc., being figurate numbers formed by adding successively the terms of the arithmetical series 1, 6, 11, 16, 21, etc. Heptagynia Hep`ta*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "epta` seven + heptagunie.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an order of plants having seven pistils. Heptagynian, Heptagynous Hep`ta*gyn"i*an (?), Hep*tag"y*nous (?), a. [Cf. F. heptagyne.] (Bot.) Having seven pistils. Heptahedron Hep`ta*he"dron (?), n. [Hepta- + Gr. hepta\'8adre.] (Geom.) A solid figure with seven sides. Heptamerous Hep*tam"er*ous (?), a. [Hepta- + Gr. (Bot.) Consisting of seven parts, or having the parts in sets of sevens. Gray. Heptandria Hep*tan"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "epta` seven + heptandrie.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an class of plants having seven stamens. Heptandrian, Heptandrous Hep*tan"dri*an (?), Hep*tan"drous (?), a. [Cf. F. heptandre.] (Bot.) Having seven stamens. Heptane Hep"tane (?), n. [Gr. "epta` seven.] (Chem.) Any one of several isometric hydrocarbons, C7H16, of the paraffin series (nine are possible, four are known); -- so called because the molecule has seven carbon atoms. Specifically, a colorless liquid, found as a constituent of petroleum, in the tar oil of cannel coal, etc. Heptangular Hep*tan"gu*lar (?), a. [Hepta- + angular: cf. F. heptangulaire. Cf. Septangular.] Having seven angles. Heptaphyllous Hep*taph"yl*lous (?), a. [Hepta- + Gr. heptaphylle.] (Bot.) Having seven leaves. Heptarch Hep"tarch (?), n. Same as Heptarchist. Heptarchic Hep*tar"chic (?), a. [Cf. F. heptarchique.] Of or pertaining to a heptarchy; constituting or consisting of a heptarchy. T. Warton. Heptarchist Hep"tarch*ist (?), n. A ruler of one division of a heptarchy. [Written also heptarch.] Heptarchy Hep"tarch*y (?), n. [Hepta- + -archy: cf. F. heptarchie.] A government by seven persons; also, a country under seven rulers. NOTE: &hand; Th e word is most commonly applied to England, when it was divided into seven kingdoms; as, the Saxon heptachy, which consisted of Kent, the South Saxons (Sussex), West Saxons (Wessex), East Saxons (Essex), the East Angles, Mercia, and Northumberland. Heptaspermous Hep`ta*sper"mous (?), a. [Hepta- + Gr. (Bot.) Having seven seeds. Heptastich Hep"ta*stich (?), n. [Hepta- + Gr. sti`chos line, verse.] (Pros.) A composition consisting of seven lines or verses. Heptateuch Hep"ta*teuch (?), n. [L. heptateuchos, Gr. "epta` seven + heptateuque.] The first seven books of the Testament. Heptavalent Hep*tav"a*lent (?), a. [Hepta- + L. valens, p. pr. See Valence.] (Chem.) Having seven units of attractive force or affinity; -- said of heptad elements or radicals. Heptene Hep"tene (?), n. [Gr. "epta` seven.] (Chem.) Same as Heptylene. Heptine Hep"tine (?), n. [Heptane + -ine.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of unsaturated metameric hydrocarbons, C7H12, of the acetylene series. Heptoic Hep*to"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, heptane; as, heptoic acid. Heptone Hep"tone (?), n. [Gr. "epta` seven.] (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon, C7H10, of the valylene series. Hep tree Hep" tree` (?). [See Hep.] The wild dog-rose. Heptyl Hep"tyl (?), n. [Hepta- + -yl.] (Chem.) A compound radical, C7H15, regarded as the essential radical of heptane and a related series of compounds. Heptylene Hep"tyl*ene (?), n. (Chem.) A colorless liquid hydrocarbon, C7H14, of the ethylene series; also, any one of its isomers. Called also heptene. Heptylic Hep*tyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, heptyl or heptane; as, heptylic alcohol. Cf. nanthylic. Her Her (?), pron. & a. [OE. hire, here, hir, hure, gen. and dat. sing., AS. hire, gen. and dat. sing. of h\'82o she. from the same root as E. he. See He.] The form of the objective and the possessive case of the personal pronoun she; as, I saw her with her purse out. NOTE: &hand; Th e po ssessive her takes the form hers when the noun with which in agrees is not given, but implied. "And what his fortune wanted, hers could mend." Dryden. Her, Here Her, Here (, pron. pl. [OE. here, hire, AS. heora, hyra, gen. pl. of h&emac;. See He.] Of them; their. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. On here bare knees adown they fall. Chaucer. Heracleonite He*rac"le*on*ite (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Heracleon of Alexandria, a Judaizing Gnostic, in the early history of the Christian church. Herakline He*rak"line (?), n. [Gr. A picrate compound, used as an explosive in blasting. Herald Her"ald (?), n. [OE. herald, heraud, OF. heralt, heraut, herault, F. h\'82raut, LL. heraldus, haraldus, fr. (assumed) OHG. heriwalto, hariwaldo, a (civil) officer who serves the army; hari, heri, army + waltan to manage, govern, G. walten; akin to E. wield. See Harry, Wield.] 1. (Antiq.) An officer whose business was to denounce or proclaim war, to challenge to battle, to proclaim peace, and to bear messages from the commander of an army. He was invested with a sacred and inviolable character. _________________________________________________________________ Page 687 2. In the Middle Ages, the officer charged with the above duties, and also with the care of genealogies, of the rights and privileges of noble families, and especially of armorial bearings. In modern times, some vestiges of this office remain, especially in England. See Heralds' College (below), and King-at-Arms. 3. A proclaimer; one who, or that which, publishes or announces; as, the herald of another's fame. Shak. 4. A forerunner; a a precursor; a harbinger. It was the lark, the herald of the morn. Shak. 5. Any messenger. "My herald is returned." Shak. Heralds' College, in England, an ancient corporation, dependent upon the crown, instituted or perhaps recognized by Richard III. in 1483, consisting of the three Kings-at-Arms and the Chester, Lancaster, Richmond, Somerset, Windsor, and York Heralds, together with the Earl Marshal. This retains from the Middle Ages the charge of the armorial bearings of persons privileged to bear them, as well as of genealogies and kindred subjects; -- called also College of Arms. Herald Her"ald (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heralded; p. pr. & vb. n. Heralding.] [Cf. OF. herauder, heraulder.] To introduce, or give tidings of, as by a herald; to proclaim; to announce; to foretell; to usher in. Shak. Heraldic He*ral"dic (?), a. [Cf. F. h\'82raldique.] Of or pertaining to heralds or heraldry; as, heraldic blazoning; heraldic language. T. Warton. Heraldically He*ral"dic*al*ly (?), adv. In an heraldic manner; according to the rules of heraldry. Heraldry Her"ald*ry (?), n. The art or office of a herald; the art, practice, or science of recording genealogies, and blazoning arms or ensigns armorial; also, of marshaling cavalcades, processions, and public ceremonies. Heraldship Her"ald*ship, n. The office of a herald. Selden. Herapathite Her"a*path*ite (?), n. [Named after Dr. Herapath, the discoverer.] (Chem.) The sulphate of iodoquinine, a substance crystallizing in thin plates remarkable for their effects in polarizing light. Heraud Her"aud (?), n. A herald. [Obs.] Chaucer. Herb Herb (?; 277), n. [OE. herbe, erbe, OF. herbe, erbe, F. herbe, L. herba; perh. akin to Gr. forbh` food, pasture, fe`rbein to feed.] 1. A plant whose stem does not become woody and permanent, but dies, at least down to the ground, after flowering. NOTE: &hand; An nual he rbs li ve bu t on e se ason; biennial herbs flower the second season, and then die; perennial herbs produce new stems year after year. 2. Grass; herbage. And flocks Grazing the tender herb. Milton. Herb bennet. (Bot.) See Bennet. -- Herb Christopher (Bot.), an herb (Act\'91a spicata), whose root is used in nervous diseases; the baneberry. The name is occasionally given to other plants, as the royal fern, the wood betony, etc. -- Herb Gerard (Bot.), the goutweed; -- so called in honor of St. Gerard, who used to be invoked against the gout. Dr. Prior. -- Herb grace, OR Herb of grace. (Bot.) See Rue. -- Herb Margaret (Bot.), the daisy. See Marguerite. -- Herb Paris (Bot.), an Old World plant related to the trillium (Paris quadrifolia), commonly reputed poisonous. -- Herb Robert (Bot.), a species of Geranium (G. Robertianum.) Herbaceous Her*ba"ceous (?), a. [L. herbaceus grassy. See Herb.] Of or pertaining to herbs; having the nature, texture, or characteristics, of an herb; as, herbaceous plants; an herbaceous stem. Herbage Herb"age (?; 48), n. [F. See Herb.] 1. Herbs collectively; green food beasts; grass; pasture. "Thin herbage in the plaims." Dryden. 2. (Law.) The liberty or right of pasture in the forest or in the grounds of another man. Blount. Herbaged Herb"aged (?), a. Covered with grass. Thomson. Herbal Herb"al (?), a. Of or pertaining to herbs. Quarles. Herbal Herb"al (?), n. 1. A book containing the names and descriptions of plants. Bacon. 2. A collection of specimens of plants, dried and preserved; a hortus siccus; an herbarium. Steele. Herbalism Herb"al*ism (?), n. The knowledge of herbs. Herbalist Herb"al*ist, n. One skilled in the knowledge of plants; a collector of, or dealer in, herbs, especially medicinal herbs. Herbar Herb"ar (?), n. An herb. [Obs.] Spenser. Herbarian Her*ba"ri*an (?), n. A herbalist. Herbarist Herb"a*rist (?), n. A herbalist. [Obs.] Herbarium Her*ba"ri*um (?), n.; pl. E. Herbariums (#), L. Herbaria (#). [LL., fr. L. herba. See Herb, and cf. Arbor, Herbary.] 1. A collection of dried specimens of plants, systematically arranged. Gray. 2. A book or case for preserving dried plants. Herbarize Herb"a*rize (?), v. t. See Herborize. Herbary Herb"a*ry (?), n. [See Herbarium.] A garden of herbs; a cottage garden. T. Warton. Herber Herb"er (?), n. [OF. herbier, LL. herbarium. See Herbarium.] A garden; a pleasure garden. [Obs.] "Into an herber green." Chaucer. Herbergage Her"berg*age (?), n. [See Harborage.] Harborage; lodging; shelter; harbor. [Obs.] Chaucer. Herbergeour Her"ber*geour (?), n. [See Harbinger.] A harbinger. [Obs.] Chaucer. Herbergh, Herberwe Her"bergh (?), Her"ber*we (, n. [See Harbor.] A harbor. [Obs.] Chaucer. Herbescent Her*bes"cent (?), a. [L. herbescens, p. pr. of herbescere.] Growing into herbs. Herbid Herb"id (?), a. [L. herbidus.] Covered with herbs. [Obs.] Bailey. Herbiferous Her*bif"er*ous (?), a. [Herb + -ferous: cf. F. herbif\'82re.] Bearing herbs or vegetation. Herbist Herb"ist (?), n. A herbalist. Herbivora Her*biv"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. herba herb + vorare to devour.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive division of Mammalia. It formerly included the Proboscidea, Hyracoidea, Perissodactyla, and Artiodactyla, but by later writers it is generally restricted to the two latter groups (Ungulata). They feed almost exclusively upon vegetation. Herbivore Her"bi*vore (?), n. [Cf. F. herbivore.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Herbivora. P. H. Gosse. Herbivorous Her*biv"o*rous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Eating plants; of or pertaining to the Herbivora. Herbless Herb"less (?), a. Destitute of herbs or of vegetation. J. Warton. Herblet Herb"let (?), n. A small herb. Shak. Herborist Her"bo*rist (?), n. [F. herboriste.] A herbalist. Ray. Herborization Her`bo*ri*za"tion (?), n. [F. herborisation.] 1. The act of herborizing. 2. The figure of plants in minerals or fossils. Herborize Her"bo*rize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Herborized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Herborizing (?).] [F. herboriser, for herbariser, fr. L. herbarium. See Hebrarium.] To search for plants, or new species of plants, with a view to classifying them. He herborized as he traveled. W. Tooke. Herborize Her"bo*rize, v. t. To form the figures of plants in; -- said in reference to minerals. See Arborized. Herborized stones contain fine mosses. Fourcroy (Trans.) Herborough Her"bor*ough (?), n. [See Harborough, and Harbor.] A harbor. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Herbose, Herbous Her*bose" (?), Herb"ous (?), a. [L. herbosus: cf. F. herbeux.] Abounding with herbs. "Fields poetically called herbose." Byrom. Herb-woman Herb"-wom`an (?), n.; pl. Herb-women (. A woman that sells herbs. Herby Herb"y (?), a. Having the nature of, pertaining to, or covered with, herbs or herbage. "Herby valleys." Chapman. Hercogamous Her*cog"a*mous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Not capable of self-fertilization; -- said of hermaphrodite flowers in which some structural obstacle forbids autogamy. Herculean Her*cu"le*an (?), a. [L. herculeus, fr. Hercules: cf. F. hercul\'82en. See Hercules.] 1. Requiring the strength of Hercules; hence, very great, difficult, or dangerous; as, an Herculean task. 2. Having extraordinary strength or size; as, Herculean limbs. "Herculean Samson." Milton. Hercules Her"cu*les (?), n. 1. (Gr. Myth.) A hero, fabled to have been the son of Jupiter and Alcmena, and celebrated for great strength, esp. for the accomplishment of his twelve great tasks or "labors." 2. (Astron.) A constellation in the northern hemisphere, near Lyra. Hercules' beetle (Zo\'94l.), any species of Dynastes, an American genus of very large lamellicorn beetles, esp. D. hercules of South America, which grows to a length of six inches. -- Hercules' club. (Bot.) (a) An ornamental tree of the West Indies (Zanthoxylum Clava-Herculis), of the same genus with the prickly ash. (b) A variety of the common gourd (Lagenaria vulgaris). Its fruit sometimes exceeds five feet in length. (c) The Angelica tree. See under Angelica. -- Hercules powder, an explosive containing nitroglycerin; -- used for blasting. Hercynian Her*cyn"i*an (?), a. [L. Hercynia silva, Hercynius saltus, the Hercynian forest; cf. Gr. Of or pertaining to an extensive forest in Germany, of which there are still portions in Swabia and the Hartz mountains. Herd Herd (?), a. Haired. [Obs.] Chaucer. Herd Herd (?), n. [OE. herd, heord, AS. heord; akin to OHG. herta,G. herde, Icel. hj\'94r, Sw. hjord, Dan. hiord, Goth. ha\'a1rda; cf. Skr. \'87ardha troop, host.] 1. A number of beasts assembled together; as, a herd of horses, oxen, cattle, camels, elephants, deer, or swine; a particular stock or family of cattle. The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea. Gray. NOTE: &hand; He rd is di stinguished fr om flock, as being chiefly applied to the larger animals. A number of cattle, when driven to market, is called a drove. 2. A crowd of low people; a rabble. But far more numerous was the herd of such Who think too little and who talk too much. Dryden. You can never interest the common herd in the abstract question. Coleridge. Herd's grass (Bot.), one of several species of grass, highly esteemed for hay. See under Grass. Herd Herd, n. [OE. hirde, herde, heorde, AS. hirde, hyrde, heorde; akin to G. hirt, hirte, OHG. hirti, Icel. hirir, Sw. herde, Dan. hyrde, Goth. ha\'a1rdeis. See 2d Herd.] One who herds or assembles domestic animals; a herdsman; -- much used in composition; as, a shepherd; a goatherd, and the like. Chaucer. Herd Herd, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Herded; p. pr. & vb. n. Herding.] [See 2d Herd.] 1. To unite or associate in a herd; to feed or run together, or in company; as, sheep herd on many hills. 2. To associate; to ally one's self with, or place one's self among, a group or company. I'll herd among his friends, and seem One of the number. Addison. 3. To act as a herdsman or a shepherd. [Scot.] Herd Herd, v. t. To form or put into a herd. Herdbook Herd"book` (?), n. A book containing the list and pedigrees of one or more herds of choice breeds of cattle; -- also called herd record, or herd register. Herder Herd"er (?), n. A herdsman. [R.] Herderite Her"der*ite (?), n. [Named after Baron von Herder, who discovered it.] (Min.) A rare fluophosphate of glucina, in small white crystals. Herdess Herd"ess (?), n. A shepherdess; a female herder. Sir P. Sidney. Chaucer. Herdgroom Herd"groom` (?), n. A herdsman. [Obs.] Herdic Her"dic (?), n. [Named from Peter Herdic, the inventor.] A kind of low-hung cab. Herdman, Herdsman Herd"man (?), Herds"man (?), n.; pl. -men (. The owner or keeper of a herd or of herds; one employed in tending a herd of cattle. Herdswoman Herds"wom`an (?), n.; pl. -women (. A woman who tends a herd. Sir W. Scott. Here Here (?), n. Hair. [Obs.] Chaucer. Here Here (?), pron. 1. See Her, their. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Her; hers. See Her. [Obs.] Chaucer. Here Here (?), adv. [OE. her, AS. h; akin to OS. h, D. hier, OHG. hiar, G. hier, Icel. & Goth. h, Dan. her, Sw. h\'84r; fr. root of E. he. See He.] 1. In this place; in the place where the speaker is; -- opposed to there. He is not here, for he is risen. Matt. xxviii. 6. 2. In the present life or state. Happy here, and more happy hereafter. Bacon. 3. To or into this place; hither. [Colloq.] See Thither. Here comes Virgil. B. Jonson. Thou led'st me here. Byron. 4. At this point of time, or of an argument; now. The prisoner here made violent efforts to rise. Warren. NOTE: &hand; He re, in th e last sense, is sometimes used before a verb without subject; as, Here goes, for Now (something or somebody) goes; -- especially occurring thus in drinking healths. "Here's [a health] to thee, Dick." Cowley. Here and there, in one place and another; in a dispersed manner; irregularly. "Footsteps here and there." Longfellow. -- It is neither, here nor there, it is neither in this place nor in that, neither in one place nor in another; hence, it is to no purpose, irrelevant, nonsense.<-- mostly used to mean "irrelevant" --> Shak. Herea-bout, Hereabouts Here"a-bout` (?), Here"a*bouts` (?), adv. 1. About this place; in this vicinity. 2. Concerning this. [Obs.] Hereafter Here*aft"er (?), adv. [AS. hr\'91fter.] In time to come; in some future time or state. Hereafter he from war shall come. Dryden. Hereafter Here*aft"er, n. A future existence or state. <-- Syn. afterlife, the life to come, future life, eternal bliss, eternal reward, --> 'Tis Heaven itself that points out an hereafter. Addison. Hereafterward Here*aft"er*ward (?), adv. Hereafter. [Obs.] Thou shalt hereafterward . . . come. Chaucer. Here-at Here-at" (?), adv. At, or by reason of, this; as, he was offended hereat. Hooker. Hereby Here*by" (?), adv. 1. By means of this. And hereby we do know that we know him. 1 John ii. 3. 2. Close by; very near. [Obs.] Shak. Hereditability He*red`i*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. State of being hereditable. Brydges. Hereditable He*red"i*ta*ble (?), a. [LL. hereditabilis, fr. hereditare to inherit, fr. L. hereditas heirship inheritance, heres heir: cf. OF. hereditable. See Heir, and cf. Heritable.] 1. Capable of being inherited. See Inheritable. Locke. 2. Qualified to inherit; capable of inheriting. Hereditably He*red"i*ta*bly, adv. By inheritance. W. Tooke. Hereditament Her`e*dit"a*ment (?), n. [LL. hereditamentum. See Hereditable.] (Law) Any species of property that may be inherited; lands, tenements, anything corporeal or incorporeal, real, personal, or mixed, that may descend to an heir. Blackstone. NOTE: &hand; A co rporeal hereditament is visible and tangible; an incorporeal hereditament is not in itself visible or tangible, being an hereditary right, interest, or obligation, as duty to pay rent, or a right of way. Hereditarily He*red"i*ta*ri*ly (?), adv. By inheritance; in an hereditary manner. Pope. Hereditary He*red"i*ta*ry (?), a. [L. hereditarius, fr. hereditas heirship, inheritance, fr. heres heir: cf. F. h\'82r\'82ditaire. See Heir.] 1. Descended, or capable of descending, from an ancestor to an heir at law; received or passing by inheritance, or that must pass by inheritance; as, an hereditary estate or crown. 2. Transmitted, or capable of being transmitted, as a constitutional quality or condition from a parent to a child; as, hereditary pride, bravery, disease. Syn. -- Ancestral; patrimonial; inheritable. Heredity He*red"i*ty (?), n. [L. hereditas heirship.] (Biol.) Hereditary transmission of the physical and psychical qualities of parents to their offspring; the biological law by which living beings tend to repeat their characteristics in their descendants. See Pangenesis. Hereford Her"e*ford (?), n. One of a breed of cattle originating in Herefordshire, England. The Herefords are good working animals, and their beef-producing quality is excellent. Herehence Here"hence` (?), adv. From hence. [Obs.] Herein Here*in" (?), adv. [AS. hrinne.] In this. Herein is my Father glorified, that ye bear much fruit. John xv. 8. Hereinafter Here`in*aft"er (?), adv. In the following part of this (writing, document, speech, and the like). Hereinbefore Here`in*be*fore", adv. In the preceding part of this (writing, document, book, etc.). Hereinto Here`in*to" (?; 277), adv. Into this. Hooker. Heremit, Heremite Her"e*mit (?), Her"e*mite (?), n. [See Hermit.] A hermit. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Heremitical Her`e*mit"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a hermit; solitary; secluded from society. Pope. Heren Her"en (?), a. Made of hair. [Obs.] Chaucer. Hereof Here*of" (?), adv. Of this; concerning this; from this; hence. Hereof comes it that Prince Harry is valiant. Shak. Hereon Here*on" (?), adv. On or upon this; hereupon. Hereout Here*out" (?), adv. Out of this. [Obs.] Spenser. Heresiarch Her"e*si*arch (?; 277), n. [L. haeresiarcha, Gr. h\'82r\'82siarque.] A leader in heresy; the chief of a sect of heretics. Bp. Stillingfleet. Heresiarchy Her"e*si*arch`y (?), n. A chief or great heresy. [R.] The book itself [the Alcoran] consists of heresiarchies against our blessed Savior. Sir T. Herbert. Heresiographer Her`e*si*og"ra*pher (?), n. [See Heresiography.] One who writes on heresies. Heresiography Her`e*si*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. h\'82r\'82siographie.] A treatise on heresy. Heresy Her"e*sy (?), n.; pl. Heresies (#). [OE. heresie, eresie, OF. heresie, iresie, F. h\'82r\'82sie, L. haeresis, Gr. _________________________________________________________________ Page 688 1. An opinion held in opposition to the established or commonly received doctrine, and tending to promote a division or party, as in politics, literature, philosophy, etc.; -- usually, but not necessarily, said in reproach. New opinions Divers and dangerous, which are heresies, And, not reformed, may prove pernicious. Shak. After the study of philosophy began in Greece, and the philosophers, disagreeing amongst themselves, had started many questions . . . because every man took what opinion he pleased, each several opinion was called a heresy; which signified no more than a private opinion, without reference to truth or falsehood. Hobbes. 2. (Theol.) Religious opinion opposed to the authorized doctrinal standards of any particular church, especially when tending to promote schism or separation; lack of orthodox or sound belief; rejection of, or erroneous belief in regard to, some fundamental religious doctrine or truth; heterodoxy. Doubts 'mongst divines, and difference of texts, From whence arise diversity of sects, And hateful heresies by God abhor'd. Spenser. Deluded people! that do not consider that the greatest heresy in the world is a wicked life. Tillotson. 3. (Law) An offense against Christianity, consisting in a denial of some essential doctrine, which denial is publicly avowed, and obstinately maintained. A second offense is that of heresy, which consists not in a total denial of Christianity, but of some its essential doctrines, publicly and obstinately avowed. Blackstone. NOTE: &hand; "W hen I ca ll du eling, an d si milar aberrations of honor, a moral heresy, I refer to the force of the Greek Coleridge. Heretic Her"e*tic (?), n. [L. haereticus, Gr. h\'82r\'82tique. See Heresy.] 1. One who holds to a heresy; one who believes some doctrine contrary to the established faith or prevailing religion.