W W (?), the twenty-third letter of the English alphabet, is usually a consonant, but sometimes it is a vowel, forming the second element of certain diphthongs, as in few, how. It takes its written form and its name from the repetition of a V, this being the original form of the Roman capital letter which we call U. Etymologically it is most related to v and u. See V, and U. Some of the uneducated classes in England, especially in London, confuse w and v, substituting the one for the other, as weal for veal, and veal for weal; wine for vine, and vine for wine, etc. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 266-268. Waag Waag (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The grivet. Waahoo Waa*hoo" (?), n. (Bot.) The burning bush; -- said to be called after a quack medicine made from it. Wabble Wab"ble (?), v. i. [Cf. Prov. G. wabbeln to wabble, and E. whap. Cf. Quaver.] To move staggeringly or unsteadily from one side to the other; to vacillate; to move the manner of a rotating disk when the axis of rotation is inclined to that of the disk; -- said of a turning or whirling body; as, a top wabbles; a buzz saw wabbles. <-- now replaced by wobble. --> Wabble Wab"ble, n. A hobbling, unequal motion, as of a wheel unevenly hung; a staggering to and fro. Wabbly Wab"bly (?), a. Inclined to wabble; wabbling. Wacke, Wacky Wack"e (?), Wack"y (?), n. [G. wacke, MHG.wacke a large stone, OHG. waggo a pebble.] (Geol.) A soft, earthy, dark-colored rock or clay derived from the alteration of basalt. Wad Wad (?), n. [See Woad.] Woad. [Obs.] Wad Wad, n. [Probably of Scand. origin; cf. Sw. vadd wadding, Dan vat, D. & G. watte. Cf. Wadmol.] 1. A little mass, tuft, or bundle, as of hay or tow. Holland. 2. Specifically: A little mass of some soft or flexible material, such as hay, straw, tow, paper, or old rope yarn, used for retaining a charge of powder in a gun, or for keeping the powder and shot close; also, to diminish or avoid the effects of windage. Also, by extension, a dusk of felt, pasteboard, etc., serving a similar purpose. 3. A soft mass, especially of some loose, fibrous substance, used for various purposes, as for stopping an aperture, padding a garment, etc. Wed hook, a rod with a screw or hook at the end, used for removing the wad from a gun. Wad Wad, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Waded; p. pr. & vb. n. Wadding.] 1. To form into a mass, or wad, or into wadding; as, to wad tow or cotton. 2. To insert or crowd a wad into; as, to wad a gun; also, to stuff or line with some soft substance, or wadding, like cotton; as, to wad a cloak. Wad, Wadd Wad, Wadd, n. (Min.) (a) An earthy oxide of manganese, or mixture of different oxides and water, with some oxide of iron, and often silica, alumina, lime, or baryta; black ocher. There are several varieties. (b) Plumbago, or black lead. Wadding Wad"ding (?), n. [See Wad a little mass.] 1. A wad, or the materials for wads; any pliable substance of which wads may be made. 2. Any soft stuff of loose texture, used for stuffing or padding garments; esp., sheets of carded cotton prepared for the purpose. Waddle Wad"dle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Waddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Waddling (?).] [Freq. of wade; cf. AS. w\'91dlian to beg, from wadan to go. See Wade.] To walk with short steps, swaying the body from one side to the other, like a duck or very fat person; to move clumsily and totteringly along; to toddle; to stumble; as, a child waddles when he begins to walk; a goose waddles. Shak. She drawls her words, and waddles in her pace. Young. Waddle Wad"dle, v. t. To trample or tread down, as high grass, by walking through it. [R.] Drayton. Waddler Wad"dler (?), n. One who, or that which, waddles. Waddlingly Wad"dling*ly, adv. In a waddling manner. Wade Wade (?), n. Woad. [Obs.] Mortimer. Wade Wade (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Waded; p. pr. & vb. n. Wading.] [OE. waden to wade, to go, AS. wadan; akin to OFries. wada, D. waden, OHG. watan, Icel. va, Sw. vada, Dan. vade, L. vadere to go, walk, vadum a ford. Cf. Evade, Invade, Pervade, Waddle.] 1. To go; to move forward. [Obs.] When might is joined unto cruelty, Alas, too deep will the venom wade. Chaucer. Forbear, and wade no further in this speech. Old Play. 2. To walk in a substance that yields to the feet; to move, sinking at each step, as in water, mud, sand, etc. So eagerly the fiend . . . With head, hands, wings, or feet, pursues his way, And swims, or sinks, or wades, or creeps, or flies. Milton. 3. Hence, to move with difficulty or labor; to proceed as, to wade through a dull book. And wades through fumes, and gropes his way. Dryden. The king's admirable conduct has waded through all these difficulties. Davenant. Wade Wade, v. t. To pass or cross by wading; as, he waded . Wade Wade (?), n. The act of wading. [Colloq.] Wader Wad"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, wades. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any long-legged bird that wades in the water in search of food, especially any species of limicoline or grallatorial birds; -- called also wading bird. See Illust. g, under Aves. Wading Wad"ing, a. & n. from Wade, v. Wading bird. (Zo\'94l.) See Wader, 2. Wadmol Wad"mol (?), n. [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel.va a woollen stuff, Dan vadmel. Cf. Wad a small mass, and Woodmeil.] A coarse, hairy, woolen cloth, formerly used for garments by the poor, and for various other purposes. [Spelled also wadmal, wadmeal, wadmoll, wadmel, etc.] Beck (Draper's Dict.). Sir W. Scott. Wadset Wad"set (?), n. [Scot. wad a pledge; akin to Sw. vad a wager. See Wed.] (Scots Law) A kind of pledge or mortgage. [Written also wadsett.] Wadsetter Wad"set*ter (?), n. One who holds by a wadset. Wady Wad"y (?), n.; pl. Wadies (#). [Ar. w\'bed\'c6 a valley, a channel of a river, a river.] A ravine through which a brook flows; the channel of a water course, which is dry except in the rainy season. Wae Wae (?), n. A wave. [Obs.] Spenser. Waeg Waeg (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The kittiwake. [Scot.] Wafer Wa"fer (?), n. [OE. wafre, OF. waufre, qaufre, F. qaufre; of Teutonic origin; cf. LG. & D. wafel, G. waffel, Dan. vaffel, Sw. v\'86ffla; all akin to G. wabe a honeycomb, OHG. waba, being named from the resemblance to a honeycomb. G. wabe is probably akin to E. weave. See Weave, and cf. Waffle, Gauffer.] 1. (Cookery) A thin cake made of flour and other ingredients. Wafers piping hot out of the gleed. Chaucer. The curious work in pastry, the fine cakes, wafers, and marchpanes. Holland. A woman's oaths are wafers -- break with making B. Jonson. 2. (Eccl.) A thin cake or piece of bread (commonly unleavened, circular, and stamped with a crucifix or with the sacred monogram) used in the Eucharist, as in the Roman Catholic Church. 3. An adhesive disk of dried paste, made of flour, gelatin, isinglass, or the like, and coloring matter, -- used in sealing letters and other documents. <-- 4. Any thin but rigid plate of solid material, esp. of discoidal shape; -- a term used commonly to refer to the thin slices of silicon used as starting material for the manufacture of integrated circuits. --> Wafer cake, a sweet, thin cake. Shak. -- Wafer irons, OR Wafer tongs (Cookery), a pincher-shaped contrivance, having flat plates, or blades, between which wafers are baked. -- Wafer woman, a woman who sold wafer cakes; also, one employed in amorous intrigues. Beau. & Fl. Wafer Wa"fer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wafered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wafering.] To seal or close with a wafer. Waferer Wa"fer*er (?), n. A dealer in the cakes called wafers; a confectioner. [Obs.] Chaucer. Waffle Waffle (?), n. [D. wafel. See Wafer.] 1. A thin cake baked and then rolled; a wafer. 2. A soft indented cake cooked in a waffle iron. Waffle iron, an iron utensil or mold made in two parts shutting together, -- used for cooking waffles over a fire. Waft Waft (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wafted; p. pr. & vb. n. Wafting.] [Prob. originally imp. & p. p. of wave, v. t. See Wave to waver.] 1. To give notice to by waving something; to wave the hand to; to beckon. [Obs.] But soft: who wafts us yonder? Shak. 2. To cause to move or go in a wavy manner, or by the impulse of waves, as of water or air; to bear along on a buoyant medium; as, a balloon was wafted over the channel. A gentle wafting to immortal life. Milton. Speed the soft intercourse from soul to soul, And waft a sigh from Indus to the pole. Pope. 3. To cause to float; to keep from sinking; to buoy. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. NOTE: &hand; This verb is regular; but waft was formerly somwafted. Waft Waft, v. i. To be moved, or to pass, on a buoyant medium; to float. And now the shouts waft near the citadel. Dryden. Waft Waft, n. 1. A wave or current of wind. "Everywaft of the air." Longfellow. In this dire season, oft the whirlwind's wing Sweeps up the burden of whole wintry plains In one wide waft. Thomson. 2. A signal made by waving something, as a flag, in the air. 3. An unpleasant flavor. [Obs.] 4. (Naut.) A knot, or stop, in the middle of a flag. [Written also wheft.] NOTE: &hand; A fl ag with a waft in it, when hoisted at the staff, or half way to the gaff, means, a man overboard; at the peak, a desire to communicate; at the masthead, "Recall boats." Waftage Waft"age (?), n. Conveyance on a buoyant medium, as air or water. Shak. Boats prepared for waftage to and fro. Drayton. Wafter Waft"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, wafts. O Charon, Thou wafter of the soul to bliss or bane. Beau. & FL. 2. A boat for passage. Ainsworth. Wafture Waf"ture (?), n. The act of waving; a wavelike motion; a waft. R. Browning. An angry wafture of your hand. Shak. Wag Wag (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wagging.] [OE. waggen; probably of Scand. origin; cf. Sw. vagga to rock a cradle, vagga cradle, Icel. vagga, Dan. vugge; akin to AS. wagian to move, wag, wegan to bear, carry, G. & D. bewegen to move, and E. weigh. \'fb136. See Weigh.] To move one way and the other with quick turns; to shake to and fro; to move vibratingly; to cause to vibrate, as a part of the body; as, to wag the head. No discerner durst wag his tongue in censure. Shak. Every one that passeth thereby shall be astonished, and wag his head. Jer. xviii. 16. NOTE: &hand; Wa g expresses specifically the motion of the head and body used in buffoonery, mirth, derision, sport, and mockery. Wag Wag, v. i. 1. To move one way and the other; to be shaken to and fro; to vibrate. The resty sieve wagged ne'er the more. Dryden. 2. To be in action or motion; to move; to get along; to progress; to stir. [Colloq.] "Thus we may see," quoth he, "how the world wags." Shak. 3. To go; to depart; to pack oft. [R.] I will provoke him to 't, or let him wag. Shak. Wag Wag, n. [From Wag, v.] 1. The act of wagging; a shake; as, a wag of the head. [Colloq.] 2. [Perhaps shortened from wag-halter a rogue.] A man full of sport and humor; a ludicrous fellow; a humorist; a wit; a joker. We wink at wags when they offend. Dryden. A counselor never pleaded without a piece of pack thread in his hand, which he used to twist about a finger all the while he was speaking; the wags used to call it the thread of his discourse. Addison. Wagati Wa*ga"ti (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small East Indian wild cat (Felis wagati), regarded by some as a variety of the leopard cat. Wage Wage (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Waged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Waging (?).] [OE. wagen, OF. wagier, gagier, to pledge, promise, F. gager to wager, lay, bet, fr. LL. wadium a pledge; of Teutonic origin; cf. Goth. wadi a pledge, gawadj\'d3n to pledge, akin to E. wed, G. wette a wager. See Wed, and cf. Gage.] 1. To pledge; to hazard on the event of a contest; to stake; to bet, to lay; to wager; as, to wage a dollar. Hakluyt. My life I never but as a pawn To wage against thy enemies. Shak. 2. To expose one's self to, as a risk; to incur, as a danger; to venture; to hazard. "Too weak to wage an instant trial with the king." Shak. To wake and wage a danger profitless. Shak. 3. To engage in, as a contest, as if by previous gage or pledge; to carry on, as a war. [He pondered] which of all his sons was fit To reign and wage immortal war with wit. Dryden. The two are waging war, and the one triumphs by the destruction of the other. I. Taylor. 4. To adventure, or lay out, for hire or reward; to hire out. [Obs.] "Thou . . . must wage thy works for wealth." Spenser. 5. To put upon wages; to hire; to employ; to pay wages to. [Obs.] Abundance of treasure which he had in store, wherewith he might wage soldiers. Holinshed. I would have them waged for their labor. Latimer. 6. (O. Eng. Law) To give security for the performance of. Burrill. To wage battle (O. Eng. Law), to give gage, or security, for joining in the duellum, or combat. See Wager of battel, under Wager, n. Burrill. -- To wage one's law (Law), to give security to make one's law. See Wager of law, under Wager, n. Wage Wage, v. i. To bind one's self; to engage. [Obs.] Wage Wage, n. [OF. wage, gage, guarantee, engagement. See Wage, v. t. ] 1. That which is staked or ventured; that for which one incurs risk or danger; prize; gage. [Obs.] "That warlike wage." Spenser. 2. That for which one labors; meed; reward; stipulated payment for service performed; hire; pay; compensation; -- at present generally used in the plural. See Wages. "My day's wage." Sir W. Scott. "At least I earned my wage." Thackeray. "Pay them a wage in advance." J. Morley. "The wages of virtue." Tennyson. By Tom Thumb, a fairy page, He sent it, and doth him engage, By promise of a mighty wage, It secretly to carry. Drayton. Our praises are our wages. Shak. Existing legislation on the subject of wages. Encyc. Brit. NOTE: &hand; Wa ge is us ed ad jectively an d as the first part of compounds which are usually self-explaining; as, wage worker, or wage-worker; wage-earner, etc. Board wages. See under 1st Board. Syn. -- Hire; reward; stipend; salary; allowance; pay; compensation; remuneration; fruit. Wagel Wag"el (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Waggel. Wagenboom Wa"gen*boom` (?), n. [D., literally, wagon tree.] (Bot.) A south African proteaceous tree (Protea grandiflora); also, its tough wood, used for making wagon wheels. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1622 Wager Wa"ger (?), n. [OE. wager, wajour, OF. wagiere, or wageure, E. gageure. See Wage, v. t.] 1. Something deposited, laid, or hazarded on the event of a contest or an unsettled question; a bet; a stake; a pledge. Besides these plates for horse races, the wagers may be as the persons please. Sir W. Temple. If any atheist can stake his soul for a wager against such an inexhaustible disproportion, let him never hereafter accuse others of credulity. Bentley. 2. (Law) A contract by which two parties or more agree that a certain sum of money, or other thing, shall be paid or delivered to one of them, on the happening or not happening of an uncertain event. Bouvier. NOTE: &hand; At co mmon la w a wa ger is co nsidered as a legal contract which the courts must enforce unless it be on a subject contrary to public policy, or immoral, or tending to the detriment of the public, or affecting the interest, feelings, or character of a third person. In many of the United States an action can not be sustained upon any wager or bet. Chitty. Bouvier. 3. That on which bets are laid; the subject of a bet. Wager of battel, OR Wager of battle (O. Eng. Law), the giving of gage, or pledge, for trying a cause by single combat, formerly allowed in military, criminal, and civil causes. In writs of right, where the trial was by champions, the tenant produced his champion, who, by throwing down his glove as a gage, thus waged, or stipulated, battle with the champion of the demandant, who, by taking up the glove, accepted the challenge. The wager of battel, which has been long in disuse, was abolished in England in 1819, by a statute passed in consequence of a defendant's having waged his battle in a case which arose about that period. See Battel. -- Wager of law (Law), the giving of gage, or sureties, by a defendant in an action of debt, that at a certain day assigned he would take a law, or oath, in open court, that he did not owe the debt, and at the same time bring with him eleven neighbors (called compurgators), who should avow upon their oaths that they believed in their consciences that he spoke the truth. -- Wager policy. (Insurance Law) See under Policy. Wager Wa"ger, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wagered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wagering.] To hazard on the issue of a contest, or on some question that is to be decided, or on some casualty; to lay; to stake; to bet. And wagered with him Pieces of gold 'gainst this which he wore. Shak. Wager Wa"ger, v. i. To make a bet; to lay a wager. 'T was merry when You wagered on your angling. Shak. Wagerer Wa"ger*er (?), n. One who wagers, or lays a bet. Wagering Wa"ger*ing, a. Hazarding; pertaining to the act of one who wagers. Wagering policy. (Com.) See Wager policy, under Policy. Wages Wa"ges (?), n. plural in termination, but singular in signification. [Plural of wage; cf. F. gages, pl., wages, hire. See Wage, n.] A compensation given to a hired person for services; price paid for labor; recompense; hire. See Wage, n., 2. The wages of sin is death. Rom. vi. 23. Wages fund (Polit. Econ.), the aggregate capital existing at any time in any country, which theoretically is unconditionally destined to be paid out in wages. It was formerly held, by Mill and other political economists, that the average rate of wages in any country at any time depended upon the relation of the wages fund to the number of laborers. This theory has been greatly modified by the discovery of other conditions affecting wages, which it does not take into account. Encyc. Brit. Syn. -- See under Wage, n. Waggel Wag"gel (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The young of the great black-backed gull (Larus marinus), formerly considered a distinct species. [Prov. Eng.] Waggery Wag"ger*y (?), n.; pl. Waggeries (#). [From Wag.] The manner or action of a wag; mischievous merriment; sportive trick or gayety; good-humored sarcasm; pleasantry; jocularity; as, the waggery of a schoolboy. Locke. A drollery and lurking waggery of expression. W. Irving. Waggie Wag"gie (?), n. The pied wagtail. [Prov. Eng.] Waggish Wag"gish , a. 1. Like a wag; mischievous in sport; roguish in merriment or good humor; frolicsome. "A company of waggish boys." L'Estrange. 2. Done, made, or laid in waggery or for sport; sportive; humorous; as, a waggish trick. -- Wag"gish*ly, adv. -- Wag"gish*ness, n. Waggle Wag"gle (?), v. i. [Freq. of wag; cf. D. waggelen, G. wackeln.] To reel, sway, or move from side to side; to move with a wagging motion; to waddle. Why do you go nodding and waggling so? L'Estrange. Waggle Wag"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Waggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Waggling (?).] To move frequently one way and the other; to wag; as, a bird waggles his tail. Wag-halter Wag"-hal`ter (?), n. [Wag + halter.] One who moves or wears a halter; one likely to be hanged. [Colloq. & Obs.] I can tell you, I am a mad wag-halter. Marston. Wagnerite Wag"ner*ite (?), n. (Min.) A fluophosphate of magnesia, occurring in yellowish crystals, and also in massive forms. Wagon Wag"on (?), n. [D. wagen. &root;136. See Wain.] 1. A wheeled carriage; a vehicle on four wheels, and usually drawn by horses; especially, one used for carrying freight or merchandise. NOTE: &hand; In th e Un ited States, light wagons are used for the conveyance of persons and light commodities. 2. A freight car on a railway. [Eng.] 3. A chariot [Obs.] Spenser. 4. (Astron.) The Dipper, or Charles's Wain. NOTE: &hand; This word and its compounds are often written with two g's (waggon, waggonage, etc.), chiefly in England. The forms wagon, wagonage, etc., are, however, etymologically preferable, and in the United States are almost universally used. Wagon boiler. See the Note under Boiler, 3. -- Wagon ceiling (Arch.), a semicircular, or wagon-headed, arch or ceiling; -- sometimes used also of a ceiling whose section is polygonal instead of semicircular. -- Wagon master, an officer or person in charge of one or more wagons, especially of those used for transporting freight, as the supplies of an army, and the like. -- Wagon shoe, a skid, or shoe, for retarding the motion of a wagon wheel; a drag. -- Wagon vault. (Arch.) See under 1st Vault. Wagon Wag"on (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wagoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wagoning.] To transport in a wagon or wagons; as, goods are wagoned from city to city. Wagon Wag"on, v. i. To wagon goods as a business; as, the man wagons between Philadelphia and its suburbs. Wagonage Wag"on*age (?), n. 1. Money paid for carriage or conveyance in wagon. 2. A collection of wagons; wagons, collectively. Wagonage, provender, and a piece or two of cannon. Carlyle. Wagoner Wag"on*er (?), n. 1. One who conducts a wagon; one whose business it is to drive a wagon. 2. (Astron.) The constellation Charles's Wain, or Ursa Major. See Ursa major, under Ursa. Wagonette Wag`on*ette" (?), n. A kind of pleasure wagon, uncovered and with seats extended along the sides, designed to carry six or eight persons besides the driver. Wagonful Wag"on*ful (?), n.; pl. Wagonfuls (. As much as a wagon will hold; enough to fill a wagon; a wagonload. Wagon-headed Wag"on-head`ed (?), a. Having a top, or head, shaped like the top of a covered wagon, or resembling in section or outline an inverted U, thus as, a wagonheaded ceiling. Wagonload Wag"on*load` (?), n. Same as Wagonful. Wagon-roofed Wag"on-roofed` (?), a. Having a roof, or top, shaped like an inverted U; wagon-headed. Wagonry Wag"on*ry (?), n. Conveyance by means of a wagon or wagons. [Obs.] Milton. Wagonwright Wag"on*wright` (?), n. One who makes wagons. Wagtail Wag"tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of many species of Old World singing birds belonging to Motacilla and several allied genera of the family Motacillid\'91. They have the habit of constantly jerking their long tails up and down, whence the name. Field wagtail, any one of several species of wagtails of the genus Budytes having the tail shorter, the legs longer, and the hind claw longer and straighter, than do the water wagtails. Most of the species are yellow beneath. Called also yellow wagtail. -- Garden wagtail, the Indian black-breasted wagtail (Nemoricola Indica). -- Pied wagtail, the common European water wagtail (Motacilla lugubris). It is variegated with black and white. The name is applied also to other allied species having similar colors. Called also pied dishwasher. -- Wagtail flycatcher, a true flycatcher (Sauloprocta motacilloides) common in Southern Australia, where it is very tame, and frequents stock yards and gardens and often builds its nest about houses; -- called also black fantail. -- Water wagtail. (a) Any one of several species of wagtails of the restricted genus Motacilla. They live chiefly on the shores of ponds and streams. (b) The American water thrush. See Water thrush. -- Wood wagtail, an Asiatic wagtail; (Calobates sulphurea) having a slender bill and short legs. Wah Wah (w&aum;), n. (Zo\'94l.) The panda. Wahabee Wa*ha"bee (?), n. [Ar. wah\'bebi.] A follower of Abdel Wahab (b. 1691; d. 1787), a reformer of Mohammedanism. His doctrines prevail particularly among the Bedouins, and the sect, though checked in its influence, extends to most parts of Arabia, and also into India. [Written also Wahaby.] Waid Waid (?), a. [For weighed.] Oppressed with weight; crushed; weighed down. [Obs.] Tusser. Waif Waif (?), n. [OF. waif, gaif, as adj., lost, unclaimed, chose gaive a waif, LL. wayfium, res vaivae; of Scand. origin. See Waive.] 1. (Eng. Law.) Goods found of which the owner is not known; originally, such goods as a pursued thief threw away to prevent being apprehended, which belonged to the king unless the owner made pursuit of the felon, took him, and brought him to justice. Blackstone. 2. Hence, anything found, or without an owner; that which comes along, as it were, by chance. "Rolling in his mind old waifs of rhyme." Tennyson. 3. A wanderer; a castaway; a stray; a homeless child. A waif Desirous to return, and not received. Cowper. Waift Waift (?), n. A waif. [Obs.] Spenser. Wail Wail (?), v. t. [Cf. Icel. val choice, velja to choose, akin to Goth. waljan, G. w\'84hlen.] To choose; to select. [Obs.] "Wailed wine and meats." Henryson. Wail Wail, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wailing.] [OE. wailen, weilen, probably fr. Icel. v\'91la; cf. Icel. v\'91, vei, woe, and E. wayment, also OE. wai, wei, woe. Cf. Woe.] To lament; to bewail; to grieve over; as, to wail one's death. Shak. Wail Wail, v. i. To express sorrow audibly; to make mournful outcry; to weep. Therefore I will wail and howl. Micah i. 8. Wail Wail, n. Loud weeping; violent lamentation; wailing. "The wail of the forest." Longfellow. Wailer Wail"er (?), n. One who wails or laments. Waileress Wail"er*ess (?), n. A woman who wails. [Obs.] Wailful Wail"ful (?), a. Sorrowful; mournful. " Like wailful widows." Spenser. "Wailful sonnets." Shak. Wailingly Wail"ing*ly, adv. In a wailing manner. Wailment Wail"ment (?), n. Lamentation; loud weeping; wailing. [Obs.] Bp. Hacket. Waiment Wai"ment (?). v. & n. See Wayment. [Obs.] Wain Wain (?), n. [OE. wain, AS. w\'91gn; akin to D. & G. wagen, OHG. wagan, Icel. & Sw. vagn, Dan. vogn, and E. way. Way, Weigh, and cf. Wagon.] 1. A four-wheeled vehicle for the transportation of goods, produce, etc.; a wagon. The wardens see nothing but a wain of hay. Jeffrey. Driving in ponderous wains their household goods to the seashore. Longfellow. 2. A chariot. [Obs.] The Wain. (Astron.) See Charles's Wain, in the Vocabulary. -- Wain rope, a cart rope. Shak. Wainable Wain"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being plowed or cultivated; arable; tillable. [Obs.] Cowell. Wainage Wain"age (?; 48), n. [From Wain.] A finding of carriages, carts, etc., for the transportation of goods, produce, etc. Ainsworth. Wainage Wain"age, n. (O. Eng. Law) See Gainage, a. Wainbote Wain"bote` (?), n. [Wain + bote.] (O. Eng. Law) See Cartbote. See also the Note under Bote. Wainscot Wain"scot (?), n. [OD. waeghe-schot, D. wagen-schot, a clapboard, fr. OD. waeg, weeg, a wall (akin to AS. wah; cf. Icel. veggr) + schot a covering of boards (akin to E. shot, shoot).] 1. Oaken timber or boarding. [Obs.] A wedge wainscot is fittest and most proper for cleaving of an oaken tree. Urquhart. Inclosed in a chest of wainscot. J. Dart. 2. (Arch.) A wooden lining or boarding of the walls of apartments, usually made in panels. 3. 3. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of European moths of the family Leucanid\'91. NOTE: &hand; Th ey are reddish or yellowish, streaked or lined with black and white. Their larv\'91 feed on grasses and sedges. Wainscot Wain"scot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wainscoted; p. pr. & vb. n. Wainscoting.] To line with boards or panelwork, or as if with panelwork; as, to wainscot a hall. Music soundeth better in chambers wainscoted than hanged. Bacon. The other is wainscoted with looking-glass. Addison. Wainscoting Wain"scot*ing, n. 1. The act or occupation of covering or lining with boards in panel. 2. The material used to wainscot a house, or the wainscot as a whole; panelwork. Wainwright Wain"wright` (?), n. Same as Wagonwright. Wair Wair (?), n. (Carp.) A piece of plank two yard Bailey. Waist Waist (?), n. [OE. wast; originally, growth, akin to AS. weaxan to grow; cf. AS. w\'91stm growth. See Wax to grow.] 1. That part of the human body which is immediately below the ribs or thorax; the small part of the body between the thorax and hips. Chaucer. I am in the waist two yards about. Shak. 2. Hence, the middle part of other bodies; especially (Naut.), that part of a vessel's deck, bulwarks, etc., which is between the quarter-deck and the forecastle; the middle part of the ship. 3. A garment, or part of a garment, which covers the body from the neck or shoulders to the waist line. 4. A girdle or belt for the waist. [Obs.] Shak. Waist anchor. See Sheet anchor, 1, in the Vocabulary. Waistband Waist"band (?), n. 1. The band which encompasses the waist; esp., one on the upper part of breeches, trousers, pantaloons, skirts, or the like. 2. A sash worn by women around the waist. [R.] Waistcloth Waist"cloth (?), n. 1. A cloth or wrapper worn about the waist; by extension, such a garment worn about the hips and passing between the thighs. 2. (Naut.) A covering of canvas or tarpaulin for the hammocks, stowed on the nettings, between the quarterdeck and the forecastle. Waistcoat Waist"coat (?), n. (a) A short, sleeveless coat or garment for men, worn under the coat, extending no lower than the hips, and covering the waist; a vest. (b) A garment occasionally worn by women as a part of fashionable costume. NOTE: &hand; Th e wa istcoat was a part of female attire as well as male . . . It was only when the waistcoat was worn without a gown or upper dress that it was considered the mark of a mad or profligate woman. Nares. Syn. -- See Vest. Waistcoateer Waist`coat*eer" (?), n. One wearing a waistcoat; esp., a woman wearing one uncovered, or thought fit for such a habit; hence, a loose woman; strumpet. [Obs.] Do you think you are here, sir, Amongst your waistcoateers, your base wenches? Beau. & Fl. Waistcoating Waist"coat*ing, n. A fabric designed for waistcoats; esp., one in which there is a pattern, differently colored yarns being used. Waister Waist"er (?), n. (Naut.) A seaman, usually a green hand or a broken-down man, stationed in the waist of a vessel of war. R. H. Dana, Jr. Wait Wait (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Waited; p. pr. & vb. n. Waiting.] [OE. waiten, OF. waitier, gaitier, to watch, attend, F. guetter to watch, to wait for, fr. OHG. wahta a guard, watch, G. wacht, from OHG. wahh\'c7n to watch, be awake. \'fb134. See Wake, v. i.] 1. To watch; to observe; to take notice. [Obs.] "But [unless] ye wait well and be privy, I wot right well, I am but dead," quoth she. Chaucer. 2. To stay or rest in expectation; to stop or remain stationary till the arrival of some person or event; to rest in patience; to stay; not to depart. All the days of my appointed time will I wait, till my change come. Job xiv. 14. They also serve who only stand and wait. Milton. Haste, my dear father; 't is no time to wait. Dryden. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1623 To wait on OR upon. (a) To attend, as a servant; to perform services for; as, to wait on a gentleman; to wait on the table. "Authority and reason on her wait." Milton. "I must wait on myself, must I?" Shak. (b) To attend; to go to see; to visit on business or for ceremony. (c) To follow, as a consequence; to await. "That ruin that waits on such a supine temper." Dr. H. More. (d) To look watchfully at; to follow with the eye; to watch. [R.] "It is a point of cunning to wait upon him with whom you speak with your eye." Bacon. (e) To attend to; to perform. "Aaron and his sons . . . shallwait on their priest's office." Num. iii. 10. (f) (Falconry) To fly above its master, waiting till game is sprung; -- said of a hawk. Encyc. Brit. Wait Wait (?), v. t. 1. To stay for; to rest or remain stationary in expectation of; to await; as, to wait orders. Awed with these words, in camps they still abide, And wait with longing looks their promised guide. Dryden. 2. To attend as a consequence; to follow upon; to accompany; to await. [Obs.] 3. To attend on; to accompany; especially, to attend with ceremony or respect. [Obs.] He chose a thousand horse, the flower of all His warlike troops, to wait the funeral. Dryden. Remorse and heaviness of heart shall wait thee, And everlasting anguish be thy portion. Rowe. 4. To cause to wait; to defer; to postpone; -- said of a meal; as, to wait dinner. [Colloq.] Wait Wait, n. [OF. waite, guaite, gaite, F. guet watch, watching, guard, from OHG. wahta. See Wait, v. i.] 1. The act of waiting; a delay; a halt. There is a wait of three hours at the border Mexican town of El Paso. S. B. Griffin. 2. Ambush. "An enemy in wait." Milton. 3. One who watches; a watchman. [Obs.] 4. pl. Hautboys, or oboes, played by town musicians; not used in the singular. [Obs.] Halliwell. 5. pl. Musicians who sing or play at night or in the early morning, especially at Christmas time; serenaders; musical watchmen. [Written formerly wayghtes.] Hark! are the waits abroad? Beau & Fl. The sound of the waits, rude as may be their minstrelsy, breaks upon the mild watches of a winter night with the effect of perfect harmony. W. Irving. To lay wait, to prepare an ambuscade. -- To lie in wait. See under 4th Lie. Waiter Wait"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, waits; an attendant; a servant in attendance, esp. at table. The waiters stand in ranks; the yeomen cry, "Make room," as if a duke were passing by. Swift. 2. A vessel or tray on which something is carried, as dishes, etc.; a salver. Coast waiter. See under Coast, n. Waiting Wait"ing, a. & n. from Wait, v. In waiting, in attendance; as, lords in waiting. [Eng.] -- Waiting gentlewoman, a woman who waits upon a person of rank. -- Waiting maid, Waiting woman, a maid or woman who waits upon another as a personal servant. Waitingly Wait"ing*ly, adv. By waiting. Waitress Wait"ress (?), n. A female waiter or attendant; a waiting maid or waiting woman. <-- esp. one employed in a commercial dining establishment, who takes the customers' orders, brings the meals, and otherwise serves the customers who are seated at a table or counter. --> Waive Waive (?), n. [See Waive, v. t. ] 1. A waif; a castaway. [Obs.] Donne. 2. (O. Eng. Law) A woman put out of the protection of the law. See Waive, v. t., 3 (b), and the Note. Waive Waive, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Waived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Waiving.] [OE. waiven, weiven, to set aside, remove, OF. weyver, quesver, to waive, of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. veifa to wave, to vibrate, akin to Skr. vip to tremble. Cf. Vibrate, Waif.] [Written also wave.] 1. To relinquish; to give up claim to; not to insist on or claim; to refuse; to forego. He waiveth milk, and flesh, and all. Chaucer. We absolutely do renounce or waive our own opinions, absolutely yielding to the direction of others. Barrow. 2. To throw away; to cast off; to reject; to desert. 3. (Law) (a) To throw away; to relinquish voluntarily, as a right which one may enforce if he chooses. (b) (O. Eng. Law) To desert; to abandon. Burrill. NOTE: &hand; Th e term was applied to a woman, in the same sense as outlaw to a man. A woman could not be outlawed, in the proper sense of the word, because, according to Bracton, she was never in law, that is, in a frankpledge or decennary; but she might be waived, and held as abandoned. Burrill. Waive Waive, v. i. To turn aside; to recede. [Obs.] To waive from the word of Solomon. Chaucer. Waiver Waiv"er (?), n. (Law) The act of waiving, or not insisting on, some right, claim, or privilege. Waivure Waiv"ure (?), n. See Waiver. [R.] Waiwode Wai"wode (?), n. See Waywode. Wake Wake (?), n. [Originally, an open space of water sv\'94k a hole, opening in ice, Sw. vak, Dan. vaage, perhaps akin to E. humid.] The track left by a vessel in the water; by extension, any track; as, the wake of an army. This effect followed immediately in the wake of his earliest exertions. De Quincey. Several humbler persons . . . formed quite a procession in the dusty wake of his chariot wheels. Thackeray. Wake Wake, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Waked (?) or Woke (p. pr. & vb. n. Waking.] [AS. wacan, wacian; akin to OFries. waka, OS. wak, D. waken, G. wachen, OHG. wahh, Icel. vaka, Sw. vaken, Dan. vaage, Goth. wakan, v. i., uswakjan, v. t., Skr. v\'bejay to rouse, to impel. Vigil, Wait, v. i., Watch, v. i.] 1. To be or to continue awake; to watch; not to sleep. The father waketh for the daughter. Ecclus. xlii. 9. Though wisdom wake, suspicion sleeps. Milton. I can not think any time, waking or sleeping, without being sensible of it. Locke. 2. To sit up late festive purposes; to hold a night revel. The king doth wake to-night, and takes his rouse, Keeps wassail, and the swaggering upspring reels. Shak. 3. To be excited or roused from sleep; to awake; to be awakened; to cease to sleep; -- often with up. He infallibly woke up at the sound of the concluding doxology. G. Eliot. 4. To be exited or roused up; to be stirred up from a dormant, torpid, or inactive state; to be active. Gentle airs due at their hour To fan the earth now waked. Milton. Then wake, my soul, to high desires. Keble. Wake Wake (?), v. t. 1. To rouse from sleep; to awake. The angel . . . came again and waked me. Zech. iv. 1. 2. To put in motion or action; to arouse; to excite. "I shall waken all this company." Chaucer. Lest fierce remembrance wake my sudden rage. Milton. Even Richard's crusade woke little interest in his island realm. J. R. Green. 3. To bring to life again, as if from the sleep of death; to reanimate; to revive. To second life Waked in the renovation of the just. Milton. 4. To watch, or sit up with, at night, as a dead body. Wake Wake, n. 1. The act of waking, or being awaked; also, the state of being awake. [Obs. or Poetic] Making such difference 'twixt wake and sleep. Shak. Singing her flatteries to my morning wake. Dryden. 2. The state of forbearing sleep, especially for solemn or festive purposes; a vigil. The warlike wakes continued all the night, And funeral games played at new returning light. Dryden. The wood nymphs, decked with daises trim, Their merry wakes and pastimes keep. Milton. 3. Specifically: (a) (Ch. of Eng.) An annual parish festival formerly held in commemoration of the dedication of a church. Originally, prayers were said on the evening preceding, and hymns were sung during the night, in the church; subsequently, these vigils were discontinued, and the day itself, often with succeeding days, was occupied in rural pastimes and exercises, attended by eating and drinking, often to excess. Great solemnities were made in all churches, and great fairs and wakes throughout all England. Ld. Berners. And every village smokes at wakes with lusty cheer. Drayton. (b) The sitting up of persons with a dead body, often attended with a degree of festivity, chiefly among the Irish. "Blithe as shepherd at a wake." Cowper. Wake play, the ceremonies and pastimes connected with a wake. See Wake, n., 3 (b), above. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wakeful Wake"ful (?), a. Not sleeping; indisposed to sleep; watchful; vigilant. Dissembling sleep, but wakeful with the fright. Dryden. -- Wake"ful*ly, adv. -- Wake"ful*ness, n. Waken Wak"en (?), v. i. [imp. & p. pr. Wakened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wakening.] [OE. waknen, AS. w\'91cnan; akin to Goth. gawaknan. See Wake, v. i.] To wake; to cease to sleep; to be awakened. Early, Turnus wakening with the light. Dryden. Waken Wak"en, v. t. 1. To excite or rouse from sleep; to wake; to awake; to awaken. "Go, waken Eve." Milton. 2. To excite; to rouse; to move to action; to awaken. Then Homer's and Tyrt\'91us' martial muse Wakened the world. Roscommon. Venus now wakes, and wakens love. Milton. They introduce Their sacred song, and waken raptures high. Milton. Wakener Wak"en*er (?), n. One who wakens. Wakening Wak"en*ing, n. 1. The act of one who wakens; esp., the act of ceasing to sleep; an awakening. 2. (Scots Law) The revival of an action. Burrill. They were too much ashamed to bring any wakening of the process against Janet. Sir W. Scott. Waker Wak"er (?), n. One who wakes. Wake-robin Wake"-rob`in (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Arum, especially, in England, the cuckoopint (Arum maculatum). NOTE: &hand; In Am erica th e na me is given to several species of Trillium, and sometimes to the Jack-in-the-pulpit. Waketime Wake"time` (?), n. Time during which one is awake. [R.] Mrs. Browning. Waking Wak"ing, n. 1. The act of waking, or the state or period of being awake. 2. A watch; a watching. [Obs.] "Bodily pain . . . standeth in prayer, in wakings, in fastings." Chaucer. In the fourth waking of the night. Wyclif (Matt. xiv. 25). Walaway Wa"la*way (?), interj. See Welaway. [Obs.] Wald Wald (?), n. [AS. weald. See Wold.] A forest; -- used as a termination of names. See Weald. Waldenses Wal*den"ses (?; 277), n. pl. [So called from Petrus Waldus, or Peter Waldo, a merchant of Lyons, who founded this sect about a. d. 1170.] (Eccl. Hist.) A sect of dissenters from the ecclesiastical system of the Roman Catholic Church, who in the 13th century were driven by persecution to the valleys of Piedmont, where the sect survives. They profess substantially Protestant principles. Waldensian Wal*den"sian (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Waldenses. -- n. One Holding the Waldensian doctrines. Waldgrave Wald"grave (?), n. [See Wald, and Margrave.] In the old German empire, the head forest keeper. Waldheimia Wald*hei"mi*a (?), n. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of brachiopods of which many species are found in the fossil state. A few still exist in the deep sea. Wale Wale (?), n. [AS. walu a mark of stripes or blows, probably originally, a rod; akin to Icel. v\'94lr, Goth. walus a rod, staff. &root;146. Cf. Goal, Weal a wale.] 1. A streak or mark made on the skin by a rod or whip; a stripe; a wheal. See Wheal. Holland. 2. A ridge or streak rising above the surface, as of cloth; hence, the texture of cloth. Thou 'rt rougher far, And of a coarser wale, fuller of pride. Beau & Fl. 3. (Carp.) A timber bolted to a row of piles to secure them together and in position. Knight. 4. (Naut.) (a) pl. Certain sets or strakes of the outside planking of a vessel; as, the main wales, or the strakes of planking under the port sills of the gun deck; channel wales, or those along the spar deck, etc. (b) A wale knot, or wall knot. Wale knot. (Naut.) See Wall knot, under 1st Wall. Wale Wale, v. t. 1. To mark with wales, or stripes. 2. To choose; to select; specifically (Mining), to pick out the refuse of (coal) by hand, in order to clean it. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Walhalla Wal*hal"la (?), n. [Cf. G. walhalla, See Valhalla.] See Valhalla. Waling Wal"ing (?), n. (Naut.) Same as Wale, n., 4. Walk Walk (w&asdd;k), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Walked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Walking.] [OE. walken, probably from AS. wealcan to roll, turn, revolve, akin to D. walken to felt hats, to work a hat, G. walken to full, OHG. walchan to beat, to full, Icel. v\'belka to roll, to stamp, Sw. valka to full, to roll, Dan. valke to full; cf. Skr. valg to spring; but cf. also AS. weallian to roam, ramble, G. wallen. &root;130.] 1. To move along on foot; to advance by steps; to go on at a moderate pace; specifically, of two-legged creatures, to proceed at a slower or faster rate, but without running, or lifting one foot entirely before the other touches the ground. At the end of twelve months, he walked in the palace of the kingdom of Babylon. Dan. iv. 29. When Peter was come down out of the ship, he walked on the water, to go to Jesus. Matt. xiv. 29. NOTE: &hand; In th e walk of quadrupeds, there are always two, and for a brief space there are three, feet on the ground at once, but never four. 2. To move or go on the feet for exercise or amusement; to take one's exercise; to ramble. 3. To be stirring; to be abroad; to go restlessly about; -- said of things or persons expected to remain quiet, as a sleeping person, or the spirit of a dead person; to go about as a somnambulist or a specter. I have heard, but not believed, the spirits of the dead May walk again. Shak. When was it she last walked? Shak. 4. To be in motion; to act; to move; to wag. [Obs.] "Her tongue did walk in foul reproach." Spenser. Do you think I'd walk in any plot? B. Jonson. I heard a pen walking in the chimney behind the cloth. Latimer. 5. To behave; to pursue a course of life; to conduct one's self. We walk perversely with God, and he will walk crookedly toward us. Jer. Taylor. 6. To move off; to depart. [Obs. or Colloq.] He will make their cows and garrans to walk. Spenser. To walk in, to go in; to enter, as into a house. -- To walk after the flesh (Script.), to indulge sensual appetites, and to live in sin. Rom. viii. 1. -- To walk after the Spirit (Script.), to be guided by the counsels and influences of the Spirit, and by the word of God. Rom. viii. 1. -- To walk by faith (Script.), to live in the firm belief of the gospel and its promises, and to rely on Christ for salvation. 2 Cor. v. 7. -- To walk in darkness (Script.), to live in ignorance, error, and sin. 1 John i. 6. -- To walk in the flesh (Script.), to live this natural life, which is subject to infirmities and calamities. 2 Cor. x. 3. -- To walk in the light (Script.), to live in the practice of religion, and to enjoy its consolations. 1 John i. 7. -- To walk over, in racing, to go over a course at a walk; -- said of a horse when there is no other entry; hence, colloquially, to gain an easy victory in any contest.<-- = to win in a walk. --> -- To walk through the fire (Script.), to be exercised with severe afflictions. Isa. xliii. 2. -- To walk with God (Script.), to live in obedience to his commands, and have communion with him. Walk Walk, v. t. 1. To pass through, over, or upon; to traverse; to perambulate; as, to walk the streets. As we walk our earthly round. Keble. 2. To cause to walk; to lead, drive, or ride with a slow pace; as to walk one's horses. " I will rather trust . . . a thief to walk my ambling gelding." Shak. 3. [AS. wealcan to roll. See Walk to move on foot.] To subject, as cloth or yarn, to the fulling process; to full. [Obs. or Scot.] To walk the plank, to walk off the plank into the water and be drowned; -- an expression derived from the practice of pirates who extended a plank from the side of a ship, and compelled those whom they would drown to walk off into the water; figuratively, to vacate an office by compulsion. Bartlett. Walk Walk, n. 1. The act of walking, or moving on the feet with a slow pace; advance without running or leaping. 2. The act of walking for recreation or exercise; as, a morning walk; an evening walk. 3. Manner of walking; gait; step; as, we often know a person at a distance by his walk. 4. That in or through which one walks; place or distance walked over; a place for walking; a path or avenue prepared for foot passengers, or for taking air and exercise; way; road; hence, a place or region in which animals may graze; place of wandering; range; as, a sheep walk. A woody mountain . . . with goodliest trees Planted, with walks and bowers. Milton. He had walk for a hundred sheep. Latimer. Amid the sound of steps that beat The murmuring walks like rain. Bryant. 5. A frequented track; habitual place of action; sphere; as, the walk of the historian. The mountains are his walks. Sandys. He opened a boundless walk for his imagination. Pope. 6. Conduct; course of action; behavior. 7. The route or district regularly served by a vender; as, a milkman's walk. [Eng.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 1624 Walkable Walk"a*ble (?), a. Fit to be walked on; capable of being walked on or over. [R.] Swift. Walker Walk"er (?), n. 1. One who walks; a pedestrian. 2. That with which one walks; a foot. [Obs.] Lame Mulciber, his walkers quite misgrown. Chapman. 3. (Law) A forest officer appointed to walk over a certain space for inspection; a forester. 4. [AS. wealcere. See Walk, v. t., 3.] A fuller of cloth. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] She cursed the weaver and the walker The cloth that had wrought. Percy's Reliques. 5. (Zo\'94l.) Any ambulatorial orthopterous insect, as a stick insect. Walking Walk"ing, a. & n. from Walk, v. Walking beam. See Beam, 10. -- Walking crane, a kind of traveling crane. See under Crane. -- Walking fern. (Bot.) See Walking leaf, below. -- Walking fish (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of Asiatic fishes of the genus Ophiocephalus, some of which, as O. marulius, become over four feet long. They have a special cavity over the gills lined with a membrane adapted to retain moisture to aid in respiration, and are thus able to travel considerable distances over the land at night, whence the name. They construct a curious nest for their young. Called also langya. -- Walking gentleman (Theater), an actor who usually fills subordinate parts which require a gentlemanly appearance but few words. [Cant] -- Walking lady (Theater), an actress who usually fills such parts as require only a ladylike appearance on the stage. [Cant] -- Walking leaf. (a) (Bot.) A little American fern (Camptosorus rhizophyllus); -- so called because the fronds taper into slender prolongations which often root at the apex, thus producing new plants. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A leaf insect. See under Leaf. -- Walking papers, OR Walking ticket, an order to leave; dismissal, as from office. [Colloq.] Bartlett. -- Walking stick. (a) A stick or staff carried in the hand for hand for support or amusement when walking; a cane. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A stick insect; -- called also walking straw. See Illust. of Stick insect, under Stick. -- Walking wheel (Mach.), a prime mover consisting of a wheel driven by the weight of men or animals walking either in it or on it; a treadwheel. Walk-mill Walk"-mill` (?), n. [Walk to Walking Leaf, or full + mill.] A fulling mill. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Walk-over Walk"-o`ver (?), n. In racing, the going over a course by a horse which has no competitor for the prize; hence, colloquially, a one-sided contest; an uncontested, or an easy, victory.<-- = a walk; a cake-walk. --> Walkyr Wal"kyr, n. (Scand. Myth.) See Valkyria. Wall Wall (?), n. (Naut.) A kind of knot often used at the end of a rope; a wall knot; a wale. Wall knot, a knot made by unlaying the strands of a rope, and making a bight with the first strand, then passing the second over the end of the first, and the third over the end of the second and through the bight of the first; a wale knot. Wall knots may be single or double, crowned or double-crowned. Wall Wall (?), n. [AS. weall, from L. vallum a wall, vallus a stake, pale, palisade; akin to Gr. Interval.] 1. A work or structure of stone, brick, or other materials, raised to some height, and intended for defense or security, solid and permanent inclosing fence, as around a field, a park, a town, etc., also, one of the upright inclosing parts of a building or a room. The plaster of the wall of the King's palace. Dan. v. 5. 2. A defense; a rampart; a means of protection; in the plural, fortifications, in general; works for defense. The waters were a wall unto them on their right hand, and on their left. Ex. xiv. 22. In such a night, Troilus, methinks, mounted the Troyan walls. Shak. To rush undaunted to defend the walls. Dryden. 3. An inclosing part of a receptacle or vessel; as, the walls of a steam-engine cylinder. 4. (Mining) (a) The side of a level or drift. (b) The country rock bounding a vein laterally. Raymond. NOTE: &hand; Wa ll is of ten us ed ad jectively, an d al so in the formation of compounds, usually of obvious signification; as in wall paper, or wall-paper; wall fruit, or wall-fruit; wallflower, etc. Blank wall, Blind wall, etc. See under Blank, Blind, etc. -- To drive to the wall, to bring to extremities; to push to extremes; to get the advantage of, or mastery over. -- To go to the wall, to be hard pressed or driven; to be the weaker party; to be pushed to extremes. -- To take the wall. to take the inner side of a walk, that is, the side next the wall; hence, to take the precedence. "I will take the wall of any man or maid of Montague's." Shak. -- Wall barley (Bot.), a kind of grass (Hordeum murinum) much resembling barley; squirrel grass. See under Squirrel. -- Wall box. (Mach.) See Wall frame, below. -- Wall creeper (Zo\'94l.), a small bright-colored bird (Tichodroma muraria) native of Asia and Southern Europe. It climbs about over old walls and cliffs in search of insects and spiders. Its body is ash-gray above, the wing coverts are carmine-red, the primary quills are mostly red at the base and black distally, some of them with white spots, and the tail is blackish. Called also spider catcher. -- Wall cress (Bot.), a name given to several low cruciferous herbs, especially to the mouse-ear cress. See under Mouse-ear. -- Wall frame (Mach.), a frame set in a wall to receive a pillow block or bearing for a shaft passing through the wall; -- called also wall box. -- Wall fruit, fruit borne by trees trained against a wall. -- Wall gecko (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of Old World geckos which live in or about buildings and run over the vertical surfaces of walls, to which they cling by means of suckers on the feet. -- Wall lizard (Zo\'94l.), a common European lizard (Lacerta muralis) which frequents houses, and lives in the chinks and crevices of walls; -- called also wall newt. -- Wall louse, a wood louse. -- Wall moss (Bot.), any species of moss growing on walls. -- Wall newt (Zo\'94l.), the wall lizard. Shak. -- Wall paper, paper for covering the walls of rooms; paper hangings. -- Wall pellitory (Bot.), a European plant (Parictaria officinalis) growing on old walls, and formerly esteemed medicinal. -- Wall pennywort (Bot.), a plant (Cotyledon Umbilicus) having rounded fleshy leaves. It is found on walls in Western Europe. -- Wall pepper (Bot.), a low mosslike plant (Sedum acre) with small fleshy leaves having a pungent taste and bearing yellow flowers. It is common on walls and rocks in Europe, and is sometimes seen in America. -- Wall pie (Bot.), a kind of fern; wall rue. -- Wall piece, a gun planted on a wall. H. L. Scott. -- Wall plate (Arch.), a piece of timber placed horizontally upon a wall, and supporting posts, joists, and the like. See Illust. of Roof. -- Wall rock, granular limestone used in building walls. [U. S.] Bartlett. -- Wall rue (Bot.), a species of small fern (Asplenium Ruta-muraria) growing on walls, rocks, and the like. -- Wall spring, a spring of water issuing from stratified rocks. -- Wall tent, a tent with upright cloth sides corresponding to the walls of a house. -- Wall wasp (Zo\'94l.), a common European solitary wasp (Odynerus parietus) which makes its nest in the crevices of walls. Wall Wall (, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Walled (; p. pr. & vb. n. Walling.] 1. To inclose with a wall, or as with a wall. "Seven walled towns of strength." Shak. The king of Thebes, Amphion, That with his singing walled that city. Chaucer. 2. To defend by walls, or as if by walls; to fortify. The terror of his name that walls us in. Denham. 3. To close or fill with a wall, as a doorway. Wallaba Wal"la*ba (?), n. (Bot.) A leguminous tree (Eperua falcata) of Demerara, with pinnate leaves and clusters of red flowers. The reddish brown wood is used for palings and shingles. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants). Wallaby Wal"la*by (?), n.; pl. Wallabies (#). [From a native name.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of kangaroos belonging to the genus Halmaturus, native of Australia and Tasmania, especially the smaller species, as the brush kangaroo (H. Bennettii) and the pademelon (H. thetidis). The wallabies chiefly inhabit the wooded district and bushy plains. [Written also wallabee, and whallabee.] Wallah Wal"lah (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A black variety of the jaguar; -- called also tapir tiger. [Written also walla.] Wallaroo Wal`la*roo" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of kangaroos of the genus Macropus, especially M. robustus, sometimes called the great wallaroo. Wallbird Wall"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The spotted flycatcher. [Prov. Eng.] Waller Wall"er (?), n. One who builds walls. Waller Wall"er, n. [G.] (Zo\'94l.) The wels. Wallerian degeneration Wal*le"ri*an de*gen`er*a"tion (?). (Med.) A form of degeneration occurring in nerve fibers as a result of their division; -- so called from Dr. Waller, who published an account of it in 1850. Wallet Wal"let (?), n. [OE. walet, probably the same word as OE. watel a bag. See Wattle.] 1. A bag or sack for carrying about the person, as a bag for carrying the necessaries for a journey; a knapsack; a beggar's receptacle for charity; a peddler's pack. [His hood] was trussed up in his walet. Chaucer. 2. A pocketbook for keeping money about the person. 3. Anything protuberant and swagging. "Wallets of flesh." Shak. Walleteer Wal`let*eer" (?), n. One who carries a wallet; a foot traveler; a tramping beggar. [Colloq.] Wright. Wall-eye Wall"-eye` (?), n. [See Wall-eyed.] 1. An eye in which the iris is of a very light gray or whitish color; -- said usually of horses. Booth. NOTE: &hand; Jo nson ha s de fined wall-eye to be "a disease in the crystalline humor of the eye; glaucoma." But glaucoma is not a disease of the crystalline humor, nor is wall-eye a disease at all, but merely a natural blemish. Tully. In the north of England, as Brockett states, persons are said to be wall-eyed when the white of the eye is very large and distorted, or on one side. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) An American fresh-water food fish (Stizostedion vitreum) having large and prominent eyes; -- called also glasseye, pike perch, yellow pike, and wall-eyed perch. (b) A California surf fish (Holconotus argenteus). (c) The alewife; -- called also wall-eyed herring. Wall-eyed Wall"-eyed` (?), a. [Icel. valdeyg&edh;r, or vagleygr; fr. vagl a beam, a beam in the eye (akin to Sw. vagel a roost, a perch, a sty in the eye) + eygr having eyes (from auga eye). See Eye.] Having an eye of a very light gray or whitish color. Booth. NOTE: &hand; Sh akespeare, in using wall-eyed as a term of reproach (as "wall-eyed rage," a "wall-eyed wretch"), alludes probably to the idea of unnatural or distorted vision. See the Note under Wall-eye. It is an eye which is utterly and incurably perverted, an eye that knows no pity. Wallflower Wall"flow`er (?), n. 1. (Bot.) A perennial, cruciferous plant (Cheiranthus Cheiri), with sweet-scented flowers varying in color from yellow to orange and deep red. In Europe it very common on old walls. NOTE: &hand; Th e na me is so metimes extended to other species of Cheiranthus and of the related genus Erysimum, especially the American Western wallflower (Erysimum asperum), a biennial herb with orange-yellow flowers. 2. A lady at a ball, who, either from choice, or because not asked to dance, remains a spectator. [Colloq.] Wallhick Wall"hick` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The lesser spotted woodpecker (Dryobates minor). [Prov. Eng.] Walling Wall"ing, n. 1. The act of making a wall or walls. 2. Walls, in general; material for walls. Walling wax, a composition of wax and tallow used by etchers and engravers to make a bank, or wall, round the edge of a plate, so as to form a trough for holding the acid used in etching, and the like. Fairholt. Walloons Wal*loons" (?), n. pl.; sing. Walloon (. [Cf. F. wallon.] A Romanic people inhabiting that part of Belgium which comprises the provinces of Hainaut, Namur, Li\'82ge, and Luxembourg, and about one third of Brabant; also, the language spoken by this people. Used also adjectively. [Written also Wallons.] "A base Walloon . . . thrust Talbot with a spear." Shak. Walloon guard, the bodyguard of the Spanish monarch; -- so called because formerly consisting of Walloons. Wallop Wal"lop (?), v. i. [Cf. OFlem. walop a gallop; of uncertain origin. Cf. Gallop.] To move quickly, but with great effort; to gallop. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Wallop Wal"lop, n. A quick, rolling movement; a gallop. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Wallop Wal"lop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Walloped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Walloping.] [Probably fr. AS. weallan to spring up, to boil or bubble. &root;147. See Well, n. & v. i.] 1. To boil with a continued bubbling or heaving and rolling, with noise. [Prov. Eng.] Brockett. 2. To move in a rolling, cumbersome manner; to waddle. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 3. To be slatternly. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Wallop Wal"lop, v. t. 1. To beat soundly; to flog; to whip. [Prov. Eng., Scot., & Colloq. U. S.] 2. To wrap up temporarily. [Prov. Eng.] 3. To throw or tumble over. [Prov. Eng.] Wallop Wal"lop, n. 1. A thick piece of fat. Halliwell. 2. A blow. [Prov. Eng., Scot., & Colloq. U.S.] Wallow Wal"low (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wallowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wallowing.] [OE. walwen, AS. wealwian; akin to Goth. walwjan (in comp.) to roll, L. volvere; cf. Skr. val to turn. \'fb147. Cf. Voluble Well, n.] 1. To roll one's self about, as in mire; to tumble and roll about; to move lazily or heavily in any medium; to flounder; as, swine wallow in the mire. I may wallow in the lily beds. Shak. 2. To live in filth or gross vice; to disport one's self in a beastly and unworthy manner. God sees a man wallowing in his native impurity. South. 3. To wither; to fade. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Wallow Wal"low, v. t. To roll; esp., to roll in anything defiling or unclean. "Wallow thyself in ashes." Jer. vi. 26. Wallow Wal"low, n. A kind of rolling walk. One taught the toss, and one the new French wallow. Dryden. Wallower Wal"low*er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, wallows. 2. (Mach.) A lantern wheel; a trundle. Wallowish Wal"low*ish, a. [Scot. wallow to fade or wither.] Flat; insipid. [Obs.] Overbury. Wall-plat Wall"-plat` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The spotted flycatcher. It builds its nest on walls. [Prov. Eng.] Wall-sided Wall"-sid`ed (?), a. (Naut.) Having sides nearly perpendicular; -- said of certain vessels to distinguish them from those having flaring sides, or sides tumbling home (see under Tumble, v. i.). Wallwort Wall"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) The dwarf elder, or danewort (Sambucus Ebulus). Walm Walm (?), v. i. [AS. weallan; cf. w\'91lm, billow. \'fb147.] To roll; to spout; to boil up. [Obs.] Holland. Walnut Wal"nut (?), n. [OE. walnot, AS. wealh-hnutu a Welsh or foreign nut, a walnut; wealh foreign, strange, n., a Welshman, Celt (akin to OHG. Walh, properly, a Celt, from the name of a Celtic tribe, in L. Volcae) + hnutu a nut; akin to D. walnoot, G. walnuss, Icel. valhnot, Sw. valn\'94t, Dan valn\'94d. See Nut, and cf. Welsh.] (Bot.) The fruit or nut of any tree of the genus Juglans; also, the tree, and its timber. The seven or eight known species are all natives of the north temperate zone. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1625 NOTE: &hand; In so me parts of America, especially in New England, the name walnut is given to several species of hickory (Carya), and their fruit. Ash-leaved walnut, a tree (Juglans fraxinifolia), native in Transcaucasia. -- Black walnut, a North American tree (J. nigra) valuable for its purplish brown wood, which is extensively used in cabinetwork and for gunstocks. The nuts are thick-shelled, and nearly globular. -- English, OR European, walnut, a tree (J. regia), native of Asia from the Caucasus to Japan, valuable for its timber and for its excellent nuts, which are also called Madeira nuts. -- Walnut brown, a deep warm brown color, like that of the heartwood of the black walnut. -- Walnut oil, oil extracted from walnut meats. It is used in cooking, making soap, etc. -- White walnut, a North American tree (J. cinerea), bearing long, oval, thick-shelled, oily nuts, commonly called butternuts. See Butternut. Walrus Wal"rus (?), n. [D. walrus; of Scand. origin; cf. Dan valros, Sw. vallross, Norw. hvalros; literally, whale horse; akin to Icel. hrosshvalr, AS. horshw\'91l. See Whale, and Horse.] (Zo\'94l.) A very large marine mammal (Trichecus rosmarus) of the Seal family, native of the Arctic Ocean. The male has long and powerful tusks descending from the upper jaw. It uses these in procuring food and in fighting. It is hunted for its oil, ivory, and skin. It feeds largely on mollusks. Called also morse. NOTE: &hand; Th e wa lrus of th e North Pacific and Behring Strait (Trichecus obesus) is regarded by some as a distinct species, by others as a variety of the common walrus. Walter Wal"ter (?), v. i. [See Welter.] To roll or wallow; to welter. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Waltron Wal"tron (?), n. A walrus. [Obs.] Woodward. Walty Wal"ty (?), a. [Cf. Walter to roll.] Liable to roll over; crank; as, a walty ship. [R.] Longfellow. Waltz Waltz (?), n. [G. walzer, from walzen to roll, revolve, dance, OHG. walzan to roll; akin to AS. wealtan. See Welter.] A dance performed by two persons in circular figures with a whirling motion; also, a piece of music composed in triple measure for this kind of dance. Waltz Waltz, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Waltzed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Waltzing.] To dance a waltz. Waltzer Waltz"er (?), n. A person who waltzes. Walwe Wal"we (?), v. To wallow. [Obs.] Chaucer. Waly Wa"ly (?), interj. [Cf. Welaway.] An exclamation of grief. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Wamble Wam"ble (?), v. i. [Cf. Dan. vamle, and vammel squeamish, ready to vomit, Icel. v\'91ma to feel nausea, v\'91minn nauseous.] 1. To heave; to be disturbed by nausea; -- said of the stomach. L'Estrange. 2. To move irregularly to and fro; to roll. Wamble Wam"ble, n. Disturbance of the stomach; a feeling of nausea. Holland. Wamble-cropped Wam"ble-cropped` (?), a. Sick at the stomach; also, crestfallen; dejected. [Slang] Wammel Wam"mel (?), v. i. To move irregularly or awkwardly; to wamble, or wabble. [Prov. Eng.] Wamp Wamp (?), n. [From the North American Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) The common American eider. Wampee Wam*pee" (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A tree (Cookia punctata) of the Orange family, growing in China and the East Indies; also, its fruit, which is about the size of a large grape, and has a hard rind and a peculiar flavor. (b) The pickerel weed. [Southern U.S.] Wampum Wam"pum (?), n. [North American Indian wampum, wompam, from the Mass. w\'a2mpi, Del. w\'bepe, white.] Beads made of shells, used by the North American Indians as money, and also wrought into belts, etc., as an ornament. Round his waist his belt of wampum. Longfellow. Girded with his wampum braid. Whittier. NOTE: &hand; Th ese be ads we re of tw o kinds, one white, and the other black or dark purple. The term wampum is properly applied only to the white; the dark purple ones are called suckanhock. See Seawan. "It [wampum] consisted of cylindrical pieces of the shells of testaceous fishes, a quarter of an inch long, and in diameter less than a pipestem, drilled . . . so as to be strung upon a thread. The beads of a white color, rated at half the value of the black or violet, passed each as the equivalent of a farthing in transactions between the natives and the planters." Palfrey. Wan Wan (?), obs. imp. of Win. Won. Chaucer. Wan Wan (, a. [AS. wann, wonn, wan, won, dark, lurid, livid, perhaps originally, worn out by toil, from winnan to labor, strive. See Win.] Having a pale or sickly hue; languid of look; pale; pallid. "Sad to view, his visage pale and wan." Spenser. My color . . . [is] wan and of a leaden hue. Chaucer. Why so pale and wan, fond lover? Suckling. With the wan moon overhead. Longfellow. Wan Wan, n. The quality of being wan; wanness. [R.] Tinged with wan from lack of sleep. Tennyson. Wan Wan (?), v. i. To grow wan; to become pale or sickly in looks. "All his visage wanned." Shak. And ever he mutter'd and madden'd, and ever wann'd with despair. Tennyson. Wand Wand (?), n. [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. v\'94ndr, akin to Dan. vaand, Goth. wandus; perhaps originally, a pliant twig, and akin to E. wind to turn.] 1. A small stick; a rod; a verge. With good smart blows of a wand on his back. Locke. 2. Specifically: (a) A staff of authority. Though he had both spurs and wand, they seemed rather marks of sovereignty than instruments of punishment. Sir P. Sidney. (b) A rod used by conjurers, diviners, magicians, etc. Picus bore a buckler in his hand; His other waved a long divining wand. Dryden. Wand of peace (Scots Law), a wand, or staff, carried by the messenger of a court, which he breaks when deforced (that is, hindered from executing process), as a symbol of the deforcement, and protest for remedy of law. Burrill. Wander Wan"der (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wandered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wandering.] [OE. wandren, wandrien, AS. wandrian; akin to G. wandern to wander; fr. AS. windan to turn. See Wind to turn.] 1. To ramble here and there without any certain course or with no definite object in view; to range about; to stroll; to rove; as, to wander over the fields. They wandered about in sheepskins and goatskins. Heb. xi. 37. He wandereth abroad for bread. Job xv. 23. 2. To go away; to depart; to stray off; to deviate; to go astray; as, a writer wanders from his subject. When God caused me to wander from my father's house. Gen. xx. 13. O, let me not wander from thy commandments. Ps. cxix. 10. 3. To be delirious; not to be under the guidance of reason; to rave; as, the mind wanders. Syn. -- To roam; rove; range; stroll; gad; stray; straggly; err; swerve; deviate; depart. Wander Wan"der, v. t. To travel over without a certain course; to traverse; to stroll through. [R.] "[Elijah] wandered this barren waste." Milton. Wanderer Wan"der*er (?), n. One who wanders; a rambler; one who roves; hence, one who deviates from duty. Wandering Wan"der*ing, a. & n. from Wander, v. Wandering albatross (Zo\'94l.), the great white albatross. See Illust. of Albatross. -- Wandering cell (Physiol.), an animal cell which possesses the power of spontaneous movement, as one of the white corpuscles of the blood. -- Wandering Jew (Bot.), any one of several creeping species of Tradescantia, which have alternate, pointed leaves, and a soft, herbaceous stem which roots freely at the joints. They are commonly cultivated in hanging baskets, window boxes, etc. -- Wandering kidney (Med.), a morbid condition in which one kidney, or, rarely, both kidneys, can be moved in certain directions; -- called also floating kidney, movable kidney. -- Wandering liver (Med.), a morbid condition of the liver, similar to wandering kidney. -- Wandering mouse (Zo\'94l.), the whitefooted, or deer, mouse. See Illust. of Mouse. -- Wandering spider (Zo\'94l.), any one of a tribe of spiders that wander about in search of their prey. Wanderingly Wan"der*ing*ly, adv. In a wandering manner. Wanderment Wan"der*ment (?), n. The act of wandering, or roaming. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Wanderoo Wan`der*oo" (?), n. [Cingalese wanderu a monkey.] (Zo\'94l.) A large monkey (Macacus silenus) native of Malabar. It is black, or nearly so, but has a long white or gray beard encircling the face. Called also maha, silenus, neelbhunder, lion-tailed baboon, and great wanderoo. [Written also ouanderoo.] NOTE: &hand; Th e na me is so metimes applied also to other allied species. Wandy Wand"y (?), a. Long and flexible, like a wand. [Prov. Eng.] Brockett. Wane Wane (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Waned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Waning.] [OE. wanien, AS. wanian, wonian, from wan, won, deficient, wanting; akin to D. wan-, G. wahnsinn, insanity, OHG. wan, wana-, lacking, wan to lessen, Icel. vanr lacking, Goth. vans; cf. Gr. wanting, inferior. Want lack, and Wanton.] 1. To be diminished; to decrease; -- contrasted with wax, and especially applied to the illuminated part of the moon. Like the moon, aye wax ye and wane. Waning moons their settled periods keep. Addison. 2. To decline; to fail; to sink. You saw but sorrow in its waning form. Dryden. Land and trade ever will wax and wane together. Sir J. Child. Wane Wane, v. t. To cause to decrease. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Wane Wane, n. 1. The decrease of the illuminated part of the moon to the eye of a spectator. 2. Decline; failure; diminution; decrease; declension. An age in which the church is in its wane. South. Though the year be on the wane. Keble. 3. An inequality in a board. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Waney Wan"ey (?), n. A sharp or uneven edge on a board that is cut from a log not perfectly squared, or that is made in the process of squaring. See Wany, a. Wang Wang (?), n. [OE. wange, AS. wange, wonge, cheek, jaw; akin to D. wang, OS. & OHG. wanga, G. wange.] 1. The jaw, jawbone, or cheek bone. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] So work aye the wangs in his head. Chaucer. 2. A slap; a blow. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Wang tooth, a cheek tooth; a molar. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wang Wang (?), n. See Whang. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Wangan Wan"gan (?), n. [American Indian.] A boat for conveying provisions, tools, etc.; -- so called by Maine lumbermen. [Written also wangun.] Bartlett. Wanger Wang"er (?), n. [AS. wangere. See 1st Wang.] A pillow for the cheek; a pillow. [Obs. & R.] His bright helm was his wanger. Chaucer. Wanghee Wang*hee" (?), n. [Chin. wang yellow + he a root.] (Bot.) The Chinese name of one or two species of bamboo, or jointed cane, of the genus Phyllostachys. The slender stems are much used for walking sticks. [Written also whanghee.] Wango Wang"o (?), n. A boomerang. Wanhope Wan"hope` (?), n. [AS. wan, won, deficient, wanting + hopa hope: cf. D. wanhoop. . See Wane, and Hope.] Want of hope; despair; also, faint or delusive hope; delusion. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. "Wanhope and distress." Chaucer. Wanhorn Wan"horn` (?) n. [Corruption fr. Siamese wanhom.] (Bot.) An East Indian plant (K\'91mpferia Galanga) of the Ginger family. See Galanga. Waniand Wan"i*and (?), n. [See Wanion.] The wane of the moon. [Obs.] Halliwell. Waning Wan"ing (?), n. The act or process of waning, or decreasing. This earthly moon, the Church, hath fulls and wanings, and sometimes her eclipses. Bp. Hall. Wanion Wan"ion (?), n. [Probably for OE. waniand waning, p. pr. of wanien; hence, used of the waning of the moon, supposed to be an unlucky time. See Wane.] A word of uncertain signification, used only in the phrase with a wanion, apparently equivalent to with a vengeance, with a plague, or with misfortune. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Latimer. Wankle Wan"kle (?), a. [AS. wancol.] Not to be depended on; weak; unstable. [Prov. Eng.] Grose. Wanly Wan"ly (?), adv. In a wan, or pale, manner. Wanned Wanned (?), a. Made wan, or pale. Wanness Wan"ness (?), n. The quality or state of being wan; a sallow, dead, pale color; paleness; pallor; as, the wanness of the cheeks after a fever. Wannish Wan"nish, a. Somewhat wan; of a pale hue. No sun, but a wannish glare, In fold upon fold of hueless cloud. Tennyson. Want Want (277), n. [Originally an adj., from Icel. vant, neuter of vanr lacking, deficient. &root;139. See Wane, v. i.] 1. The state of not having; the condition of being without anything; absence or scarcity of what is needed or desired; deficiency; lack; as, a want of power or knowledge for any purpose; want of food and clothing. And me, his parent, would full soon devour For want of other prey. Milton. From having wishes in consequence of our wants, we often feel wants in consequence of our wishes. Rambler. Pride is as loud a beggar as want, and more saucy. Franklin. 2. Specifically, absence or lack of necessaries; destitution; poverty; penury; indigence; need. Nothing is so hard for those who abound in riches, as to conceive how others can be in want. Swift. 3. That which is needed or desired; a thing of which the loss is felt; what is not possessed, and is necessary for use or pleasure. Habitual superfluities become actual wants. Paley. 4. (Mining) A depression in coal strata, hollowed out before the subsequent deposition took place. [Eng.] Syn. -- Indigence; deficiency; defect; destitution; lack; failure; dearth; scarceness. Want Want, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Wanting.] 1. To be without; to be destitute of, or deficient in; not to have; to lack; as, to want knowledge; to want judgment; to want learning; to want food and clothing. They that want honesty, want anything. Beau. & Fl. Nor think, though men were none, That heaven would want spectators, God want praise. Milton. The unhappy never want enemies. Richardson. 2. To have occasion for, as useful, proper, or requisite; to require; to need; as, in winter we want a fire; in summer we want cooling breezes. 3. To feel need of; to wish or long for; to desire; to crave. " What wants my son?" Addison. I want to speak to you about something. A. Trollope. Want Want, v. i. [Icel. vanta to be wanting. See Want to lack.] 1. To be absent; to be deficient or lacking; to fail; not to be sufficient; to fall or come short; to lack; -- often used impersonally with of; as, it wants ten minutes of four. The disposition, the manners, and the thoughts are all before it; where any of those are wanting or imperfect, so much wants or is imperfect in the imitation of human life. Dryden. 2. To be in a state of destitution; to be needy; to lack. You have a gift, sir (thank your education), Will never let you want. B. Jonson. For as in bodies, thus in souls, we find What wants in blood and spirits, swelled with wind. Pope. NOTE: &hand; Wa nt wa s formerly used impersonally with an indirect object. "Him wanted audience." Chaucer. Wa'n't Wa'n't (?). A colloquial contraction of was not. Wantage Want"age (?), n. That which is wanting; deficiency. Wanting Want"ing, a. Absent; lacking; missing; also, deficient; destitute; needy; as, one of the twelve is wanting; I shall not be wanting in exertion. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1626 Wantless Want"less (?), a. Having no want; abundant; fruitful. Wanton Wan"ton (?), a. [OE. wantoun, contr. from wantowen; pref. wan- wanting (see Wane, v. i.), hence expressing negation + towen, p. p., AS. togen, p. p. of te\'a2n to draw, to educate, bring up; hence, properly, ill bred. See Tug, v. t.] 1. Untrained; undisciplined; unrestrained; hence, loose; free; luxuriant; roving; sportive. "In woods and wanton wilderness." Spenser. "A wild and wanton herd." Shak. A wanton and a merry [friar]. Chaucer. [She] her unadorned golden tresses wore Disheveled, but in wanton ringlets waved. Milton. How does your tongue grow wanton in her praise! Addison. 2. Wandering from moral rectitude; perverse; dissolute. "Men grown wanton by prosperity." Roscommon. 3. Specifically: Deviating from the rules of chastity; lewd; lustful; lascivious; libidinous; lecherous. Not with wanton looking of folly. Chaucer. [Thou art] froward by nature, enemy to peace, Lascivious, wanton. Shak. 4. Reckless; heedless; as, wanton mischief. Wanton Wan"ton, n. 1. A roving, frolicsome thing; a trifler; -- used rarely as a term of endearment. I am afeard you make a wanton of me. Shak. Peace, my wantons; he will do More than you can aim unto. B. Jonson. 2. One brought up without restraint; a pampered pet. Anything, sir, That's dry and wholesome; I am no bred wanton. Beau. & Fl. 3. A lewd person; a lascivious man or woman. Wanton Wan"ton, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wantoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wantoning.] 1. To rove and ramble without restraint, rule, or limit; to revel; to play loosely; to frolic. Nature here wantoned as in her prime. Milton. How merrily we would sally into the fields, and strip under the first warmth of the sun, and wanton like young dace in the streams! Lamb. 2. To sport in lewdness; to play the wanton; to play lasciviously. Wanton Wan"ton, v. t. To cause to become wanton; also, to waste in wantonness. [Obs.] Wantonize Wan"ton*ize (?), v. i. To behave wantonly; to frolic; to wanton. [R.] Lamb. Wantonly Wan"ton*ly, adv. 1. In a wanton manner; without regularity or restraint; loosely; sportively; gayly; playfully; recklessly; lasciviously. 2. Unintentionally; accidentally. [Obs.] J. Dee. Wantonness Wan"ton*ness, n. The quality or state of being wanton; negligence of restraint; sportiveness; recklessness; lasciviousness. Gower. The tumults threatened to abuse all acts of grace, and turn them into wantonness. Eikon Basilike. Young gentlemen would be as sad as night Only for wantonness. Shak. Wantrust Wan"trust` (?), n. [Pref. wan- as in wanton + trust.] Failing or diminishing trust; want of trust or confidence; distrust. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wantwit Want"wit` (?), n. One destitute of wit or sense; a blockhead; a fool. [Obs.] Shak. Wanty Wan"ty (?), n. [For womb tie, that is, bellyWomb, and Tie.] A surcingle, or strap of leather, used for binding a load upon the back of a beast; also, a leather tie; a short wagon rope. [Prov. Eng.] Wany Wan"y (?), v. i. To wane. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wany Wan"y, a. 1. Waning or diminished in some parts; not of uniform size throughout; -- said especially of sawed boards or timber when tapering or uneven, from being cut too near the outside of the log. 2. Spoiled by wet; -- said of timber. Halliwell. Wanze Wanze, v. i. To wane; to wither. [Obs.] Wap Wap (?), v. t. & i. [See Whap.] To beat; to whap. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Sir T. Malory. Wap Wap, n. A blow or beating; a whap. [Prov. Eng.] Wapacut Wap"a*cut (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The American hawk owl. See under Hawk. Wapatoo Wap"a*too` (?), n. (Bot.) The edible tuber of a species of arrowhead (Sagittaria variabilis); -- so called by the Indians of Oregon. [Written also wappato.] Waped Waped (?), a. [Prov. E. wape pale, v., to stupefy, akin to wap to beat. Cf. Whap, and Wappened.] Cast down; crushed by misery; dejected. [Obs.] Wapentake Wap"en*take (?; 277), n. [AS. w, w, from Icel. v\'bepnat\'bek, literally, a weapon taking or weapon touching, hence an expression of assent ("si displicuit sententia fremitu aspernantur; sin placuit frameas concutiunt." Tacitus, "Germania," xi.). See Weapon, and Take. This name had its origin in a custom of touching lances or spears when the hundreder, or chief, entered on his office. "Cum quis accipiebat pr\'91fecturam wapentachii, die statuto in loco ubi consueverant congregari, omnes majores natu contra eum conveniebant, et descendente eo de equo suo, omnes assurgebant ei. Ipse vero, erecta lancea sua, ab omnibus secundum morem f&oe;dus accipiebat; omnes enim quot-quot venissent cum lanceis suis ipsius hastam tangebant, et ita se confirmabant per contactum armorum, pace palam concessa. W\'91pnu enim arma sonat; tac, tactus est -- hac de causa totus ille conventus dicitur Wapentac, eo quod per tactum armorum suorum ad invicem conf&oe;derati sunt." L L. Edward Confessor, 33. D. Wilkins.] In some northern counties of England, a division, or district, answering to the hundred in other counties. Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, and Nottinghamshire are divided into wapentakes, instead of hundreds. [Written also wapentac.] Selden. Blackstone. Wapinschaw Wap"in*schaw (?), n. [Scot. See Weapon, and Show.] An exhibition of arms. according to the rank of the individual, by all persons bearing arms; -- formerly made at certain seasons in each district. [Scot.] Jamieson. Sir W. Scott. Wapiti Wap"i*ti (?), n. [Probably the Iroquois name. Bartlett.] (Zo\'94l.) The American elk (Cervus Canadensis). It is closely related to the European red deer, which it somewhat exceeds in size. NOTE: &hand; By so me writers it is thought to be a variety of the red deer, but it is considered a distinct species by others. It is noted for the large, branching antlers of the male. Wapp Wapp (?), n. [CF. Prov. E. wap to wrap up.] (Naut.) (a) A fair-leader. (b) A rope with wall knots in it with which the shrouds are set taut. Wappato Wap"pa*to (?), n. (Bot.) See Wapatoo. Wappened Wap"pened (?), a. [Cf. Waped, Wapper.] A word of doubtful meaning used once by Shakespeare. This [gold] is it That makes the wappen'd widow wed again. NOTE: It is co njectured by some that it is an error for wappered, meaning tremulous or exhausted. Wapper Wap"per (?), v. t. & i. [freq. of wap, v.; cf. dial. G. wappern, wippern, to move up and down, to rock.] To cause to shake; to tremble; to move tremulously, as from weakness; to totter. [Obs.] Wapper Wap"per (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A gudgeon. [Prov. Eng.] <-- ## The Zool. mark was in square brackets, inconsistent with normal usage. --> Wappet Wap"pet (?), n. A small yelping cur. [Prov. Eng.] Wapping Wap"ping (?), n. Yelping. [R.] Fuller. War War (?), a. Ware; aware. [Obs.] Chaucer. War War (?), n. [OE. & AS. werre; akin to OHG. werra scandal, quarrel, sedition, werran to confound, mix, D. warren, G. wirren, verwirren, to embroil, confound, disturb, and perhaps to E. worse; cf. OF. werre war, F. querre, of Teutonic origin. Cf. Guerrilla, Warrior.] 1. A contest between nations or states, carried on by force, whether for defence, for revenging insults and redressing wrongs, for the extension of commerce, for the acquisition of territory, for obtaining and establishing the superiority and dominion of one over the other, or for any other purpose; armed conflict of sovereign powers; declared and open hostilities. Men will ever distinguish war from mere bloodshed. F. W. Robertson. NOTE: &hand; As war is the contest of nations or states, it always implies that such contest is authorized by the monarch or the sovereign power of the nation. A war begun by attacking another nation, is called an offensive war, and such attack is aggressive. War undertaken to repel invasion, or the attacks of an enemy, is called defensive. 2. (Law) A condition of belligerency to be maintained by physical force. In this sense, levying war against the sovereign authority is treason. 3. Instruments of war. [Poetic] His complement of stores, and total war. Prior. 4. Forces; army. [Poetic] On their embattled ranks the waves return, And overwhelm their war. Milton. 5. The profession of arms; the art of war. Thou art but a youth, and he is a man of war from his youth. 1 Sam. xvii. 33. 6. a state of opposition or contest; an act of opposition; an inimical contest, act, or action; enmity; hostility. "Raised impious war in heaven." Milton. The words of his mouth were smoother than butter, but war was in his heart. Ps. lv. 21. Civil war , a war between different sections or parties of the same country or nation. -- Holy war. See under Holy. -- Man of war. (Naut.) See in the Vocabulary. -- Public war, a war between independent sovereign states. -- War cry, a cry or signal used in war; as, the Indian war cry. -- War dance, a dance among savages preliminary to going to war. Among the North American Indians, it is begun by some distinguished chief, and whoever joins in it thereby enlists as one of the party engaged in a warlike excursion. Schoolcraft. -- War field, a field of war or battle. -- War horse, a horse used in war; the horse of a cavalry soldier; especially, a strong, powerful, spirited horse for military service; a charger. -- War paint, paint put on the face and other parts of the body by savages, as a token of going to war. "Wash the war paint from your faces." Longfellow. -- War song, a song of or pertaining to war; especially, among the American Indians, a song at the war dance, full of incitements to military ardor. -- War whoop, a war cry, especially that uttered by the American Indians. War War, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Warred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Warring.] 1 1 To make war; to invade or attack a state or nation with force of arms; to carry on hostilities; to be in a state by violence. Rezin the king of Syria, and Pekah the son of Remaliah, king of Israel, went up toward Jerusalem to war against it. Isa. vii. 1. Why should I war without the walls of Troy? Shak. Our countrymen were warring on that day! Byron. 2. To contend; to strive violently; to fight. "Lusts which war against the soul." 1 Pet. ii. 11. War War (?), v. t. 1. To make war upon; to fight. [R.] To war the Scot, and borders to defend. Daniel. 2. To carry on, as a contest; to wage. [R.] That thou . . . mightest war a good warfare. Tim. i. 18. War-beaten War"-beat`en (?), a. Warworn. Warble War"ble (?), n. [Cf. Wormil.] 1. (Far.) (a) A small, hard tumor which is produced on the back of a horse by the heat or pressure of the saddle in traveling. (b) A small tumor produced by the larv\'91 of the gadfly in the backs of horses, cattle, etc. Called also warblet, warbeetle, warnles. 2. (Zo\'94l.) See Wormil. Warble War"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Warbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Warbling (?).] [OE. werbelen, OF. werbler; of Teutonic origin; cf. G. wirbeln to turn, to warble, D. wervelen, akin to E. whirl. See Whirl.] 1. To sing in a trilling, quavering, or vibratory manner; to modulate with turns or variations; to trill; as, certain birds are remarkable for warbling their songs. 2. To utter musically; to modulate; to carol. If she be right invoked in warbled song. Milton. Warbling sweet the nuptial lay. Trumbull. 3. To cause to quaver or vibrate. "And touch the warbled string." Milton. Warble War"ble, v. i. 1. To be quavered or modulated; to be uttered melodiously. Such strains ne'er warble in the linnet's throat. Gay. 3. To sing in a trilling manner, or with many turns and variations. "Birds on the branches warbling." Milton. 3. To sing with sudden changes from chest to head tones; to yodel. Warble War"ble, n. A quavering modulation of the voice; a musical trill; a song. And he, the wondrous child, Whose silver warble wild Outvalued every pulsing sound. Emerson. Warbler War"bler (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, warbles; a singer; a songster; -- applied chiefly to birds. In lulling strains the feathered warblers woo. Tickell. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small Old World singing birds belonging to the family Sylviid\'91, many of which are noted songsters. The bluethroat, blackcap, reed warbler (see under Reed), and sedge warbler (see under Sedge) are well-known species. 3. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small, often bright colored, American singing birds of the family or subfamily Mniotiltid\'91, or Sylvicolin\'91. They are allied to the Old World warblers, but most of them are not particularly musical. NOTE: &hand; Th e American warblers are often divided, according to their habits, into bush warblers, creeping warblers, fly-catching warblers, ground warblers, wood warblers, wormeating warblers, etc. Bush warbler (Zo\'94l.) any American warbler of the genus Opornis, as the Connecticut warbler (O. agilis). -- Creeping warbler (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of very small American warblers belonging to Parula, Mniotilta, and allied genera, as the blue yellow-backed warbler (Parula Americana), and the black-and-white creeper (Mniotilta varia). -- Fly-catching warbler (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of warblers belonging to Setophaga, Sylvania, and allied genera having the bill hooked and notched at the tip, with strong rictal bristles at the base, as the hooded warbler (Sylvania mitrata), the black-capped warbler (S. pusilla), the Canadian warbler (S. Canadensis), and the American redstart (see Redstart). -- Ground warbler (Zo\'94l.), any American warbler of the genus Geothlypis, as the mourning ground warbler (G. Philadelphia), and the Maryland yellowthroat (see Yellowthroat). -- Wood warbler (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous American warblers of the genus Dendroica. Among the most common wood warblers in the Eastern States are the yellowbird, or yellow warbler (see under Yellow), the black-throated green warbler (Dendroica virens), the yellow-rumped warbler (D. coronata), the blackpoll (D. striata), the bay-breasted warbler (D. castanea), the chestnut-sided warbler (D. Pennsylvanica), the Cape May warbler (D. tigrina), the prairie warbler (see under Prairie), and the pine warbler (D. pinus). See also Magnolia warbler, under Magnolia, and Blackburnian warbler. Warblingly War"bling*ly, adv. In a warbling manner. Warburg's tincture War"burg's tinc"ture (?). (Pharm.) A preparation containing quinine and many other ingredients, often used in the treatment of malarial affections. It was invented by Dr. Warburg of London. -ward, -wards -ward (?), -wards (?). [AS. -weard, -weardes; akin to OS. & OFries. -ward. OHG. -wert, G. -w\'84rts, Icel. -ver\'ebr, Goth. -va\'a1r\'eds, L. vertere to turn, versus toward, and E. worth to become. \'fb143. See Worth. v. i., and cf. Verse. Adverbs ending in -wards (AS. -weardes) and some other adverbs, such as besides, betimes, since (OE. sithens). etc., were originally genitive forms used adverbially.] Suffixes denoting course or direction to; motion or tendency toward; as in backward, or backwards; toward, or towards, etc. Ward Ward (?), n. [AS. weard, fem., guard, weard, ward a watcher, warden, G. wart, OHG. wart, Icel. v\'94r a warden, a watch, Goth. -wards in da\'a3rawards a doorkeeper, and E. wary; cf. OF. warde guard, from the German. See Ware, a., Wary, and cf. Guard, Wraith.] 1. The act of guarding; watch; guard; guardianship; specifically, a guarding during the day. See the Note under Watch, n., 1. Still, when she slept, he kept both watch and ward. Spenser. 2. One who, or that which, guards; garrison; defender; protector; means of guarding; defense; protection. For the best ward of mine honor. Shak. The assieged castle's ward Their steadfast stands did mightily maintain. Spenser. For want of other ward, He lifted up his hand, his front to guard. Dryden. 3. The state of being under guard or guardianship; confinement under guard; the condition of a child under a guardian; custody. And he put them in ward in the house of the captain of the guard. Gen. xl. 3. I must attend his majesty's command, to whom I am now in ward. Shak. It is also inconvenient, in Ireland, that the wards and marriages of gentlemen's children should be in the disposal of any of those lords. Spenser. 4. A guarding or defensive motion or position, as in fencing; guard. "Thou knowest my old ward; here I lay, and thus I bore my point." Shak. 5. One who, or that which, is guarded. Specifically: -- (a) A minor or person under the care of a guardian; as, a ward in chancery. "You know our father's ward, the fair Monimia." Otway. (b) A division of a county. [Eng. & Scot.] (c) A division, district, or quarter of a town or city. Throughout the trembling city placed a guard, Dealing an equal share to every ward. Dryden. (d) A division of a forest. [Eng.] (e) A division of a hospital; as, a fever ward. 6. (a) A projecting ridge of metal in the interior of a lock, to prevent the use of any key which has not a corresponding notch for passing it. (b) A notch or slit in a key corresponding to a ridge in the lock which it fits; a ward notch. Knight. The lock is made . . . more secure by attaching wards to the front, as well as to the back, plate of the lock, in which case the key must be furnished with corresponding notches. Tomlinson. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1627 Ward penny (O. Eng. Law), money paid to the sheriff or castellan for watching and warding a castle. -- Ward staff, a constable's or watchman's staff. [Obs.] Ward Ward (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Warded; p. pr. & vb. n. Warding.] [OE. wardien, AS. weardian to keep, protect; akin to OS. ward to watch, take care, OFries. wardia, OHG. wart, G. warten to wait, wait on, attend to, Icel. var to guarantee defend, Sw. v\'86rda to guard, to watch; cf. OF. warder, of German origin. See Ward, n., and cf. Award, Guard, Reward.] 1. To keep in safety; to watch; to guard; formerly, in a specific sense, to guard during the day time. Whose gates he found fast shut, no living wight To ward the same. Spenser. 2. To defend; to protect. Tell him it was a hand that warded him From thousand dangers. Shak. 3. To defend by walls, fortifications, etc. [Obs.] 4. To fend off; to repel; to turn aside, as anything mischievous that approaches; -- usually followed by off. Now wards a felling blow, now strikes again. Daniel. The pointed javelin warded off his rage. Addison. It instructs the scholar in the various methods of warding off the force of objections. I. Watts. Ward Ward, v. i. 1. To be vigilant; to keep guard. 2. To act on the defensive with a weapon. She redoubling her blows drove the stranger to no other shift than to ward and go back. Sir P. Sidney. Ward-corn Ward"-corn` (?), n. [Ward + F. corne horn, L. cornu.] (O. Eng. Law) The duty of keeping watch and ward (see the Note under Watch, n., 1) with a horn to be blown upon any occasion of surprise. Burrill. Wardcorps Ward"corps` (?), n. [Wars + corps.] Guardian; one set to watch over another. [Obs.] "Though thou preyedest Argus . . . to be my wardcorps." Chaucer. Warden Ward"en (?), n. [OE. wardein, OF. wardein, gardein, gardain, F. gardien. See Guardian, and Ward guard.] 1. A keeper; a guardian; a watchman. He called to the warden on the . . . battlements. Sir. W. Scott. 2. An officer who keeps or guards; a keeper; as, the warden of a prison. <-- chief officer of a prison. --> 3. A head official; as, the warden of a college; specifically (Eccl.), a churchwarden. 4. [Properly, a keeping pear.] A large, hard pear, chiefly used for baking and roasting. [Obs.] I would have had him roasted like a warden. Beau. & Fl. Warden pie, a pie made of warden pears. [Obs.] Shak. Wardenry, Wardenship Ward"en*ry (?), Ward"en*ship, n. The office or jurisdiction of a warden. Warder Ward"er (?), n. 1. One who wards or keeps; a keeper; a guard. "The warders of the gate." Dryden. 2. A truncheon or staff carried by a king or a commander in chief, and used in signaling his will. When, lo! the king suddenly changed his mind, Casts down his warder to arrest them there. Daniel. Wafting his warder thrice about his head, He cast it up with his auspicious hand, Which was the signal, through the English spread, This they should charge. Drayton. Wardian Ward"i*an (?), a. Designating, or pertaining to, a kind of glass inclosure for keeping ferns, mosses, etc., or for transporting growing plants from a distance; as, a Wardian case of plants; -- so named from the inventor, Nathaniel B. Ward, an Englishman. Wardmote Ward"mote` (?), n. Anciently, a meeting of the inhabitants of a ward; also, a court formerly held in each ward of London for trying defaults in matters relating to the watch, police, and the like. Brande & C. "Wards and wardmotes." Piers Plowman. Wardrobe Ward"robe` (?), n. [OE. warderobe, OF. warderobe, F. garderobe; of German origin. See Ward, v. t., and Robe.] 1. A room or apartment where clothes are kept, or wearing apparel is stored; a portable closet for hanging up clothes. 2. Wearing apparel, in general; articles of dress or personal decoration. Flowers that their gay wardrobe wear. Milton. With a pair of saddlebags containing his wardrobe. T. Hughes. 3. A privy. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wardroom Ward"room` (?), n. 1. (Naut.) A room occupied as a messroom by the commissioned officers of a war vessel. See Gunroom. Totten. 2. A room used by the citizens of a city ward, for meetings, political caucuses, elections, etc. [U.S.] -wards -wards (?). See -ward. Wardship Ward"ship (?), n. 1. The office of a ward or keeper; care and protection of a ward; guardianship; right of guardianship. Wardship is incident to tenure in socage. Blackstone. 2. The state of begin under a guardian; pupilage. It was the wisest act . . . in my wardship. B. Jonson. Wardsman Wards"man (?), n.; pl. Wardsmen (. A man who keeps ward; a guard. [R.] Sydney Smith. Ware Ware (?), obs. imp. of Wear. Wore. Ware Ware, v. t. (Naut.) To wear, or veer. See Wear. Ware Ware, n. [AS. w\'ber.] (Bot.) Seaweed. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Ware goose (Zo\'94l.), the brant; -- so called because it feeds on ware, or seaweed. [Prov. Eng.] Ware Ware, n. [OE. ware, AS. waru; akin to D. waar, G. waare, Icel. & Sw. vara, Dan. vare; and probably to E. worth, a. See Worth, a.] Articles of merchandise; the sum of articles of a particular kind or class; style or class of manufactures; especially, in the plural, goods; commodities; merchandise. "Retails his wares at wakes." Shak. "To chaffer with them and eke to sell them their ware." Chaucer. It the people of the land bring ware or any victuals on the Sabbath day to sell, that we would not buy it of them on the Sabbath, or on the holy day. Neh. x. 31. NOTE: &hand; Although originally and properly a collective noun, it admits of a plural form, when articles of merchandise of different kinds are meant. It is often used in composition; as in hardware, glassware, tinware, etc. Ware Ware, a. [OE. war, AS. w\'91r. &root;142. See Wary.] A ware; taking notice; hence, wary; cautious; on one's guard. See Beware. [Obs.] She was ware and knew it bet [better] than he. Chaucer. Of whom be thou ware also. 2. Tim. iv. 15. He is ware enough; he is wily and circumspect for stirring up any sedition. Latimer. The only good that grows of passed fear Is to be wise, and ware of like again. Spenser. Ware Ware, n. [AS. waru caution.] The state of being ware or aware; heed. [Obs.] Wyclif. Ware Ware, v. t. [As. warian.] To make ware; to warn; to take heed of; to beware of; to guard against. "Ware that I say." Chaucer. God . . . ware you for the sin of avarice. Chaucer. Then ware a rising tempest on the main. Dryden. Wareful Ware"ful (?), a. Wary; watchful; cautious. [Obs.] Warefulness Ware"ful*ness, n. Wariness; cautiousness. [Obs.] "Full of warefulness." Sir P. Sidney. Warega fly Wa*re"ga fly` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A Brazilian fly whose larv\'91 live in the skin of man and animals, producing painful sores. Warehouse Ware"house` (?), n.; pl. Warehouses (. A storehouse for wares, or goods. Addison. Warehouse Ware"house` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Warehoused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Warehousing.] 1. To deposit or secure in a warehouse. 2. To place in the warehouse of the government or customhouse stores, to be kept until duties are paid. Warehouseman Ware"house`man (?), n.; pl. Warehousemen (. 1. One who keeps a warehouse; the owner or keeper of a dock warehouse or wharf store. 2. One who keeps a wholesale shop or store for Manchester or woolen goods. [Eng.] Warehouseman's itch (Med.), a form of eczema occurring on the back of the hands of warehousemen. Warehousing Ware"hous`ing (?), n. The act of placing goods in a warehouse, or in a customhouse store. Warehousing system, an arrangement for lodging imported articles in the customhouse stores, without payment of duties until they are taken out for home consumption. If re\'89xported, they are not charged with a duty. See Bonded warehouse, under Bonded, a. Wareless Ware"less (?), a. [See Ware, n.] Unwary; incautious; unheeding; careless; unaware. [Obs.] And wareless of the evil That by themselves unto themselves is wrought. Spenser. Warely Ware"ly, adv. Cautiously; warily. [Obs.] They bound him hand and foot with iron chains, And with continual watch did warely keep. Spenser. Warence War"ence (?), n. [OF. warance. F. garance, LL. warentia, garantia.] (Bot.) Madder. Wareroom Ware"room` (?), n. A room in which goods are stored or exhibited for sale. Wares Wares (?), n. pl. See 4th Ware. Warfare War"fare` (?), n. [War + OE. fare a journey, a passage, course, AS. faru. See Fare, n.] 1. Military service; military life; contest carried on by enemies; hostilities; war. The Philistines gathered their armies together for warfare, to fight with Israel. I Sam. xxviii. 1. This day from battle rest; Faithful hath been your warfare. Milton. 2. Contest; struggle. The weapons of our warfare are not carnal. 2 Cor. x. 4. Warfare War"fare`, v. i. To lead a military life; to carry on continual wars. Camden. Warfarer War"far`er (?), n. One engaged in warfare; a military man; a soldier; a warrior. Warhable War"ha`ble (?), a. [War + hable.] Fit for war. [Obs.] "Warhable youth." Spenser. Wariangle War`i*an"gle (?), n. [OE. wariangel, weryangle; cf. AS. wearg outlaw, criminal, OHG, warg, warch, Goth. wargs (in comp.), G. w\'81rgengel, i. e., destroying angel, destroyer, killer, and E. worry.] (Zo\'94l.) The red-backed shrike (Lanius collurio); -- called also w\'81rger, worrier, and throttler. [Written also warriangle, weirangle, etc.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Warily Wa"ri*ly (?), adv. In a wary manner. Wariment Wa"ri*ment (?), n. Wariness. [Obs.] Spenser. Warine War"ine (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A South American monkey, one of the sapajous. Wariness Wa"ri*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being wary; care to foresee and guard against evil; cautiousness. "An almost reptile wariness." G. W. Cable. To determine what are little things in religion, great wariness is to be used. Sprat. Syn. -- Caution; watchfulness; circumspection; foresight; care; vigilance; scrupulousness. Warish War"ish (?), v. t. [OF. warir to protect, heal, cure, F. gu\'82ri to cure; of Teutonic origin; cf. OHG. werian, weren, to protect, to hinder. See Garret.] To protect from the effects of; hence, to cure; to heal. [Obs.] My brother shall be warished hastily. Chaucer. Varro testifies that even at this day there be some who warish and cure the stinging of serpents with their spittle. Holland. Warish War"ish, v. i. To be cured; to recover. [Obs.] Your daughter . . . shall warish and escape. Chaucer. Warison War"i*son (?), n. [OF. warison safety, supplies, cure, F. gu\'82rison cure. See Warish, v. t.] 1. Preparation; protection; provision; supply. [Obs.] 2. Reward; requital; guerdon. [Obs. or Scot.] Wit and wisdom is good warysoun. Proverbs of Hending. Wark Wark (?), n. [See Work.] Work; a building. [Obs. or Scot.] Spenser. Warkloom Wark"loom (?), n. A tool; an implement. [Scot.] Warlike War"like` (?), a. 1. Fit for war; disposed for war; as, a warlike state; a warlike disposition. Old Siward, with ten thousand warlike men. Shak. 2. Belonging or relating to war; military; martial. The great archangel from his warlike toil Surceased. Milton. Syn. -- Martial; hostile; soldierly. See Martial. Warlikeness War"like`ness, n. Quality of being warlike. Warling War"ling (?), n. One often quarreled with; -- darling. [Obs.] Better be an old man's darling than a young man's warling. Camde Warlock War"lock (?), n. [OE. warloghe a deceiver, a name or the Devil, AS. w a belier or breaker of his agreement, word, or pledge; w covenant, troth (akiverus true; see Very) + loga a liar (in comp.), le\'a2gan to lie. See 3d Lie.] A male witch; a wizard; a sprite; an imp. [Written also warluck.] Dryden. It was Eyvind Kallda's crew Of warlocks blue, With their caps of darkness hooded! Longfellow. Warlock War"lock, a. Of or pertaining to a warlock or warlock; impish. [R.] Thou shalt win the warlock fight. J. R. Drak Warlockry War"lock*ry (?), n. Impishness; magic. Warly War"ly (?), a. Warlike. Burns. Warm Warm (?), a. [Compar. Warmer; superl. Warmest.] [AS. wearm; akin to OS., OFries., D., & G. warm, Icel. varmr, Sw. & Dan. varm, Goth. warmjan to warm; probably akin to Lith. virti to cook, boil; or perhaps to Skr. gharma heat, OL. formus warm. 1. Having heat in a moderate degree; not cold as, warm milk. "Whose blood is warm within." Shak. Warm and still is the summer night. Longfellow. 2. Having a sensation of heat, esp. of gentle heat; glowing. 3. Subject to heat; having prevalence of heat, or little or no cold weather; as, the warm climate of Egypt. 4. Fig.: Not cool, indifferent, lukewarm, or the like, in spirit or temper; zealous; ardent; fervent; excited; sprightly; irritable; excitable. Mirth, and youth, and warm desire! Milton. Each warm wish springs mutual from the heart. Pope. They say he's warm man and does not care to be madAddison. I had been none of the warmest of partisans. Hawthor 5. Violent; vehement; furious; excited; passionate; as, a warm contest; a warm debate. Welcome, daylight; we shall have warm work on't. Dryden. 6. Being well off as to property, or in good circumstances; forehanded; rich. [Colloq.] Warm householders, every one of them. W. Irving. You shall have a draft upon him, payable at sight: and let me tell you he as warm a man as any within five miles round him. Goldsmith. 7. In children's games, being near the object sought for; hence, being close to the discovery of some person, thing, or fact concealed. [Colloq.] Here, indeed, young Mr. Dowse was getting "warm," Black. 8. (Paint.) Having yellow or red for a basis, or in their composition; -- said of colors, and opposed to cold which is of blue and its compounds. Syn. -- Ardent; zealous; fervent; glowing; enthusiastic; cordial; keen; violent; furious; hot. Warm Warm, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Warmed (; p. pr. & vb. n. Warming.] [AS. wearmian. See Warm, a.] 1. To communicate a moderate degree of heat to; to render warm; to supply or furnish heat to; as, a stove warms an apartment. Then shall it [an ash tree] be for a man to burn; for he will take thereof and warm himself. Isa. xliv 15 Enough to warm, but not enough to burn. Longfellow. 2. To make engaged or earnest; to interest; to engage; to excite ardor or zeal; to enliven. I formerly warmed my head with reading controversial writings. Pope. Bright hopes, that erst bosom warmed. Keble. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1628 Warm Warm (?), v. i. [AS. wearmian.] 1. To become warm, or moderately heated; as, the earth soon warms in a clear day summer. There shall not be a coal to warm at. Isa. xlvii. 14. 2. To become ardent or animated; as, the speakewarms as he proceeds. Warm Warm, n. The act of warming, or the state of being warmed; a warming; a heating. [Colloq.] Dickens. Warm-blooded Warm"-blood`ed (?), a. (Physiol.) Having warm blood; -- applied especially to those animals, as birds and mammals, which have warm blood, or, more properly, the power of maintaining a nearly uniform temperature whatever the temperature of the surrounding air. See Homoiothermal. Warmer Warm"er (?), n. One who, or that which, warms. Warmful Warm"ful (?), a. Abounding in capacity to warm; giving warmth; as, a warmful garment. [R.] Chapman. Warm-hearted Warm"-heart`ed (?), a. Having strong affection; cordial; sincere; hearty; sympathetic. -- Warm"-heart`ed*ness, n. Warming Warm"ing, a. & n. from Warm, v. Warming pan, a long-handled covered pan into which live coals are put, -- used for warming beds. Shak. Warmly Warm"ly, adv. In a warm manner; ardently. Warmness Warm"ness, n. Warmth. Chaucer. Warmonger War"mon`ger (?), n. One who makes ar a trade or business; a mercenary. [R.] Spenser. Warmouth War"mouth (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An American freshwater bream, or sunfish (Ch\'91nobryttus gulosus); -- called also red-eyed bream. Warmth Warmth (?), n. 1. The quality or state of being warm; gentle heat; as, the warmth of the sun; the warmth of the blood; vital warmth. Here kindly warmth their mounting juice ferments. Addison. 2. A state of lively and excited interest; zeal; ardor; fervor; passion; enthusiasm; earnestness; as, the warmth of love or piety; he replied with much warmth. "Spiritual warmth, and holy fires." Jer. Taylor. That warmth . . . which agrees with Christian zeal. Sprat. 3. (Paint.) The glowing effect which arises from the use of warm colors; hence, any similar appearance or effect in a painting, or work of color. Syn. -- Zeal; ardor; fervor; fervency; heat; glow; earnestness; cordiality; animation; eagerness; excitement; vehemence. Warmthless Warmth"less, a. Being without warmth; not communicating warmth; cold. [R.] Coleridge. Warn Warn (w&asdd;rn), v. t. [OE. wernen, AS. weornan, wyrnan. Cf. Warn to admonish.] To refuse. [Written also wern, worn.] [Obs.] Chaucer. Warn Warn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Warned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Warning.] [OE. warnen, warnien, AS. warnian, wearnian, to take heed, to warn; akin to AS. wearn denial, refusal, OS. warning, wernian, to refuse, OHG. warnen, G. warnen to warn, OFries. warna, werna, Icel. varna to refuse; and probably to E. wary. 1. To make ware or aware; to give previous information to; to give notice to; to notify; to admonish; hence, to notify or summon by authority; as, to warn a town meeting; to warn a tenant to quit a house. "Warned of the ensuing fight." Dryden. Cornelius the centurion . . . was warned from God by an holy angel to send for thee. Acts x. 22. Who is it that hath warned us to the walls? Shak. 2. To give notice to, of approaching or probable danger or evil; to caution against anything that may prove injurious. "Juturna warns the Daunian chief of Lausus' danger, urging swift relief." Dryden. 3. To ward off. [Obs.] Spenser. Warner Warn"er (?), n. One who warns; an admonisher. Warner Warn"er, n. A warrener. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Warning Warn"ing, a. Giving previous notice; cautioning; admonishing; as, a warning voice. That warning timepiece never ceased. Longfellow. Warning piece, Warning wheel (Horol.), a piece or wheel which produces a sound shortly before the clock strikes. Warning Warn"ing, n. 1. Previous notice. "At a month's warning." Dryden. A great journey to take upon so short a warning. L'Estrange. 2. Caution against danger, or against faults or evil practices which incur danger; admonition; monition. Could warning make the world more just or wise. Dryden. Warningly Warn"ing*ly, adv. In a warning manner. Warnstore Warn"store (?), v. t. [Cf. OF. warnesture, garnesture, provisions, supplies, and E. garnish.] To furnish. [Obs.] "To warnstore your house." Chaucer. Warp Warp (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Warped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Warping.] [OE. warpen; fr. Icel. varpa to throw, cast, varp a casting, fr. verpa to throw; akin to Dan. varpe to warp a ship, Sw. varpa, AS. weorpan to cast, OS. werpan, OFries. werpa, D. & LG. werpen, G. werfen, Goth. wa\'a1rpan; cf. Skr. vrj to twist. Wrap.] 1. To throw; hence, to send forth, or throw out, as words; to utter. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. 2. To turn or twist out of shape; esp., to twist or bend out of a flat plane by contraction or otherwise. The planks looked warped. Coleridge. Walter warped his mouth at this To something so mock solemn, that I laughed. Tennyson. 3. To turn aside from the true direction; to cause to bend or incline; to pervert. This first avowed, nor folly warped my mind. Dryden. I have no private considerations to warp me in this controversy. Addison. We are divested of all those passions which cloud the intellects, and warp the understandings, of men. Southey. 4. To weave; to fabricate. [R. & Poetic.] Nares. While doth he mischief warp. Sternhold. 5. (Naut.) To tow or move, as a vessel, with a line, or warp, attached to a buoy, anchor, or other fixed object. 6. To cast prematurely, as young; -- said of cattle, sheep, etc. [Prov. Eng.] 7. (Agric.) To let the tide or other water in upon (lowlying land), for the purpose of fertilization, by a deposit of warp, or slimy substance. [Prov. Eng.] 8. (Rope Making) To run off the reel into hauls to be tarred, as yarns. 9. (Weaving) To arrange (yarns) on a warp beam. Warped surface (Geom.), a surface generated by a straight line moving so that no two of its consecutive positions shall be in the same plane. Davies & Peck. Warp Warp (?), v. i. 1. To turn, twist, or be twisted out of shape; esp., to be twisted or bent out of a flat plane; as, a board warps in seasoning or shrinking. One of you will prove a shrunk panel, and, like green timber, warp, warp. Shak. They clamp one piece of wood to the end of another, to keep it from casting, or warping. Moxon. 2. to turn or incline from a straight, true, or proper course; to deviate; to swerve. There is our commission, From which we would not have you warp. Shak. 3. To fly with a bending or waving motion; to turn and wave, like a flock of birds or insects. A pitchy cloud Of locusts, warping on the eastern wind. Milton. 4. To cast the young prematurely; to slink; -- said of cattle, sheep, etc. [Prov. Eng.] 5. (Weaving) To wind yarn off bobbins for forming the warp of a web; to wind a warp on a warp beam. Warp Warp, n. [AS. wearp; akin to Icel. varp a casting, throwing, Sw. varp the draught of a net, Dan. varp a towline, OHG. warf warp, G. werft. See Warp, v.] 1. (Weaving) The threads which are extended lengthwise in the loom, and crossed by the woof. 2. (Naut.) A rope used in hauling or moving a vessel, usually with one end attached to an anchor, a post, or other fixed object; a towing line; a warping hawser. 3. (Agric.) A slimy substance deposited on land by tides, etc., by which a rich alluvial soil is formed. Lyell. 4. A premature casting of young; -- said of cattle, sheep, etc. [Prov. Eng.] 5. Four; esp., four herrings; a cast. See Cast, n., 17. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. 6. [From Warp, v.] The state of being warped or twisted; as, the warp of a board. Warp beam, the roller on which the warp is wound in a loom. -- Warp fabric, fabric produced by warp knitting. -- Warp frame, OR Warp-net frame, a machine for making warp lace having a number of needles and employing a thread for each needle. -- Warp knitting, a kind of knitting in which a number of threads are interchained each with one or more contiguous threads on either side; -- also called warp weaving. -- Warp lace, OR Warp net, lace having a warp crossed by weft threads. Warpage Warp"age (?), n. The act of warping; also, a charge per ton made on shipping in some harbors. Warpath War"path` (?), n. The route taken by a party of Indians going on a warlike expedition. Schoolcraft. On the warpath, on a hostile expedition; hence, colloquially, about to attack a person or measure. Warper Warp"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, warps or twists out of shape. 2. One who, or that which, forms yarn or thread into warps or webs for the loom. Warping Warp"ing, n. 1. The act or process of one who, or that which, warps. 2. The art or occupation of preparing warp or webs for the weaver. Craig. Warping bank, a bank of earth raised round a field to retain water let in for the purpose of enriching land. Craig. -- Warping hook, a hook used by rope makers for hanging the yarn on, when warping it into hauls for tarring. -- Warping mill, a machine for warping yarn. -- Warping penny, money, varying according to the length of the thread, paid to the weaver by the spinner on laying the warp. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. -- Warping post, a strong post used in warping rope-yarn. Warproof War"proof` (?), n. Valor tried by war. Warragal War"ra*gal (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The dingo. Warrandice War"ran*dice (?), n. [See Warrantise.] (Scots Law) The obligation by which a person, conveying a subject or a right, is bound to uphold that subject or right against every claim, challenge, or burden arising from circumstances prior to the conveyance; warranty. [Written also warrandise.] Craig. Warrant War"rant (?), n. [OE. warant, OF. warant a warrant, a defender, protector, F. garant, originally a p. pr. pf German origin, fr. OHG. wer&emac;n to grant, warrant, G. gew\'84hren; akin to OFries. wera. Cf. Guarantee.] 1. That which warrants or authorizes; a commission giving authority, or justifying the doing of anything; an act, instrument, or obligation, by which one person authorizes another to do something which he has not otherwise a right to do; an act or instrument investing one with a right or authority, and thus securing him from loss or damage; commission; authority. Specifically: -- (a) A writing which authorizes a person to receive money or other thing. (b) (Law) A precept issued by a magistrate authorizing an officer to make an arrest, a seizure, or a search, or do other acts incident to the administration of justice. (c) (Mil. & Nav.) An official certificate of appointment issued to an officer of lower rank than a commissioned officer. See Warrant officer, below. 2. That which vouches or insures for anything; guaranty; security. I give thee warrant of thy place. Shak. His worth is warrant for his welcome hither. Shak. 3. That which attests or proves; a voucher. 4. Right; legality; allowance. [Obs.] Shak. Bench warrant. (Law) See in the Vocabulary. -- Dock warrant (Com.), a customhouse license or authority. -- General warrant. (Law) See under General. -- Land warrant. See under Land. -- Search warrant. (Law) See under Search, n. -- Warrant of attorney (Law), written authority given by one person to another empowering him to transact business for him; specifically, written authority given by a client to his attorney to appear for him in court, and to suffer judgment to pass against him by confession in favor of some specified person. Bouvier. -- Warrant officer, a noncommissioned officer, as a sergeant, corporal, bandmaster, etc., in the army, or a quartermaster, gunner, boatswain, etc., in the navy. -- Warrant to sue and defend. (a) (O. Eng. Law) A special warrant from the crown, authorizing a party to appoint an attorney to sue or defend for him. (b) A special authority given by a party to his attorney to commence a suit, or to appear and defend a suit in his behalf. This warrant is now disused. Burrill. Warrant War"rant (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Warranted; p. pr. & vb. n. Warranting.] [OE. waranten, OF. warantir, garantir, guarantir, garentir, garandir, F. garantir to warrant, fr. OF. warant, garant, guarant, a warrant, a protector, a defender, F. garant. &root;142. See Warrant, n.] 1. To make secure; to give assurance against harm; to guarantee safety to; to give authority or power to do, or forbear to do, anything by which the person authorized is secured, or saved harmless, from any loss or damage by his action. That show I first my body to warrant. Chaucer. I'll warrant him from drowning. Shak. In a place Less warranted than this, or less secure, I can not be. Milton. 2. To support by authority or proof; to justify; to maintain; to sanction; as, reason warrants it. True fortitude is seen in great exploits, That justice warrants, and that wisdom guides. Addison. How little while it is since he went forth out of his study, -- chewing a Hebrew text of Scripture in his mouth, I warrant. Hawthorne. 3. To give a warrant or warranty to; to assure as if by giving a warrant to. [My neck is] as smooth as silk, I warrant ye. L' Estrange. 4. (Law) (a) To secure to, as a grantee, an estate granted; to assure. (b) To secure to, as a purchaser of goods, the title to the same; to indemnify against loss. (c) To secure to, as a purchaser, the quality or quantity of the goods sold, as represented. See Warranty, n., 2. (d) To assure, as a thing sold, to the purchaser; that is, to engage that the thing is what it appears, or is represented, to be, which implies a covenant to make good any defect or loss incurred by it. Warrantable War"rant*a*ble (?), a. Authorized by commission, precept, or right; justifiable; defensible; as, the seizure of a thief is always warrantable by law and justice; falsehood is never warrantable. His meals are coarse and short, his employment warrantable, his sleep certain and refreshing. South. -- War"rant*a*ble*ness, n. -- War"rant*bly, adv. Warrantee War`ran*tee" (?), n. (Law) The person to whom a warrant or warranty is made. Warranter War"rant*er (?), n. 1. One who warrants, gives authority, or legally empowers. 2. (Law) One who assures, or covenants to assure; one who contracts to secure another in a right, or to make good any defect of title or quality; one who gives a warranty; a guarantor; as, the warranter of a horse. Warrantise War"rant*ise (?), n. [OF. warentise, warandise, garantise. See Warrant, n.] Authority; security; warranty. [Obs.] Shak. Warrantise War"rant*ise, v. t. To warrant. [Obs.] Hakluyt. Warrantor War"rant*or (?), n. (Law) One who warrants. Warranty War"rant*y (?), n.; pl. Warranties (#). [OF. warantie, F. garantie. See Warrant, n., and cf. Guaranty.] 1. (Anc. Law) A covenant real, whereby the grantor of an estate of freehold and his heirs were bound to warrant and defend the title, and, in case of eviction by title paramount, to yield other lands of equal value in recompense. This warranty has long singe become obsolete, and its place supplied by personal covenants for title. Among these is the covenant of warranty, which runs with the land, and is in the nature of a real covenant. Kent. 2. (Modern Law) An engagement or undertaking, express or implied, that a certain fact regarding the subject of a contract is, or shall be, as it is expressly or impliedly declared or promised to be. In sales of goods by persons in possession, there is an implied warranty of title, but, as to the quality of goods, the rule of every sale is, Caveat emptor. Chitty. Bouvier. 3. (Insurance Law) A stipulation or engagement by a party insured, that certain things, relating to the subject of insurance, or affecting the risk, exist, or shall exist, or have been done, or shall be done. These warranties, when express, should appear in the policy; but there are certain implied warranties. Bouvier. 4. Justificatory mandate or precept; authority; warrant. [R.] Shak. If they disobey precept, that is no excuse to us, nor gives us any warranty . . . to disobey likewise. Kettlewe 5. Security; warrant; guaranty. The stamp was a warranty of the public. Locke. Syn. -- See Guarantee. Warranty War"rant*y, v. t. To warrant; to guarantee. Warray War"ray (?), v. t. [OF. werreier, werrier, guerroier, F. guerroyer, from OF. werre war, F. guerre; of German origin. See War.] To make war upon. [Obs.] Fairfax. "When a man warrayeth truth." Chaucer. Warre Warre (?), a. [OE. werre; of Scand. origin. See Worse.] Worse. [Obs.] They say the world is much warre than it wont. Spenser. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1629 Warren War"ren (?), n. [Of. waresne, warenne, garene, F. garenne, from OF. warer, garer, to beware, to take care; of Teutonic origin; cf. OHG. war (in comp.), OS. war to take care, to observe, akin to E. wary. Wary.] 1. (Eng Law) (a) A place privileged, by prescription or grant the king, for keeping certain animals (as hares, conies, partridges, pheasants, etc.) called beasts and fowls of warren. Burrill. (b) A privilege which one has in his lands, by royal grant or prescription, of hunting and taking wild beasts and birds of warren, to the exclusion of any other person not entering by his permission. Spelman. They wend both warren and in waste. Piers Plowman. NOTE: &hand; Th e wa rren is th e ne xt franchise in degree to the park; and a forest, which is the highest in dignity, comprehends a chase, a park, and a free warren. 2. A piece of ground for the breeding of rabbits. 3. A place for keeping flash, in a river. Warrener War"ren*er (?), n. The keeper of a warren. Warriangle War`ri*an"gle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Wariangle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Warrie War"rie (?), v. t. See Warye. [Obs.] Warrin War"rin (?), n. [From a native name.] (Zo\'94l.) An Australian lorikeet (Trichoglossus multicolor) remarkable for the variety and brilliancy of its colors; -- called also blue-bellied lorikeet, and blue-bellied parrot. Warrior War"rior (?; 277), n. [OE. werreour, OF. werreour, guerreor, from guerre, werre, war. See War, and Warray.] A man engaged or experienced in war, or in the military life; a soldier; a champion. Warriors old with ordered spear and shield. Milton. Warrior ant (Zo\'94l.), a reddish ant (Formica sanguinea) native of Europe and America. It is one of the species which move in armies to capture and enslave other ants. Warrioress War"rior*ess, n. A female warrior. [Obs.] Spenser. Warry War"ry (?), v. t. See Warye. [Obs.] Warsaw War"saw (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The black grouper (Epinephelus nigritus) of the southern coasts of the United States. (b) The jewfish; -- called also guasa. Wart Wart (?), n. [OE. werte, AS. wearte; akin to D. wrat, G. warze, OHG. warza, Icel. varta, Sw. v\'86rta, Dan. vorte; perh. orig., a growth, and akin to E. wort; or cf. L. verruca wart.] 1. (Med.) A small, usually hard, tumor on the skin formed by enlargement of its vascular papill\'91, and thickening of the epidermis which covers them. 2. An excrescence or protuberance more or less resembling a true wart; specifically (Bot.), a glandular excrescence or hardened protuberance on plants. Fig wart, Moist wart (Med.), a soft, bright red, pointed or tufted tumor found about the genitals, often massed into groups of large size. It is a variety of condyloma. Called also pointed wart, venereal wart. L. A. Duhring. -- Wart cress (Bot.), the swine's cress. See under Swine. -- Wart snake (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of East Indian colubrine snakes of the genus Acrochordus, having the body covered with wartlike tubercles or spinose scales, and lacking cephalic plates and ventral scutes. -- Wart spurge (Bot.), a kind of wartwort (Euphorbia Helioscopia). Warted Wart"ed, a. (Bot.) Having little knobs on the surface; verrucose; as, a warted capsule. Wart hog Wart" hog` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Either one of two species of large, savage African wild hogs of the genus Phacoch&oe;rus. These animals have a pair of large, rough, fleshy tubercles behind the tusks and second pair behind the eyes. The tusks are large and strong, and both pairs curve upward. The body is scantily covered with bristles, but there is long dorsal mane. The South African species (Phacoch&oe;rus \'92thiopicus) is the best known. Called also vlacke vark. The second species (P. \'92liani) is native of the coasts of the Red Sea. Wartless Wart"less, a. Having no wart. Wartweed Wart"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Wartwort. Wartwort Wart"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to several plants because they were thought to be a cure for warts, as a kind of spurge (Euphorbia Helioscopia), and the nipplewort (Lampsana communis). Warty Wart"y (?), a. 1. Having warts; full of warts; overgrow with warts; as, a warty leaf. 2. Of the nature of warts; as, a warty excrescence. Warty egg (Zo\'94l.), a marine univalve shell (Ovulum verrucosum), having the surface covered with wartlike elevations. Warwickite War"wick*ite (?), n. (Min.) A dark brown or black mineral, occurring in prismatic crystals imbedded in limestone near Warwick, New York. It consists of the borate and titanate of magnesia and iron. Warworn War"worn` (?), a. Worn with military service; as, a warworn soldier; a warworn coat. Shak. Wary Wa"ry (?), a. [Compar. Warier (?); superl. Wariest.] [OE. war, AS. w\'91r; akin to Icel. v, Dan. & Sw. var, Goth. wars, G. gewahr aware, OHG. wara notice, attention, Gr. Aware, Garment, Garnish, Garrison, Panorama, Ward, v. t. Ware, a., Warren.] 1. Cautious of danger; carefully watching and guarding against deception, artifices, and dangers; timorously or suspiciously prudent; circumspect; scrupulous; careful. "Bear a wary eye." Shak. We should be wary, therefore, what persecution we raise against the living labors of public men. Milton. 2. Characterized by caution; guarded; careful. It behoveth our words to be wary and few. Hooker. Syn. -- Cautious; circumspect; watchful. See Cautious. Warye War"ye (?), v. t. [AS. wergian, wyrgean. Cf. Worry.] To curse; to curse; to execrate; to condemn; also, to vex. [Obs.] [Spelled also warrie, warry, and wary.] "Whom I thus blame and warye." Chaucer. Was Was (?). [AS. w\'91s, 2d pers. w&aemac;re, 3d pers. w\'91s, pl. w&aemac;ron, with the inf. wesan to be; akin to D. wezen, imp. was, OHG. wesan, imp. was, G. wesen, n., a being, essence, war was, Icel. vera to be, imp. var, Goth. wisan to be, to dwell, to remain, imp. was, Skr. vas to remain, to dwell. &root;148. Cf. Vernacular, Wassail, Were, v.] The first and third persons singular of the verb be, in the indicative mood, preterit (imperfect) tense; as, I was; he was. Wase Wase (?), n. [Cf. Sw. vase a sheaf.] A bundle of straw, or other material, to relieve the pressure of burdens carried upon the head. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Wash Wash (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Washed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Washing.] [OE. waschen, AS. wascan; akin to D. wasschen, G. waschen, OHG. wascan, Icel. & Sw. vaska, Dan. vaske, and perhaps to E. water. &root;150.] 1. To cleanse by ablution, or dipping or rubbing in water; to apply water or other liquid to for the purpose of cleansing; to scrub with water, etc., or as with water; as, to wash the hands or body; to wash garments; to wash sheep or wool; to wash the pavement or floor; to wash the bark of trees. When Pilate saw that he could prevail nothing, . . . he took water and washed his hands before the multitude, saying, I am innocent of the blood of this just person. Matt. xxvii. 24. 2. To cover with water or any liquid; to wet; to fall on and moisten; hence, to overflow or dash against; as, waves wash the shore. Fresh-blown roses washed with dew. Milton. [The landscape] washed with a cold, gray mist. Longfellow. 3. To waste or abrade by the force of water in motion; as, heavy rains wash a road or an embankment.<-- now, wash out. --> 4. To remove by washing to take away by, or as by, the action of water; to drag or draw off as by the tide; -- often with away, off, out, etc.; as, to wash dirt from the hands. Arise, and be baptized, and wash away thy sins. Acts xxii. 16. The tide will wash you off. Shak. 5. To cover with a thin or watery coat of color; to tint lightly and thinly. 6. To overlay with a thin coat of metal; as, steel washed with silver. To wash gold, etc., to treat earth or gravel, or crushed ore, with water, in order to separate the gold or other metal, or metallic ore, through their superior gravity. -- To wash the hands of. See under Hand. Wash Wash, v. i. 1. To perform the act of ablution. Wash in Jordan seven times. 2 Kings v. 10. 2. To clean anything by rubbing or dipping it in water; to perform the business of cleansing clothes, ore, etc., in water. "She can wash and scour." Shak. 3. To bear without injury the operation of being washed; as, some calicoes do not wash. [Colloq.] 4. To be wasted or worn away by the action of water, as by a running or overflowing stream, or by the dashing of the sea; -- said of road, a beach, etc. Wash Wash, n. 1. The act of washing; an ablution; a cleansing, wetting, or dashing with water; hence, a quantity, as of clothes, washed at once. 2. A piece of ground washed by the action of a sea or river, or sometimes covered and sometimes left dry; the shallowest part of a river, or arm of the sea; also, a bog; a marsh; a fen; as, the washes in Lincolnshire. "The Wash of Edmonton so gay." Cowper. These Lincoln washes have devoured them. Shak. 3. Substances collected and deposited by the action of water; as, the wash of a sewer, of a river, etc. The wash of pastures, fields, commons, and roads, where rain water hath a long time settled. Mortimer. 4. Waste liquid, the refuse of food, the collection from washed dishes, etc., from a kitchen, often used as food for pigs. Shak. 5. (Distilling) (a) The fermented wort before the spirit is extracted. (b) A mixture of dunder, molasses, water, and scummings, used in the West Indies for distillation. B. Edwards. 6. That with which anything is washed, or wetted, smeared, tinted, etc., upon the surface. Specifically: -- (a) A liquid cosmetic for the complexion. (b) A liquid dentifrice. (c) A liquid preparation for the hair; as, a hair wash. (d) A medical preparation in a liquid form for external application; a lotion. (e) (Painting) A thin coat of color, esp. water color. (j) A thin coat of metal laid on anything for beauty or preservation. 7. (Naut.) (a) The blade of an oar, or the thin part which enters the water. (b) The backward current or disturbed water caused by the action of oars, or of a steamer's screw or paddles, etc. 8. The flow, swash, or breaking of a body of water, as a wave; also, the sound of it. 9. Ten strikes, or bushels, of oysters. [Prov. Eng.] Wash ball, a ball of soap to be used in washing the hands or face. Swift. -- Wash barrel (Fisheries), a barrel nearly full of split mackerel, loosely put in, and afterward filled with salt water in order to soak the blood from the fish before salting. -- Wash bottle. (Chem.) (a) A bottle partially filled with some liquid through which gases are passed for the purpose of purifying them, especially by removing soluble constituents. (b) A washing bottle. See under Washing. -- Wash gilding. See Water gilding. -- Wash leather, split sheepskin dressed with oil, in imitation of chamois, or shammy, and used for dusting, cleaning glass or plate, etc.; also, alumed, or buff, leather for soldiers' belts. Wash Wash, a. 1 Washy; weak. [Obs.] Their bodies of so weak and wash a temper. Beau. & Fl. 2. Capable of being washed without injury; washable; as, wash goods. [Colloq.] Washable Wash"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being washed without damage to fabric or color. Washboard Wash"board` (?), n. 1. A fluted, or ribbed, board on which clothes are rubbed in washing them. 2. A board running round, and serving as a facing for, the walls of a room, next to the floor; a mopboard. 3. (Naut.) A broad, thin plank, fixed along the gunwale of boat to keep the sea from breaking inboard; also, a plank on the sill of a lower deck port, for the same purpose; -- called also wasteboard. Mar. Di Washbowl Wash"bowl` (?), n. A basin, or bowl, to hold water for washing one's hands, face, etc. Washdish Wash"dish` (?), n. 1. A washbowl. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Washerwoman, 2. [Prov. Eng.] Washed Washed (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Appearing as if overlaid with a thin layer of different color; -- said of the colors of certain birds and insects. Washen Wash"en (?), obs. p. p. of Wash. Chaucer. Washer Wash"er (?), n. [AS. w\'91scere.] 1. One who, or that which, washes. 2. A ring of metal, leather, or other material, or a perforated plate, used for various purposes, as around a bolt or screw to form a seat for the head or nut, or around a wagon axle to prevent endwise motion of the hub of the wheel and relieve friction, or in a joint to form a packing, etc. 3. (Plumbing) A fitting, usually having a plug, applied to a cistern, tub, sink, or the like, and forming the outlet opening. 4. (Zo\'94l.) The common raccoon. 5. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Washerwoman, 2. [Prov. Eng.] Washerman Wash"er*man (?), n.; pl. Washermen (. A man who washes clothes, esp. for hire, or for others. Washerwoman Wash"er*wom`an (?), n.; pl. Washerwomen (. 1. A woman who washes clothes, especially for hire, or for others. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The pied wagtail; -- so called in allusion to its beating the water with its tail while tripping along the leaves of water plants. [Prov. Eng.] Washhouse Wash"house` (?), n. An outbuilding for washing, esp. one for washing clothes; a laundry. Washiness Wash"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being washy, watery, or weak. Washing Wash"ing, n. 1. The act of one who washes; the act of cleansing with water; ablution. 2. The clothes washed, esp. at one time; a wash. Washing bear (Zo\'94l.), the raccoon. -- Washing bottle (Chem.), a bottle fitted with glass tubes passing through the cork, so that on blowing into one of the tubes a stream of water issuing from the other may be directed upon anything to be washed or rinsed, as a precipitate upon a filter, etc. -- Washing fluid, a liquid used as a cleanser, and consisting usually of alkaline salts resembling soaps in their action. -- Washing machine, a machine for washing; specifically, a machine for washing clothes. -- Washing soda. (Chem.) See Sodium carbonate, under Sodium. -- Washing stuff, any earthy deposit containing gold enough to pay for washing it; -- so called among gold miners. Washingtonian Wash`ing*to"ni*an (?), a. 1. Pertaining to, or characteristic of, George Washington; as, a Washingtonian policy. Lowell. 2. Designating, or pertaining to, a temperance society and movement started in Baltimore in 1840 on the principle of total abstinence. -- n. A member of the Washingtonian Society. Wash-off Wash"-off` (?), a. (Calico Printing) Capable of being washed off; not permanent or durable; -- said of colors not fixed by steaming or otherwise. Washout Wash"out` (?), n. The washing out or away of earth, etc., especially of a portion of the bed of a road or railroad by a fall of rain or a freshet; also, a place, especially in the bed of a road or railroad, where the earth has been washed away. Washpot Wash"pot` (?), n. 1. A pot or vessel in which anything is washed. 2. (Tin-Plate Manuf.) A pot containing melted tin into which the plates are dipped to be coated. Washstand Wash"stand` (?), n. A piece of furniture holding the ewer or pitcher, basin, and other requisites for washing the person. Washtub Wash"tub` (?), n. A tub in which clothes are washed. Washy Wash"y (?), a. [From Wash.] 1. Watery; damp; soft. "Washy ooze." Milton. 2. Lacking substance or strength; weak; thin; dilute; feeble; as, washy tea; washy resolutions. A polish . . . not over thin and washy. Sir H. Wotton. 3. Not firm or hardy; liable to sweat profusely with labor; as, a washy horse. [Local, U. S.] Wasite Wa"site (?), n. [See Wasium.] (Min.) A variety of allanite from Sweden supposed to contain wasium. Wasium Wa"si*um (?), n. [NL. So called from Wasa, or Vasa, the name of a former royal family of Sweden.] (Chem.) A rare element supposed by Bahr to have been extracted from wasite, but now identified with thorium. Wasp Wasp (?), n. [OE. waspe, AS. w\'91ps, w\'91fs; akin to D. wesp, G. wespe, OHG. wafsa, wefsa, Lith. vapsa gadfly, Russ. osa wasp, L. vespa, and perhaps to E. weave.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of stinging hymenopterous insects, esp. any of the numerous species of the genus Vespa, which includes the true, or social, wasps, some of which are called yellow jackets. NOTE: &hand; Th e social wasps make a complex series of combs, of a substance like stiff paper, often of large size, and protect them by a paperlike covering. The larv\'91 are reared in the cells of the combs, and eat insects and insect larv\'91 brought to them by the adults, but the latter feed mainly on the honey and pollen of flowers, and on the sweet juices of fruit. See Illust. in Appendix. Digger wasp, any one of numerous species of solitary wasps that make their nests in burrows which they dig in the ground, as the sand wasps. See Sand wasp, under Sand. -- Mud wasp. See under Mud. -- Potter wasp. See under Potter. -- Wasp fly, a species of fly resembling a wasp, but without a sting. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1630 Waspish Wasp"ish (?), a. 1. Resembling a wasp in form; having a slender waist, like a wasp. 2. Quick to resent a trifling affront; characterized by snappishness; irritable; irascible; petulant; snappish. He was naturally a waspish and hot man. Bp. Hall. Much do I suffer, much, to keep in peace This jealous, waspish, wrong-head, rhyming race. Pope. Syn. -- Snappish; petulant; irritable; irascible; testy; peevish; captious. -- Wasp"ish*ly, adv. -- Wasp"ish*ness, n. Wassail Was"sail (?), n. [AS. wes h\'bel (or an equivalent form in another dialect) be in health, which was the form of drinking a health. The form wes is imperative. See Was, and Whole.] 1. An ancient expression of good wishes on a festive occasion, especially in drinking to some one. Geoffrey of Monmouth relates, on the authority of Walter Calenius, that this lady [Rowena], the daughter of Hengist, knelt down on the approach of the king, and, presenting him with a cup of wine, exclaimed, Lord king w\'91s heil, that is, literally, Health be to you. N. Drake. 2. An occasion on which such good wishes are expressed in drinking; a drinking bout; a carouse. "In merry wassail he . . . peals his loud song." Sir W. Scott. The king doth wake to-night and takes his rouse, Keeps wassail. Shak. The victors abandoned themselves to feasting and wassail. Prescott. 3. The liquor used for a wassail; esp., a beverage formerly much used in England at Christmas and other festivals, made of ale (or wine) flavored with spices, sugar, toast, roasted apples, etc.; -- called also lamb's wool. A jolly wassail bowl, A wassail of good ale. Old Song. 4. A festive or drinking song or glee. [Obs.] Have you done your wassail! 'T is a handsome, drowsy ditty, I'll assure you. Beau. & Fl. Wassail Was"sail, a. Of or pertaining to wassail, or to a wassail; convivial; as, a wassail bowl. "Awassail candle, my lord, all tallow." Shak. Wassail bowl, a bowl in which wassail was mixed, and placed upon the table. "Spiced wassail bowl." J. Fletcher. "When the cloth was removed, the butler brought in a huge silver vessel . . . Its appearance was hailed with acclamation, being the wassail bowl so renowned in Christmas festivity." W. Irving. -- Wassail cup, a cup from which wassail was drunk. Wassail Was"sail, v. i. To hold a wassail; to carouse. Spending all the day, and good part of the night, in dancing, caroling, and wassailing. Sir P. Sidney. Wassailer Was"sail*er (?), n. One who drinks wassail; one who engages in festivity, especially in drinking; a reveler. The rudeness and swilled insolence Of such late wassailers. Milton. Wast Wast (?). The second person singular of the verb be, in the indicative mood, imperfect tense; -- now used only in solemn or poetical style. See Was. Wastage Wast"age (?), n. Loss by use, decay, evaporation, leakage, or the like; waste. Waste Waste (?), a. [OE. wast, OF. wast, from L. vastus, influenced by the kindred German word; cf. OHG. wuosti, G. w\'81st, OS. w, D. woest, AS. w&emac;ste. Cf. Vast.] 1. Desolate; devastated; stripped; bare; hence, dreary; dismal; gloomy; cheerless. The dismal situation waste and wild. Milton. His heart became appalled as he gazed forward into the waste darkness of futurity. Sir W. Scott. 2. Lying unused; unproductive; worthless; valueless; refuse; rejected; as, waste land; waste paper. But his waste words returned to him in vain. Spenser. Not a waste or needless sound, Till we come to holier ground. Milton. Ill day which made this beauty waste. Emerson. 3. Lost for want of occupiers or use; superfluous. And strangled with her waste fertility. Milton. Waste gate, a gate by which the superfluous water of a reservoir, or the like, is discharged. -- Waste paper. See under Paper. -- Waste pipe, a pipe for carrying off waste, or superfluous, water or other fluids. Specifically: (a) (Steam Boilers) An escape pipe. See under Escape. (b) (Plumbing) The outlet pipe at the bottom of a bowl, tub, sink, or the like. -- Waste steam. (a) Steam which escapes the air. (b) Exhaust steam. -- Waste trap, a trap for a waste pipe, as of a sink. Waste Waste, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Wasting.] [OE. wasten, OF. waster, guaster, gaster, F. g\'83ter to spoil, L. vastare to devastate, to lay waste, fr. vastus waste, desert, uncultivated, ravaged, vast, but influenced by a kindred German word; cf. OHG. wuosten, G. w\'81sten, AS. w&emac;stan. See Waste, a.] 1. To bring to ruin; to devastate; to desolate; to destroy. Thou barren ground, whom winter's wrath hath wasted, Art made a mirror to behold my plight. Spenser. The Tiber Insults our walls, and wastes our fruitful grounds. Dryden. 2. To wear away by degrees; to impair gradually; to diminish by constant loss; to use up; to consume; to spend; to wear out. Until your carcasses be wasted in the wilderness. Num. xiv. 33. O, were I able To waste it all myself, and leave ye none! Milton. Here condemned To waste eternal days in woe and pain. Milton. Wasted by such a course of life, the infirmities of age daily grew on him. Robertson. 3. To spend unnecessarily or carelessly; to employ prodigally; to expend without valuable result; to apply to useless purposes; to lavish vainly; to squander; to cause to be lost; to destroy by scattering or injury. The younger son gathered all together, and . . . wasted his substance with riotous living. Luke xv. 13. Full many a flower is born to blush unseen, And waste its sweetness on the desert air. Gray. 4. (Law) To damage, impair, or injure, as an estate, voluntarily, or by suffering the buildings, fences, etc., to go to decay. Syn. -- To squander; dissipate; lavish; desolate. Waste Waste (?), v. i. 1. To be diminished; to lose bulk, substance, strength, value, or the like, gradually; to be consumed; to dwindle; to grow less. The time wasteth night and day. Chaucer. The barrel of meal shall not waste. 1 Kings xvii. 14. But man dieth, and wasteth away. Job xiv. 10. 2. (Sporting) To procure or sustain a reduction of flesh; -- said of a jockey in preparation for a race, etc. Waste Waste, n. [OE. waste; cf. the kindred AS. w, OHG. w, wuost\'c6, G. w\'81ste. See Waste, a. & v.] 1. The act of wasting, or the state of being wasted; a squandering; needless destruction; useless consumption or expenditure; devastation; loss without equivalent gain; gradual loss or decrease, by use, wear, or decay; as, a waste of property, time, labor, words, etc. "Waste . . . of catel and of time." Chaucer. For all this waste of wealth loss of blood. Milton. He will never . . . in the way of waste, attempt us again. Shak. Little wastes in great establishments, constantly occurring, may defeat the energies of a mighty capital. L. Beecher. 2. That which is wasted or desolate; a devastated, uncultivated, or wild country; a deserted region; an unoccupied or unemployed space; a dreary void; a desert; a wilderness. "The wastes of Nature." Emerson. All the leafy nation sinks at last, And Vulcan rides in triumph o'er the waste. Dryden. The gloomy waste of waters which bears his name is his tomb and his monument. Bancroft. 3. That which is of no value; worthless remnants; refuse. Specifically: Remnants of cops, or other refuse resulting from the working of cotton, wool, hemp, and the like, used for wiping machinery, absorbing oil in the axle boxes of railway cars, etc. 4. (Law) Spoil, destruction, or injury, done to houses, woods, fences, lands, etc., by a tenant for life or for years, to the prejudice of the heir, or of him in reversion or remainder. NOTE: &hand; Wa ste is voluntary, as by pulling down buildings; or permissive, as by suffering them to fall for want of necessary repairs. Whatever does a lasting damage to the freehold is a waste. Blackstone. 5. (Mining) Old or abandoned workings, whether left as vacant space or filled with refuse. Syn. -- Prodigality; diminution; loss; dissipation; destruction; devastation; havoc; desolation; ravage. Wastebasket Waste"bas`ket (?), n. A basket used in offices, libraries, etc., as a receptacle for waste paper. Wasteboard Waste"board` (?), n. (Naut.) See Washboard, 3. Wastebook Waste"book` (?), n. (Com.) A book in which rough entries of transactions are made, previous to their being carried into the journal. Wasteful Waste"ful (?), c. 1. Full of waste; destructive to property; ruinous; as; wasteful practices or negligence; wasteful expenses. 2. Expending, or tending to expend, property, or that which is valuable, in a needless or useless manner; lavish; prodigal; as, a wasteful person; a wasteful disposition. 3. Waste; desolate; unoccupied; untilled. [Obs.] In wilderness and wasteful desert strayed. Spenser. Syn. -- Lavish; profuse; prodigal; extravagant. -- Waste"ful*ly, adv. -- Waste"ful*ness, n. Wastel Was"tel (?), n. [OF. wastel, gastel, F. g\'83teau, LL. wastellus, fr. MHG. wastel a kind of bread; cf. OHG. & AS. wist food.] A kind of white and fine bread or cake; -- called also wastel bread, and wastel cake. [Obs.] Roasted flesh or milk and wasted bread. Chaucer. The simnel bread and wastel cakes, which were only used at the tables of the highest nobility. Sir W. Scott. Wasteness Waste"ness (?), n. 1. The quality or state of being waste; a desolate state or condition; desolation. A day of trouble and distress, a day of wasteness. Zeph. i. 15. 2. That which is waste; a desert; a waste. [R.] Through woods and wasteness wide him daily sought. Spenser. Waster Wast"er (?), n. [OE. wastour, OF. wasteor, gasteor. See Waste, v. t.] 1. One who, or that which, wastes; one who squanders; one who consumes or expends extravagantly; a spendthrift; a prodigal. He also that is slothful in his work is brother to him that is a great waster. Prov. xviii. 9. Sconces are great wasters of candles. Swift. 2. An imperfection in the wick of a candle, causing it to waste; -- called also a thief. Halliwell. 3. A kind of cudgel; also, a blunt-edged sword used as a foil. Half a dozen of veneys at wasters with a good fellow for a broken head. Beau. & Fl. Being unable to wield the intellectual arms of reason, they are fain to betake them unto wasters. Sir T. Browne. Wastethrift Waste"thrift` (?), n. A spendthrift. [Obs.] Wasteweir Waste"weir` (?), n. An overfall, or weir, for the escape, or overflow, of superfluous water from a canal, reservoir, pond, or the like. Wasting Wast"ing, a. Causing waste; also, undergoing waste; diminishing; as, a wasting disease; a wasting fortune. <-- wasting asset = 2nd sense. Should be separate senses. --> Wasting palsy (Med.), progressive muscular atrophy. See under Progressive. Wastor Wast"or, n. A waster; a thief. [Obs. or R.] [Written also wastour.] Chaucer. Southey. Wastorel Wast"o*rel (?), n. See Wastrel. [Obs.] Wastrel Wast"rel (?), n. 1. Any waste thing or substance; as: (a) Waste land or common land. [Obs.] Carew. (b) A profligate. [Prov. Eng.] (c) A neglected child; a street Arab. [Eng.] 2. Anything cast away as bad or useless, as imperfect bricks, china, etc. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Watch Watch (?), n. [OE. wacche, AS. w\'91cce, fr. wacian to wake; akin to D. wacht, waak, G. wacht, wache. Wake, v. i. ] 1. The act of watching; forbearance of sleep; vigil; wakeful, vigilant, or constantly observant attention; close observation; guard; preservative or preventive vigilance; formerly, a watching or guarding by night. Shepherds keeping watch by night. Milton. All the long night their mournful watch they keep. Addison. NOTE: &hand; Watch was formerly distinguished from ward, the former signifying a watching or guarding by night, and the latter a watching, guarding, or protecting by day Hence, they were not unfrequently used together, especially in the phrase to keep watch and ward, to denote continuous and uninterrupted vigilance or protection, or both watching and guarding. This distinction is now rarely recognized, watch being used to signify a watching or guarding both by night and by day, and ward, which is now rarely used, having simply the meaning of guard, or protection, without reference to time. Still, when she slept, he kept both watch and ward. Spenser. Ward, guard, or custodia, is chiefly applied to the daytime, in order to apprehend rioters, and robbers on the highway . . . Watch, is properly applicable to the night only, . . . and it begins when ward ends, and ends when that begins. Blackstone. 2. One who watches, or those who watch; a watchman, or a body of watchmen; a sentry; a guard. Pilate said unto them, Ye have a watch; go your way, make it as sure as ye can. Matt. xxvii. 65. 3. The post or office of a watchman; also, the place where a watchman is posted, or where a guard is kept. He upbraids Iago, that he made him Brave me upon the watch. Shak. 4. The period of the night during which a person does duty as a sentinel, or guard; the time from the placing of a sentinel till his relief; hence, a division of the night. I did stand my watch upon the hill. Shak. Might we but hear . . . Or whistle from the lodge, or village cock Count the night watches to his feathery dames. Milton. 5. A small timepiece, or chronometer, to be carried about the person, the machinery of which is moved by a spring.<-- or electric or electronic mechanisms. --> NOTE: &hand; Wa tches ar e of ten di stinguished by th e ki nd of escapement used, as an anchor watch, a lever watch, a chronometer watch, etc. (see the Note under Escapement, n., 3); also, by the kind of case, as a gold or silver watch, an open-faced watch, a hunting watch, or hunter, etc. 6. (Naut.) (a) An allotted portion of time, usually four hour for standing watch, or being on deck ready for duty. Cf. Dogwatch. (b) That part, usually one half, of the officers and crew, who together attend to the working of a vessel for an allotted time, usually four hours. The watches are designated as the port watch, and the starboard watch. Anchor watch (Naut.), a detail of one or more men who keep watch on deck when a vessel is at anchor. -- To be on the watch, to be looking steadily for some event. -- Watch and ward (Law), the charge or care of certain officers to keep a watch by night and a guard by day in towns, cities, and other districts, for the preservation of the public peace. Wharton. Burrill. -- Watch and watch (Naut.), the regular alternation in being on watch and off watch of the two watches into which a ship's crew is commonly divided. -- Watch barrel, the brass box in a watch, containing the mainspring. -- Watch bell (Naut.), a bell struck when the half-hour glass is run out, or at the end of each half hour. Craig. -- Watch bill (Naut.), a list of the officers and crew of a ship as divided into watches, with their stations. Totten. -- Watch case, the case, or outside covering, of a watch; also, a case for holding a watch, or in which it is kept. -- Watch chain. Same as watch guard, below. -- Watch clock, a watchman's clock; see under Watchman. -- Watch fire, a fire lighted at night, as a signal, or for the use of a watch or guard. -- Watch glass. (a) A concavo-convex glass for covering the face, or dial, of a watch; -- also called watch crystal. (b) (Naut.) A half-hour glass used to measure the time of a watch on deck.<-- (c) (Chem.) A round concavo-convex glass of shallow depth used for certain manipulations of chemicals in a laboratory. --> -- Watch guard, a chain or cord by which a watch is attached to the person. -- Watch gun (Naut.), a gun sometimes fired on shipboard at 8 p. m., when the night watch begins. -- Watch light, a low-burning lamp used by watchers at night; formerly, a candle having a rush wick. -- Watch night, The last night of the year; -- so called by the Methodists, Moravians, and others, who observe it by holding religious meetings lasting until after midnight. -- Watch paper, an old-fashioned ornament for the inside of a watch case, made of paper cut in some fanciful design, as a vase with flowers, etc. -- Watch tackle (Naut.), a small, handy purchase, consisting of a tailed double block, and a single block with a hook. Watch Watch (?), v. i. [Cf. AS. w&oe;ccan, wacian. &root;134. See Watch, n., Wake, v. i. ] 1. To be awake; to be or continue without sleep; to wake; to keep vigil. I have two nights watched with you. Shak. Couldest thou not watch one hour ? Mark xiv. 37. 2. To be attentive or vigilant; to give heed; to be on the lookout; to keep guard; to act as sentinel. Take ye heed, watch and pray. Mark xiii. 33. The Son gave signal high To the bright minister that watched. Milton. 3. To be expectant; to look with expectation; to wait; to seek opportunity. My soul waiteth for the Lord more than they that watch for the morning. Ps. cxxx. 6. 4. To remain awake with any one as nurse or attendant; to attend on the sick during the night; as, to watch with a man in a fever. 5. (Naut.) To serve the purpose of a watchman by floating properly in its place; -- said of a buoy. To watch over, to be cautiously observant of; to inspect, superintend, and guard. Watch Watch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Watched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Watching.] 1. To give heed to; to observe the actions or motions of, for any purpose; to keep in view; not to lose from sight and observation; as, to watch the progress of a bill in the legislature. Saul also sent messengers unto David's house to watch him, and to slay him. 1 Sam. xix. 11 I must cool a little, and watch my opportunity. Landor. In lazy mood I watched the little circles die. Longfellow. 2. To tend; to guard; to have in keeping. And flaming ministers, to watch and tend Their earthy charge. Milton. Paris watched the flocks in the groves of Ida. Broome. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1631 Watchdog Watch"dog` (?), n. A dog kept to watch and guard premises or property, and to give notice of the approach of intruders. Watcher Watch"er (?), n. One who watches; one who sits up or continues; a diligent observer; specifically, one who attends upon the sick during the night. Watches Watch"es (?), n. pl. (Bot.) The leaves of Sarace. See Trumpets. Watch Watch (?), a. [Probably from F. vaciet bilberry, whortleberry; cf. L. vaccinium blueberry, whortleberry.] Pale or light blue. [Obs.] "Watchet mantles." Spenser. Who stares in Germany at watchet eyes? Dryden. Watchful Watch"ful (?), a. Full of watch; vigilant; attentive; careful to observe closely; observant; cautious; -- with of before the thing to be regulated or guarded; as, to be watchful of one's behavior; and with against before the thing to be avoided; as, to be watchful against the growth of vicious habits. "Many a watchful night." Shak. "Happy watchful shepherds." Milton. 'Twixt prayer and watchful love his heart dividing. Keble. Syn. -- Vigilant; attentive; cautious; observant; circumspect; wakeful; heedful. -- Watch"ful*ly, adv. -- Watch"ful*ness, n. Watchhouse Watch"house` (?), n.; pl. Watchhouses (. 1. A house in which a watch or guard is placed. 2. A place where persons under temporary arrest by the police of a city are kept; a police station; a lockup. Watchmaker Watch"mak`er (?), n. One whose occupation is to make and repair watches. Watchman Watch"man (?), n.; pl. Watchmen (. 1. One set to watch; a person who keeps guard; a guard; a sentinel. 2. Specifically, one who guards a building, or the streets of a city, by night. Watchman beetle (Zo\'94l.), the European dor. -- Watchman's clock, a watchman's detector in which the apparatus for recording the times of visiting several stations is contained within a single clock. -- Watchman's detector, OR Watchman's time detector, an apparatus for recording the time when a watchman visits a station on his rounds. -- Watchman's rattle, an instrument having at the end of a handle a revolving arm, which, by the action of a strong spring upon cogs, produces, when in motion, a loud, harsh, rattling sound. Watchtower Watch"tow`er (?), n. A tower in which a sentinel is placed to watch for enemies, the approach of danger, or the like. Watchword Watch"word` (?), n. 1. A word given to sentinels, and to such as have occasion to visit the guards, used as a signal by which a friend is known from an enemy, or a person who has a right to pass the watch from one who has not; a countersign; a password. 2. A sentiment or motto; esp., one used as a rallying cry or a signal for action. Nor deal in watchwords overmuch. Tennyson. Water Wa"ter (?), n. [AS. w\'91ter; akin to OS. watar, OFries. wetir, weter, LG. & D. water, G. wasser, OHG. wazzar, Icel. vatn, Sw. vatten, Dan. vand, Goth. wat, O. Slav. & Russ. voda, Gr. udan water, ud to wet, and perhaps to L. unda wave. Dropsy, Hydra, Otter, Wet, Whisky.] 1. The fluid which descends from the clouds in rain, and which forms rivers, lakes, seas, etc. "We will drink water." Shak."Powers of fire, air, water, and earth." Milton. NOTE: &hand; Pu re wa ter consists of hydrogen and oxygen, H2O, and is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, transparent liquid, which is very slightly compressible. At its maximum density, 39° Fahr. or 4° C., it is the standard for specific gravities, one cubic centimeter weighing one gram. It freezes at 32° Fahr. or 0° C. and boils at 212° Fahr. or 100° C. (see Ice, Steam). It is the most important natural solvent, and is frequently impregnated with foreign matter which is mostly removed by distillation; hence, rain water is nearly pure. It is an important ingredient in the tissue of animals and plants, the human body containing about two thirds its weight of water. 2. A body of water, standing or flowing; a lake, river, or other collection of water. Remembering he had passed over a small water a poor scholar when first coming to the university, he kneeled. Fuller. 3. Any liquid secretion, humor, or the like, resembling water; esp., the urine. 4. (Pharm.) A solution in water of a gaseous or readily volatile substance; as, ammonia water. U. S. Pharm. 5. The limpidity and luster of a precious stone, especially a diamond; as, a diamond of the first water, that is, perfectly pure and transparent. Hence, of the first water, that is, of the first excellence. 6. A wavy, lustrous pattern or decoration such as is imparted to linen, silk, metals, etc. See Water, v. t., 3, Damask, v. t., and Damaskeen. 7. An addition to the shares representing the capital of a stock company so that the aggregate par value of the shares is increased while their value for investment is diminished, or "diluted." [Brokers' Cant] NOTE: &hand; Wa ter is often used adjectively and in the formation of many self-explaining compounds; as, water drainage; water gauge, or water-gauge; waterfowl, water-fowl, or water fowl; water-beaten; water-borne, water-circled, water-girdled, water-rocked, etc. Hard water. See under Hard. -- Inch of water, a unit of measure of quantity of water, being the quantity which will flow through an orifice one inch square, or a circular orifice one inch in diameter, in a vertical surface, under a stated constant head; also called miner's inch, and water inch. The shape of the orifice and the head vary in different localities. In the Western United States, for hydraulic mining, the standard aperture is square and the head from 4 to 9 inches above its center. In Europe, for experimental hydraulics, the orifice is usually round and the head from of an inch to 1 inch above its top. -- Mineral water, waters which are so impregnated with foreign ingredients, such as gaseous, sulphureous, and saline substances, as to give them medicinal properties, or a particular flavor or temperature. -- Soft water, water not impregnated with lime or mineral salts. -- To hold water. See under Hold, v. t. -- To keep one's head above water, to keep afloat; fig., to avoid failure or sinking in the struggles of life. [Colloq.] -- To make water. (a) To pass urine. Swift. (b) (Naut.) To admit water; to leak. -- Water of crystallization (Chem.), the water combined with many salts in their crystalline form. This water is loosely, but, nevertheless, chemically, combined, for it is held in fixed and definite amount for each substance containing it. Thus, while pure copper sulphate, CuSO4, is a white amorphous substance, blue vitriol, the crystallized form, CuSO4.5H2O, contains five molecules of water of crystallization. -- Water on the brain (Med.), hydrocephalus. -- Water on the chest (Med.), hydrothorax. NOTE: &hand; Ot her ph rases, in wh ich wa ter occurs as the first element, will be found in alphabetical order in the Vocabulary. Water Wa"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Watered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Watering.] [AS. w\'91terian, gew\'91terian.] 1. To wet or supply with water; to moisten; to overflow with water; to irrigate; as, to water land; to water flowers. With tears watering the ground. Milton. Men whose lives gilded on like rivers that water the woodlands. Longfellow. 2. To supply with water for drink; to cause or allow to drink; as, to water cattle and horses. 3. To wet and calender, as cloth, so as to impart to it a lustrous appearance in wavy lines; to diversify with wavelike lines; as, to water silk. Cf. Water, n., 6. 4. To add water to (anything), thereby extending the quantity or bulk while reducing the strength or quality; to extend; to dilute; to weaken. To water stock, to increase the capital stock of a company by issuing new stock, thus diminishing the value of the individual shares. Cf. Water, n., 7. [Brokers' Cant] Water Wa"ter, v. i. 1. To shed, secrete, or fill with, water or liquid matter; as, his eyes began to water. If thine eyes can water for his death. Shak. 2. To get or take in water; as, the ship put into port to water. The mouth waters, a phrase denoting that a person or animal has a longing desire for something, since the sight of food often causes one who is hungry to have an increased flow of saliva. Water adder Wa"ter ad"der (?). (Zo\'94l.) (a) The water moccasin. (b) The common, harmless American water snake (Tropidonotus sipedon). See Illust. under Water Snake. Waterage Wa"ter*age (?; 48), n. Money paid for transportation of goods, etc., by water. [Eng.] Water agrimony Wa"ter ag"ri*mo*ny (?). (Bot.) A kind of bur marigold (Bidens tripartita) found in wet places in Europe. Water aloe Wa"ter al"oe (?). (Bot.) See Water soldier. Water antelope Wa"ter an"te*lope (?). See Water buck. Water arum Wa"ter a"rum (?). (Bot.) An aroid herb (Calla palustris) having a white spathe. It is an inhabitant of the north temperate zone. Water back Wa"ter back` (?). See under 1st Back. Water bailiff Wa"ter bail"iff (?). An officer of the customs, whose duty it is to search vessels. [Eng.] Water ballast Wa"ter bal"last (?). (Naut.) Water confined in specially constructed compartments in a vessel's hold, to serve as ballast. Water barometer Wa"ter ba*rom"e*ter (?). (Physics) A barometer in which the changes of atmospheric pressure are indicated by the motion of a column of water instead of mercury. It requires a column of water about thirty-three feet in height. Water bath Wa"ter bath` (?). A device for regulating the temperature of anything subjected to heat, by surrounding the vessel containing it with another vessel containing water which can be kept at a desired temperature; also, a vessel designed for this purpose. Water battery Wa"ter bat"ter*y (?). 1. (Elec.) A voltaic battery in which the exciting fluid is water. 2. (Mil.) A battery nearly on a level with the water. Water bear Wa"ter bear` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Tardigrada, 2. See Illust. of Tardigrada. Water-bearer Wa"ter-bear`er (?), n. (Astron.) The constellation Aquarius. Water bed Wa"ter bed` (?). A kind of mattress made of, or covered with, waterproof fabric and filled with water. It is used in hospitals for bedridden patients. <-- also used in some private homes. --> Water beech Wa"ter beech` (?). (Bot.) The American hornbeam. See Hornbeam. Water beetle Wa"ter bee"tle (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of aquatic beetles belonging to Dytiscus and allied genera of the family Dytiscid\'91, and to various genera of the family Hydrophilid\'91. These beetles swim with great agility, the fringed hind legs acting together like oars. Water bellows Wa"ter bel"lows (?). Same as Tromp. Water bird Wa"ter bird` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any aquatic bird; a water fowl. Water blackbird Wa"ter black"*bird (?). (Zo\'94l.) The European water ousel, or dipper. Waterboard Wa"ter*board` (?), n. A board set up to windward in a boat, to keep out water. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Water boatman Wa"ter boat`man (?). (Zo\'94l.) A boat bug. Waterbok Wa"ter*bok` (?), n. [D.] (Zo\'94l.) A water buck. Water-bound Wa"ter-bound` (?), a. Prevented by a flood from proceeding. Water brain Wa"ter brain` (?). A disease of sheep; gid. Water brash Wa"ter brash` (?). (Med.) See under Brash. Water breather Wa"ter breath"er (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any arthropod that breathes by means of gills. Water bridge Wa"ter bridge` (?). (Steam Boilers) See Water table. Water buck Wa"ter buck` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A large, heavy antelope (Kobus ellipsiprymnus) native of Central Africa. It frequents the banks of rivers and is a good swimmer. It has a white ring around the rump. Called also photomok, water antelope, and waterbok. NOTE: &hand; Th e name is also applied to other related species, as the leche (Kobus leche), which has similar habits. Water buffalo Wa"ter buf"fa*lo (?). (Zo\'94l.) The European buffalo. Water bug Wa"ter bug` (?). (Zo\'94l.) (a) The Croton bug. (b) Any one of numerous species of large, rapacious, aquatic, hemipterous insects belonging to Belostoma, Benacus, Zaitha, and other genera of the family Belostomatid\'91. Their hind legs are long and fringed, and act like oars. Some of these insects are of great size, being among the largest existing Hemiptera. Many of them come out of the water and fly about at night. Water butt Wa"ter butt` (?). A large, open-headed cask, set up on end, to contain water. Dickens. Water caltrop Wa"ter cal"trop (?). (Bot.) The water chestnut. Water can Wa"ter can` (?). (Bot.) Any one of several species of Nuphar; the yellow frog lily; -- so called from the shape of the seed vessel. See Nuphar, and cf. Candock. Dr. Prior. Water canker Wa"ter can"ker (?). (Med.) See Canker, n., 1. Water carriage Wa"ter car"riage (?). 1. Transportation or conveyance by water; means of transporting by water. 2. A vessel or boat. [Obs.] Arbuthnot. Water cart Wa"ter cart` (?). A cart carrying water; esp., one carrying water for sale, or for sprinkling streets, gardens, etc. Water cavy Wa"ter ca"vy (?). (Zo\'94l.) The capybara. Water celery Wa"ter cel"er*y (?). (Bot.) A very acrid herb (Ranunculus sceleratus) growing in ditches and wet places; -- called also cursed crowfoot. Water cell Wa"ter cell` (?). A cell containing water; specifically (Zo\'94l.), one of the cells or chambers in which water is stored up in the stomach of a camel. Water cement Wa"ter ce*ment" (?). Hydraulic cement. Water chestnut Wa"ter chest"nut (?). (Bot.) The fruit of Trapa natans and Trapa bicornis, Old World water plants bearing edible nutlike fruits armed with several hard and sharp points; also, the plant itself; -- called also water caltrop. Water chevrotain Wa"ter chev`ro*tain" (?). (Zo\'94l.) A large West African chevrotain (Hy\'91moschus aquaticus). It has a larger body and shorter legs than the other allied species. Called also water deerlet. Water chicken Wa"ter chick"en (?). (Zo\'94l.) The common American gallinule. Water chickweed Wa"ter chick"weed` (?). (Bot.) A small annual plant (Montia fontana) growing in wet places in southern regions. Water chinquapin Wa"ter chin"qua*pin (?). (Bot.) The American lotus, and its edible seeds, which somewhat resemble chinquapins. Cf. Yoncopin. Water clock Wa"ter clock` (?). An instrument or machine serving to measure time by the fall, or flow, of a certain quantity of water; a clepsydra. Water-closet Wa"ter-clos`et (?), n. A privy; especially, a privy furnished with a contrivance for introducing a stream of water to cleanse it. Water cock Wa"ter cock` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A large gallinule (Gallicrex cristatus) native of Australia, India, and the East Indies. In the breeding season the male is black and has a fleshy red caruncle, or horn, on the top of its head. Called also kora. Water color Wa"ter col`or (?). (Paint.) 1. A color ground with water and gum or other glutinous medium; a color the vehicle of which is water; -- so called in distinction from oil color. NOTE: &hand; It pr eserves it s co nsistency when dried in a solid cake, which is used by rubbing off a portion on a moistened palette. Moist water colors are water colors kept in a semifluid or pasty state in little metal tubes or pans. 2. A picture painted with such colors. Water-colorist Wa"ter-col`or*ist, n. One who paints in water colors. Water course Wa"ter course` (?). 1. A stream of water; a river or brook. Isa. xliv. 4. 2. A natural channel for water; also, a canal for the conveyance of water, especially in draining lands. 3. (Law) A running stream of water having a bed and banks; the easement one may have in the flowing of such a stream in its accustomed course. A water course may be sometimes dry. Angell. Burrill. Water craft Wa"ter craft` (?). Any vessel or boat plying on water; vessels and boats, collectively. Water crake Wa"ter crake` (?). (Zo\'94l.) (a) The dipper. (b) The spotted crake (Porzana maruetta). See Illust. of Crake. (c) The swamp hen, or crake, of Australia. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1632 Water crane Wa"ter crane` (?). A goose-neck apparatus for supplying water from an elevated tank, as to the tender of a locomotive. Water cress Wa"ter cress` (?). (Bot.) A perennial cruciferous herb (Nasturtium officinale) growing usually in clear running or spring water. The leaves are pungent, and used for salad and as an antiscorbutic. Water crow Wa"ter crow` (?). [So called in allusion to its dark plumage.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The dipper. (b) The European coot. Water crowfoot Wa"ter crow"foot` (?). (Bot.) An aquatic kind of buttercup (Ranunculus aquatilis), used as food for cattle in parts of England. Great water crowfoot, an American water plant (Ranunculus multifidus), having deep yellow flowers. Water cure Wa"ter cure` (?). 1. (Med.) Hydropathy. 2. A hydropathic institution. Water deck Wa"ter deck` (?). A covering of painting canvas for the equipments of a dragoon's horse. Wilhelm. Water deer Wa"ter deer` (?). (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small Chinese deer (Hydropotes inermis). Both sexes are destitute of antlers, but the male has large, descending canine tusks. (b) The water chevrotain. Water deerlet Wa"ter deer"let (?). See Water chevrotain. Water devil Wa"ter dev"il (?). (Zo\'94l.) The rapacious larva of a large water beetle (Hydrophilus piceus), and of other similar species. See Illust. of Water beetle. Water dock Wa"ter dock` (?). (Bot.) A tall, coarse dock growing in wet places. The American water dock is Rumex orbiculatus, the European is R. Hydrolapathum. Water doctor Wa"ter doc"tor (?). (Med.) (a) One who professes to be able to divine diseases by inspection of the urine. (b) A physician who treats diseases with water; an hydropathist. Water dog Wa"ter dog` (?). 1. (Zo\'94l.) A dog accustomed to the water, or trained to retrieve waterfowl. Retrievers, waters spaniels, and Newfoundland dogs are so trained. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The menobranchus. 3. A small floating cloud, supposed to indicate rain. 4. A sailor, esp. an old sailor; an old salt. [Colloq.] Water drain Wa"ter drain` (?). A drain or channel for draining off water. Water drainage Wa"ter drain"age (?; 48). The draining off of water. Water dressing Wa"ter dress"ing (?). (Med.) The treatment of wounds or ulcers by the application of water; also, a dressing saturated with water only, for application to a wound or an ulcer. Water dropwort Wa"ter drop"wort` (?). (Bot.) A European poisonous umbelliferous plant (Enanthe fistulosa) with large hollow stems and finely divided leaves. Water eagle Wa"ter ea"gle (?). (Zo\'94l.) The osprey. Water elder Wa"ter el"der (?). (Bot.) The guelder-rose. Water elephant Wa"ter el"e*phant (?). (Zo\'94l.) The hippopotamus. [R.] Water engine Wa"ter en"gine (?). An engine to raise water; or an engine moved by water; also, an engine or machine for extinguishing fires; a fire engine. Waterer Wa"ter*er (?), n. One who, or that which, waters. Waterfall Wa"ter*fall` (?), n. 1. A fall, or perpendicular descent, of the water of a river or stream, or a descent nearly perpendicular; a cascade; a cataract. 2. (Hairdressing) An arrangement of a woman's back hair over a cushion or frame in some resemblance to a waterfall.<-- = a fall? --> 3. A certain kind of neck scarf. T. Hughes. Water feather. Water feather-foil Wa"ter feath"er (?). Wa"ter feath"er-foil` (?). (Bot.) The water violet (Hottonia palustris); also, the less showy American plant H. inflata. Water flag Wa"ter flag` (?). (Bot.) A European species of Iris (Iris Pseudacorus) having bright yellow flowers. Water flannel Wa"ter flan"nel (?). (Bot.) A floating mass formed in pools by the entangled filaments of a European fresh-water alga (Cladophora crispata). Water flea Wa"ter flea` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small aquatic Entomostraca belonging to the genera Cyclops, Daphnia, etc; -- so called because they swim with sudden leaps, or starts. Waterflood Wa"ter*flood` (?), n. [AS. w\'91terfl&omac;d.] A flood of water; an inundation. Water flounder Wa"ter floun"der (?). (Zo\'94l.) The windowpane (Pleuronectes maculatus). [Local, U. S.] Waterfowl Wa"ter*fowl` (?), n. Any bird that frequents the water, or lives about rivers, lakes, etc., or on or near the sea; an aquatic fowl; -- used also collectively. NOTE: &hand; Of aq uatic fowls, some are waders, or furnished with long legs; others are swimmers, or furnished with webbed feet. Water fox Wa"ter fox` (?). (Zo\'94l.) The carp; -- so called on account of its cunning. Walton. Water frame Wa"ter frame` (?). A name given to the first power spinning machine, because driven by water power. Water furrow Wa"ter fur"row (?). (Agric.) A deep furrow for conducting water from the ground, and keeping the surface soil dry. Water-furrow Wa"ter-fur"row, v. t. To make water furrows in. Water gage Wa"ter gage` (?). See Water gauge. Water gall Wa"ter gall` (?). 1. A cavity made in the earth by a torrent of water; a washout. 2. A watery appearance in the sky, accompanying the rainbow; a secondary or broken rainbow. These water galls, in her dim element, Foretell new storms to those already spent. Shak. False good news are [is] always produced by true good, like the water gall by the rainbow. Walpole. Water gang Wa"ter gang` (?). (O. E. Law) A passage for water, such as was usually made in a sea wall, to drain water out of marshes. Burrill. Water gas Wa"ter gas` (?). (Chem.) See under Gas. Water gate Wa"ter gate` (?). A gate, or valve, by which a flow of water is permitted, prevented, or regulated. Water gauge Wa"ter gauge` (?). [Written also water gage.] 1. A wall or bank to hold water back. Craig. 2. An instrument for measuring or ascertaining the depth or quantity of water, or for indicating the height of its surface, as in the boiler of a steam engine. See Gauge. Water gavel Wa"ter gav"el (?). (O. Eng. Law) A gavel or rent paid for a privilege, as of fishing, in some river or water. Water germander Wa"ter ger*man"der (?). (Bot.) A labiate plant (Teucrium Scordium) found in marshy places in Europe. Water gilding Wa"ter gild"ing (?). The act, or the process, of gilding metallic surfaces by covering them with a thin coating of amalgam of gold, and then volatilizing the mercury by heat; -- called also wash gilding. Water glass Wa"ter glass` (?). (Chem.) See Soluble glass, under Glass. Water god Wa"ter god` (?). (Myth.) A fabulous deity supposed to dwell in, and preside over, some body of water. Water gruel Wa"ter gru"el (?). A liquid food composed of water and a small portion of meal, or other farinaceous substance, boiled and seasoned. Water hammer Wa"ter ham"mer (?). (Physics) 1. A vessel partly filled with water, exhausted of air, and hermetically sealed. When reversed or shaken, the water being unimpeded by air, strikes the sides in solid mass with a sound like that of a hammer. 2. A concussion, or blow, made by water in striking, as against the sides of a pipe or vessel containing it. Water hare Wa"ter hare (?). (Zo\'94l.) A small American hare or rabbit (Lepus aquaticus) found on or near the southern coasts of the United States; -- called also water rabbit, and swamp hare. Water hemlock Wa"ter hem"lock (?). (Bot) (a) A poisonous umbelliferous plant (Cicuta virosa) of Europe; also, any one of several plants of that genus. (b) A poisonous plant (nanthe crocata) resembling the above. Water hemp Wa"ter hemp` (?). (Bot.) See under Hemp. Water hen Wa"ter hen` (?). 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any gallinule. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The common American coot. Water hog Wa"ter hog` (?). (Zo\'94l.) The capybara. Water horehound Wa"ter hore"hound` (?). (Bot.) Bugleweed. Waterhorse Wa"ter*horse` (?), n. A pile of salted fish heaped up to drain. Water hyacinth Wa"ter hy"a*cinth (?). (Bot.) Either of several tropical aquatic plants of the genus Eichhornia, related to the pickerel weed. Water ice Wa"ter ice` (?). Water flavored, sweetened, and frozen, to be eaten as a confection. Waterie Wa"ter*ie (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The pied wagtail; -- so called because it frequents ponds. Water inch Wa"ter inch` (?). Same as Inch of water, under Water. Wateriness Wa"ter*i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being watery; moisture; humidity. Watering Wa"ter*ing, a. & n. from Water, v. Watering call (Mil.), a sound of trumpet or bugle summoning cavalry soldiers to assemble for the purpose of watering their horses. -- Watering cart, a sprinkling cart. See Water. -- Watering place. (a) A place where water may be obtained, as for a ship, for cattle, etc. (b) A place where there are springs of medicinal water, or a place by the sea, or by some large body of water, to which people resort for bathing, recreation, boating, etc. -- Watering pot. (a) A kind of bucket fitted with a rose, or perforated nozzle, -- used for watering flowers, paths, etc. (b) (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of marine bivalve shells of the genus Aspergillum, or Brechites. The valves are small, and consolidated with the capacious calcareous tube which incases the entire animal. The tube is closed at the anterior end by a convex disk perforated by numerous pores, or tubules, and resembling the rose of a watering pot. -- Watering trough, a trough from which cattle, horses, and other animals drink. Waterish Wa"ter*ish, a. [AS. w\'91terisc.] 1. Resembling water; thin; watery. Feed upon such nice and waterish diet. Shak. 2. Somewhat watery; moist; as, waterish land. Waterishness Wa"ter*ish*ness, n. The quality of being waterish. <-- water jacket water jacket. A chamber surrounding a vessel or tube in which water may be circulated, thereby regulating the temperature or supply of heat to the vessel. Used in laboratory and manufacturing equipment. water-jacketed. Having a water jacket; -- as, a water-jacketed condenser. --> Water joint Wa"ter joint` (?). (Arch.) A joint in a stone pavement where the stones are left slightly higher than elsewhere, the rest of the surface being sunken or dished. The raised surface is intended to prevent the settling of water in the joints. Water junket Wa"ter jun"ket (?). (Zo\'94l.) The common sandpiper. Water-laid Wa"ter-laid` (?), a. Having a left-hand twist; -- said of cordage; as, a water-laid, or left-hand, rope. Waterlander, Waterlandian Wa`ter*land"er (?), Wa`ter*land"i*an (?) n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a body of Dutch Anabaptists who separated from the Mennonites in the sixteenth century; -- so called from a district in North Holland denominated Waterland. Water laverock Wa"ter la"ver*ock (?). (Zo\'94l.) The common sandpiper. Waterleaf Wa"ter*leaf` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the American genus Hydrophyllum, herbs having white or pale blue bell-shaped flowers. Gray. Water leg Wa"ter leg` (?). (Steam Boilers) See Leg, 7. Water lemon Wa"ter lem"on (?). (Bot.) The edible fruit of two species of passion flower (Passiflora laurifolia, and P. maliformis); -- so called in the West Indies. Waterless Wa"ter*less, a. Destitute of water; dry. Chaucer. Water lettuce Wa"ter let"tuce (?). (Bot.) A plant (Pistia stratiotes) which floats on tropical waters, and forms a rosette of spongy, wedge-shaped leaves. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants). Water level Wa"ter lev"el (?). 1. The level formed by the surface of still water. 2. A kind of leveling instrument. See under Level, n. Water lily Wa"ter lil`y (?). (Bot.) A blossom or plant of any species of the genus Nymph\'91a, distinguished for its large floating leaves and beautiful flowers. See Nymph\'91a. NOTE: &hand; Th e na me is ex tended to va rious pl ants of other related genera, as Nuphar, Euryale, Nelumbo, and Victoria. See Euryale, Lotus, and Victoria, 1. Water lime Wa"ter lime` (?). Hydraulic lime. Water line Wa"ter line` (?). 1. (Shipbuilding) Any one of certain lines of a vessel, model, or plan, parallel with the surface of the water at various heights from the keel. NOTE: &hand; In a ha lf-breadth plan, the water lines are outward curves showing the horizontal form of the ship at their several heights; in a sheer plan, they are projected as straight horizontal lines. 2. (Naut.) Any one of several lines marked upon the outside of a vessel, corresponding with the surface of the water when she is afloat on an even keel. The lowest line indicates the vessel's proper submergence when not loaded, and is called the light water line; the highest, called the load water line, indicates her proper submergence when loaded. Water-line model (Shipbuilding), a model of a vessel formed of boards which are shaped according to the water lines as shown in the plans and laid upon each other to form a solid model. Water lizard Wa"ter liz"ard (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any aquatic lizard of the genus Varanus, as the monitor of the Nile. See Monitor, n., 3. Water locust Wa"ter lo"cust (?). (Bot.) A thorny leguminous tree (Gleditschia monosperma) which grows in the swamps of the Mississippi valley. Water-logged Wa"ter-logged (?), a. Filled or saturated with water so as to be heavy, unmanageable, or loglike; -- said of a vessel, when, by receiving a great quantity of water into her hold, she has become so heavy as not to be manageable by the helm. Waterman Wa"ter*man, n.; pl. Watermen (. 1. A man who plies for hire on rivers, lakes, or canals, or in harbors, in distinction from a seaman who is engaged on the high seas; a man who manages fresh-water craft; a boatman; a ferryman. 2. An attendant on cab stands, etc., who supplies water to the horses. [Eng.] Dickens. 3. A water demon. Tylor. Watermark Wa"ter*mark` (?), n. 1. A mark indicating the height to which water has risen, or at which it has stood; the usual limit of high or low water. 2. A letter, device, or the like, wrought into paper during the process of manufacture. NOTE: &hand; "T he wa termark in pa per is produced by bending the wires of the mold, or by wires bent into the shape of the required letter or device, and sewed to the surface of the mold; -- it has the effect of making the paper thinner in places. The old makers employed watermarks of an eccentric kind. Those of Caxton and other early printers were an oxhead and star, a collared dog's head, a crown, a shield, a jug, etc. A fool's cap and bells, employed as a watermark, gave the name to foolscap paper; a postman's horn, such as was formerly in use, gave the name to post paper." Tomlinson. 3. (Naut.) See Water line, 2. [R.] Water meadow Wa"ter mead"ow (?). (Agric.) A meadow, or piece of low, flat land, capable of being kept in a state of fertility by being overflowed with water from some adjoining river or stream. Water measure Wa"ter meas"ure (?). A measure formerly used for articles brought by water, as coals, oysters, etc. The water-measure bushel was three gallons larger than the Winchester bushel. Cowell. Water measurer Wa"ter meas"ur*er (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of water; the skater. See Skater, n., 2. Watermelon Wa"ter*mel`on (?), n. (Bot.) The very large ovoid or roundish fruit of a cucurbitaceous plant (Citrullus vulgaris) of many varieties; also, the plant itself. The fruit sometimes weighs many pounds; its pulp is usually pink in color, and full of a sweet watery juice. It is a native of tropical Africa, but is now cultivated in many countries. See Illust. of Melon. Water meter Wa"ter me"ter (?). A contrivance for measuring a supply of water delivered or received for any purpose, as from a street main. Water milfoil Wa"ter mil"foil (?). (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Myriophyllum, aquatic herbs with whorled leaves, the submersed ones pinnately parted into capillary divisions. Water mill Wa"ter mill` (?). A mill whose machinery is moved by water; -- distinguished from a windmill, and a steam mill. Water mint Wa"ter mint` (?). A kind of mint (Mentha aquatica) growing in wet places, and sometimes having a perfume resembling bergamot. Water mite Wa"ter mite` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any of numerous species of aquatic mites belonging to Hydrachna and allied genera of the family Hydrachnid\'91, usually having the legs fringed and adapted for swimming. They are often red or red and black in color, and while young are parasites of fresh-water insects and mussels. Called also water tick, and water spider. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1633 Water moccasin Wa"ter moc"ca*sin (?). (Zo\'94l.) A venomous North American snake (Ancistrodon piscivorus) allied to the rattlesnake but destitute of a rattle. It lives in or about pools and ponds, and feeds largely of fishes. Called also water snake, water adder, water viper.<-- called also cottonmouth, cottonmouth moccasin, and cottonmouth water moccasin. --> Water mole Wa"ter mole` (?). (Zo\'94l.) (a) The shrew mole. See under Shrew. (b) The duck mole. See under Duck. Water monitor Wa"ter mon"i*tor (?). (Zo\'94l.) A very large lizard (Varanaus salvator) native of India. It frequents the borders of streams and swims actively. It becomes five or six feet long. Called also two-banded monitor, and kabaragoya. The name is also applied to other aquatic monitors. Water motor Wa"ter mo"tor (?). 1. A water engine. 2. A water wheel; especially, a small water wheel driven by water from a street main. Water mouse Wa"ter mouse` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of mice belonging to the genus Hydromys, native of Australia and Tasmania. Their hind legs are strong and their toes partially webbed. They live on the borders of streams, and swim well. They are remarkable as being the only rodents found in Australia. Water murrain Wa"ter mur"rain (?). A kind of murrain affecting cattle. Crabb. Water newt Wa"ter newt` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of aquatic salamanders; a triton. Water nymph Wa"ter nymph` (?). 1. (Myth.) A goddess of any stream or other body of water, whether one of the Naiads, Nereids, or Oceanides. 2. (Bot.) A water lily (Nymph\'91a). Water oat Wa"ter oat` (?). Indian rice. See under Rice. Water opossum Wa"ter o*pos"sum (?). (Zo\'94l.) See Yapock, and the Note under Opossum. Water ordeal Wa"ter or"de*al (?). Same as Ordeal by water. See the Note under Ordeal, n., 1. Water ousel, Water ouzel Wa"ter ou"sel (?), Wa"ter ou"zel. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small insessorial birds of the genus Cinclus (or Hydrobates), especially the European water ousel (C. aquaticus), and the American water ousel (C. Mexicanus). These birds live about the water, and are in the habit of walking on the bottom of streams beneath the water in search of food. Water parsnip Wa"ter pars"nip (?). (Bot.) Any plant of the aquatic umbelliferous genus Sium, poisonous herbs with pinnate or dissected leaves and small white flowers. Water partridge Wa"ter par"tridge (?). (Zo\'94l.) The ruddy duck. [Local, U. S.] Water pennywort Wa"ter pen"ny*wort` (?). (Bot.) Marsh pennywort. See under Marsh. Water pepper Wa"ter pep"per (?). (Bot.) (a) Smartweed. (b) Waterwort. Water pheasant Wa"ter pheas"ant (?). (Zo\'94l.) (a) The pintail. See Pintail, n., 1. (b) The goosander. (c) The hooded merganser. Water piet Wa"ter pi"et (?). (Zo\'94l.) The water ousel. Water pig Wa"ter pig` (?). 1. (Zo\'94l.) The capybara. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The gourami. Water pillar Wa"ter pil"lar (?). A waterspout. [Obs.] Water pimpernel Wa"ter pim"per*nel (?). (Bot.) A small white-flowered shrub; brookweed. Water pipe Wa"ter pipe (?). A pipe for conveying water. Water pitcher Wa"ter pitch"er (?). 1. A pitcher for water. 2. (Bot.) One of a family of plants having pitcher-shaped leaves. The sidesaddle flower (Sarracenia purpurea) is the type. Water plant Wa"ter plant` (?). A plant that grows in water; an aquatic plant. Water plantain Wa"ter plan"tain (?). (Bot.) A kind of plant with acrid leaves. See under 2d Plantain. Water plate Wa"ter plate` (?). A plate heated by hot water contained in a double bottom or jacket. Knight. Water poa Wa"ter po"a (?). (Bot.) Meadow reed grass. See under Reed. Water poise Wa"ter poise` (?). A hydrometer. Water pore Wa"ter pore` (?) 1. (Zo\'94l.) A pore by which the water tubes of various invertebrates open externally. 2. (Bot.) One of certain minute pores in the leaves of some plants. They are without true guardian cells, but in other respects closely resemble ordinary stomata. Goodale. Waterpot Wa"ter*pot` (?), n. A vessel for holding or conveying water, or for sprinkling water on cloth, plants, etc. Water power Wa"ter pow"er (?). 1. The power of water employed to move machinery, etc. 2. A fall of water which may be used to drive machinery; a site for a water mill; a water privilege. Water pox Wa"ter pox` (?). (Med.) A variety of chicken pox, or varicella. Dunglison. Water privilege Wa"ter priv"i*lege (?). The advantage of using water as a mechanical power; also, the place where water is, or may be, so used. See under Privilege. Waterproof Wa"ter*proof` (?), a. Proof against penetration or permeation by water; impervious to water; as, a waterproof garment; a waterproof roof. Waterproof Wa"ter*proof`, n. 1. A substance or preparation for rendering cloth, leather, etc., impervious to water. 2. Cloth made waterproof, or any article made of such cloth, or of other waterproof material, as rubber; esp., an outer garment made of such material. Waterproof Wa"ter*proof` (?), v. t. To render impervious to water, as cloth, leather, etc. Waterproofing Wa"ter*proof`ing, n. 1. The act or process of making waterproof. 2. Same as Waterproof, n., 1. Water purslane Wa"ter purs"lane (?). (Bot.) See under Purslane. Water qualm Wa"ter qualm` (?). (Med.) See Water brash, under Brash. Water rabbit Wa"ter rab"bit (?). (Zo\'94l.) See Water hare. Water radish Wa"ter rad"ish (?). (Bot.) A coarse yellow-flowered plant (Nasturtium amphibium) related to the water cress and to the horse-radish. Water rail Wa"ter rail` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of rails of the genus Rallus, as the common European species (Rallus aquaticus). See Illust. of Rail. Water ram Wa"ter ram` (?). An hydraulic ram. Water rat Wa"ter rat` (?). 1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The water vole. See under Vole. (b) The muskrat. (c) The beaver rat. See under Beaver. 2. A thief on the water; a pirate. Water rate Wa"ter rate` (?). A rate or tax for a supply of water. Water rattle. Water rattler Wa"ter rat"tle (?). Wa"ter rat"tler (?). (Zo\'94l.) The diamond rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus); -- so called from its preference for damp places near water. Water-ret Wa"ter-ret` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Water-retted; p. pr. & vb. n. Water-retting.] To ret, or rot, in water, as flax; to water-rot. Water rice Wa"ter rice" (?). Indian rice. See under Rice. Water rocket Wa"ter rock"et (?). 1. (Bot.) A cruciferous plant (Nasturtium sylvestre) with small yellow flowers. 2. A kind of firework to be discharged in the water. Water-rot Wa"ter-rot` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Water-rotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Water-rotting.] To rot by steeping in water; to water-ret; as, to water-rot hemp or flax. Water sail Wa"ter sail` (?). (Naut.) A small sail sometimes set under a studding sail or under a driver boom, and reaching nearly to the water. Water sapphire Wa"ter sap"phire (?). [Equiv. to F. saphir d'eau.] (Min.) A deep blue variety of iolite, sometimes used as a gem; -- called also saphir d'eau. Waterscape Wa"ter*scape" (?), n. [Cf. Landscape.] A sea view; -- distinguished from landscape. [Jocose] <-- painting. --> Fairholt. Water scorpion Wa"ter scor"pi*on (?). (Zo\'94l.) See Nepa. Water screw Wa"ter screw` (?). A screw propeller. Watershed Wa"ter*shed` (?), n. [Cf. G. wasserscheide; wasser water + scheide a place where two things separate, fr. scheiden to separate.] 1. The whole region or extent of country which contributes to the supply of a river or lake. 2. The line of division between two adjacent rivers or lakes with respect to the flow of water by natural channels into them; the natural boundary of a basin. Water shield Wa"ter shield` (?). (Bot.) An aquatic American plant (Brasenia peltata) having floating oval leaves, and the covered with a clear jelly. Watershoot Wa"ter*shoot` (?), n. 1. A sprig or shoot from the root or stock of a tree. [Obs.] 2. (Arch.) That which serves to guard from falling water; a drip or dripstone. 3. A trough for discharging water. Water shrew Wa"ter shrew` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of shrews having fringed feet and capable of swimming actively. The two common European species (Crossopus fodiens, and C. ciliatus) are the best known. The most common American water shrew, or marsh shrew (Neosorex palustris), is rarely seen, owing to its nocturnal habits. Water snail Wa"ter snail` (?). 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any aquatic pulmonate gastropod belonging to Planorbis, Limn\'91a, and allied genera; a pond snail. 2. (Mech.) The Archimedean screw. [R.] Water snake Wa"ter snake` (?). (Zo\'94l.) (a) A common North American colubrine snake (Tropidonotus sipedon) which lives chiefly in the water. (b) Any species of snakes of the family Homalopsid\'91, all of which are aquatic in their habits. Water-soak Wa"ter-soak` (?), v. t. To soak water; to fill the interstices of with water. Water soldier Wa"ter sol`dier (?). (Bot.) An aquatic European plant (Stratiotes aloides) with bayonet-shaped leaves. Water souchy Wa"ter souch`y (?). (Cookery) A dish consisting of small fish stewed and served in a little water. [Written also water souchet.] See Zoutch. Water spaniel Wa"ter span"iel (?). A curly-haired breed of spaniels, naturally very fond of the water. Water sparrow Wa"ter spar"row (?). (Zo\'94l.) (a) The reed warbler. [Prov. Eng.] (b) The reed bunting. [Prov. Eng.] Water speedwell Wa"ter speed"well (?). (Bot.) A kind of speedwell (Veronica Anagallis) found in wet places in Europe and America. Water spider Wa"ter spi"der (?). (Zo\'94l.) (a) An aquatic European spider (Argyoneta aquatica) which constructs its web beneath the surface of the water on water plants. It lives in a bell-shaped structure of silk, open beneath like a diving bell, and filled with air which the spider carries down in the form of small bubbles attached one at a time to the spinnerets and hind feet. Called also diving spider. (b) A water mite. (c) Any spider that habitually lives on or about the water, especially the large American species (Dolomedes lanceolatus) which runs rapidly on the surface of water; -- called also raft spider. Water spinner Wa"ter spin`ner (?). (Zo\'94l.) The water spider. Waterspout Wa"ter*spout` (?), n. A remarkable meteorological phenomenon, of the nature of a tornado or whirlwind, usually observed over the sea, but sometimes over the land. NOTE: &hand; Ta ll co lumns, apparently of cloud, and reaching from the sea to the clouds, are seen moving along, often several at once, sometimes straight and vertical, at other times inclined and tortuous, but always in rapid rotation. At their bases, the sea is violently agitated and heaped up with a leaping or boiling motion, water, at least in some cases, being actually carried up in considerable quantity, and scattered round from a great height, as solid bodies are by tornadoes on land. Sir J. Herschel. Water sprite Wa"ter sprite` (?). A sprite, or spirit, imagined as inhabiting the water. J. R. Drake. Water-standing Wa"ter-stand`ing (?), a. Tear-filled. [R.] "Many an orphan's water-standing eye." Shak. Water star grass Wa"ter star" grass` (?). (Bot.) An aquatic plant (Schollera graminea) with grassy leaves, and yellow star-shaped blossoms. Water starwort Wa"ter star"wort` (?). See under Starwort. Water supply Wa"ter sup*ply" (?). A supply of water; specifically, water collected, as in reservoirs, and conveyed, as by pipes, for use in a city, mill, or the like. Water tabby Wa"ter tab"by (?). A kind of waved or watered tabby. See Tabby, n., 1. Water table Wa"ter ta"ble (?). (Arch.) A molding, or other projection, in the wall of a building, to throw off the water, -- generally used in the United States for the first table above the surface of the ground (see Table, n., 9), that is, for the table at the top of the foundation and the beginning of the upper wall. Watertath Wa"ter*tath` (?), n. [Water + tath, n.] A kind of coarse grass growing in wet grounds, and supposed to be injurious to sheep. [Prov. Eng.] Water thermometer Wa"ter ther*mom"e*ter (?). (Physics) A thermometer filled with water instead of mercury, for ascertaining the precise temperature at which water attains its maximum density. This is about 39° Fahr., or 4° Centigrade; and from that point down to 32° Fahr., or 0° Centigrade, or the freezing point, it expands. Water thief Wa"ter thief` (?). A pirate. [R.] Shak. Water thrush Wa"ter thrush` (?). (Zo\'94l.) (a) A North American bird of the genus Seiurus, belonging to the Warbler family, especially the common species (S. Noveboracensis). (b) The European water ousel. (b) The pied wagtail. Water thyme Wa"ter thyme` (?). (Bot.) See Anacharis. Water tick Wa"ter tick` (?). Same as Water mite. Water tiger Wa"ter ti"ger (?). (Zo\'94l.) A diving, or water, beetle, especially the larva of a water beetle. See Illust. b of Water beetle. Water-tight Wa"ter-tight` (?), a. So tight as to retain, or not to admit, water; not leaky. Water torch Wa"ter torch` (?). (Bot.) The common cat-tail (Typha latifolia), the spike of which makes a good torch soaked in oil. Dr. Prior. Water tower Wa"ter tow"er (?). A large metal pipe made to be extended vertically by sections, and used for discharging water upon burning buildings. <-- 2. A tall water storage tank in the shape of a tower. --> Water tree Wa"ter tree` (?). (Bot.) A climbing shrub (Tetracera alnifolia, OR potatoria) of Western Africa, which pours out a watery sap from the freshly cut stems. Water trefoil Wa"ter tre"foil` (?). (Bot.) The buck bean. Water tube Wa"ter tube` (?). (Zo\'94l.) One of a system of tubular excretory organs having external openings, found in many invertebrates. They are believed to be analogous in function to the kidneys of vertebrates. See Illust. under Trematodea, and Sporocyst. Water tupelo Wa"ter tu"pe*lo (?). (Bot.) A species of large tupelo (Nyssa aquatica) growing in swamps in the southern of the United States. See Ogeechee lime. Water turkey Wa"ter tur"key (?). (Zo\'94l.) The American snakebird. See Snakebird. Water tu tuy\'8are Wa"ter tu tu`y\'8are" (?). A tuy\'8are kept cool by water circulating within a casing. It is used for hot blast. Water tu twist Wa"ter tu twist` (?). Yarn made by the throstle, or water frame. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1634 Water vine Wa"ter vine` (?). (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Phytocrene, climbing shrubs of Asia and Africa, the stems of which are singularly porous, and when cut stream with a limpid potable juice. Water violet Wa"ter vi"o*let (?). (Bot.) See under Violet. Water viper Wa"ter vi"per (?). (Zo\'94l.) See Water moccasin. Water vole Wa"ter vole` (?). (Zo\'94l.) See under Vole. Water wagtail Wa"ter wag"tail` (?). See under Wagtail. Waterway Wa"ter*way` (?), n. (Naut.) Heavy plank or timber extending fore and aft the whole length of a vessel's deck at the line of junction with the sides, forming a channel to the scuppers, which are cut through it. In iron vessels the waterway is variously constructed. Water way Wa"ter way`. Same as Water course. Waterweed Wa"ter*weed` (?), n. (Bot.) See Anacharis. Water wheel Wa"ter wheel` (?). 1. Any wheel for propelling machinery or for other purposes, that is made to rotate by the direct action of water; -- called an overshot wheel when the water is applied at the top, an undershot wheel when at the bottom, a breast wheel when at an intermediate point; other forms are called reaction wheel, vortex wheel, turbine wheel, etc. 2. The paddle wheel of a steam vessel. 3. A wheel for raising water; a noria, or the like. Water willow Wa"ter wil`low (?). (Bot.) An American aquatic plant (Dianthera Americana) with long willowlike leaves, and spikes of small purplish flowers. Water wing Wa"ter wing` (?). (Arch.) One of two walls built on either side of the junction of a bridge with the bank of a river, to protect the abutment of the bridge and the bank from the action of the current. Water witch Wa"ter witch` (?). (Zo\'94l.) (a) The dabchick. (b) The stormy petrel. [Prov. Eng.] Water-white Wa"ter-white` (?), n. (Bot.) A vinelike plant (Vitis Carib\'91a) growing in parched districts in the West Indies, and containing a great amount of sap which is sometimes used for quenching thirst. Waterwork Wa"ter*work` (?), n. 1. (Paint.) Painting executed in size or distemper, on canvas or walls, -- formerly, frequently taking the place of tapestry. Shak. Fairholt. 2. An hydraulic apparatus, or a system of works or fixtures, by which a supply of water is furnished for useful or ornamental purposes, including dams, sluices, pumps, aqueducts, distributing pipes, fountains, etc.; -- used chiefly in the plural. <-- Water works. The plant and equipment used to purify water for drinking and other purposes, and to supply it to the mains of a town. --> Waterworn Wa"ter*worn` (?), a. Worn, smoothed, or polished by the action of water; as, waterworn stones. Waterwort Wa"ter*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the natural order Elatine\'91, consisting of two genera (Elatine, and Bergia), mostly small annual herbs growing in the edges of ponds. Some have a peppery or acrid taste. Watery Wa"ter*y (?), a. [AS. w\'91terig.] 1. Of or pertaining to water; consisting of water. "The watery god." Dryden. "Fish within their watery residence." Milton. 2. Abounding with water; wet; hence, tearful. 3. Resembling water; thin or transparent, as a liquid; as, watery humors. The oily and watery parts of the aliment. Arbuthnot. 4. Hence, abounding in thin, tasteless, or insipid fluid; tasteless; insipid; vapid; spiritless. Watt Watt (?), n. [From the distinguished mechanician and scientist, James Watt.] (Physics) A unit of power or activity equal to 107 C.G.S. units of power, or to work done at the rate of one joule a second. An English horse power is approximately equal to 746 watts. Wattmeter Watt"me`ter (?), n. [Watt + meter.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring power in watts, -- much used in measuring the energy of an electric current. Wattle Wat"tle (?), n. [AS. watel, watul, watol, hurdle, covering, wattle; cf. OE. watel a bag. Cf. Wallet.] 1. A twig or flexible rod; hence, a hurdle made of such rods. And there he built with wattles from the marsh A little lonely church in days of yore. Tennyson. 2. A rod laid on a roof to support the thatch. 3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A naked fleshy, and usually wrinkled and highly colored, process of the skin hanging from the chin or throat of a bird or reptile. (b) Barbel of a fish. 4. (a) The astringent bark of several Australian trees of the genus Acacia, used in tanning; -- called also wattle bark. (b) (Bot.) The trees from which the bark is obtained. See Savanna wattle, under Savanna. Wattle turkey. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Brush turkey. Wattle Wat"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wattled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wattling (?).] 1. To bind with twigs. 2. To twist or interweave, one with another, as twigs; to form a network with; to plat; as, to wattle branches. 3. To form, by interweaving or platting twigs. The folded flocks, penned in their wattled cotes. Milton. Wattlebird Wat"tle*bird` (?), n. 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of honey eaters belonging to Anthoch\'91ra and allied genera of the family Meliphagid\'91. These birds usually have a large and conspicuous wattle of naked skin hanging down below each ear. They are natives of Australia and adjacent islands. NOTE: &hand; The best-known species (Anthoch\'91ra carunculata) has the upper parts grayish brown, with a white stripe on each feather, and the wing and tail quills dark brown or blackish, tipped with withe. Its wattles, in life, are light blood-red. Called also wattled crow, wattled bee-eater, wattled honey eater. Another species (A. inauris) is streaked with black, gray, and white, and its long wattles are white, tipped with orange. The bush wattlebirds, belonging to the genus Anellobia, are closely related, but lack conspicuous wattles. The most common species (A. mellivora) is dark brown, finely streaked with white. Called also goruck creeper. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The Australian brush turkey. Wattled Wat"tled (?), a. Furnished with wattles, or pendent fleshy processes at the chin or throat. The wattled cocks strut to and fro. Longfellow. Wattling Wat"tling (?), n. The act or process of binding or platting with twigs; also, the network so formed. Made with a wattling of canes or sticks. Dampier. Waucht, Waught Waucht, Waught (?), n. [Cf. Quaff.] A large draught of any liquid. [Scot.] Jamieson. Waul Waul (?), v. i. [Of imitative origin.] To cry as a cat; to squall; to wail. [Written also wawl.] The helpless infant, coming wauling and crying into the world. Sir W. Scott. Waur Waur (?), a. [See Worse.] Worse. [Scot.] Murder and waur than number. Sir W. Scott. Wave Wave (?), v. t. See Wave. Sir H. Wotton. Burke. Wave Wave, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Waved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Waving.] [OE. waven, AS. wafian to waver, to hesitate, to wonder; akin to w\'91fre wavering, restless, MHG. wabern to be in motion, Icel. vafra to hover about; cf. Icel. v\'befa to vibrate. Cf. Waft, Waver.] 1. To play loosely; to move like a wave, one way and the other; to float; to flutter; to undulate. His purple robes waved careless to the winds. Trumbull. Where the flags of three nations has successively waved. Hawthorne. 2. To be moved to and fro as a signal. B. Jonson. 3. To fluctuate; to waver; to be in an unsettled state; to vacillate. [Obs.] He waved indifferently 'twixt doing them neither good nor harm. Shak. Wave Wave, v. t. 1. To move one way and the other; to brandish. "[\'92neas] waved his fatal sword." Dryden. 2. To raise into inequalities of surface; to give an undulating form a surface to. Horns whelked and waved like the enridged sea. Shak. 3. To move like a wave, or by floating; to waft. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. 4. To call attention to, or give a direction or command to, by a waving motion, as of the hand; to signify by waving; to beckon; to signal; to indicate. Look, with what courteous action It waves you to a more removed ground. Shak. She spoke, and bowing waved Dismissal. Tennyson. Wave Wave, n. [From Wave, v.; not the same word as OE. wawe, waghe, a wave, which is akin to E. wag to move. Wave, v. i.] 1. An advancing ridge or swell on the surface of a liquid, as of the sea, resulting from the oscillatory motion of the particles composing it when disturbed by any force their position of rest; an undulation. The wave behind impels the wave before. Pope. 2. (Physics) A vibration propagated from particle to particle through a body or elastic medium, as in the transmission of sound; an assemblage of vibrating molecules in all phases of a vibration, with no phase repeated; a wave of vibration; an undulation. See Undulation. 3. Water; a body of water. [Poetic] "Deep drank Lord Marmion of the wave." Sir W. Scott. Build a ship to save thee from the flood, I 'll furnish thee with fresh wave, bread, and wine. Chapman. 4. Unevenness; inequality of surface. Sir I. Newton. 5. A waving or undulating motion; a signal made with the hand, a flag, etc. 6. The undulating line or streak of luster on cloth watered, or calendered, or on damask steel. 7. Fig.: A swelling or excitement of thought, feeling, or energy; a tide; as, waves of enthusiasm. Wave front (Physics), the surface of initial displacement of the particles in a medium, as a wave of vibration advances. -- Wave length (Physics), the space, reckoned in the direction of propagation, occupied by a complete wave or undulation, as of light, sound, etc.; the distance from a point or phase in a wave to the nearest point at which the same phase occurs. -- Wave line (Shipbuilding), a line of a vessel's hull, shaped in accordance with the wave-line system. -- Wave-line system, Wave-line theory (Shipbuilding), a system or theory of designing the lines of a vessel, which takes into consideration the length and shape of a wave which travels at a certain speed. -- Wave loaf, a loaf for a wave offering. Lev. viii. 27. -- Wave moth (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of small geometrid moths belonging to Acidalia and allied genera; -- so called from the wavelike color markings on the wings. -- Wave offering, an offering made in the Jewish services by waving the object, as a loaf of bread, toward the four cardinal points. Num. xviii. 11. -- Wave of vibration (Physics), a wave which consists in, or is occasioned by, the production and transmission of a vibratory state from particle to particle through a body. -- Wave surface. (a) (Physics) A surface of simultaneous and equal displacement of the particles composing a wave of vibration. (b) (Geom.) A mathematical surface of the fourth order which, upon certain hypotheses, is the locus of a wave surface of light in the interior of crystals. It is used in explaining the phenomena of double refraction. See under Refraction. -- Wave theory. (Physics) See Undulatory theory, under Undulatory. Waved Waved (?), a. 1. Exhibiting a wavelike form or outline; undulating; intended; wavy; as, waved edge. 2. Having a wavelike appearance; marked with wavelike lines of color; as, waved, or watered, silk. 3. (Her.) Having undulations like waves; -- said of one of the lines in heraldry which serve as outlines to the ordinaries, etc. Waveless Wave"less (?), a. Free from waves; undisturbed; not agitated; as, the waveless sea. Wavelet Wave"let (?), n. A little wave; a ripple. Wavellite Wa"vel*lite (?), n. [After Dr. Wm. Wavel, the discoverer.] (Min.) A hydrous phosphate of alumina, occurring usually in hemispherical radiated forms varying in color from white to yellow, green, or black. Waver Wa"ver (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wavered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wavering.] [OE. waveren, from AS. w\'91fre wavering, restless. See Wave, v. i.] 1. To play or move to and fro; to move one way and the other; hence, to totter; to reel; to swing; to flutter. With banners and pennons wavering with the wind. Ld. Berners. Thou wouldst waver on one of these trees as a terror to all evil speakers against dignities. Sir W. Scott. 2. To be unsettled in opinion; to vacillate; to be undetermined; to fluctuate; as, to water in judgment. Let us hold fast . . . without wavering. Heb. x. 23. In feeble hearts, propense enough before To waver, or fall off and join with idols. Milton. Syn. -- To reel; totter; vacillate. See Fluctuate. Waver Wa"ver, n. [From Wave, or Waver, v.] A sapling left standing in a fallen wood. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Waverer Wa"ver*er (?), n. One who wavers; one who is unsettled in doctrine, faith, opinion, or the like. Shak. Waveringly Wa"ver*ing*ly, adv. In a wavering manner. Waveringness Wa"ver*ing*ness, n. The quality or state of wavering. Waveson Wave"son (?), n. [From Wave; cf. Jetsam.] (O. Eng. Law) Goods which, after shipwreck, appear floating on the waves, or sea. Waveworn Wave"*worn` (?), a. Worn by the waves. The shore that o'er his wave-worn basis bowed. Shak. Wavey Wa"vey (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The snow goose. [Canadian, & Local U. S.] Waviness Wav"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being wavy. Wavure Wav"ure (?), n. See Waivure. [R.] Wavy Wav"y (?), a. 1. Rising or swelling in waves; full of waves. "The wavy seas." Chapman. 2. Playing to and fro; undulating; as, wavy flames. Let her glad valleys smile with wavy corn. Prior. 3. (Bot.) Undulating on the border or surface; waved. Wawaskeesh Wa*was"keesh (?), n. [From an Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) The wapiti, or wapiti, or American elk. Wave Wave (?), n. [See Woe.] Woe. [Obs.] Wawe Wawe (?), n. [OE. wawe, waghe; cf. Icel. v\'begr; akin to E. wag; not the same word as wave.] A wave. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser. Wawl Wawl (?), v. i. See Waul. Shak. Wax Wax (?), v. i. [imp. Waxed (?); p. p. Waxed, and Obs. or Poetic Waxen (; p. pr. & vb. n. Waxing.] [AS. weaxan; akin to OFries. waxa, D. wassen, OS. & OHG. wahsan, G. wachsen, Icel. vaxa, Sw. v\'84xa, Dan. voxe, Goth. wahsjan, Gr. waksh, uksh, to grow. Waist.] 1. To increase in size; to grow bigger; to become larger or fuller; -- opposed to wane. The waxing and the waning of the moon. Hakewill. Truth's treasures . . . never shall wax ne wane. P. Plowman. 2. To pass from one state to another; to become; to grow; as, to wax strong; to wax warmer or colder; to wax feeble; to wax old; to wax worse and worse. Your clothes are not waxen old upon you. Deut. xxix. 5. Where young Adonis oft reposes, Waxing well of his deep wound. Milton. Waxing kernels (Med.), small tumors formed by the enlargement of the lymphatic glands, especially in the groins of children; -- popularly so called, because supposed to be caused by growth of the body. Dunglison. Wax Wax, n. [AS. weax; akin to OFries. wax, D. was, G. wachs, OHG. wahs, Icel. & Sw. vax, Dan. vox, Lith. vaszkas, Russ. vosk'.] 1. A fatty, solid substance, produced by bees, and employed by them in the construction of their comb; -- usually called beeswax. It is first excreted, from a row of pouches along their sides, in the form of scales, which, being masticated and mixed with saliva, become whitened and tenacious. Its natural color is pale or dull yellow. NOTE: &hand; Be eswax co nsists es sentially of ce rotic ac id (constituting the more soluble part) and of myricyl palmitate (constituting the less soluble part). 2. Hence, any substance resembling beeswax in consistency or appearance. Specifically: -- (a) (Physiol.) Cerumen, or earwax. See Cerumen. (b) A waxlike composition used for uniting surfaces, for excluding air, and for other purposes; as, sealing wax, grafting wax, etching wax, etc. (c) A waxlike composition used by shoemakers for rubbing their thread. (d) (Zo\'94l.) A substance similar to beeswax, secreted by several species of scale insects, as the Chinese wax. See Wax insect, below. (e) (Bot.) A waxlike product secreted by certain plants. See Vegetable wax, under Vegetable. (f) (Min.) A substance, somewhat resembling wax, found in connection with certain deposits of rock salt and coal; -- called also mineral wax, and ozocerite. (g) Thick sirup made by boiling down the sap of the sugar maple, and then cooling. [Local U.S.] Japanese wax, a waxlike substance made in Japan from the berries of certain species of Rhus, esp. R. succedanea. -- Mineral wax. (Min.) See Wax, 2 (f), above. -- Wax cloth. See Waxed cloth, under Waxed. -- Wax end. See Waxed end, under Waxed. -- Wax flower, a flower made of, or resembling, wax. -- Wax insect (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of scale insects belonging to the family Coccid\'91, which secrete from their bodies a waxlike substance, especially the Chinese wax insect (Coccus Sinensis) from which a large amount of the commercial Chinese wax is obtained. Called also pela. -- Wax light, a candle or taper of wax. -- Wax moth (Zo\'94l.), a pyralid moth (Galleria cereana) whose larv\'91 feed upon honeycomb, and construct silken galleries among the fragments. The moth has dusky gray wings streaked with brown near the outer edge. The larva is yellowish white with brownish dots. Called also bee moth. -- Wax myrtle. (Bot.) See Bayberry. -- Wax painting, a kind of painting practiced by the ancients, under the name of encaustic. The pigments were ground with wax, and diluted. After being applied, the wax was melted with hot irons and the color thus fixed. -- Wax palm. (Bot.) (a) A species of palm (Ceroxylon Andicola) native of the Andes, the stem of which is covered with a secretion, consisting of two thirds resin and one third wax, which, when melted with a third of fat, makes excellent candles. (b) A Brazilian tree (Copernicia cerifera) the young leaves of which are covered with a useful waxy secretion. -- Wax paper, paper prepared with a coating of white wax and other ingredients. -- Wax plant (Bot.), a name given to several plants, as: (a) The Indian pipe (see under Indian). (b) The Hoya carnosa, a climbing plant with polished, fleshy leaves. (c) Certain species of Begonia with similar foliage. -- Wax tree (Bot.) (a) A tree or shrub (Ligustrum lucidum) of China, on which certain insects make a thick deposit of a substance resembling white wax. (b) A kind of sumac (Rhus succedanea) of Japan, the berries of which yield a sort of wax. (c) A rubiaceous tree (El\'91agia utilis) of New Grenada, called by the inhabitants "arbol del cera." -- Wax yellow, a dull yellow, resembling the natural color of beeswax. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1635 Wax Wax (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Waxed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Waxing.] To smear or rub with wax; to treat with wax; as, to wax a thread or a table. Waxed cloth, cloth covered with a coating of wax, used as a cover, of tables and for other purposes; -- called also wax cloth. -- Waxed end, a thread pointed with a bristle and covered with shoemaker's wax, used in sewing leather, as for boots, shoes, and the like; -- called also wax end. Brockett. Waxberry Wax"ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) The wax-covered fruit of the wax myrtle, or bayberry. See Bayberry, and Candleberry tree. Waxbill Wax"bill` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of finchlike birds belonging to Estrelda and allied genera, native of Asia, Africa, and Australia. The bill is large, conical, and usually red in color, resembling sealing wax. Several of the species are often kept as cage birds. Waxbird Wax"bird` (?), (Zo\'94l.) The waxwing. Waxen Wax"en (?), a. 1. Made of wax. "The female bee, that . . . builds her waxen cells." Milton. 2. Covered with wax; waxed; as, a waxen tablet. 3. Resembling wax; waxy; hence, soft; yielding. Men have marble, women waxen, minds. Shak. Waxen chatterer (Zo\'94l.), the Bohemian chatterer. Waxiness Wax"i*ness (?), n. Quality or state of being waxy. Waxwing Wax"wing` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small birds of the genus Ampelis, in which some of the secondary quills are usually tipped with small horny ornaments resembling red sealing wax. The Bohemian waxwing (see under Bohemian) and the cedar bird are examples. Called also waxbird. Waxwork Wax"work` (?), n. 1. Work made of wax; especially, a figure or figures formed or partly of wax, in imitation of real beings. 2. (Bot.) An American climbing shrub (Celastrus scandens). It bears a profusion of yellow berrylike pods, which open in the autumn, and display the scarlet coverings of the seeds. Waxworker Wax"work`er (?), n. 1. One who works in wax; one who makes waxwork. 2. A bee that makes or produces wax. Waxy Wax"y (?), a. Resembling wax in appearance or consistency; viscid; adhesive; soft; hence, yielding; pliable; impressible. "Waxy to persuasion." Bp. Hall. Waxy degeneration (Med.), amyloid degeneration. See under Amyloid. -- Waxy kidney, Waxy liver, etc. (Med.), a kidney or liver affected by waxy degeneration. Way Way (?), adv. [Aphetic form of away.] Away. [Obs. or Archaic] Chaucer. To do way, to take away; to remove. [Obs.] "Do way your hands." Chaucer. -- To make way with, to make away with. See under Away. [Archaic] Way Way, n. [OE. wey, way, AS. weg; akin to OS., D., OHG., & G. weg, Icel. vegr, Sw. v\'84g, Dan. vei, Goth. wigs, L. via, and AS. wegan to move, L. vehere to carry, Skr. vah. &root;136. Cf. Convex, Inveigh, Vehicle, Vex, Via, Voyage, Wag, Wagon, Wee, Weigh.] 1. That by, upon, or along, which one passes or processes; opportunity or room to pass; place of passing; passage; road, street, track, or path of any kind; as, they built a way to the mine. "To find the way to heaven." Shak. I shall him seek by way and eke by street. Chaucer. The way seems difficult, and steep to scale. Milton. The season and ways were very improper for his majesty's forces to march so great a distance. Evelyn. 2. Length of space; distance; interval; as, a great way; a long way. And whenever the way seemed long, Or his heart began to fail. Longfellow. 3. A moving; passage; procession; journey. I prythee, now, lead the way. Shak. 4. Course or direction of motion or process; tendency of action; advance. If that way be your walk, you have not far. Milton. And let eternal justice take the way. Dryden. 5. The means by which anything is reached, or anything is accomplished; scheme; device; plan. My best way is to creep under his gaberdine. Shak. By noble ways we conquest will prepare. Dryden. What impious ways my wishes took! Prior. 6. Manner; method; mode; fashion; style; as, the way of expressing one's ideas. 7. Regular course; habitual method of life or action; plan of conduct; mode of dealing. "Having lost the way of nobleness." Sir. P. Sidney. Her ways are ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are peace. Prov. iii. 17. When men lived in a grander way. Longfellow. 8. Sphere or scope of observation. Jer. Taylor. The public ministers that fell in my way. Sir W. Temple. 9. Determined course; resolved mode of action or conduct; as, to have one's way. 10. (Naut.) (a) Progress; as, a ship has way. (b) pl. The timbers on which a ship is launched. 11. pl. (Mach.) The longitudinal guides, or guiding surfaces, on the bed of a planer, lathe, or the like, along which a table or carriage moves. 12. (Law) Right of way. See below. By the way, in passing; apropos; aside; apart from, though connected with, the main object or subject of discourse. -- By way of, for the purpose of; as being; in character of. -- Covert way. (Fort.) See Covered way, under Covered. -- In the family way. See under Family. -- In the way, so as to meet, fall in with, obstruct, hinder, etc. -- In the way with, traveling or going with; meeting or being with; in the presence of. -- Milky way. (Astron.) See Galaxy, 1. -- No way, No ways. See Noway, Noways, in the Vocabulary. -- On the way, traveling or going; hence, in process; advancing toward completion; as, on the way to this country; on the way to success. -- Out of the way. See under Out. -- Right of way (Law), a right of private passage over another's ground. It may arise either by grant or prescription. It may be attached to a house, entry, gate, well, or city lot, as well as to a country farm. Kent. -- To be under way, OR To have way (Naut.), to be in motion, as when a ship begins to move. -- To give way. See under Give. -- To go one's way, OR To come one's way, to go or come; to depart or come along. Shak. -- To go the way of all the earth, to die.<-- = to go the way of all flesh. --> -- To make one's way, to advance in life by one's personal efforts. -- To make way. See under Make, v. t. -- Ways and means. (a) Methods; resources; facilities. (b) (Legislation) Means for raising money; resources for revenue. -- Way leave, permission to cross, or a right of way across, land; also, rent paid for such right. [Eng] -- Way of the cross (Eccl.), the course taken in visiting in rotation the stations of the cross. See Station, n., 7 (c). -- Way of the rounds (Fort.), a space left for the passage of the rounds between a rampart and the wall of a fortified town. -- Way pane, a pane for cartage in irrigated land. See Pane, n., 4. [Prov. Eng.] -- Way passenger, a passenger taken up, or set down, at some intermediate place between the principal stations on a line of travel. -- Ways of God, his providential government, or his works. -- Way station, an intermediate station between principal stations on a line of travel, especially on a railroad. -- Way train, a train which stops at the intermediate, or way, stations; an accommodation train. -- Way warden, the surveyor of a road. Syn. -- Street; highway; road. -- Way, Street, Highway, Road. Way is generic, denoting any line for passage or conveyance; a highway is literally one raised for the sake of dryness and convenience in traveling; a road is, strictly, a way for horses and carriages; a street is, etymologically, a paved way, as early made in towns and cities; and, hence, the word is distinctively applied to roads or highways in compact settlements. All keep the broad highway, and take delight With many rather for to go astray. Spenser. There is but one road by which to climb up. Addison. When night Darkens the streets, then wander forth the sons Of Belial, flown with insolence and wine. Milton. Way Way (?), v. t. To go or travel to; to go in, as a way or path. [Obs.] "In land not wayed." Wyclif. Way Way, v. i. To move; to progress; to go. [R.] On a time as they together wayed. Spenser. Waybill Way"bill` (?), n. A list of passengers in a public vehicle, or of the baggage or gods transported by a common carrier on a land route. When the goods are transported by water, the list is called a bill of lading. Waybread Way"bread` (?), n. [AS. wegbr. See Way, and Broad.] (Bot.) The common dooryard plantain (Plantago major). Waybung Way"bung` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An Australian insessorial bird (Corcorax melanorhamphus) noted for the curious actions of the male during the breeding season. It is black with a white patch on each wing. Wayed Wayed (?), a. Used to the way; broken. [R.] A horse that is not well wayed; he starts at every bird that flies out the hedge. Selden. Wayfare Way"fare` (?), v. i. [Way + fare to go.] To journey; to travel; to go to and fro. [Obs.] A certain Laconian, as he wayfared, came unto a place where there dwelt an old friend of his. Holland. Wayfare Way"fare`, n. The act of journeying; travel; passage. [Obs.] Holland. Wayfarer Way"far`er (?), n. One who travels; a traveler; a passenger. Wayfaring Way"far`ing, a. Traveling; passing; being on a journey. "A wayfaring man." Judg. xix. 17. Wayfaring tree (Bot.), a European shrub (Viburnum lantana) having large ovate leaves and dense cymes of small white flowers. -- American wayfaring tree (Bot.), the (Viburnum lantanoides). Waygate Way"gate` (?), n. The tailrace of a mill. Knight. Way-going Way"-go`ing (?), a. Going away; departing; of or pertaining to one who goes away. Way-going crop (Law of Leases), a crop of grain to which tenants for years are sometimes entitled by custom; grain sown in the fall to be reaped at the next harvest; a crop which will not ripen until after the termination of the lease. Burrill. Way-goose Way"-goose` (?), n. See Wayz-goose, n., 2. [Eng.] Wayk Wayk (?), a. Weak. [Obs.] Chaucer. Waylay Way"lay` (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Waylaid (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Waylaying.] [Way + lay.] To lie in wait for; to meet or encounter in the way; especially, to watch for the passing of, with a view to seize, rob, or slay; to beset in ambush. Falstaff, Bardolph, Peto, and Gadshill shall rob those men that we have already waylaid. Shak. She often contrived to waylay him in his walks. Sir W. Scott. Waylayer Way"lay`er (?), n. One who waylays another. Wayless Way"less, a. Having no road or path; pathless. Wayleway Way"le*way (?), interj. See Welaway. [Obs.] Waymaker Way"mak`er (?), n. One who makes a way; a precursor. [R.] Bacon. Waymark Way"mark` (?), n. A mark to guide in traveling. Wayment Way"ment (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Waymented; p. pr. & vb. n. Waymenting.] [OE. waymenten, OF. waimenter, gaimenter, guaimenter, from wai, guai, woe! (of Teutonic origin; see Woe) and L. lamentari to lament. See Lament.] To lament; to grieve; to wail. [Written also waiment.] [Obs.] Thilke science . . . maketh a man to waymenten. Chaucer. For what boots it to weep and wayment, When ill is chanced? Spenser. Wayment Way"ment, n. Grief; lamentation; mourning. [Written also waiment.] [Obs.] Spenser. Way shaft Way" shaft` (?). 1. (Mach.) A rock shaft. 2. (Mining) An interior shaft, usually one connecting two levels. Raymond. -ways -ways (?). A suffix formed from way by the addition of the adverbial -s (see -wards). It is often used interchangeably with wise; as, endways or endwise; noways or nowise, etc. Wayside Way"side` (?), n. The side of the way; the edge or border of a road or path. Wayside Way"side`, a. Of or pertaining to the wayside; as, wayside flowers. "A wayside inn." Longfellow. Wayward Way"ward (?), a. [OE. weiward, for aweiward, i. e., turned away. See Away, and -ward.] Taking one's own way; disobedient; froward; perverse; willful. My wife is in a wayward mood. Shak. Wayward beauty doth not fancy move. Fairfax. Wilt thou forgive the wayward thought? Keble. -- Way"ward*ly, adv. -- Way"ward*ness, n. Way-wise Way"-wise` (?), a. Skillful in finding the way; well acquainted with the way or route; wise from having traveled. Waywiser Way"wis`er (?), n. [Cf. G. wegweiser a waymark, a guide; weg way + weisen to show, direct.] An instrument for measuring the distance which one has traveled on the road; an odometer, pedometer, or perambulator. The waywiser to a coach, exactly measuring the miles, and showing them by an index. Evelyn. Waywode Way"wode (?), n. [Russ. voevoda, or Pol. woiewoda; properly, a leader of an army, a leader in war. Cf. Vaivode.] Originally, the title of a military commander in various Slavonic countries; afterwards applied to governors of towns or provinces. It was assumed for a time by the rulers of Moldavia and Wallachia, who were afterwards called hospodars, and has also been given to some inferior Turkish officers. [Written also vaivode, voivode, waiwode, and woiwode.] Waywodeship Way"wode*ship, n. The office, province, or jurisdiction of a waywode. Wayworn Way"worn` (?), a. Wearied by traveling. Wayz-goose Wayz"-goose` (?), n. [Wase stubble + goose.] 1. A stubble goose. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] 2. An annual feast of the persons employed in a printing office. [Written also way-goose.] [Eng.] We We (?), pron.; pl. of I. [Poss. Our (our) or Ours (; obj. Us (. See I.] [As. w; akin to OS. w\'c6, OFries. & LG. wi, D. wij, G. wir, Icel. v, Sw. & Dan. vi, Goth. weis, Skr. vayam. &root;190.] The plural nominative case of the pronoun of the first person; the word with which a person in speaking or writing denotes a number or company of which he is one, as the subject of an action expressed by a verb. NOTE: &hand; We is fr equently us ed to ex press men in general, including the speaker. We is also often used by individuals, as authors, editors, etc., in speaking of themselves, in order to avoid the appearance of egotism in the too frequent repetition of the pronoun I. The plural style is also in use among kings and other sovereigns, and is said to have been begun by King John of England. Before that time, monarchs used the singular number in their edicts. The German and the French sovereigns followed the example of King John in a. d. 1200. Weak Weak (?), a. [Compar. Weaker (?); superl. Weakest.] [OE. weik, Icel. veikr; akin to Sw. vek, Dan. veg soft, flexible, pliant, AS. w\'bec weak, soft, pliant, D. week, G. weich, OHG. weih; all from the verb seen in Icel. v\'c6kja to turn, veer, recede, AS. w\'c6can to yield, give way, G. weichen, OHG. w\'c6hhan, akin to Skr. vij, and probably to E. week, L. vicis a change, turn, Gr. Week, Wink, v. i. Vicissitude.] 1. Wanting physical strength. Specifically: -- (a) Deficient in strength of body; feeble; infirm; sickly; debilitated; enfeebled; exhausted. A poor, infirm, weak, and despised old man. Shak. Weak with hunger, mad with love. Dryden. (b) Not able to sustain a great weight, pressure, or strain; as, a weak timber; a weak rope. (c) Not firmly united or adhesive; easily broken or separated into pieces; not compact; as, a weak ship. (d) Not stiff; pliant; frail; soft; as, the weak stalk of a plant. (e) Not able to resist external force or onset; easily subdued or overcome; as, a weak barrier; as, a weak fortress. (f) Lacking force of utterance or sound; not sonorous; low; small; feeble; faint. A voice not soft, weak, piping, and womanish. Ascham. (g) Not thoroughly or abundantly impregnated with the usual or required ingredients, or with stimulating and nourishing substances; of less than the usual strength; as, weak tea, broth, or liquor; a weak decoction or solution; a weak dose of medicine. (h) Lacking ability for an appropriate function or office; as, weak eyes; a weak stomach; a weak magistrate; a weak regiment, or army. 2. Not possessing or manifesting intellectual, logical, moral, or political strength, vigor, etc. Specifically: - (a) Feeble of mind; wanting discernment; lacking vigor; spiritless; as, a weak king or magistrate. To think every thing disputable is a proof of a weak mind and captious temper. Beattie. Origen was never weak enough to imagine that there were two Gods. Waterland. (b) Resulting from, or indicating, lack of judgment, discernment, or firmness; unwise; hence, foolish. If evil thence ensue, She first his weak indulgence will accuse. Milton. (c) Not having full confidence or conviction; not decided or confirmed; vacillating; wavering. Him that is weak in the faith receive ye, but not to doubtful disputations. Rom. xiv. 1. (d) Not able to withstand temptation, urgency, persuasion, etc.; easily impressed, moved, or overcome; accessible; vulnerable; as, weak resolutions; weak virtue. Guard thy heart On this weak side, where most our nature fails. Addison. (e) Wanting in power to influence or bind; as, weak ties; a weak sense of honor of duty. (f) Not having power to convince; not supported by force of reason or truth; unsustained; as, a weak argument or case. "Convinced of his weak arguing." Milton. A case so weak . . . hath much persisted in. Hooker. (g) Wanting in point or vigor of expression; as, a weak sentence; a weak style. (h) Not prevalent or effective, or not felt to be prevalent; not potent; feeble. "Weak prayers." Shak. (i) Lacking in elements of political strength; not wielding or having authority or energy; deficient in the resources that are essential to a ruler or nation; as, a weak monarch; a weak government or state. I must make fair weather yet awhile, Till Henry be more weak, and I more strong. Shak. (k) (Stock Exchange) Tending towards lower prices; as, a weak market. 3. (Gram.) (a) Pertaining to, or designating, a verb which forms its preterit (imperfect) and past participle by adding to the present the suffix -ed, -d, or the variant form -t; as in the verbs abash, abashed; abate, abated; deny, denied; feel, felt. See Strong, 19 (a). (b) Pertaining to, or designating, a noun in Anglo-Saxon, etc., the stem of which ends in -n. See Strong, 19 (b). NOTE: &hand; Weak is often used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, weak-eyed, weak-handed, weak-hearted, weak-minded, weak-spirited, and the like. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1636 Weak conjugation (Gram.), the conjugation of weak verbs; -- called also new, OR regular, conjugation, and distinguished from the old, or irregular, conjugation. -- Weak declension (Anglo-Saxon Gram.), the declension of weak nouns; also, one of the declensions of adjectives. -- Weak side, the side or aspect of a person's character or disposition by which he is most easily affected or influenced; weakness; infirmity. -- Weak sore OR ulcer (Med.), a sore covered with pale, flabby, sluggish granulations. Weak Weak (?), v. t. & i. [Cf. AS. w. w\'becian. See Weak, a.] To make or become weak; to weaken. [R.] Never to seek weaking variety. Marston. Weaken Weak"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Weakened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Weakening.] 1. To make weak; to lessen the strength of; to deprive of strength; to debilitate; to enfeeble; to enervate; as, to weaken the body or the mind; to weaken the hands of a magistrate; to weaken the force of an objection or an argument. Their hands shall be weakened from the work, that it be not done. Neh. vi. 9. 2. To reduce in quality, strength, or spirit; as, to weaken tea; to weaken any solution or decoction. Weaken Weak"en, v. i. To become weak or weaker; to lose strength, spirit, or determination; to become less positive or resolute; as, the patient weakened; the witness weakened on cross-examination. "His notion weakens, his discernings are lethargied." Shak. Weakener Weak"en*er (?), n. One who, or that which, weakens. "[Fastings] weakeners of sin." South. Weakfish Weak"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any fish of the genus Cynoscion; a squeteague; -- so called from its tender mouth. See Squeteague. Spotted weakfish (Zo\'94l.), the spotted squeteague. Weak-hearted Weak"-heart`ed (?), a. Having little courage; of feeble spirit; dispirited; faint-hearted. "Weak-hearted enemies." Shak. Weakish Weak"ish, a. Somewhat weak; rather weak. Weakishness Weak"ish*ness, n. Quality or state of being weakish. Weak-kneed Weak"-kneed` (?), a. Having weak knees; hence, easily yielding; wanting resolution. H. James. Weakling Weak"ling (?), n. [Weak + -ling.] A weak or feeble creature. Shak. "All looking on him as a weakling, which would post to the grave." Fuller. We may not be weaklings because we have a strong enemy. Latimer. Weakling Weak"ling, a. Weak; feeble. Sir T. North. Weakly Weak"ly, adv. In a weak manner; with little strength or vigor; feebly. Weakly Weak"ly, a. [Compar. Weaklier (?); superl. Weakliest.] Not strong of constitution; infirm; feeble; as, a weakly woman; a man of a weakly constitution. Weak-minded Weak"-mind`ed (?), a. Having a weak mind, either naturally or by reason of disease; feebleminded; foolish; idiotic. -- Weak"-mind`ed*ness, n. Weakness Weak"ness, n. 1. The quality or state of being weak; want of strength or firmness; lack of vigor; want of resolution or of moral strength; feebleness. 2. That which is a mark of lack of strength or resolution; a fault; a defect. Many take pleasure in spreading abroad the weakness of an exalted character. Spectator. Syn. -- Feebleness; debility; languor; imbecility; infirmness; infirmity; decrepitude; frailty; faintness. Weal Weal (?), n. The mark of a stripe. See Wale. Weal Weal, v. t. To mark with stripes. See Wale. Weal Weal, n. [OE. wele, AS. wela, weola, wealth, from wel well. See Well, adv., and cf. Wealth.] 1. A sound, healthy, or prosperous state of a person or thing; prosperity; happiness; welfare. God . . . grant you wele and prosperity. Chaucer. As we love the weal of our souls and bodies. Bacon. To him linked in weal or woe. Milton. Never was there a time when it more concerned the public weal that the character of the Parliament should stand high. Macaulay. 2. The body politic; the state; common wealth. [Obs.] The special watchmen of our English weal. Shak. Weal Weal, v. t. To promote the weal of; to cause to be prosperous. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Weal-balanced Weal"-bal`anced (?), a. Balanced or considered with reference to public weal. [Obs.] Shak. Weald Weald (?), n. [AS. See Wold.] A wood or forest; a wooded land or region; also, an open country; -- often used in place names. Fled all night long by glimmering waste and weald, And heard the spirits of the waste and weald Moan as she fled. Tennyson. Weald clay (Geol.), the uppermost member of the Wealden strata. See Wealden. Wealden Weald"en (?; 277), a. [AS. weald, wald, a forest, a wood. So called because this formation occurs in the wealds, or woods, of Kent and Sussex. See Weald.] (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the lowest division of the Cretaceous formation in England and on the Continent, which overlies the O\'94litic series. Wealden Weald"en, n. (Geol.) The Wealden group or strata. Wealdish Weald"ish, a. Of or pertaining to a weald, esp. to the weald in the county of Kent, England. [Obs.] Fuller. Wealful Weal"ful (?), a. Weleful. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wealsman Weals"man (?), n.; pl. Wealsmen (#). [Weal + man.] A statesman; a politician. [R.] Shak. Wealth Wealth (?), n. [OE. welthe, from wele; cf. D. weelde luxury. See Weal prosperity.] 1. Weal; welfare; prosperity; good. [Obs.] "Let no man seek his own, but every man another's wealth." 1 Cor. x. 24. 2. Large possessions; a comparative abundance of things which are objects of human desire; esp., abundance of worldly estate; affluence; opulence; riches. I have little wealth to lose. Shak. Each day new wealth, without their care, provides. Dryden. Wealth comprises all articles of value and nothing else. F. A. Walker. Active wealth. See under Active. Syn. -- Riches; affluence; opulence; abundance. Wealthful Wealth"ful (?), a. Full of wealth; wealthy; prosperous. [R.] Sir T. More. -- Wealth"ful*ly, adv. [R.] Wealthily Wealth"i*ly (?), adv. In a wealthy manner; richly. I come to wive it wealthily in Padua. Shak. Wealthiness Wealth"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being wealthy, or rich; richness; opulence. Wealthy Wealth"y (?), a. [Compar. Wealthier (?); superl. Wealthiest.] 1. Having wealth; having large possessions, or larger than most men, as lands, goods, money, or securities; opulent; affluent; rich. A wealthy Hebrew of my tribe. Shak. Thou broughtest us out into a wealthy place. Ps. lxvi. 12. 2. Hence, ample; full; satisfactory; abundant. [R.] The wealthy witness of my pen. B. Jonson. Wean Wean (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Weaned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Weaning.] [OE. wenen, AS. wenian, wennan, to accustom; akin to D. wennen, G. gew\'94hnen, OHG. giwennan, Icel. venja, Sw. v\'84nja, Dan. v\'91nne, Icel. vanr accustomed, wont; cf. AS. \'bewenian to wean, G. entw\'94hnen. See Wont, a.] 1. To accustom and reconcile, as a child or other young animal, to a want or deprivation of mother's milk; to take from the breast or udder; to cause to cease to depend on the mother nourishment. And the child grew, and was weaned; and Abraham made a great feast the same day that Isaac was weaned. Gen. xxi. 8. 2. Hence, to detach or alienate the affections of, from any object of desire; to reconcile to the want or loss of anything. "Wean them from themselves." Shak. The troubles of age were intended . . . to wean us gradually from our fondness of life. Swift. Wean Wean, n. A weanling; a young child. I, being but a yearling wean. Mrs. Browning. Weanedness Wean"ed*ness, n. Quality or state of being weaned. Weanel Wean"el (?), n. A weanling. [Obs.] Spenser. Weanling Wean"ling, a. & n. from Wean, v. The weaning of the whelp is the great test of the skill of the kennel man. J. H. Walsh. Weaning brash. (Med.) See under Brash. Weanling Wean"ling (?), n. [Wean + -ling.] A child or animal newly weaned; a wean. Weanling Wean"ling, a. Recently weaned. Milton. Weapon Weap"on (?; 277), n. [OE. wepen, AS. w; akin to OS. w, OFries. w, w, D. wapen, G. waffe, OHG. waffan, w\'befan, Icel. v\'bepn, Dan. vaaben, Sw. vapen, Goth. w, pl.; of uncertain origin. Cf. Wapentake.] 1. An instrument of offensive of defensive combat; something to fight with; anything used, or designed to be used, in destroying, defeating, or injuring an enemy, as a gun, a sword, etc. The weapons of our warfare are not carnal. 2 Cor. x. 4. They, astonished, all resistance lost, All courage; down their idle weapons dropped. Milton. 2. Fig.: The means or instrument with which one contends against another; as, argument was his only weapon. "Woman's weapons, water drops." Shak. 3. (Bot.) A thorn, prickle, or sting with which many plants are furnished. Concealed weapons. See under Concealed. -- Weapon salve, a salve which was supposed to cure a wound by being applied to the weapon that made it. [Obs.] Boyle. Weaponed Weap"oned (?), a. Furnished with weapons, or arms; armed; equipped. Weaponless Weap"on*less (?), a. Having no weapon. Weaponry Weap"on*ry (?), n. Weapons, collectively; as, an array of weaponry. [Poetic] Wear Wear (?; 277), n. Same as Weir. Wear Wear (?), v. t. [Cf. Veer.] (Naut.) To cause to go about, as a vessel, by putting the helm up, instead of alee as in tacking, so that the vessel's bow is turned away from, and her stern is presented to, the wind, and, as she turns still farther, her sails fill on the other side; to veer. Wear Wear, v. t. [imp. Wore (?); p. p. Worn (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wearing. Before the 15th century wear was a weak verb, the imp. & p. p. being Weared.] [OE. weren, werien, AS. werian to carry, to wear, as arms or clothes; akin to OHG. werien, weren, to clothe, Goth. wasjan, L. vestis clothing, vestire to clothe, Gr. vas. Cf. Vest.] 1. To carry or bear upon the person; to bear upon one's self, as an article of clothing, decoration, warfare, bondage, etc.; to have appendant to one's body; to have on; as, to wear a coat; to wear a shackle. What compass will you wear your farthingale? Shak. On her white breast a sparkling cross swore, Which Jews might kiss, and infidels adore. Pope. 2. To have or exhibit an appearance of, as an aspect or manner; to bear; as, she wears a smile on her countenance. "He wears the rose of youth upon him." Shak. His innocent gestures wear A meaning half divine. Keble. 3. To use up by carrying or having upon one's self; hence, to consume by use; to waste; to use up; as, to wear clothes rapidly. 4. To impair, waste, or diminish, by continual attrition, scraping, percussion, on the like; to consume gradually; to cause to lower or disappear; to spend. That wicked wight his days doth wear. Spenser. The waters wear the stones. Job xiv. 19. 5. To cause or make by friction or wasting; as, to wear a channel; to wear a hole. 6. To form or shape by, or as by, attrition. Trials wear us into a liking of what, possibly, in the first essay, displeased us. Locke. To wear away, to consume; to impair, diminish, or destroy, by gradual attrition or decay. -- To wear off, to diminish or remove by attrition or slow decay; as, to wear off the nap of cloth. -- To wear on OR upon, to wear. [Obs.] "[I] weared upon my gay scarlet gites [gowns.]" Chaucer. -- To wear out. (a) To consume, or render useless, by attrition or decay; as, to wear out a coat or a book. (b) To consume tediously. "To wear out miserable days." Milton. (c) To harass; to tire. "[He] shall wear out the saints of the Most High." Dan vii. 25. (d) To waste the strength of; as, an old man worn out in military service. -- To wear the breeches. See under Breeches. [Colloq.] Wear Wear, v. i. 1. To endure or suffer use; to last under employment; to bear the consequences of use, as waste, consumption, or attrition; as, a coat wears well or ill; -- hence, sometimes applied to character, qualifications, etc.; as, a man wears well as an acquaintance. 2. To be wasted, consumed, or diminished, by being used; to suffer injury, loss, or extinction by use or time; to decay, or be spent, gradually. "Thus wore out night." Milton. Away, I say; time wears. Shak. Thou wilt surely wear away, both thou and this people that is with thee. Ex. xviii. 18. His stock of money began to wear very low. Sir W. Scott. The family . . . wore out in the earlier part of the century. Beaconsfield. To wear off, to pass away by degrees; as, the follies of youth wear off with age. -- To wear on, to pass on; as, time wears on. G. Eliot. -- To wear weary, to become weary, as by wear, long occupation, tedious employment, etc. Wear Wear, n. 1. The act of wearing, or the state of being worn; consumption by use; diminution by friction; as, the wear of a garment. 2. The thing worn; style of dress; the fashion. Motley wear. Shak. Wear and tear, the loss by wearing, as of machinery in use; the loss or injury to which anything is subjected by use, accident, etc. Wearable Wear"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being worn; suitable to be worn. Wearer Wear"er (?), n. 1. One who wears or carries as appendant to the body; as, the wearer of a cloak, a sword, a crown, a shackle, etc. Cowls, hoods, and habits, with their wearers, tossed, And fluttered into rags. Milton. 2. That which wastes or diminishes. Weariable Wea"ri*a*ble (?), a. That may be wearied. Weariful Wea"ri*ful (?), a. Abounding in qualities which cause weariness; wearisome. -- Wea"ri*ful*ly, adv. Weariless Wea"ri*less, a. Incapable of being wearied. Wearily Wea"ri*ly, adv. In a weary manner. Weariness Wea"ri*ness, n. The quality or state of being weary or tried; lassitude; exhaustion of strength; fatigue. With weariness and wine oppressed. Dryden. A man would die, though he were neither valiant nor miserable, only upon a weariness to do the same thing so oft over and over. Bacon. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1637 Wearing Wear"ing (?), n. 1. The act of one who wears; the manner in which a thing wears; use; conduct; consumption. Belike he meant to ward, and there to see his wearing. Latimer. 2. That which is worn; clothes; garments. [Obs.] Give me my nightly wearing and adieu. Shak. Wearing Wear"ing (?), a. Pertaining to, or designed for, wear; as, wearing apparel. Wearish Wear"ish (?), a. [Etymol. uncertain, but perhaps akin to weary.] 1. Weak; withered; shrunk. [Obs.] "A wearish hand." Ford. A little, wearish old man, very melancholy by nature. Burton. 2. Insipid; tasteless; unsavory. [Obs.] Wearish as meat is that is not well tasted. Palsgrave. Wearisome Wea"ri*some (?), a. Causing weariness; tiresome; tedious; weariful; as, a wearisome march; a wearisome day's work; a wearisome book. These high wild hills and rough uneven ways Draws out our miles, and makes them wearisome. Shak. Syn. -- Irksome; tiresome; tedious; fatiguing; annoying; vexatious. See Irksome. -- Wea"ri*some*ly, adv. -- Wea"ri*some*ness, n. Weary Wea"ry (?), a. [Compar. Wearier (?); superl. Weariest.] [OE. weri, AS. w; akin to OS. w, OHG. wu; of uncertain origin; cf. AS. w to ramble.] 1. Having the strength exhausted by toil or exertion; worn out in respect to strength, endurance, etc.; tired; fatigued. I care not for my spirits if my legs were not weary. Shak. [I] am weary, thinking of your task. Longfellow. 2. Causing weariness; tiresome. "Weary way." Spenser. "There passed a weary time." Coleridge. 3. Having one's patience, relish, or contentment exhausted; tired; sick; -- with of before the cause; as, weary of marching, or of confinement; weary of study. Syn. -- Fatigued; tiresome; irksome; wearisome. Weary Wea"ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wearied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wearying.] 1. To reduce or exhaust the physical strength or endurance of; to tire; to fatigue; as, to weary one's self with labor or traveling. So shall he waste his means, weary his soldiers. Shak. 2. To make weary of anything; to exhaust the patience of, as by continuance. I stay too long by thee; I weary thee. Shak. 3. To harass by anything irksome. I would not cease To weary him with my assiduous cries. Milton. To weary out, to subdue or exhaust by fatigue. Syn. -- To jade; tire; fatigue; fag. See Jade. Weary Wea"ry, v. i. To grow tired; to become exhausted or impatient; as, to weary of an undertaking. Weasand Wea"sand (?), n. [OE. wesand, AS. w\'besend; akin to OFries. w\'besende, w\'besande; cf. OHG. weisunt.] The windpipe; -- called also, formerly, wesil. [Formerly, written also, wesand, and wezand.] Cut his weasand with thy knife. Shak. Weasel Wea"sel (?), n. [OE. wesele, AS. wesle; akin to D. wezel, G. wiesel, OHG. wisala, Icel. hreyiv\'c6sla, Dan. v\'84sel, Sw. vessla; of uncertain origin; cf. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of various species of small carnivores belonging to the genus Putorius, as the ermine and ferret. They have a slender, elongated body, and are noted for the quickness of their movements and for their bloodthirsty habit in destroying poultry, rats, etc. The ermine and some other species are brown in summer, and turn white in winter; others are brown at all seasons. Malacca weasel, the rasse. -- Weasel coot, a female or young male of the smew; -- so called from the resemblance of the head to that of a weasel. Called also weasel duck. -- Weasel lemur, a short-tailed lemur (Lepilemur mustelinus). It is reddish brown above, grayish brown below, with the throat white. Weasel-faced Wea"sel-faced` (?), a. Having a thin, sharp face, like a weasel. Weaser Wea"ser (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The American merganser; -- called also weaser sheldrake. [Local, U. S.] Weasiness Wea"si*ness (?), n. Quality or state of being weasy; full feeding; sensual indulgence. [Obs.] Joye. Weasy Wea"sy (?), a. [Cf. Weasand.] Given to sensual indulgence; gluttonous. [Obs.] Joye. Weather Weath"er (?), n. [OE. weder, AS. weder; akin to OS. wedar, OFries. weder, D. weder, we\'88r, G. wetter, OHG. wetar, Icel. ve&edh;r, Dan. veir, Sw. v\'84der wind, air, weather, and perhaps to OSlav. vedro fair weather; or perhaps to Lith. vetra storm, Russ. vieter', vietr', wind, and E. wind. Cf. Wither.] 1. The state of the air or atmosphere with respect to heat or cold, wetness or dryness, calm or storm, clearness or cloudiness, or any other meteorological phenomena; meteorological condition of the atmosphere; as, warm weather; cold weather; wet weather; dry weather, etc. Not amiss to cool a man's stomach this hot weather. Shak. Fair weather cometh out of the north. Job xxxvii. 22. 2. Vicissitude of season; meteorological change; alternation of the state of the air. Bacon. 3. Storm; tempest. What gusts of weather from that gathering cloud My thoughts presage! Dryden. 4. A light rain; a shower. [Obs.] Wyclif. Stress of weather, violent winds; force of tempests. -- To make fair weather, to flatter; to give flattering representations. [R.] -- To make good, OR bad, weather (Naut.), to endure a gale well or ill; -- said of a vessel. Shak. -- Under the weather, ill; also, financially embarrassed. [Colloq. U. S.] Bartlett. -- Weather box. Same as Weather house, below. Thackeray. -- Weather breeder, a fine day which is supposed to presage foul weather. -- Weather bureau, a popular name for the signal service. See Signal service, under Signal, a. [U.S.] -- Weather cloth (Naut.), a long piece of canvas of tarpaulin used to preserve the hammocks from injury by the weather when stowed in the nettings. -- Weather door. (Mining) See Trapdoor, 2. -- Weather gall. Same as Water gall, 2. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. -- Weather house, a mechanical contrivance in the form of a house, which indicates changes in atmospheric conditions by the appearance or retirement of toy images. Peace to the artist whose ingenious thought Devised the weather house, that useful toy! Cowper. -- Weather molding, OR Weather moulding (Arch.), a canopy or cornice over a door or a window, to throw off the rain. -- Weather of a windmill sail, the obliquity of the sail, or the angle which it makes with its plane of revolution. -- Weather report, a daily report of meteorological observations, and of probable changes in the weather; esp., one published by government authority. -- Weather spy, a stargazer; one who foretells the weather. [R.] Donne. -- Weather strip (Arch.), a strip of wood, rubber, or other material, applied to an outer door or window so as to cover the joint made by it with the sill, casings, or threshold, in order to exclude rain, snow, cold air, etc. Weather Weath"er (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Weathered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Weathering.] 1. To expose to the air; to air; to season by exposure to air. [An eagle] soaring through his wide empire of the air To weather his broad sails. Spenser. This gear lacks weathering. Latimer. 2. Hence, to sustain the trying effect of; to bear up against and overcome; to sustain; to endure; to resist; as, to weather the storm. For I can weather the roughest gale. Longfellow. You will weather the difficulties yet. F. W. Robertson. 3. (Naut.) To sail or pass to the windward of; as, to weather a cape; to weather another ship. 4. (Falconry) To place (a hawk) unhooded in the open air. Encyc. Brit. To weather a point. (a) (Naut.) To pass a point of land, leaving it on the lee side. (b) Hence, to gain or accomplish anything against opposition. -- To weather out, to encounter successfully, though with difficulty; as, to weather out a storm. Weather Weath"er, v. i. To undergo or endure the action of the atmosphere; to suffer meteorological influences; sometimes, to wear away, or alter, under atmospheric influences; to suffer waste by weather. The organisms . . . seem indestructible, while the hard matrix in which they are imbedded has weathered from around them. H. Miller. Weather Weath"er, a. (Naut.) Being toward the wind, or windward -- opposed to lee; as, weather bow, weather braces, weather gauge, weather lifts, weather quarter, weather shrouds, etc. Weather gauge. (a) (Naut.) The position of a ship to the windward of another. (b) Fig.: A position of advantage or superiority; advantage in position. To veer, and tack, and steer a cause Against the weather gauge of laws. Hudibras. -- Weather helm (Naut.), a tendency on the part of a sailing vessel to come up into the wind, rendering it necessary to put the helm up, that is, toward the weather side. -- Weather shore (Naut.), the shore to the windward of a ship. Totten. -- Weather tide (Naut.), the tide which sets against the lee side of a ship, impelling her to the windward. Mar. Dict. Weather-beaten Weath"er-beat`en (?), a. Beaten or harassed by the weather; worn by exposure to the weather, especially to severe weather. Shak. Weather-bit Weath"er-bit` (?), n. (Naut.) A turn of the cable about the end of the windlass, without the bits. Weatherbit Weath"er*bit`, v. t. (Naut.) To take another turn with, as a cable around a windlass. Totten. Weather-bitten Weath"er-bit`ten (?), a. Eaten into, defaced, or worn, by exposure to the weather. Coleridge. Weatherboard Weath"er*board` (?), n. 1. (Naut.) (a) That side of a vessel which is toward the wind; the windward side. (b) A piece of plank placed in a porthole, or other opening, to keep out water. 2. (a) (Arch.) A board extending from the ridge to the eaves along the slope of the gable, and forming a close junction between the shingling of a roof and the side of the building beneath. (b) A clapboard or feather-edged board used in weatherboarding. Weather-board Weath"er-board`, v. t. (Arch.) To nail boards upon so as to lap one over another, in order to exclude rain, snow, etc. Gwilt. Weatherboarding Weath"er*board`ing, n. (Arch.) (a) The covering or siding of a building, formed of boards lapping over one another, to exclude rain, snow, etc. (b) Boards adapted or intended for such use. Weather-bound Weath"er-bound` (?), a. Kept in port or at anchor by storms; delayed by bad weather; as, a weather-bound vessel. Weathercock Weath"er*cock` (?), n. 1. A vane, or weather vane; -- so called because originally often in the figure of a cock, turning on the top of a spire with the wind, and showing its direction. "As a wedercok that turneth his face with every wind." Chaucer. Noisy weathercocks rattled and sang of mutation. Longfellow. 2. Hence, any thing or person that turns easily and frequently; one who veers with every change of current opinion; a fickle, inconstant person. Weathercock Weath"er*cock`, v. t. To supply with a weathercock; to serve as a weathercock for. Whose blazing wyvern weathercock the spire. Tennyson. Weather-driven Weath"er-driv`en (?), a. Driven by winds or storms; forced by stress of weather. Carew. Weathered Weath"ered (?), a. 1. (Arch.) Made sloping, so as to throw off water; as, a weathered cornice or window sill. 2. (Geol.) Having the surface altered in color, texture, or composition, or the edges rounded off by exposure to the elements. Weather-fend Weath"er-fend` (?), v. t. To defend from the weather; to shelter. Shak. [We] barked the white spruce to weather-fend the roof. Emerson. Weatherglass Weath"er*glass` (?), n. An instrument to indicate the state of the atmosphere, especially changes of atmospheric pressure, and hence changes of weather, as a barometer or baroscope. Poor man's weatherglass. (Bot.) See under Poor. Weathering Weath"er*ing, n. (Geol.) The action of the elements on a rock in altering its color, texture, or composition, or in rounding off its edges. Weatherliness Weath"er*li*ness (?), n. (Naut.) The quality of being weatherly. Weatherly Weath"er*ly, a. (Naut.) Working, or able to sail, close to the wind; as, a weatherly ship. Cooper. Weathermost Weath"er*most` (?), a. (Naut.) Being farthest to the windward. Weatherproof Weath"er*proof` (?), a. Proof against rough weather. Weatherwise Weath"er*wise` (?), a. Skillful in forecasting the changes of the weather. Hakluyt. Weatherwiser Weath"er*wis`er (?), n. [Cf. Waywiser.] Something that foreshows the weather. [Obs.] Derham. Weatherworn Weath"er*worn` (?), a. Worn by the action of, or by exposure to, the weather. Weave Weave (?), v. t. [imp. Wove (?); p. p. Woven (?), Wove; p. pr. & vb. n. Weaving. The regular imp. & p. p. Weaved (, is rarely used.] [OE. weven, AS. wefan; akin to D. weven, G. weben, OHG. weban, Icel. vefa, Sw. v\'84fva, Dan. v\'91ve, Gr. spider, lit., wool weaver. Cf. Waper, Waffle, Web, Weevil, Weft, Woof.] 1. To unite, as threads of any kind, in such a manner as to form a texture; to entwine or interlace into a fabric; as, to weave wool, silk, etc.; hence, to unite by close connection or intermixture; to unite intimately. This weaves itself, perforce, into my business. Shak. That in their green shops weave the smooth-haired silk To deck her sons. Milton. And for these words, thus woven into song. Byron. 2. To form, as cloth, by interlacing threads; to compose, as a texture of any kind, by putting together textile materials; as, to weave broadcloth; to weave a carpet; hence, to form into a fabric; to compose; to fabricate; as, to weave the plot of a story. When she weaved the sleided silk. Shak. Her starry wreaths the virgin jasmin weaves. Ld. Lytton. Weave Weave, v. i. 1. To practice weaving; to work with a loom. 2. To become woven or interwoven. Weave Weave, n. A particular method or pattern of weaving; as, the cassimere weave. Weaver Weav"er (?), n. 1. One who weaves, or whose occupation is to weave. "Weavers of linen." P. Plowman. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A weaver bird. 3. (Zo\'94l.) An aquatic beetle of the genus Gyrinus. See Whirling. Weaver bird (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of Asiatic, Fast Indian, and African birds belonging to Ploceus and allied genera of the family Ploceid\'91. Weaver birds resemble finches and sparrows in size, colors, and shape of the bill. They construct pensile nests composed of interlaced grass and other similar materials. In some of the species the nest is retort-shaped, with the opening at the bottom of the tube. -- Weavers' shuttle (Zo\'94l.), an East Indian marine univalve shell (Radius volva); -- so called from its shape. See Illust. of Shuttle shell, under Shuttle. Weaverfish Weav"er*fish` (?), n. [See Weever.] (Zo\'94l.) See Weever. Weaving Weav"ing, n. 1. The act of one who, or that which, weaves; the act or art of forming cloth in a loom by the union or intertexture of threads. 2. (Far.) An incessant motion of a horse's head, neck, and body, from side to side, fancied to resemble the motion of a hand weaver in throwing the shuttle. Youatt. Weazand Wea"zand (?), n. See Weasand. [Obs.] Weazen Wea"zen (?), a. [See Wizen.] Thin; sharp; withered; wizened; as, a weazen face. They were weazen and shriveled. Dickens. Weazeny Wea"zen*y (?), a. Somewhat weazen; shriveled. [Colloq.] "Weazeny, baked pears." Lowell. Web Web (?), n. [OE. webbe, AS. webba. See Weave.] A weaver. [Obs.] Chaucer. Web Web, n. [OE. web, AS. webb; akin to D. web, webbe, OHG. weppi, G. gewebe, Icel. vefr, Sw. v\'84f, Dan. v\'91v. See Weave.] 1. That which is woven; a texture; textile fabric; esp., something woven in a loom. Penelope, for her Ulysses' sake, Devised a web her wooers to deceive. Spenser. Not web might be woven, not a shuttle thrown, or penalty of exile. Bancroft. 2. A whole piece of linen cloth as woven. 3. The texture of very fine thread spun by a spider for catching insects at its prey; a cobweb. "The smallest spider's web." Shak. 4. Fig.: Tissue; texture; complicated fabrication. The somber spirit of our forefathers, who wove their web of life with hardly a . . . thread of rose-color or gold. Hawthorne. Such has been the perplexing ingenuity of commentators that it is difficult to extricate the truth from the web of conjectures. W. Irving. 5. (Carriages) A band of webbing used to regulate the extension of the hood. 6. A thin metal sheet, plate, or strip, as of lead. And Christians slain roll up in webs of lead. Fairfax. Specifically: - (a) The blade of a sword. [Obs.] The sword, whereof the web was steel, Pommel rich stone, hilt gold. Fairfax. (b) The blade of a saw. (c) The thin, sharp part of a colter. (d) The bit of a key. 7. (Mach. & Engin.) A plate or thin portion, continuous or perforated, connecting stiffening ribs or flanges, or other parts of an object. Specifically: -- (a) The thin vertical plate or portion connecting the upper and lower flanges of an lower flanges of an iron girder, rolled beam, or railroad rail. (b) A disk or solid construction serving, instead of spokes, for connecting the rim and hub, in some kinds of car wheels, sheaves, etc. (c) The arm of a crank between the shaft and the wrist. (d) The part of a blackmith's anvil between the face and the foot. 8. (Med.) Pterygium; -- called also webeye. Shak. 9. (Anat.) The membrane which unites the fingers or toes, either at their bases, as in man, or for a greater part of their length, as in many water birds and amphibians. 10. (Zo\'94l.) The series of barbs implanted on each side of the shaft of a feather, whether stiff and united together by barbules, as in ordinary feathers, or soft and separate, as in downy feathers. See Feather. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1638 Pin and web (Med.), two diseases of the eye, caligo and pterygium; -- sometimes wrongly explained as one disease. See Pin, n., 8, and Web, n., 8. "He never yet had pinne or webbe, his sight for to decay." Gascoigne. -- Web member (Engin.), one of the braces in a web system. -- Web press, a printing press which takes paper from a roll instead of being fed with sheets. -- Web system (Engin.), the system of braces connecting the flanges of a lattice girder, post, or the like. Web Web (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Webbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Webbing.] To unite or surround with a web, or as if with a web; to envelop; to entangle. Webbed Webbed (?), a. 1. Provided with a web. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Having the toes united by a membrane, or web; as, the webbed feet of aquatic fowls. Webber Web"ber (?), n. One who forms webs; a weaver; a webster. [Obs.] Webbing Web"bing (?), n. A woven band of cotton or flax, used for reins, girths, bed bottoms, etc. Webby Web"by (?), a. Of or pertaining to a web or webs; like a web; filled or covered with webs. Bats on their webby wings in darkness move. Crabbe. Weber We"ber (?), n. [From the name of Professor Weber, a German electrician.] (Elec.) The standard unit of electrical quantity, and also of current. See Coulomb, and Amp. [Obs.] Webeye Web"eye` (?), n. (Med.) See Web, n., 8. Web-fingered Web"-fin`gered (?), a. Having the fingers united by a web for a considerable part of their length. Webfoot Web"foot` (?), n.; pl. Webfeet (. 1. A foot the toes of which are connected by a membrane. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any web-footed bird. Web-footed Web"-foot`ed, a. Having webbed feet; palmiped; as, a goose or a duck is a web-footed fowl. Webster Web"ster (?), n. [AS. webbestre. See Web, Weave, and -ster.] A weaver; originally, a female weaver. [Obs.] Brathwait. Websterite Web"ster*ite (?), n. [So named after Webster, the geologist.] (Min.) A hydrous sulphate of alumina occurring in white reniform masses. Web-toed Web"-toed` (?), a. Having the toes united by a web for a considerable part of their length. Webform Web"form` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of various species of moths whose gregarious larv\'91 eat the leaves of trees, and construct a large web to which they retreat when not feeding. NOTE: &hand; Th e mo st de structive we bworms belong to the family Bombycid\'91, as the fall webworm (Hyphantria textor), which feeds on various fruit and forest trees, and the common tent caterpillar, which feeds on various fruit trees (see Tent caterpillar, under Tent.) The grapevine webworm is the larva of a geometrid moth (see Vine inchworm, under Vine). Wed Wed (w&ecr;d), n. [AS. wedd; akin to OFries. wed, OD. wedde, OHG, wetti, G. wette a wager, Icel. ve&edh; a pledge, Sw. vad a wager, an appeal, Goth. wadi a pledge, Lith. vaduti to redeem (a pledge), LL. vadium, L. vas, vadis, bail, security, vadimonium security, and Gr. Athlete, Gage a pledge, Wage.] A pledge; a pawn. [Obs.] Gower. Piers Plowman. Let him be ware, his neck lieth to wed [i. e., for a security]. Chaucer. Wed Wed, v. t. [imp. Wedded; p. p. Wedded or Wed; p. pr. & vb. n. Wedding.] [OE. wedden, AS. weddian to covenant, promise, to wed, marry; akin to OFries. weddia to promise, D. wedden to wager, to bet, G. wetten, Icel. ve&edh;ja, Dan. vedde, Sw. v\'84dja to appeal, Goth. gawadj&omac;n to betroth. See Wed, n.] 1. To take for husband or for wife by a formal ceremony; to marry; to espouse. With this ring I thee wed. Bk. of Com. Prayer. I saw thee first, and wedded thee. Milton. 2. To join in marriage; to give in wedlock. And Adam, wedded to another Eve, Shall live with her. Milton. 3. Fig.: To unite as if by the affections or the bond of marriage; to attach firmly or indissolubly. Thou art wedded to calamity. Shak. Men are wedded to their lusts. Tillotson. [Flowers] are wedded thus, like beauty to old age. Cowper. 4. To take to one's self and support; to espouse. [Obs.] They positively and concernedly wedded his cause. Clarendon. Wed Wed (?), v. i. To contact matrimony; to marry. "When I shall wed." Shak. Weddahs Wed"dahs (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) See Veddahs. Wedded Wed"ded (?), a. 1. Joined in wedlock; married. Let wwedded dame. Pope. 2. Of or pertaining to wedlock, or marriage. "Wedded love." Milton. Wedder Wed"der (?), n. See Wether. Sir W. Scott. Wedding Wed"ding (?), n. [AS. wedding.] Nuptial ceremony; nuptial festivities; marriage; nuptials. Simple and brief was the wedding, as that of Ruth and of Boaz. Longfellow. NOTE: &hand; Ce rtain an niversaries of an unbroken marriage have received fanciful, and more or less appropriate, names. Thus, the fifth anniversary is called the wooden wedding; the tenth, the tin wedding; the fifteenth, the crystal wedding; the twentieth, the china wedding; the twenty-fifth, the silver wedding; the fiftieth, the golden wedding; the sixtieth, the diamond wedding. These anniversaries are often celebrated by appropriate presents of wood, tin, china, silver, gold, etc., given by friends. NOTE: &hand; We dding is often used adjectively; as, wedding cake, wedding cards, wedding clothes, wedding day, wedding feast, wedding guest, wedding ring, etc. Let her beauty be her wedding dower. Shak. Wedding favor, a marriage favor. See under Marriage. Weder Wed"er (?), n. Weather. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wedge Wedge (?), n. [OE. wegge, AS. wecg; akin to D. wig, wigge, OHG. wecki, G. weck a (wedge-shaped) loaf, Icel. veggr, Dan. v\'91gge, Sw. vigg, and probably to Lith. vagis a peg. Cf. Wigg.] 1. A piece of metal, or other hard material, thick at one end, and tapering to a thin edge at the other, used in splitting wood, rocks, etc., in raising heavy bodies, and the like. It is one of the six elementary machines called the mechanical powers. See Illust. of Mechanical powers, under Mechanical. 2. (Geom.) A solid of five sides, having a rectangular base, two rectangular or trapezoidal sides meeting in an edge, and two triangular ends. 3. A mass of metal, especially when of a wedgelike form. "Wedges of gold." Shak. 4. Anything in the form of a wedge, as a body of troops drawn up in such a form. In warlike muster they appear, In rhombs, and wedges, and half-moons, and wings. Milton. 5. The person whose name stands lowest on the list of the classical tripos; -- so called after a person (Wedgewood) who occupied this position on the first list of 1828. [Cant, Cambridge Univ., Eng.] C. A. Bristed. Fox wedge. (Mach. & Carpentry) See under Fox. -- Spherical wedge (Geom.), the portion of a sphere included between two planes which intersect in a diameter. Wedge Wedge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wedged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wedging.] 1. To cleave or separate with a wedge or wedges, or as with a wedge; to rive. "My heart, as wedged with a sigh, would rive in twain." Shak. 2. To force or drive as a wedge is driven. Among the crowd in the abbey where a finger Could not be wedged in more. Shak. He 's just the sort of man to wedge himself into a snug berth. Mrs. J. H. Ewing. 3. To force by crowding and pushing as a wedge does; as, to wedge one's way. Milton. 4. To press closely; to fix, or make fast, in the manner of a wedge that is driven into something. Wedged in the rocky shoals, and sticking fast. Dryden. 5. To fasten with a wedge, or with wedges; as, to wedge a scythe on the snath; to wedge a rail or a piece of timber in its place. 6. (Pottery) To cut, as clay, into wedgelike masses, and work by dashing together, in order to expel air bubbles, etc. Tomlinson. Wedgebill Wedge"bill` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An Australian crested insessorial bird (Sphenostoma cristatum) having a wedge-shaped bill. Its color is dull brown, like the earth of the plains where it lives. Wedge-formed Wedge"-formed` (?), a. Having the form of a wedge; cuneiform. Wedge-formed characters. See Arrow-headed characters, under Arrowheaded. Wedge-shaped Wedge"-shaped` (?), a. 1. Having the shape of a wedge; cuneiform. 2. (Bot.) Broad and truncate at the summit, and tapering down to the base; as, a wedge-shaped leaf. Wedge-shell Wedge"-shell` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small marine bivalves belonging to Donax and allied genera in which the shell is wedge-shaped. Wedge-tailed Wedge"-tailed" (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a tail which has the middle pair of feathers longest, the rest successively and decidedly shorter, and all more or less attenuate; -- said of certain birds. See Illust. of Wood hoopoe, under Wood. Wedge-tailed eagle, an Australian eagle (Aquila audax) which feeds on various small species of kangaroos, and on lambs; -- called also mountain eagle, bold eagle, and eagle hawk. -- Wedge-tailed gull, an arctic gull (Rhodostethia rosea) in which the plumage is tinged with rose; -- called also Ross's gull. Wedgewise Wedge"wise` (?), adv. In the manner of a wedge. Wedgwood ware Wedg"wood` ware` (?). [From the name of the inventor, Josiah Wedgwood, of England.] A kind of fine pottery, the most remarkable being what is called jasper, either white, or colored throughout the body, and capable of being molded into the most delicate forms, so that fine and minute bas-reliefs like cameos were made of it, fit even for being set as jewels. Wedgy Wedg"y (?), a. Like a wedge; wedge-shaped. Wedlock Wed"lock (?), n. [AS. wedl\'bec a pledge, be trothal; wedd a pledge + l\'bec a gift, an offering. See Wed, n., and cf. Lake, v. i., Knowledge.] 1. The ceremony, or the state, of marriage; matrimony. "That blissful yoke . . . that men clepeth [call] spousal, or wedlock." Chaucer. For what is wedlock forced but a hell, An age of discord or continual strife? Shak. 2. A wife; a married woman. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Syn. -- See Marriage. Wedlock Wed"lock, v. t. To marry; to unite in marriage; to wed. [R.] "Man thus wedlocked." Milton. Wednesday Wednes"day (?; 48), n. [OE. wednesdai, wodnesdei, AS. W&omac;dnes d\'91g, i. e., Woden's day (a translation of L. dies Mercurii); fr. W&omac;den the highest god of the Teutonic peoples, but identified with the Roman god Mercury; akin to OS. W&omac;dan, OHG. Wuotan, Icel. O&edh;inn, D. woensdag Wednesday, Icel. &omac;&edh;insdagr, Dan. & Sw. onsdag. See Day, and cf. Woden, Wood, a.] The fourth day of the week; the next day after Tuesday. Ash Wednesday. See in the Vocabulary. Wee Wee (?), n. [OE. we a bit, in a little we, probably originally meaning, a little way, the word we for wei being later taken as synonymous with little. See Way.] A little; a bit, as of space, time, or distance. [Obs. or Scot.] Wee Wee, a. Very small; little. [Colloq. & Scot.] A little wee face, with a little yellow beard. Shak. Weech-elm Weech"-elm` (?), n. (Bot.) The wych-elm. [Obs.] Bacon. Weed Weed (?), n. [OE. wede, AS. w, w; akin to OS. w\'bedi, giw\'bedi, OFries, w, w, OD. wade, OHG. w\'bet, Icel. v\'be, Zend vadh to clothe.] 1. A garment; clothing; especially, an upper or outer garment. "Lowweeds ." Spenser. "Woman's weeds." Shak. "This beggar woman's weed." Tennyson. He on his bed sat, the soft weeds he wore Put off. Chapman. 2. An article of dress worn in token of grief; a mourning garment or badge; as, he wore a weed on his hat; especially, in the plural, mourning garb, as of a woman; as, a widow's weeds. In a mourning weed, with ashes upon her head, and tears abundantly flowing. Milton. Weed Weed, n. A sudden illness or relapse, often attended with fever, which attacks women in childbed. [Scot.] Weed Weed, n. [OE. weed, weod, AS. we\'a2d, wi\'a2d, akin to OS. wiod, LG. woden the stalks and leaves of vegetables D. wieden to weed, OS. wiod&omac;n.] 1. Underbrush; low shrubs. [Obs. or Archaic] One rushing forth out of the thickest weed. Spenser. A wild and wanton pard . . . Crouched fawning in the weed. Tennyson. 2. Any plant growing in cultivated ground to the injury of the crop or desired vegetation, or to the disfigurement of the place; an unsightly, useless, or injurious plant. Too much manuring filled that field with weeds. Denham. NOTE: &hand; The word has no definite application to any particular plant, or species of plants. Whatever plants grow among corn or grass, in hedges, or elsewhere, and are useless to man, injurious to crops, or unsightly or out of place, are denominated weeds. 3. Fig.: Something unprofitable or troublesome; anything useless. 4. (Stock Breeding) An animal unfit to breed from. 5. Tobacco, or a cigar. [Slang] Weed hook, a hook used for cutting away or extirpating weeds. Tusser. Weed Weed, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Weeded; p. pr. & vb. n. Weeding.] [AS. we\'a2dian. See 3d Weed.] 1. To free from noxious plants; to clear of weeds; as, to weed corn or onions; to weed a garden. 2. To take away, as noxious plants; to remove, as something hurtful; to extirpate. "Weed up thyme." Shak. Wise fathers . . . weeding from their children ill things. Ascham. Revenge is a kind of wild justice, which the more man's nature runs to, the more ought law to weed it out. Bacon. 3. To free from anything hurtful or offensive. He weeded the kingdom of such as were devoted to Elaiana. Howell. 4. (Stock Breeding) To reject as unfit for breeding purposes. Weeder Weed"er (?), n. One who, or that which, weeds, or frees from anything noxious. Weedery Weed"er*y (?), n. Weeds, collectively; also, a place full of weeds or for growing weeds. [R.] Dr. H. More. Weeding Weed"ing, a. & n. from Weed, v. Weeding chisel, a tool with a divided chisel-like end, for cutting the roots of large weeds under ground. -- Weeding forceps, an instrument for taking up some sorts of plants in weeding. -- Weeding fork, a strong, three-pronged fork, used in clearing ground of weeds; -- called also weeding iron. -- Weeding hook. Same as Weed hook, under 3d Weed. -- Weeding iron. See Weeding fork, above. -- Weeding tongs. Same as Weeding forceps, above. Weeding-rhim Weed"ing-rhim` (?), n. [Cf. Prov. E. rim to remove.] A kind of implement used for tearing up weeds esp. on summer fallows. [Prov. Eng.] Weedless Weed"less, a. Free from weeds or noxious matter. Weedy Weed"y (?), a. [Compar. Weedier (?); superl. Weediest.] 1. Of or pertaining to weeds; consisting of weeds. "Weedy trophies." Shak. 2. Abounding with weeds; as, weedy grounds; a weedy garden; weedy corn. See from the weedy earth a rivulet break. Bryant. 3. Scraggy; ill-shaped; ungainly; -- said of colts or horses, and also of persons. [Colloq.] Weedy Weed"y, a. Dressed in weeds, or mourning garments. [R. or Colloq.] She was as weedy as in the early days of her mourning. Dickens. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1639 Week Week (?), n. [OE. weke, wike, woke, wuke AS. weocu, wicu, wucu; akin to OS. wika, OFries. wike, D. week, G. woche, OHG. wohha, wehha, Icel. vika, Sw. vecka, Dan. uge, Goth. wik, probably originally meaning, a succession or change, and akin to G. wechsel change, L. vicis turn, alternation, and E. weak. Cf. Weak.] A period of seven days, usually that reckoned from one Sabbath or Sunday to the next. I fast twice in the week. Luke xviii. 12. NOTE: &hand; Although it [the week] did not enter into the calendar of the Greeks, and was not introduced at Rome till after the reign of Theodesius, it has been employed from time immemorial in almost all Eastern countries. Encyc. Brit. Feast of Weeks. See Pentecost, 1. -- Prophetic week, a week of years, or seven years. Dan. ix. 24. -- Week day. See under Day. Weekly Week"ly (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to a week, or week days; as, weekly labor. 2. Coming, happening, or done once a week; hebdomadary; as, a weekly payment; a weekly gazette. Weekly Week"ly, n.; pl. Weeklies (. A publication issued once in seven days, or appearing once a week. Weekly Week"ly, adv. Once a week; by hebdomadal periods; as, each performs service weekly. Weekwam Week"wam (?), n. See Wigwam. [R.] Weel Weel (?), a. & adv. Well. [Obs. or Scot.] Weel Weel, n. [AS. w\'d6l. \'fb147.] A whirlpool. [Obs.] Weel, Weely Weel (?), Weel"y (?),[Prov. E. weel, weal, a wicker basket to catch eels; prob. akin to willow, and so called as made of willow twigs.] A kind of trap or snare for fish, made of twigs. [Obs.] Carew. Ween Ween (?), v. i. [OE. wenen, AS. w, fr. w hope, expectation, opinion; akin to D. waan, OFries. w, OS. & OHG. w\'ben, G. wahn delusion, Icel. v\'ben hope, expectation, Goth. w, and D. wanen to fancy, G. w\'84hnen, Icel. v\'bena to hope, Goth. w, and perhaps to E. winsome, wish.] To think; to imagine; to fancy. [Obs. or Poetic] Spenser. Milton. I have lost more than thou wenest. Chaucer. For well I ween, Never before in the bowers of light Had the form of an earthly fay been seen. J. R. Drake. Though never a dream the roses sent Of science or love's compliment, I ween they smelt as sweet. Mrs. Browning. Weep Weep (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The lapwing; the wipe; -- so called from its cry. Weep Weep, obs. imp. of Weep, for wept. Chaucer. Weep Weep, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wept (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Weeping.] [OE. wepen, AS. w, from w lamentation; akin to OFries. w to lament, OS. w lamentation, OHG. wuof, Icel. a shouting, crying, OS. w to lament, OHG. wuoffan, wuoffen, Icel. , Goth. w. 1. Formerly, to express sorrow, grief, or anguish, by outcry, or by other manifest signs; in modern use, to show grief or other passions by shedding tears; to shed tears; to cry. And they all wept sore, and fell on Paul's neck. Acts xx. 37. Phocion was rarely seen to weep or to laugh. Mitford. And eyes that wake to weep. Mrs. Hemans. And they wept together in silence. Longfellow. 2. To lament; to complain. "They weep unto me, saying, Give us flesh, that we may eat." Num. xi. 13. 3. To flow in drops; to run in drops. The blood weeps from my heart. Shak. 4. To drop water, or the like; to drip; to be soaked. 5. To hang the branches, as if in sorrow; to be pendent; to droop; -- said of a plant or its branches. Weep Weep, v. t. 1. To lament; to bewail; to bemoan. "I weep bitterly the dead." A. S. Hardy. We wandering go Through dreary wastes, and weep each other's woe. Pope. 2. To shed, or pour forth, as tears; to shed drop by drop, as if tears; as, to weep tears of joy. Tears, such as angels weep, burst forth. Milton. Groves whose rich trees wept odorous gums and balm. Milton. Weeper Weep"er (?), n. 1. One who weeps; esp., one who sheds tears. 2. A white band or border worn on the sleeve as a badge of mourning. Goldsmith. 3. (Zo\'94l.) The capuchin. See Capuchin, 3 (a). Weepful Weep"ful (?), a. Full of weeping or lamentation; grieving. [Obs.] Wyclif. Weeping Weep"ing, n. The act of one who weeps; lamentation with tears; shedding of tears. Weeping Weep"ing, a. 1. Grieving; lamenting; shedding tears. "Weeping eyes." I. Watts. 2. Discharging water, or other liquid, in drops or very slowly; surcharged with water. "Weeping grounds." Mortimer. 3. Having slender, pendent branches; -- said of trees; as, weeping willow; a weeping ash. 4. Pertaining to lamentation, or those who weep. Weeping cross, a cross erected on or by the highway, especially for the devotions of penitents; hence, to return by the weeping cross, to return from some undertaking in humiliation or penitence. -- Weeping rock, a porous rock from which water gradually issues. -- Weeping sinew, a ganglion. See Ganglion, n., 2. [Colloq.] -- Weeping spring, a spring that discharges water slowly. -- Weeping willow (Bot.), a species of willow (Salix Babylonica) whose branches grow very long and slender, and hang down almost perpendicularly. <-- Illustr. of Weeping willow. --> Weepingly Weep"ing*ly (?), adv. In a weeping manner. Weeping-ripe Weep"ing-ripe` (?), a. Ripe for weeping; ready to weep. [Obs.] Shak. Weerish Weer"ish (?), a. See Wearish. [Obs.] Weesel Wee"sel (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Weasel. Weet Weet (?), a. & n. Wet. [Obs.] Chaucer. Weet Weet, v. i. [imp. Wot (?).] [See Wit to know.] To know; to wit. [Obs.] Tyndale. Spenser. Weet-bird Weet"-bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The wryneck; -- so called from its cry. [Prov. Eng.] Weetingly Weet"ing*ly, adv. Knowingly. [Obs.] Spenser. Weetless Weet"less, a. Unknowing; also, unknown; unmeaning. [Obs.] Spenser. Weet-weet Weet"-weet` (?), n. [So called from its piping cry when disturbed.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The common European sandpiper. (b) The chaffinch. [Prov. Eng.] Weever Wee"ver (?), n. [Probably from F. vive, OF. vivre, a kind of fish, L. vipera viper. Cf. Viper.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of edible marine fishes belonging to the genus Trachinus, of the family Trachinid\'91. They have a broad spinose head, with the eyes looking upward. The long dorsal fin is supported by numerous strong, sharp spines which cause painful wounds. <-- Illustr. of Great weever (Trachinus draco) --> NOTE: &hand; Th e tw o Br itish sp ecies are the great, or greater, weever (Trachinus draco), which becomes a foot long (called also gowdie, sea cat, stingbull, and weaverfish), and the lesser weever (T. vipera), about half as large (called also otter pike, and stingfish). Weevil Wee"vil (?), n. [OE. wivel, wevil, AS. wifel, wibil; akin to OD. wevel, OHG. wibil, wibel, G. wiebel, wibel, and probably to Lith. vabalas beetle, and E. weave. See Weave.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of snout beetles, or Rhynchophora, in which the head is elongated and usually curved downward. Many of the species are very injurious to cultivated plants. The larv\'91 of some of the species live in nuts, fruit, and grain by eating out the interior, as the plum weevil, or curculio, the nut weevils, and the grain weevil (see under Plum, Nut, and Grain). The larv\'91 of other species bore under the bark and into the pith of trees and various other plants, as the pine weevils (see under Pine). See also Pea weevil, Rice weevil, Seed weevil, under Pea, Rice, and Seed. Weeviled Wee"viled (?), a. Infested by weevils; as, weeviled grain. [Written also weevilled.] Weevily Wee"vil*y (?), a. Having weevils; weeviled. [Written also weevilly.] Weezel Wee"zel (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Weasel. Weft Weft (?), obs. imp. & p. p. of Wave. Weft Weft, n. [Cf. Waif.] A thing waved, waived, or cast away; a waif. [Obs.] "A forlorn weft." Spenser. Weft Weft, n. [AS. weft, wefta, fr. wefan, to weave. See Weave.] 1. The woof of cloth; the threads that cross the warp from selvage to selvage; the thread carried by the shuttle in weaving. 2. A web; a thing woven. Weftage Weft"age (?), n. Texture. [Obs.] Grew. Wegotism We"go*tism (?), n. [From we, in imitation of egotism.] Excessive use of the pronoun we; -- called also weism. [Colloq. or Cant] Wehrgeld, Wehrgelt Wehr"geld` (?), Wehr"gelt` (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) See Weregild. Wehrwolf Wehr"wolf` (?), n. See Werewolf. Weigela, Weigelia Wei"gel*a (?), Wei*ge"li*a (?), n. [NL. So named after C. E. Weigel, a German naturalist.] (Bot.) A hardy garden shrub (Diervilla Japonica) belonging to the Honeysuckle family, with withe or red flowers. It was introduced from China. Weigh Weigh (?), n. (Naut.) A corruption of Way, used only in the phrase under weigh. An expedition was got under weigh from New York. Thackeray. The Athenians . . . hurried on board and with considerable difficulty got under weigh. Jowett (Thucyd.). Weigh Weigh, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Weighed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Weighing.] [OE. weien, weyen, weghen, AS. wegan to bear, move; akin to D. wegen to weigh, G. w\'84gen, wiegen, to weigh, bewegen to move, OHG. wegan, Icel. vega to move, carry, lift, weigh, Sw. v\'84ga to weigh, Dan. veie, Goth. gawigan to shake, L. vehere to carry, Skr. vah. Way, and cf. Wey.] 1. To bear up; to raise; to lift into the air; to swing up; as, to weigh anchor. "Weigh the vessel up." Cowper. 2. To examine by the balance; to ascertain the weight of, that is, the force with which a thing tends to the center of the earth; to determine the heaviness, or quantity of matter of; as, to weigh sugar; to weigh gold. Thou art weighed in the balances, and art found wanting. Dan. v. 27. 3. To be equivalent to in weight; to counterbalance; to have the heaviness of. "A body weighing divers ounces." Boyle. 4. To pay, allot, take, or give by weight. They weighed for my price thirty pieces of silver. Zech. xi. 12. 5. To examine or test as if by the balance; to ponder in the mind; to consider or examine for the purpose of forming an opinion or coming to a conclusion; to estimate deliberately and maturely; to balance. A young man not weighed in state affairs. Bacon. Had no better weighed The strength he was to cope with, or his own. Milton. Regard not who it is which speaketh, but weigh only what is spoken. Hooker. In nice balance, truth with gold she weighs. Pope. Without sufficiently weighing his expressions. Sir W. Scott. 6. To consider as worthy of notice; to regard. [Obs. or Archaic] "I weigh not you." Shak. All that she so dear did weigh. Spenser. To weigh down. (a) To overbalance. (b) To oppress with weight; to overburden; to depress. "To weigh thy spirits down." Milton. Weigh Weigh (?), v. i. 1. To have weight; to be heavy. "They only weigh the heavier." Cowper. 2. To be considered as important; to have weight in the intellectual balance. Your vows to her and me . . . will even weigh. Shak. This objection ought to weigh with those whose reading is designed for much talk and little knowledge. Locke. 3. To bear heavily; to press hard. Cleanse the stuffed bosom of that perilous stuff Which weighs upon the heart. Shak. 4. To judge; to estimate. [R.] Could not weigh of worthiness aright. Spenser. To weigh down, to sink by its own weight. Weigh Weigh, n. [See Wey.] A certain quantity estimated by weight; an English measure of weight. See Wey. Weighable Weigh"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being weighed. Weighage Weigh"age (?; 48), n. A duty or toil paid for weighing merchandise. Bouvier. Weighbeam Weigh"beam` (?), n. A kind of large steelyard for weighing merchandise; -- also called weighmaster's beam. Weighboard Weigh"board` (?), n. (Mining) Clay intersecting a vein. Weale. Weighbridge Weigh"bridge` (?), n. A weighing machine on which loaded carts may be weighed; platform scales. Weigher Weigh"er (?), n. One who weighs; specifically, an officer whose duty it is to weigh commodities. Weighhouse Weigh"*house` (?), n.; pl. Weigh-houses (. A building at or within which goods, and the like, are weighed. Weighing Weigh"ing, a. & n. from Weigh, v. Weighing cage, a cage in which small living animals may be conveniently weighed. -- Weighing house. See Weigh-house. -- Weighing machine, any large machine or apparatus for weighing; especially, platform scales arranged for weighing heavy bodies, as loaded wagons. Weighlock Weigh"lock` (?), n. A lock, as on a canal, in which boats are weighed and their tonnage is settled. Weighmaster Weigh"mas`ter (?), n. One whose business it is to weigh ore, hay, merchandise, etc.; one licensed as a public weigher. Weight Weight (?), n. [OE. weght, wight, AS. gewiht; akin to D. gewigt, G. gewicht, Icel. v\'91tt, Sw. vigt, Dan. v\'91gt. See Weigh, v. t.] 1. The quality of being heavy; that property of bodies by which they tend toward the center of the earth; the effect of gravitative force, especially when expressed in certain units or standards, as pounds, grams, etc. NOTE: &hand; We ight di ffers fr om gr avity in being the effect of gravity, or the downward pressure of a body under the influence of gravity; hence, it constitutes a measure of the force of gravity, and being the resultant of all the forces exerted by gravity upon the different particles of the body, it is proportional to the quantity of matter in the body. 2. The quantity of heaviness; comparative tendency to the center of the earth; the quantity of matter as estimated by the balance, or expressed numerically with reference to some standard unit; as, a mass of stone having the weight of five hundred pounds. For sorrow, like a heavy-hanging bell, Once set on ringing, with his own weight goes. Shak. 3. Hence, pressure; burden; as, the weight of care or business. "The weight of this said time." Shak. For the public all this weight he bears. Milton. [He] who singly bore the world's sad weight. Keble. 4. Importance; power; influence; efficacy; consequence; moment; impressiveness; as, a consideration of vast weight. In such a point of weight, so near mine honor. Shak. 5. A scale, or graduated standard, of heaviness; a mode of estimating weight; as, avoirdupois weight; troy weight; apothecaries' weight. 6. A ponderous mass; something heavy; as, a clock weight; a paper weight. A man leapeth better with weights in his hands. Bacon. 7. A definite mass of iron, lead, brass, or other metal, to be used for ascertaining the weight of other bodies; as, an ounce weight. 8. (Mech.) The resistance against which a machine acts, as opposed to the power which moves it. [Obs.] Atomic weight. (Chem.) See under Atomic, and cf. Element. -- Dead weight, Feather weight, Heavy weight, Light weight, etc. See under Dead, Feather, etc. -- Weight of observation (Astron. & Physics), a number expressing the most probable relative value of each observation in determining the result of a series of observations of the same kind. Syn. -- Ponderousness; gravity; heaviness; pressure; burden; load; importance; power; influence; efficacy; consequence; moment; impressiveness. Weight Weight, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Weighted; p. pr. & vb. n. Weighting.] 1. To load with a weight or weights; to load down; to make heavy; to attach weights to; as, to weight a horse or a jockey at a race; to weight a whip handle. The arrows of satire, . . . weighted with sense. Coleridge. 2. (Astron. & Physics) To assign a weight to; to express by a number the probable accuracy of, as an observation. See Weight of observations, under Weight. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1640 Weightily Weight"i*ly (?), adv. In a weighty manner. Weightiness Weight"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being weighty; weight; force; importance; impressiveness. Weightless Weight"less, a. Having no weight; imponderable; hence, light. Shak. Weighty Weight"y (?), a. [Compar. Weightier (?); superl. Weightiest.] 1. Having weight; heavy; ponderous; as, a weighty body. 2. Adapted to turn the balance in the mind, or to convince; important; forcible; serious; momentous. "For sundry weighty reasons." Shak. Let me have your advice in a weighty affair. Swift. 3. Rigorous; severe; afflictive. [R.] "Attend our weightier judgment." Shak. Syn. -- Heavy; ponderous; burdensome; onerous; forcible; momentous; efficacious; impressive; cogent. Weir, Wear Weir (?), Wear, n. [OE. wer, AS. wer; akin to G. wehr, AS. werian to defend, protect, hinder, G. wehren, Goth. warjan; and perhaps to E. wary; or cf. Skr. vr to check, hinder. &root;142. Cf. Garret.] 1. A dam in a river to stop and raise the water, for the purpose of conducting it to a mill, forming a fish pond, or the like. 2. A fence of stakes, brushwood, or the like, set in a stream, tideway, or inlet of the sea, for taking fish. 3. A long notch with a horizontal edge, as in the top of a vertical plate or plank, through which water flows, -- used in measuring the quantity of flowing water. Weird Weird (?), n. [OE. wirde, werde, AS. wyrd fate, fortune, one of the Fates, fr. weor to be, to become; akin to OS. wurd fate, OHG. wurt, Icel. ur. Worth to become.] 1. Fate; destiny; one of the Fates, or Norns; also, a prediction. [Obs. or Scot.] 2. A spell or charm. [Obs. or Scot.] Sir W. Scott. Weird Weird, a. 1. Of or pertaining to fate; concerned with destiny. 2. Of or pertaining to witchcraft; caused by, or suggesting, magical influence; supernatural; unearthly; wild; as, a weird appearance, look, sound, etc. Myself too had weird seizures. Tennyson. Those sweet, low tones, that seemed like a weird incantation. Longfellow. Weird sisters, the Fates. [Scot.] G. Douglas. NOTE: &hand; Sh akespeare us es th e te rm for the three witches in Macbeth. The weird sisters, hand in hand, Posters of the sea and land. Shak. Weird Weird, v. t. To foretell the fate of; to predict; to destine to. [Scot.] Jamieson. Weirdness Weird"ness, n. The quality or state of being weird. Weism We"ism (?), n. Same as Wegotism. Weive Weive (?), v. t. See Waive. [Obs.] Gower. Weka We"ka (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A New Zealand rail (Ocydromus australis) which has wings so short as to be incapable of flight. Wekau We"kau (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small New Zealand owl (Sceloglaux albifacies). It has short wings and long legs, and lives chiefly on the ground. Wekeen We*keen" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The meadow pipit. [Prov. Eng.] Welaway Wel"a*way (?), interj. [OE. welaway, walaway, weilawey; wei wo! (Icel. vei) + la lo! (AS. l\'be) + wei wo!; cf. AS. w\'be l\'be w\'be. See Woe.] Alas! [Obs.] Then welaway, for she undone was clean. Wyatt. Wel-begone Wel"-be*gone` (?), a. [OE. wel-begon. See Well, and Begone.] Surrounded with happiness or prosperity. [Obs.] Fair and rich and young and wel-begone. Chaucer. Welch Welch (?), a. See Welsh. [R.] Welcher Welch"er (?), n. See Welsher. Welchman Welch"man (?), n. See Welshman. [R.] Welcome Wel"come (?), a. [OE. welcome, welcume, wilcume, AS. wilcuma a welcome guest, from wil-, as a prefix, akin to willa will + cuma a comer, fr. cuman to come; hence, properly, one who comes so as to please another's will; cf. Icel. velkominn welcome, G. willkommen. See Will, n., and Come.] 1. Received with gladness; admitted willingly to the house, entertainment, or company; as, a welcome visitor. When the glad soul is made Heaven's welcome guest. Cowper. 2. Producing gladness; grateful; as, a welcome present; welcome news. "O, welcome hour!" Milton. 3. Free to have or enjoy gratuitously; as, you are welcome to the use of my library. NOTE: &hand; We lcome is us ed el liptically fo r you are welcome. "Welcome, great monarch, to your own." Dryden. Welcome-to-our-house (Bot.), a kind of spurge (Euphorbia Cyparissias). Dr. Prior. Welcome Wel"come, n. 1. Salutation to a newcomer. "Welcome ever smiles." Shak. 2. Kind reception of a guest or newcomer; as, we entered the house and found a ready welcome. His warmest welcome at an inn. Shenstone. Truth finds an entrance and a welcome too. South. To bid welcome, to receive with professions of kindness. To thee and thy company I bid A hearty welcome. Shak. Welcome Wel"come, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Welcomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Welcoming.] [AS. wilcumian.] To salute with kindness, as a newcomer; to receive and entertain hospitably and cheerfully; as, to welcome a visitor; to welcome a new idea. "I welcome you to land." Addison. Thus we salute thee with our early song, And welcome thee, and wish thee long. Milton. Welcomely Wel"come*ly, adv. In a welcome manner. Welcomeness Wel"come*ness, n. The quality or state of being welcome; gratefulness; agreeableness; kind reception. Welcomer Wel"com*er (?), n. One who welcomes; one who salutes, or receives kindly, a newcomer. Shak. Weld Weld (?), v. t. To wield. [Obs.] Chaucer. Weld Weld (?), n. [OE. welde; akin to Scot. wald, Prov. G. waude, G. wau, Dan. & Sw. vau, D. wouw.] 1. (Bot.) An herb (Reseda luteola) related to mignonette, growing in Europe, and to some extent in America; dyer's broom; dyer's rocket; dyer's weed; wild woad. It is used by dyers to give a yellow color. [Written also woald, wold, and would.] 2. Coloring matter or dye extracted from this plant. Weld Weld, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Welded; p. pr. & vb. n. Welding.] [Probably originally the same word as well to spring up, to gush; perhaps from the Scand.; cf. Sw. v\'84lla to weld, uppv\'84lla to boil up, to spring up, Dan. v\'91lde to gush, G. wellen to weld. See Well to spring.] 1. To press or beat into intimate and permanent union, as two pieces of iron when heated almost to fusion. NOTE: &hand; Very few of the metals, besides iron and platinum. are capable of being welded. Horn and tortoise shell possess this useful property. 2. Fig.: To unite closely or intimately. Two women faster welded in one love. Tennyson. Weld Weld, n. The state of being welded; the joint made by welding. Butt weld. See under Butt. -- Scarf weld, a joint made by overlapping, and welding together, the scarfed ends of two pieces. Weldable Weld"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being welded. Welder Weld"er (?), n. One who welds, or unites pieces of iron, etc., by welding. Welder Weld"er, n. 1. One who welds, or wields. [Obs.] 2. A manager; an actual occupant. [Ireland. Obs.] "The welder . . . who . . . lives miserably." Swift. Weldon's process Wel"don's proc"ess (?), (Chem.) A process for the recovery or regeneration of manganese dioxide in the manufacture of chlorine, by means of milk of lime and the oxygen of the air; -- so called after the inventor. Wele Wele (?), n. [See Weal prosperity.] Prosperity; happiness; well-being; weal. [Obs.] Chaucer. Weleful Wele"ful (?), a. Producing prosperity or happiness; blessed. [Obs.] Chaucer. Welew We"lew (?), v. t. To welk, or wither. [Obs.] Welfare Wel"fare` (?), n. [Well + fare to go, to proceed, to happen.] Well-doing or well-being in any respect; the enjoyment of health and the common blessings of life; exemption from any evil or calamity; prosperity; happiness. How to study for the people's welfare. Shak. In whose deep eyes Men read the welfare of the times to come. Emerson. Welfaring Wel"far`ing, a. Faring well; prosperous; thriving. [Obs.] "A welfaring person." Chaucer. Welk Welk (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Welked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Welking.] [OE. welken; cf. D. & G. welken to wither, G. welk withered, OHG. welc moist. See Welkin, and cf. Wilt.] To wither; to fade; also, to decay; to decline; to wane. [Obs.] When ruddy Phwelk in west. Spenser. The church, that before by insensible degrees welked and impaired, now with large steps went down hill decaying. Milton. Welk Welk, v. t. 1. To cause to wither; to wilt. [Obs.] Mot thy welked neck be to-broke [broken]. Chaucer. 2. To contract; to shorten. [Obs.] Now sad winter welked hath the day. Spenser. 3. To soak; also, to beat severely. [Prov. Eng.] Welk Welk, n. A pustule. See 2d Whelk. Welk Welk, n. (Zo\'94l.) A whelk. [R.] Welked Welked (?), v. t. See Whelked. Welkin Wel"kin (?), n. [OE. welken, welkene, welkne, wolcne, weolcne, AS. wolcen, pl. wolcnu, a cloud; akin to D. wolk, OFries. wolken, OS. wolkan, G. wolke, OHG. wolchan, and probably to G. welk withered, OHG. welc moist, Russ. & OSlav. vlaga moisture, Lith. vilgyti to moisten.] The visible regions of the air; the vault of heaven; the sky. On the welkne shoon the sterres lyght. Chaucer. The fair welkin foully overcast. Spenser. When storms the welkin rend. Wordsworth. NOTE: &hand; Us ed ad jectively by Shakespeare in the phase, "Your welkin eye," with uncertain meaning. Well Well (?), n. [OE. welle, AS. wella, wylla, from weallan to well up, surge, boil; akin to D. wel a spring or fountain. Well, v. i.] 1. An issue of water from the earth; a spring; a fountain. Begin, then, sisters of the sacred well. Milton. 2. A pit or hole sunk into the earth to such a depth as to reach a supply of water, generally of a cylindrical form, and often walled with stone or bricks to prevent the earth from caving in. The woman said unto him, Sir, thou hast nothing to draw with, and the well is deep. John iv. 11. 3. A shaft made in the earth to obtain oil or brine. 4. Fig.: A source of supply; fountain; wellspring. "This well of mercy." Chaucer. Dan Chaucer, well of English undefiled. Spenser. A well of serious thought and pure. Keble. 5. (Naut.) (a) An inclosure in the middle of a vessel's hold, around the pumps, from the bottom to the lower deck, to preserve the pumps from damage and facilitate their inspection. (b) A compartment in the middle of the hold of a fishing vessel, made tight at the sides, but having holes perforated in the bottom to let in water for the preservation of fish alive while they are transported to market. (c) A vertical passage in the stern into which an auxiliary screw propeller may be drawn up out of water. (d) A depressed space in the after part of the deck; -- often called the cockpit. 6. (Mil.) A hole or excavation in the earth, in mining, from which run branches or galleries. 7. (Arch.) An opening through the floors of a building, as for a staircase or an elevator; a wellhole. 8. (Metal.) The lower part of a furnace, into which the metal falls. Artesian well, Driven well. See under Artesian, and Driven. -- Pump well. (Naut.) See Well, 5 (a), above. -- Well boring, the art or process of boring an artesian well. -- Well drain. (a) A drain or vent for water, somewhat like a well or pit, serving to discharge the water of wet land. (b) A drain conducting to a well or pit. -- Well room. (a) A room where a well or spring is situated; especially, one built over a mineral spring. (b) (Naut.) A depression in the bottom of a boat, into which water may run, and whence it is thrown out with a scoop. -- Well sinker, one who sinks or digs wells. -- Well sinking, the art or process of sinking or digging wells. -- Well staircase (Arch.), a staircase having a wellhole (see Wellhole (b)), as distinguished from one which occupies the whole of the space left for it in the floor. -- Well sweep. Same as Sweep, n., 12. -- Well water, the water that flows into a well from subterraneous springs; the water drawn from a well. Well Well (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Welled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Welling.] [OE. wellen, AS. wyllan, wellan, fr. weallan; akin to OFries. walla, OS. & OHG. wallan, G. wallen, Icel. vella, G. welle, wave, OHG. wella, walm, AS. wylm; cf. L. volvere to roll, Gr. Voluble, Wallop to boil, Wallow, Weld of metal.] To issue forth, as water from the earth; to flow; to spring. "[Blood] welled from out the wound." Dryden. "[Yon spring] wells softly forth." Bryant. From his two springs in Gojam's sunny realm, Pure welling out, he through the lucid lake Of fair Dambea rolls his infant streams. Thomson. Well Well, v. t. To pour forth, as from a well. Spenser. Well Well, adv. [Compar. and superl. wanting, the deficiency being supplied by better and best, from another root.] [OE. wel, AS. wel; akin to OS., OFries., & D. wel, G. wohl, OHG. wola, wela, Icel. & Dan. vel, Sw. v\'84l, Goth. wa\'a1la; originally meaning, according to one's will or wish. See Will, v. t., and cf. Wealth.] 1. In a good or proper manner; justly; rightly; not ill or wickedly. If thou doest not well, sin lieth at the door. Gen. iv. 7. 2. Suitably to one's condition, to the occasion, or to a proposed end or use; suitably; abundantly; fully; adequately; thoroughly. Lot . . . beheld all the plain of Jordan, that it was well watered everywhere. Gen. xiii. 10. WE are wellable to overcome it. Num. xiii. 30. She looketh well to the ways of her household. Prov. xxxi. 27. Servant of God, well done! well hast thou fought The better fight. Milton. 3. Fully or about; -- used with numbers. [Obs.] "Well a ten or twelve." Chaucer. Well nine and twenty in a company. Chaucer. 4. In such manner as is desirable; so as one could wish; satisfactorily; favorably; advantageously; conveniently. "It boded well to you." Dryden. Know In measure what the mind may well contain. Milton. All the world speaks well of you. Pope. 5. Considerably; not a little; far. Abraham and Sarah were old and well stricken in age. Gen. xviii. 11. NOTE: &hand; Well is sometimes used elliptically for it is well, as an expression of satisfaction with what has been said or done, and sometimes it expresses concession, or is merely expletive; as, well, the work is done; well, let us go; well, well, be it so. NOTE: &hand; We ll, li ke ab ove, il l, and so, is used before many participial adjectives in its usual adverbial senses, and subject to the same custom with regard to the use of the hyphen (see the Note under Ill, adv.); as, a well-affected supporter; he was well affected toward the project; a well-trained speaker; he was well trained in speaking; well-educated, or well educated; well-dressed, or well dressed; well-appearing; well-behaved; well-controlled; well-designed; well-directed; well-formed; well-meant; well-minded; well-ordered; well-performed; well-pleased; well-pleasing; well-seasoned; well-steered; well-tasted; well-told, etc. Such compound epithets usually have an obvious meaning, and since they may be formed at will, only a few of this class are given in the Vocabulary. As well. See under As. -- As well as, and also; together with; not less than; one as much as the other; as, a sickness long, as well as severe; London is the largest city in England, as well as the capital. -- Well enough, well or good in a moderate degree; so as to give satisfaction, or so as to require no alteration. -- Well off, in good condition; especially, in good condition as to property or any advantages; thriving; prosperous. -- Well to do, well off; prosperous; -- used also adjectively. "The class well to do in the world." J. H. Newman. -- Well to live, in easy circumstances; well off; well to do. Shak. Well Well, a. 1. Good in condition or circumstances; desirable, either in a natural or moral sense; fortunate; convenient; advantageous; happy; as, it is well for the country that the crops did not fail; it is well that the mistake was discovered. It was well with us in Egypt. Num. xi. 18. 2. Being in health; sound in body; not ailing, diseased, or sick; healthy; as, a well man; the patient is perfectly well. "Your friends are well." Shak. Is your father well, the old man of whom ye spake? Gen. xliii. 27. 3. Being in favor; favored; fortunate. He followed the fortunes of that family, and was well with Henry the Fourth. Dryden. 4. (Marine Insurance) Safe; as, a chip warranted well at a certain day and place. Burrill. Welladay Well"a*day (?), interj. [Corrupted from wela way.] Alas! Welaway! Shak. Wellat Wel"lat (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The king parrakeet See under King. Well-being Well"-be`ing (?), n. The state or condition of being well; welfare; happiness; prosperity; as, virtue is essential to the well-being of men or of society. Well-born Well"-born` (?), a. Born of a noble or respect able family; not of mean birth. Well-bred Well"-bred` (?), a. Having good breeding; refined in manners; polite; cultivated. I am as well-bred as the earl's granddaughter. Thackera _________________________________________________________________ Page 1641 Welldoer Well"do`er (?), n. One who does well; one who does good to another; a benefactor. Welldoing Well"do`ing, n. A doing well; right performance of duties. Also used adjectively. Welldrain Well"drain` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Welldrained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Well-draining.] To drain, as land; by means of wells, or pits, which receive the water, and from which it is discharged by machinery. Wellfare Well"fare` (?), n. See Welfare. [Obs.] Well-favored Well"-fa"vored (?), a. Handsome; wellformed; beautiful; pleasing to the eye. Rachel was beautiful and well-favored. Gen. xxix. 17. Wellhead Well"head` (?), n. A source, spring, or fountain. At the wellhead the purest streams arise. Spenser. Our public-school and university life is a great wellhead of new and irresponsible words. Earle. Wellhole Well"hole` (?), n. 1. (Arch.) (a) The open space in a floor, to accommodate a staircase. (b) The open space left beyond the ends of the steps of a staircase. 2. A cavity which receives a counterbalancing weight in certain mechanical contrivances, and is adapted also for other purposes. W. M. Buchanan. Well-informed Well`-in*formed" (?), a. Correctly informed; provided with information; well furnished with authentic knowledge; intelligent. Wellingtenia Wel`ling*te"ni*a (?), n. [NL. So named after the Duke of Wellington.] (Bot.) A name given to the "big trees" (Sequoia gigantea) of California, and still used in England. See Sequoia. Wellingtons Wel"ling*tons (?), n. pl. [After the Duke of Wellington.] A kind of long boots for men. Well-intentioned Well`-in*ten"tioned (?), a. Having upright intentions or honorable purposes. Dutchmen who had sold themselves to France, as the wellintentioned party. Macaulay. Well-known Well"-known` (?), a. Fully known; generally known or acknowledged. A church well known with a well-known rite. M. Arnold. Well-liking Well"-lik`ing (?), a. Being in good condition. [Obs. or Archaic] They also shall bring forth more fruit in their age, and shall be fat and well-liking. Bk. of Com. Prayer (Ps. xcii.). Well-mannered Well`-man"nered (?), a. Polite; well-bred; complaisant; courteous. Dryden. Well-meaner Well"-mean`er (?), n. One whose intention is good. "Well-meaners think no harm." Dryden. Well-meaning Well"-mean`ing, a. Having a good intention. Well-natured Well`-na"tured (?), a. Good-natured; kind. Well-natured, temperate, and wise. Denham. Well-nigh Well"-nigh` (?), adv. Almost; nearly. Chaucer. Well-plighted Well"-plight`ed (?), a. Being well folded. [Obs.] "Her well-plighted frock." Spenser. Well-read Well"-read` (?), a. Of extensive reading; deeply versed; -- often followed by in. Well-seen Well"-seen` (?), a. Having seen much; hence, accomplished; experienced. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Well-seen in arms and proved in many a fight. Spenser. Well-set Well"-set` (?), a. 1. Properly or firmly set. 2. Well put together; having symmetry of parts. Well-sped Well"-sped` (?), a. Having good success. Well-spoken Well"-spo`ken (?), a. [Well + speak.] 1. Speaking well; speaking with fitness or grace; speaking kindly. "A knight well-spoken." Shak. 2. Spoken with propriety; as, well-spoken words. Wellspring Well"spring` (?) n. A fountain; a spring; a source of continual supply. Understanding is a wellspring of life unto him that hath it; but the instruction of fools is folly. Prov. xvi. 22. Well-willer Well"-will`er (?), n. One who wishes well, or means kindly. [R.] "A well-willer of yours." Brydges. Well-wish Well"-wish` (?) n. A wish of happiness. "A well-wish for his friends." Addison. Wellwisher Well"wish`er (?), n. One who wishes another well; one who is benevolently or friendlily inclined. We'll We'll (?). Contraction for we will or we shall. "We'll follow them." Shak. Wels Wels (?), n. [G.] (Zo\'94l.) The sheatfish; -- called also waller. Welsh Welsh (?), a. [AS. w\'91lisc, welisc, from wealh a stranger, foreigner, not of Saxon origin, a Welshman, a Celt, Gael; akin to OHG. walh, whence G. w\'84lsch or welsch, Celtic, Welsh, Italian, French, Foreign, strange, OHG. walhisc; from the name of a Celtic tribe. See Walnut.] Of or pertaining to Wales, or its inhabitants. [Sometimes written also Welch.] Welsh flannel, a fine kind of flannel made from the fleece of the flocks of the Welsh mountains, and largely manufactured by hand. -- Welsh glaive, OR Welsh hook, a weapon of war used in former times by the Welsh, commonly regarded as a kind of poleax. Fairholt. Craig. -- Welsh mortgage (O. Eng. Law), a species of mortgage, being a conveyance of an estate, redeemable at any time on payment of the principal, with an understanding that the profits in the mean time shall be received by the mortgagee without account, in satisfaction of interest. Burrill. -- Welsh mutton, a choice and delicate kind of mutton obtained from a breed of small sheep in Wales. -- Welsh onion (Bot.), a kind of onion (Allium fistulosum) having hollow inflated stalks and leaves, but scarcely any bulb, a native of Siberia. It is said to have been introduced from Germany, and is supposed to have derived its name from the German term w\'84lsch foreign. -- Welsh parsley, hemp, or halters made from hemp. [Obs. & Jocular] J. Fletcher. -- Welsh rabbit. See under Rabbit. Welsh Welsh, n. 1. The language of Wales, or of the Welsh people. 2. pl. The natives or inhabitants of Wales. NOTE: &hand; Th e Welsh call themselves Cymry, in the plural, and a Welshman Cymro, and their country Cymru, of which the adjective is Cymreig, and the name of their language Cymraeg. They are a branch of the Celtic family, and a relic of the earliest known population of England, driven into the mountains of Wales by the Anglo-Saxon invaders. Welsher Welsh"er (?), n. One who cheats at a horse race; one who bets, without a chance of being able to pay; one who receives money to back certain horses and absconds with it. [Written also welcher.] [Slang, Eng.] Welshman Welsh"man (?), n.; pl. Welshmen (. 1. A native or inhabitant of Wales; one of the Welsh. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A squirrel fish. (b) The large-mouthed black bass. See Black bass. [Southern U. S.] Welsome Wel"some (?), a. Prosperous; well. [Obs.] Wyclif. -- Wel"some*ly, adv. Wyclif. Welt Welt (?), n. [OE. welte, probably fr. W. gwald a hem, a welt, gwaldu to welt or to hem.] 1. That which, being sewed or otherwise fastened to an edge or border, serves to guard, strengthen, or adorn it; as; (a) A small cord covered with cloth and sewed on a seam or border to strengthen it; an edge of cloth folded on itself, usually over a cord, and sewed down. (b) A hem, border, or fringe. [Obs.] (c) In shoemaking, a narrow strip of leather around a shoe, between the upper leather and sole. (d) In steam boilers and sheet-iron work, a strip riveted upon the edges of plates that form a butt joint. (e) In carpentry, a strip of wood fastened over a flush seam or joint, or an angle, to strengthen it. (f) In machine-made stockings, a strip, or flap, of which the heel is formed. 2. (Her.) A narrow border, as of an ordinary, but not extending around the ends. Welt joint, a joint, as of plates, made with a welt, instead of by overlapping the edges. See Weld, n., 1 (d). Welt Welt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Welted; p. pr. & vb. n. Welting.] To furnish with a welt; to sew or fasten a welt on; as, to welt a boot or a shoe; to welt a sleeve. Welt Welt, v. t. To wilt. [R.] Welte Welte (?), obs. imp. of Weld, to wield. Chaucer. Welter Wel"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Weltered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Weltering.] [Freq. of OE. walten to roll over, AS. wealtan; akin to LG. weltern, G. walzen to roll, to waltz, sich w\'84lzen to welter, OHG. walzan to roll, Icel. velta, Dan. v\'91lte, Sw. v\'84ltra, v\'84lta; cf. Goth. waltjan; probably akin to E. wallow, well, v. i. Well, v. i., and cf. Waltz.] 1. To roll, as the body of an animal; to tumble about, especially in anything foul or defiling; to wallow. When we welter in pleasures and idleness, then we eat and drink with drunkards. Latimer. These wizards welter in wealth's waves. Spenser. He must not float upon his watery bier Unwept, and welter to the parching wind, Without the meed of some melodious tear. Milton. The priests at the altar . . . weltering in their blood. Landor. 2. To rise and fall, as waves; to tumble over, as billows. "The weltering waves." Milton. Waves that, hardly weltering, die away. Wordsworth. Through this blindly weltering sea. Trench. Welter Wel"ter, v. t. [Cf. Wilt, v. i.] To wither; to wilt. [R.] Weltered hearts and blighted . . . memories. I. Taylor. Welter Wel"ter, a. (Horse Racing) Of, pertaining to, or designating, the most heavily weighted race in a meeting; as, a welter race; the welter stakes. Welter Wel"ter, n. 1. That in which any person or thing welters, or wallows; filth; mire; slough. The foul welter of our so-called religious or other controversies. Carlyle. 2. A rising or falling, as of waves; as, the welter of the billows; the welter of a tempest. Welwitschia Wel*witsch"i*a (?), n. [NL. So named after the discoverer, Dr. Friedrich Welwitsch.] (Bot.) An African plant (Welwitschia mirabilis) belonging to the order Gnetace\'91. It consists of a short, woody, topshaped stem, and never more than two leaves, which are the cotyledons enormously developed, and at length split into diverging segments. Wem Wem (?), n. [Cf. Womb.] The abdomen; the uterus; the womb. [Obs.] Wem Wem, n. [AS. wam, wamm.] Spot; blemish; harm; hurt. [Obs.] Wyclif. Withouten wem of you, through foul and fair. Chaucer. Wem Wem, v. t. [AS. wemman.] To stain; to blemish; to harm; to corrupt. [Obs.] Wemless Wem"less, a. Having no wem, or blemish; spotless. [Obs.] "Virgin wemless." Chaucer. Wem Wem (?), n. [AS. wenn; akin to D. wen, LG. wenne.] (Med.) An indolent, encysted tumor of the skin; especially, a sebaceous cyst. Wench Wench (?), n. [OE. wenche, for older wenchel a child, originally, weak, tottering; cf. AS. wencle a maid, a daughter, wencel a pupil, orphan, wincel, winclu, children, offspring, wencel weak, wancol unstable, OHG. wanchol; perhaps akin to E. wink. See Wink.] 1. A young woman; a girl; a maiden. Shak. Lord and lady, groom and wench. Chaucer. That they may send again My most sweet wench, and gifts to boot. Chapman. He was received by the daughter of the house, a pretty, buxom, blue-eyed little wench. W. Black. 2. A low, vicious young woman; a drab; a strumpet. She shall be called his wench or his leman. Chaucer. It is not a digression to talk of bawds in a discourse upon wenches. Spectator. 3. A colored woman; a negress. [U. S.] Wench Wench (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wenched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wenching.] To frequent the company of wenches, or women of ill fame. Wencher Wench"er (?), n. One who wenches; a lewd man. Wenchless Wench"less, a. Being without a wench. Shak. Wend Wend (?), obs. p. p. of Wene. Chaucer. Wend Wend, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wended, Obs. Went; p. pr. & vb. n. Wending.] [AS. wendan to turn, to go, caus. of windan to wind; akin to OS. wendian, OFries. wenda, D. wenden to turn, G. wenden, Icel. venda, Sw. v\'84nda, Dan. vende, Goth. wandjan. See Wind to turn, and cf. Went.] 1. To go; to pass; to betake one's self. "To Canterbury they wend." Chaucer. To Athens shall the lovers wend. Shak. 2. To turn round. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh. Wend Wend, v. t. To direct; to betake;- used chiefly in the phrase to wend one's way. Also used reflexively. "Great voyages to wend." Surrey. Wend Wend, n. (O. Eng. Law) A large extent of ground; a perambulation; a circuit. [Obs.] Burrill. Wende Wende (?), obs. imp. of Wene. Chaucer. Wendic, Wendish Wend"ic (?), Wend"ish (?), a. Of or pertaining the Wends, or their language. Wendic Wend"ic (?), n. The language of the Wends. Wends Wends (?), n. pl.; sing. Wend. (Ethnol.) A Slavic tribe which once occupied the northern and eastern parts of Germany, of which a small remnant exists. Wene Wene (?), v. i. To ween. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wenlock group Wen"lock group` (?), (Geol.) The middle subdivision of the Upper Silurian in Great Britain; -- so named from the typical locality in Shropshire. Wennel Wen"nel (?), n. See Weanel. [Obs.] Tusser. Wennish, Wenny Wen"nish (?), Wen"ny (?), a. [From Wen.] Having the nature of a wen; resembling a wen; as, a wennish excrescence. Wenona We*no"na (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A sand snake (Charina plumbea) of Western North America, of the family Erycid\'91. Went Went (?), imp. & p. p. of Wend; -- now obsolete except as the imperfect of go, with which it has no etymological connection. See Go. To the church both be they went. Chaucer. Went Went, n. Course; way; path; journey; direction. [Obs.] "At a turning of a wente." Chaucer. But here my weary team, nigh overspent, Shall breathe itself awhile after so long a went. Spenser. He knew the diverse went of mortal ways. Spenser. Wentletrap Wen"tle*trap` (?), n. [D. wenteltrap a winding staircase; cf. G. wendeltreppe.] [Obs.] Any one of numerous species of elegant, usually white, marine shells of the genus Scalaria, especially Scalaria pretiosa, which was formerly highly valued; -- called also staircase shell. See Scalaria. Wep Wep (?), obs. imp. of Weep. Wepen Wep"en (?), n. Weapon. [Obs.] Wept Wept (?), imp. & p. p. of Weep. Werche Werche (?), v. t. & i. To work. [Obs.] Chaucer. Were Were (?), v. t. & i. To wear. See 3d Wear. [Obs.] Chaucer. Were Were, n. A weir. See Weir. [Obs.] Chaucer. Sir P. Sidney. Were Were, v. t. [AS. werian.] To guard; to protect. [Obs.] Chaucer. Were Were (?). [AS. wre (thou) wast, w (we, you, they) were, w imp. subj. See Was.] The imperfect indicative plural, and imperfect subjunctive singular and plural, of the verb be. See Be. Were Were (?), n. [AS. wer; akin to OS. & OHG. wer, Goth. wa\'a1r, L. vir, Skr. v\'c6ra. Cf. Weregild, and Werewolf.] 1. A man. [Obs.] 2. A fine for slaying a man; the money value set upon a man's life; weregild. [Obs.] Every man was valued at a certain sum, which was called his were. Bosworth. Weregild Were"gild` (?), n. [AS. wergild; wer a man, value set on a man's life + gild payment of money; akin to G. wehrgeld. Were a man, and Geld, n.] (O. Eng. Law) The price of a man's head; a compensation paid of a man killed, partly to the king for the loss of a subject, partly to the lord of a vassal, and partly to the next of kin. It was paid by the murderer. [Written also weregeld, weregelt, etc.] Blackstone. Werewolf Were"wolf` (?), n.; pl. Werewolves (#). [AS. werwulf; wer a man + wulf a wolf; cf. G. w\'84rwolf, w\'84hrwolf, wehrwolf, a werewolf, MHG. werwolf. Were a man, and Wolf, and cf. Virile, World.] A person transformed into a wolf in form and appetite, either temporarily or permanently, whether by supernatural influences, by witchcraft, or voluntarily; a lycanthrope. Belief in werewolves, formerly general, is not now extinct. The werwolf went about his prey. William of Palerne. The brutes that wear our form and face, The werewolves of the human race. Longfellow. Werk, n., Werke Werk (?), n., Werke, v. See Work. [Obs.] Wern Wern (?), v. t. [See 1st Warn.] To refuse. [Obs.] He is too great a niggard that will wern A man to light a candle at his lantern. Chaucer. Wernerian Wer*ne"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to A. G. Werner, The German mineralogist and geologist, who classified minerals according to their external characters, and advocated the theory that the strata of the earth's crust were formed by depositions from water; designating, or according to, Werner's system. Wernerite Wer"ner*ite (?), n. [See Wernerian.] (Min.) The common grayish or white variety of soapolite. Weroole We*roo"le (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An Australian lorikeet (Ptilosclera versicolor) noted for the variety of its colors; -- called also varied lorikeet. Werre Werre (?), n. War. [Obs.] Chaucer. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1642 Werrey Wer"rey (?), v. t. To warray. [Obs.] Chaucer. Werst Werst (?), n. See Verst. Wert Wert (?), The second person singular, indicative and subjunctive moods, imperfect tense, of the verb be. It is formed from were, with the ending -t, after the analogy of wast. Now used only in solemn or poetic style. Wert Wert, n. A wart. [Obs.] Chaucer. Weryangle Wer`y*an"gle (?), n. See Wariangle. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wesand We"sand (?), n. See Weasand. [Obs.] Wesh Wesh (?), obs. imp. of Wash. Washed. Chaucer. Wesil We"sil (?) n. See Weasand. [Obs.] Wesleyan Wes"ley*an (?), a. [See Wesleyanism.] Of or pertaining to Wesley or Wesleyanism. Wesleyan Wes"ley*an, n. (Eccl.) One who adopts the principles of Wesleyanism; a Methodist. Wesleyanism Wes"ley*an*ism (?), n. (Eccl.) The system of doctrines and church polity inculcated by John Wesley (b. 1703; d. 1791), the founder of the religious sect called Methodist; Methodism. See Methodist, n., 2. West West (?), n. [AS. west, adv.; akin to D. west, G. west, westen, OHG. westan, Icel. vestr, Sw. vest, vester, vestan, Dan. vest, vesten, and perhaps to L. vesper evening, Gr. Vesper, Visigoth.] 1. The point in the heavens where the sun is seen to set at the equinox; or, the corresponding point on the earth; that one of the four cardinal points of the compass which is in a direction at right angles to that of north and south, and on the left hand of a person facing north; the point directly opposite to east. And fresh from the west is the free wind's breath. Bryant. 2. A country, or region of country, which, with regard to some other country or region, is situated in the direction toward the west. 3. Specifically: (a) The Westen hemisphere, or the New World so called, it having been discovered by sailing westward from Europe; the Occident. (b) (U. S. Hist. & Geog.) Formerly, that part of the United States west of the Alleghany mountains; now, commonly, the whole region west of the Mississippi river; esp., that part which is north of the Indian Territory, New Mexico, etc. Usually with the definite article. West by north, West by south, according to the notation of the mariner's compass, that point which lies 11° to the north or south, respectively, of the point due west. -- West northwest, West southwest, that point which lies 22° to the north or south of west, or halfway between west and northwest or southwest, respectively. See Illust. of Compass. West West, a. Lying toward the west; situated at the west, or in a western direction from the point of observation or reckoning; proceeding toward the west, or coming from the west; as, a west course is one toward the west; an east and west line; a west wind blows from the west. This shall be your west border. Num. xxxiv. 6. West end, the fashionable part of London, commencing from the east, at Charing Cross. West West, adv. [AS. west.] Westward. West West, v. i. 1. To pass to the west; to set, as the sun. [Obs.] "The hot sun gan to west." Chaucer. 2. To turn or move toward the west; to veer from the north or south toward the west. Westering West"er*ing (?), a. Passing to the west. Toward heaven's descent had sloped his westering wheel. Milton. Westerly West"er*ly, a. Of or pertaining to the west; toward the west; coming from the west; western. Westerly West"er*ly, adv. Toward the west; westward. Western West"ern (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to the west; situated in the west, or in the region nearly in the direction of west; being in that quarter where the sun sets; as, the western shore of France; the western ocean. Far o'er the glowing western main. Keble. 2. Moving toward the west; as, a ship makes a western course; coming from the west; as, a western breeze. Western Church. See Latin Church, under Latin. -- Western empire (Hist.), the western portion of the Roman empire, as divided, by the will of Theodosius the Great, between his sons Honorius and Arcadius, a. d. 395. Westerner West"ern*er (?), n. A native or inhabitant of the west. Westernmost West"ern*most` (?), a. Situated the farthest towards the west; most western. West India, West Indian West` In"di*a (?), West` In"di*an (?). Belonging or relating to the West Indies. West India tea (Bot.), a shrubby plant (Capraria biflora) having oblanceolate toothed leaves which are sometimes used in the West Indies as a substitute for tea. West Indian West` In"di*an. A native of, or a dweller in, the West Indies. Westing West"ing (?), n. (Naut. & Surv.) The distance, reckoned toward the west, between the two meridians passing through the extremities of a course, or portion of a ship's path; the departure of a course which lies to the west of north. Westling West"ling (?), n. A westerner. [R.] Westminster Assembly West"min`ster As*sem"bly (?). See under Assembly. Westmost West"most` (?), a. Lying farthest to the west; westernmost. Westward, Westwards West"ward (?), West"wards (?), adv. [AS. westweard. See West, and -ward. ] Toward the west; as, to ride or sail westward. Westward the course of empire takes its way. Berkeley. Westward West"ward, a. Lying toward the west. Yond same star that's westward from the pole. Shak. Westward West"ward, n. The western region or countries; the west. Westwardly West"ward*ly, adv. In a westward direction. Westy West"y (?), a. Dizzy; giddy. [Prov. Eng.] Wet Wet (?), a. [Compar. Wetter (?); superl. Wettest.] [OE. wet, weet, AS. wt; akin to OFries. wt, Icel. v\'betr, Sw. v\'86t, Dan. vaad, and E. water. Water.] 1. Containing, or consisting of, water or other liquid; moist; soaked with a liquid; having water or other liquid upon the surface; as, wet land; a wet cloth; a wet table. "Wet cheeks." Shak. 2. Very damp; rainy; as, wet weather; a wet season. "Wet October's torrent flood." Milton. 3. (Chem.) Employing, or done by means of, water or some other liquid; as, the wet extraction of copper, in distinction from dry extraction in which dry heat or fusion is employed. 4. Refreshed with liquor; drunk. [Slang] Prior. Wet blanket, Wet dock, etc. See under Blanket, Dock, etc. -- Wet goods, intoxicating liquors. [Slang] Syn. -- Nasty; humid; damp; moist. See Nasty. Wet Wet (?), n. [AS. w&aemac;ta. See Wet, a.] 1. Water or wetness; moisture or humidity in considerable degree. Have here a cloth and wipe away the wet. Chaucer. Now the sun, with more effectual beams, Had cheered the face of earth, and dried the wet From drooping plant. Milton. 2. Rainy weather; foggy or misty weather. 3. A dram; a drink. [Slang] Wet Wet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wet (rarely Wetted); p. pr. & vb. n. Wetting.] [AS. w&aemac;tan.] To fill or moisten with water or other liquid; to sprinkle; to cause to have water or other fluid adherent to the surface; to dip or soak in a liquid; as, to wet a sponge; to wet the hands; to wet cloth. "[The scene] did draw tears from me and wetted my paper." Burke. Ye mists and exhalations, that now rise . . . Whether to deck with clouds the uncolored sky, Or wet the thirsty earth with falling showers. Milton. To wet one's whistle, to moisten one's throat; to drink a dram of liquor. [Colloq.] Let us drink the other cup to wet our whistles. Walton. Wetbird Wet"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The chaffinch, whose cry is thought to foretell rain. [Prov. Eng.] Wether Weth"er (?), n. [OE. wether, AS. we; akin to OS. wethar, withar, a ram, D. weder, G. widder, OHG. widar, Icel. ver, Sw. v\'84dur, Dan. v\'91dder, Goth. wiprus a lamb, L. vitulus calf, Skr. vatsa, L. vetus old, Gr. Veal, Veteran.] A castrated ram. Westness West"ness (?), n. 1. The quality or state of being wet; moisture; humidity; as, the wetness of land; the wetness of a cloth. 2. A watery or moist state of the atmosphere; a state of being rainy, foggy, or misty; as, the wetness of weather or the season. NOTE: &hand; Wetness generally implies more water or liquid than is implied by humidness or moisture. Wet nurse Wet" nurse` (?). A nurse who suckles a child, especially the child of another woman. Cf. Dry nurse. Wet-shod Wet"-shod` (?), a. Having the feet, or the shoes on the feet, wet. Wettish Wet"tish (?), a. Somewhat wet; moist; humid. Wevil We"vil (?), n. See Weevil. Wex Wex (?), v. t. & i. To grow; to wax. [Obs.] Chaucer. "Each wexing moon." Dryden. Wex Wex, obs. imp. of Wex. Waxed. Chaucer. Wex Wex, n. Wax. [Obs.] "Yelwe as wex." Chaucer. Wey Wey (?), n. Way; road; path. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wey Wey, v. t. & i. To weigh. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wey Wey (?), n. [OE. weye, AS. w weight. Weight.] A certain measure of weight. [Eng.] "A weye of Essex cheese." Piers Plowman. NOTE: &hand; A wey is 6 Simmonds. Weyle Weyle (?), v. t. & i. To wail. [Obs.] Chaucer. Weyleway Wey"le*way (?), interj. See Welaway. [Obs.] Weyve Weyve (?), v. t. To waive. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wezand We"zand (?), n. See Weasand. [Obs.] Whaap Whaap (?), n. [So called from one of its notes.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European curlew; -- called also awp, whaup, great whaup, and stock whaup. (b) The whimbrel; -- called also May whaup, little whaup, and tang whaup. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Whack Whack (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whacked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whacking.] [Cf. Thwack.] To strike; to beat; to give a heavy or resounding blow to; to thrash; to make with whacks. [Colloq.] Rodsmen were whackingtheir way through willow brakes. G. W. Cable. Whack Whack, v. i. To strike anything with a smart blow. To whack away, to continue striking heavy blows; as, to whack away at a log. [Colloq.] Whack Whack, n. A smart resounding blow. [Colloq.] Whacker Whack"er (?), n. 1. One who whacks. [Colloq.] 2. Anything very large; specif., a great lie; a whapper. [Colloq.] <-- = whopper --> Halliwell. Whacking Whack"ing, a. Very large; whapping. [Colloq.] Whahoo Wha*hoo" (?), n. (Bot.) An American tree, the winged elm. (Ulmus alata). Whala Whala (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whaled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whaling.] [Cf. Wale. ] To lash with stripes; to wale; to thrash; to drub. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.] Halliwell. Bartlett. Whale Whale, n. [OE. whal, AS. hw\'91l; akin to D. walvisch, G. wal, walfisch, OHG. wal, Icel. hvalr, Dan. & Sw. hval, hvalfisk. Cf. Narwhal, Walrus.] (Zo\'94l.) Any aquatic mammal of the order Cetacea, especially any one of the large species, some of which become nearly one hundred feet long. Whales are hunted chiefly for their oil and baleen, or whalebone. <-- since the 1920's and the replacement of whale oil by petroleum products and electricity, whales have been hunted primarily for their meat. Due to dramatic decreases in the whale population, the International Whaling Commission was formed to regulate the hunt, so as to avoid extinction of the endangered species. In the 1990's, only a few countries continued to hunt whales in significant numbers. --> NOTE: &hand; Th e ex isting whales are divided into two groups: the toothed whales (Odontocete), including those that have teeth, as the cachalot, or sperm whale (see Sperm whale); and the baleen, or whalebone, whales (Mysticete), comprising those that are destitute of teeth, but have plates of baleen hanging from the upper jaw, as the right whales. The most important species of whalebone whales are the bowhead, or Greenland, whale (see Illust. of Right whale), the Biscay whale, the Antarctic whale, the gray whale (see under Gray), the humpback, the finback, and the rorqual. Whale bird. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of several species of large Antarctic petrels which follow whaling vessels, to feed on the blubber and floating oil; especially, Prion turtur (called also blue petrel), and Pseudoprion desolatus. (b) The turnstone; -- so called because it lives on the carcasses of whales. [Canada] -- Whale fin (Com.), whalebone. Simmonds. -- Whale fishery, the fishing for, or occupation of taking, whales. -- Whale louse (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of degraded amphipod crustaceans belonging to the genus Cyamus, especially C. ceti. They are parasitic on various cetaceans. -- Whale's bone, ivory. [Obs.] -- Whale shark. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The basking, or liver, shark. (b) A very large harmless shark (Rhinodon typicus) native of the Indian Ocean. It sometimes becomes sixty feet long. -- Whale shot, the name formerly given to spermaceti. -- Whale's tongue (Zo\'94l.), a balanoglossus. Whaleboat Whale"boat` (?), n. (Naut.) A long, narrow boat, sharp at both ends, used by whalemen. Whalebone Whale"bone` (?), n. A firm, elastic substance resembling horn, taken from the upper jaw of the right whale; baleen. It is used as a stiffening in stays, fans, screens, and for various other purposes. See Baleen. NOTE: &hand; Wh alebone is ch iefly ob tained from the bowhead, or Greenland, whale, the Biscay whale, and the Antarctic, or southern, whale. It is prepared for manufacture by being softened by boiling, and dyed black. Whaleman Whale"man (?), n.; pl. Whalemen (. A man employed in the whale fishery. Whaler Whal"er (?), n. A vessel or person employed in the whale fishery. Whaler Whal"er, n. One who whales, or beats; a big, strong fellow; hence, anything of great or unusual size. [Colloq. U. S.] Whaling Whal"ing, n. The hunting of whales. Whaling Whal"ing, a. Pertaining to, or employed in, the pursuit of whales; as, a whaling voyage; a whaling vessel. Whall Whall (?), n. [See Wall-eye.] A light color of the iris in horses; wall-eye. [Written also whaul.] Whally Whall"y (?), a. Having the iris of light color; -- said of horses. "Whally eyes." Spenser. Whame Whame (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A breeze fly. Whammel Wham"mel (?), v. t. [Cf. Whelm.] To turn over. [Prov. Eng.] Whan Whan (?), adv. When. [Obs.] Chaucer. Whang Whang (?), n. [Cf. Thong.] A leather thong. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.] Whang Whang, v. t. To beat. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.] Whanghee Whang*hee" (?), n. (Bot.) See Wanghee. Whap, Whop Whap (?), Whop, v. i. [Cf. OE. quappen to palpitate, E. quob, quaver, wabble, awhape, wap.] To throw one's self quickly, or by an abrupt motion; to turn suddenly; as, she whapped down on the floor; the fish whapped over. Bartlett. NOTE: &hand; This word is used adverbially in the north of England, as in the United States, when anything vanishes, or is gone suddenly; as, whap went the cigar out of my mouth. Whap, Whop Whap, Whop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whapping.] To beat or strike. Whap, Whop Whap, Whop, n. A blow, or quick, smart stroke. Whapper, Whopper Whap"per (?), Whop"per, n. [See Whap.] Something uncommonly large of the kind; something astonishing; -- applied especially to a bold lie. [Colloq.] <-- now usu. whopper. --> Whapping, Whopping Whap"ping (?), Whop"ping, a. Very large; monstrous; astonishing; as, a whapping story. [Colloq.] <-- now usu. whopping. --> Wharf Wharf (?), n.; pl. Wharfs (#) or Wharves (#). [AS. hwerf, hwearf, a returning, a change, from hweorfan to turn, turn about, go about; akin to D. werf a wharf, G. werft, Sw. varf a shipbuilder's yard, Dan. verft wharf, dockyard, G. werben to enlist, to engage, woo, OHG. werban to turn about, go about, be active or occupied, Icel. hverfa to turn, Goth. hwa\'a1rban, hwarb\'d3n, to walk. Cf. Whirl.] 1. A structure or platform of timber, masonry, iron, earth, or other material, built on the shore of a harbor, river, canal, or the like, and usually extending from the shore to deep water, so that vessels may lie close alongside to receive and discharge cargo, passengers, etc.; a quay; a pier. Commerce pushes its wharves into the sea. Bancroft. Out upon the wharfs they came, Knight and burgher, lord and dame. Tennyson. NOTE: &hand; Th e pl ural of this word is generally written wharves in the United States, and wharfs in England; but many recent English writers use wharves. 2. [AS. hwearf.] The bank of a river, or the shore of the sea. [Obs.] "The fat weed that roots itself in ease on Lethe wharf." Shak. Wharf boat, a kind of boat moored at the bank of a river, and used for a wharf, in places where the height of the water is so variable that a fixed wharf would be useless. [U. S.] Bartlett. -- Wharf rat. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The common brown rat. (b) A neglected boy who lives around the wharfs. [Slang] _________________________________________________________________ Page 1643 Wharf Wharf (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wharfed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wharfing.] 1. To guard or secure by a firm wall of timber or stone constructed like a wharf; to furnish with a wharf or wharfs. 2. To place upon a wharf; to bring to a wharf. Wharfage Wharf"age (?), n. 1. The fee or duty paid for the privilege of using a wharf for loading or unloading goods; pierage, collectively; quayage. 2. A wharf or wharfs, collectively; wharfing. Wharfing Wharf"ing, n. 1. Wharfs, collectively. 2. (Hydraul. Engin.) A mode of facing sea walls and embankments with planks driven as piles and secured by ties. Knight. Wharfinger Wharf"in*ger (?), n. [For wharfager.] A man who owns, or has the care of, a wharf. Wharl, Wharling Wharl (?), Wharl"ing, n. A guttural pronunciation of the letter r; a burr. See Burr, n., 6. A strange, uncouth wharling in their speech. Fuller. Wharp Wharp (?), n. A kind of fine sand from the banks of the Trent, used as a polishing powder. [Eng.] What What (?), pron., a., & adv. [AS. hw\'91t, neuter of hw\'be who; akin to OS. hwat what, OFries. hwet, D. & LG. wat, G. was, OHG. waz, hwaz, Icel. hvat, Sw. & Dan. hvad, Goth. hwa. &root;182. See Who.] 1. As an interrogative pronoun, used in asking questions regarding either persons or things; as, what is this? what did you say? what poem is this? what child is lost? What see'st thou in the ground? Shak. What is man, that thou art mindful of him? Ps. viii. 4. What manner of man is this, that even the winds and the sea obey him! Matt. viii. 27. NOTE: &hand; Or iginally, what, when, where, which, who, why, etc., were interrogatives only, and it is often difficult to determine whether they are used as interrogatives or relatives. What in this sense, when it refers to things, may be used either substantively or adjectively; when it refers to persons, it is used only adjectively with a noun expressed, who being the pronoun used substantively. 2. As an exclamatory word: -- (a) Used absolutely or independently; -- often with a question following. "What welcome be thou." Chaucer. What, could ye not watch with me one hour? Matt. xxvi. 40. (b) Used adjectively, meaning how remarkable, or how great; as, what folly! what eloquence! what courage! What a piece of work is man! Shak. O what a riddle of absurdity! Young. NOTE: &hand; Wh at in th is use has a or an between itself and its noun if the qualitative or quantitative importance of the object is emphasized. (c) Sometimes prefixed to adjectives in an adverbial sense, as nearly equivalent to how; as, what happy boys! What partial judges are our and hate! Dryden. 3. As a relative pronoun: -- (a) Used substantively with the antecedent suppressed, equivalent to that which, or those [persons] who, or those [things] which; -- called a compound relative. With joy beyond what victory bestows. Cowper. I'm thinking Captain Lawton will count the noses of what are left before they see their whaleboats. Cooper. What followed was in perfect harmony with this beginning. Macaulay. I know well . . . how little you will be disposed to criticise what comes to you from me. J. H. Newman. (b) Used adjectively, equivalent to the . . . which; the sort or kind of . . . which; rarely, the . . . on, or at, which. See what natures accompany what colors. Bacon. To restrain what power either the devil or any earthly enemy hath to work us woe. Milton. We know what master laid thy keel, What workmen wrought thy ribs of steel. Longfellow. (c) Used adverbially in a sense corresponding to the adjectival use; as, he picked what good fruit he saw. 4. Whatever; whatsoever; what thing soever; -- used indefinitely. "What after so befall." Chaucer. Whether it were the shortness of his foresight, the strength of his will, . . . or what it was. Bacon. 5. Used adverbially, in part; partly; somewhat; -- with a following preposition, especially, with, and commonly with repetition. What for lust [pleasure] and what for lore. Chaucer. Thus, what with the war, what with the sweat, what with the gallows, and what with poverty, I am custom shrunk. Shak. The year before he had so used the matter that what by force, what by policy, he had taken from the Christians above thirty small castles. Knolles. NOTE: &hand; In su ch phrases as I tell you what, what anticipates the following statement, being elliptical for what I think, what it is, how it is, etc. "I tell thee what, corporal Bardolph, I could tear her." Shak. Here what relates to the last clause, "I could tear her;" this is what I tell you. What not is often used at the close of an enumeration of several particulars or articles, it being an abbreviated clause, the verb of which, being either the same as that of the principal clause or a general word, as be, say, mention, enumerate, etc., is omitted. "Men hunt, hawk, and what not." Becon. "Some dead puppy, or log, orwhat not." C. Kingsley. "Battles, tournaments, hunts, and what not." De Quincey. Hence, the words are often used in a general sense with the force of a substantive, equivalent to anything you please, a miscellany, a variety, etc. From this arises the name whatnot, applied to an \'82tag\'8are, as being a piece of furniture intended for receiving miscellaneous articles of use or ornament. <-- also called a whatnot shelf --> But what is used for but that, usually after a negative, and excludes everything contrary to the assertion in the following sentence. "Her needle is not so absolutely perfect in tent and cross stitch but what my superintendence is advisable." Sir W. Scott. "Never fear but what our kite shall fly as high." Ld. Lytton. What ho! an exclamation of calling. -- What if, what will it matter if; what will happen or be the result if. "What if it be a poison?" Shak. -- What of this? that? it? etc., what follows from this, that, it, etc., often with the implication that it is of no consequence. "All this is so; but what of this, my lord?" Shak. "The night is spent, why, what of that?" Shak. -- What though, even granting that; allowing that; supposing it true that. "What though the rose have prickles, yet't is plucked." Shak. -- What time, OR What time as, when. [Obs. or Archaic] "What time I am afraid, I will trust in thee." Ps. lvi. 3. What time the morn mysterious visions brings. Pope. What What (?), n. Something; thing; stuff. [Obs.] And gave him for to feed, Such homely what as serves the simple Spenser. What What, interrog. adv. Why? For what purpose? On what account? [Obs.] What should I tell the answer of the knight. Chaucer. But what do I stand reckoning upon advantages and gains lost by the misrule and turbulency of the prelates? What do I pick up so thriftily their scatterings and diminishings of the meaner subject? Milton. Whate'er What*e'er" (?), pron. A contraction of what-ever; -- used in poetry. "Whate'er is in his way." Shak. Whatever What*ev"er (?), pron. Anything soever which; the thing or things of any kind; being this or that; of one nature or another; one thing or another; anything that may be; all that; the whole that; all particulars that; -- used both substantively and adjectively. Whatever fortune stays from his word. Shak. Whatever Earth, all-bearing mother, yields. Milton. Whatever be its intrinsic value. J. H. Newman. NOTE: &hand; Wh atever of ten fo llows a no un, be ing us ed elliptically. "There being no room for any physical discovery whatever" [sc. it may be]. Whately. Whatnot What"not (?), n. [See the Note under What, pron., 5.] A kind of stand, or piece of furniture, having shelves for books, ornaments, etc.; an \'82tag\'8are. Whatso What"so (?), indef. pron. Whatsoever; whosoever; whatever; anything that. [Obs.] Whatso he were, of high or low estate. Chaucer. Whatso the heaven in his wide vault contains. Spenser. Whatsoe'er What`so*e'er" (?), pron. A contraction of whatsoever; -- used in poetry. Shak. Whatsoever What`so*ev"er (?), pron. & a. Whatever. "In whatsoever shape he lurk." Milton. Whatsoever God hath said unto thee, do. Gen. xxxi. 16. NOTE: &hand; Th e word is sometimes divided by tmesis. "What things soever ye desire." Mark xi. 24. Whaul Whaul (?), n. Same as Whall. Whaup Whaup (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Whaap. [Prov. Eng.] Wheal Wheal (?), n. [OE. whele, AS. hwele putrefaction, hwelian to putrefy.] A pustule; a whelk. Wiseman. Wheal Wheal, n. [Cf. Wale.] 1. A more or less elongated mark raised by a stroke; also, a similar mark made by any cause; a weal; a wale. 2. Specifically (Med.), a flat, burning or itching eminence on the skin, such as is produced by a mosquito bite, or in urticaria. Wheal Wheal, n. [Cornish hwel.] (Mining) A mine. Whealworm Wheal"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The harvest mite; -- so called from the wheals, caused by its bite. Wheat Wheat (?), n. [OE. whete, AS. hwte; akin to OS. hwti, D. weit, G. weizen, OHG. weizzi, Icel. hveiti, Sw. hvete, Dan. hvede, Goth. hwaiteis, and E. while. See White.] (Bot.) A cereal grass (Triticum vulgare) and its grain, which furnishes a white flour for bread, and, next to rice, is the grain most largely used by the human race. NOTE: &hand; Of th is gr ain th e va rieties ar e numerous, as red wheat, white wheat, bald wheat, bearded wheat, winter wheat, summer wheat, and the like. Wheat is not known to exist as a wild native plant, and all statements as to its origin are either incorrect or at best only guesses. Buck wheat. (Bot.) See Buckwheat. -- German wheat. (Bot.) See 2d Spelt. -- Guinea wheat (Bot.), a name for Indian corn. -- Indian wheat, OR Tartary wheat (Bot.), a grain (Fagopyrum Tartaricum) much like buckwheat, but only half as large. -- Turkey wheat (Bot.), a name for Indian corn. -- Wheat aphid, OR Wheat aphis (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of Aphis and allied genera, which suck the sap of growing wheat. -- Wheat beetle. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small, slender, rusty brown beetle (Sylvanus Surinamensis) whose larv\'91 feed upon wheat, rice, and other grains. (b) A very small, reddish brown, oval beetle (Anobium paniceum) whose larv\'91 eat the interior of grains of wheat. -- Wheat duck (Zo\'94l.), the American widgeon. [Western U. S.] -- Wheat fly. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Wheat midge, below. -- Wheat grass (Bot.), a kind of grass (Agropyrum caninum) somewhat resembling wheat. It grows in the northern parts of Europe and America. -- Wheat jointworm. (Zo\'94l.) See Jointworm. -- Wheat louse (Zo\'94l.), any wheat aphid. -- Wheat maggot (Zo\'94l.), the larva of a wheat midge. -- Wheat midge. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small two-winged fly (Diplosis tritici) which is very destructive to growing wheat, both in Europe and America. The female lays her eggs in the flowers of wheat, and the larv\'91 suck the juice of the young kernels and when full grown change to pup\'91 in the earth. (b) The Hessian fly. See under Hessian. -- Wheat moth (Zo\'94l.), any moth whose larv\'91 devour the grains of wheat, chiefly after it is harvested; a grain moth. See Angoumois Moth, also Grain moth, under Grain. -- Wheat thief (Bot.), gromwell; -- so called because it is a troublesome weed in wheat fields. See Gromwell. -- Wheat thrips (Zo\'94l.), a small brown thrips (Thrips cerealium) which is very injurious to the grains of growing wheat. -- Wheat weevil. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The grain weevil. (b) The rice weevil when found in wheat. Wheatbird Wheat"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A bird that feeds on wheat, especially the chaffinch. Wheatear Wheat"ear` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small European singing bird (Saxicola &oe;nanthe). The male is white beneath, bluish gray above, with black wings and a black stripe through each eye. The tail is black at the tip and in the middle, but white at the base and on each side. Called also checkbird, chickell, dykehopper, fallow chat, fallow finch, stonechat, and whitetail. Wheaten Wheat"en (?), a. [AS. hw\'91ten.] Made of wheat; as, wheaten bread. Cowper. Wheatsel bird Wheat"sel bird` (?). (Zo\'94l.) The male of the chaffinch. [Prov. Eng.] Wheatstone's bridge Wheat"stone's bridge` (?). (Elec.) See under Bridge. Wheatworm Wheat"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small nematode worm (Anguillula tritici) which attacks the grains of wheat in the ear. It is found in wheat affected with smut, each of the diseased grains containing a large number of the minute young of the worm. Wheder Whed"er (?) pron. & conj. Whether. [Obs.] Wheedle Whee"dle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wheedled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wheedling (?).] [Cf. G. wedeln to wag with the tail, as a dog, wedel a fan, tail, brush, OHG. wadal; akin to G. wehen to blow, and E. wind, n.] 1. To entice by soft words; to cajole; to flatter; to coax. The unlucky art of wheedling fools. Dryden. And wheedle a world that loves him not. Tennyson. 2. To grain, or get away, by flattery. A deed of settlement of the best part of her estate, which I wheedled out of her. Congreve. Wheedle Whee"dle, v. i. To flatter; to coax; to cajole. Wheel Wheel (?), n. [OE. wheel, hweol, AS. hwe\'a2l, hweogul, hweowol; akin to D. wiel, Icel. hv\'c7l, Gr. cakra; cf. Icel. hj\'d3l, Dan. hiul, Sw. hjul. \'fb218 Cf. Cycle, Cyclopedia.] 1. A circular frame turning about an axis; a rotating disk, whether solid, or a frame composed of an outer rim, spokes or radii, and a central hub or nave, in which is inserted the axle, -- used for supporting and conveying vehicles, in machinery, and for various purposes; as, the wheel of a wagon, of a locomotive, of a mill, of a watch, etc. The gasping charioteer beneath the wheel Of his own car. Dryden. 2. Any instrument having the form of, or chiefly consisting of, a wheel. Specifically: -- (a) A spinning wheel. See under Spinning. (b) An instrument of torture formerly used. His examination is like that which is made by the rack and wheel. Addison. NOTE: &hand; Th is mo de of to rture is sa id to have been first employed in Germany, in the fourteenth century. The criminal was laid on a cart wheel with his legs and arms extended, and his limbs in that posture were fractured with an iron bar. In France, where its use was restricted to the most atrocious crimes, the criminal was first laid on a frame of wood in the form of a St. Andrew's cross, with grooves cut transversely in it above and below the knees and elbows, and the executioner struck eight blows with an iron bar, so as to break the limbs in those places, sometimes finishing by two or three blows on the chest or stomach, which usually put an end to the life of the criminal, and were hence called coups-de-grace -- blows of mercy. The criminal was then unbound, and laid on a small wheel, with his face upward, and his arms and legs doubled under him, there to expire, if he had survived the previous treatment. Brande. (c) (Naut.) A circular frame having handles on the periphery, and an axle which is so connected with the tiller as to form a means of controlling the rudder for the purpose of steering. (d) (Pottery) A potter's wheel. See under Potter. Then I went down to the potter's house, and, behold, he wrought a work on the wheels. Jer. xviii. 3. Turn, turn, my wheel! This earthen jar A touch can make, a touch can mar. Longfellow. (e) (Pyrotechny) A firework which, while burning, is caused to revolve on an axis by the reaction of the escaping gases. (f) (Poetry) The burden or refrain of a song. NOTE: &hand; "T his me aning ha s a low degree of authority, but is supposed from the context in the few cases where the word is found." Nares. You must sing a-down a-down, An you call him a-down-a. O, how the wheel becomes it! Shak. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1644 3. A bicycle or a tricycle; a velocipede. 4. A rolling or revolving body; anything of a circular form; a disk; an orb. Milton. 5. A turn revolution; rotation; compass. According to the common vicissitude and wheel of things, the proud and the insolent, after long trampling upon others, come at length to be trampled upon themselves. South. [He] throws his steep flight in many an a\'89ry wheel. Milton. A wheel within a wheel, OR Wheels within wheels, a complication of circumstances, motives, etc. -- Balance wheel. See in the Vocab. -- Bevel wheel, Brake wheel, Cam wheel, Fifth wheel, Overshot wheel, Spinning wheel, etc. See under Bevel, Brake, etc. -- Core wheel. (Mach.) (a) A mortise gear. (b) A wheel having a rim perforated to receive wooden cogs; the skeleton of a mortise gear. -- Measuring wheel, an odometer, or perambulator. -- Wheel and axle (Mech.), one of the elementary machines or mechanical powers, consisting of a wheel fixed to an axle, and used for raising great weights, by applying the power to the circumference of the wheel, and attaching the weight, by a rope or chain, to that of the axle. Called also axis in peritrochio, and perpetual lever, -- the principle of equilibrium involved being the same as in the lever, while its action is continuous. See Mechanical powers, under Mechanical. -- Wheel animal, OR Wheel animalcule (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of rotifers having a ciliated disk at the anterior end. -- Wheel barometer. (Physics) See under Barometer. -- Wheel boat, a boat with wheels, to be used either on water or upon inclined planes or railways. -- Wheel bug (Zo\'94l.), a large North American hemipterous insect (Prionidus cristatus) which sucks the blood of other insects. So named from the curious shape of the prothorax. -- Wheel carriage, a carriage moving on wheels. -- Wheel chains, OR Wheel ropes (Naut.), the chains or ropes connecting the wheel and rudder. -- Wheel cutter, a machine for shaping the cogs of gear wheels; a gear cutter. -- Wheel horse, one of the horses nearest to the wheels, as opposed to a leader, or forward horse; -- called also wheeler. -- Wheel lathe, a lathe for turning railway-car wheels. -- Wheel lock. (a) A letter lock. See under Letter. (b) A kind of gunlock in which sparks were struck from a flint, or piece of iron pyrites, by a revolving wheel. (c) A kind of brake a carriage. -- Wheel ore (Min.), a variety of bournonite so named from the shape of its twin crystals. See Bournonite. -- Wheel pit (Steam Engine), a pit in the ground, in which the lower part of the fly wheel runs. -- Wheel plow, OR Wheel plough, a plow having one or two wheels attached, to render it more steady, and to regulate the depth of the furrow. -- Wheel press, a press by which railway-car wheels are forced on, or off, their axles. -- Wheel race, the place in which a water wheel is set. -- Wheel rope (Naut.), a tiller rope. See under Tiller. -- Wheel stitch (Needlework), a stitch resembling a spider's web, worked into the material, and not over an open space. Caulfeild & S. (Dict. of Needlework). -- Wheel tree (Bot.), a tree (Aspidosperma excelsum) of Guiana, which has a trunk so curiously fluted that a transverse section resembles the hub and spokes of a coarsely made wheel. See Paddlewood. -- Wheel urchin (Zo\'94l.), any sea urchin of the genus Rotula having a round, flat shell. -- Wheel window (Arch.), a circular window having radiating mullions arranged like the spokes of a wheel. Cf. Rose window, under Rose. Wheel Wheel (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wheeled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wheeling.] 1. To convey on wheels, or in a wheeled vehicle; as, to wheel a load of hay or wood. 2. To put into a rotatory motion; to cause to turn or revolve; to cause to gyrate; to make or perform in a circle. "The beetle wheels her droning flight." Gray. Now heaven, in all her glory, shone, and rolled Her motions, as the great first mover's hand First wheeled their course. Milton. Wheel Wheel, v. i. 1. To turn on an axis, or as on an axis; to revolve; to more about; to rotate; to gyrate. The moon carried about the earth always shows the same face to us, not once wheeling upon her own center. Bentley. 2. To change direction, as if revolving upon an axis or pivot; to turn; as, the troops wheeled to the right. Being able to advance no further, they are in a fair way to wheel about to the other extreme. South. 3. To go round in a circuit; to fetch a compass. Then wheeling down the steep of heaven he flies. Pope. 4. To roll forward. Thunder mixed with hail, Hail mixed with fire, must rend the Egyptian sky, And wheel on the earth, devouring where it rolls. Milton. Wheelband Wheel"band` (?), n. The tire of a wheel. Wheelbarrow Wheel"bar`row (?), n. A light vehicle for conveying small loads. It has two handles and one wheel, and is rolled by a single person. Wheelbird Wheel"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European goatsucker. [Prov. Eng.] Wheeled Wheeled (?), a. Having wheels; -- used chiefly in composition; as, a four-wheeled carriage. Wheeler Wheel"er (?), n. 1. One who wheels, or turns. 2. A maker of wheels; a wheelwright. [Obs.] 3. A wheel horse. See under Wheel. 4. (Naut.) A steam vessel propelled by a paddle wheel or by paddle wheels; -- used chiefly in the terms side-wheeler and stern-wheeler. 5. A worker on sewed muslin. [Eng.] 6. (Zo\'94l.) The European goatsucker. [Prov. Eng.] Wheelhouse Wheel"house` (?), n. (Naut.) (a) A small house on or above a vessel's deck, containing the steering wheel. (b) A paddle box. See under Paddle. Wheeling Wheel"ing (?), n. 1. The act of conveying anything, or traveling, on wheels, or in a wheeled vehicle. 2. The act or practice of using a cycle; cycling. 3. Condition of a road or roads, which admits of passing on wheels; as, it is good wheeling, or bad wheeling. 4. A turning, or circular movement. Wheelman Wheel"man (?), n.; pl. Wheelmen (. One who rides a bicycle or tricycle; a cycler, or cyclist. Wheel-shaped Wheel"-shaped` (?), a. 1. Shaped like a wheel. 2. (Bot.) Expanding into a flat, circular border at top, with scarcely any tube; as, a wheel-shaped corolla. Wheelswarf Wheel"swarf` (?), n. See Swarf. Wheelwork Wheel"work` (?), n. (Mach.) A combination of wheels, and their connection, in a machine or mechanism. Wheel-worn Wheel"-worn` (?), a. Worn by the action of wheels; as, a wheel-worn road. Wheelwright Wheel"wright` (?), n. A man whose occupation is to make or repair wheels and wheeled vehicles, as carts, wagons, and the like. Wheely Wheel"y (?), a. Circular; suitable to rotation. Wheen Wheen (?), n. [Cf. AS. hw, hw, a little, somewhat, hw little, few.] A quantity; a goodly number. [Scot.] "A wheen other dogs." Sir W. Scott. Wheeze Wheeze (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wheezed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wheezing.] [OE. whesen, AS. hwsan (cf. Icel. hv\'91sa to hiss, Sw. hv\'84sa, Dan. hv\'91se); akin to AS. hwsta a cough, D. hoest, G. husten, OHG. huosto, Icel. h, Lith. kosti to cough, Skr. k. &root;43. Cf. Husky hoarse.] To breathe hard, and with an audible piping or whistling sound, as persons affected with asthma. "Wheezing lungs." Shak. Wheeze Wheeze, n. 1. A piping or whistling sound caused by difficult respiration. 2. (Phon.) An ordinary whisper exaggerated so as to produce the hoarse sound known as the "stage whisper." It is a forcible whisper with some admixture of tone. Wheezy Wheez"y (?), a. Breathing with difficulty and with a wheeze; wheezing. Used also figuratively. Wheft Wheft (?), n. (Naut.) See Waft, n., 4. Whelk Whelk (?), n. [OE. welk, wilk, AS. weoloc, weloc, wiloc. Cf. Whilk, and Wilk.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one numerous species of large marine gastropods belonging to Buccinum and allied genera; especially, Buccinum undatum, common on the coasts both of Europe and North America, and much used as food in Europe. Whelk tingle, a dog whelk. See under Dog. Whelk Whelk, n. [OE. whelke, dim. of whele. See Wheal a pustule.] 1. A papule; a pustule; acne. "His whelks white." Chaucer. 2. A stripe or mark; a ridge; a wale. Chin whelk (Med.), sycosis. -- Rosy whelk (Med.), grog blossom. Whelked Whelked (?), a. Having whelks; whelky; as, whelked horns. Shak. Whelky Whelk"y (?), a. 1. Having whelks, ridges, or protuberances; hence, streaked; striated. 2. Shelly. "Whelky pearls." Spenser. Whelm Whelm (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whelmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whelming.] [OE. whelmen to turn over, akin to OE. whelven, AS. whelfan, hwylfan, in , , to overwhelm, cover over; akin to OS. bihwelbian, D. welven to arch, G. w\'94lben, OHG. welben, Icel. hvelfa to overturn; cf. Gr. 1. To cover with water or other fluid; to cover by immersion in something that envelops on all sides; to overwhelm; to ingulf. She is my prize, or ocean whelm them all! Shak. The whelming billow and the faithless oar. Gay. 2. Fig.: To cover completely, as if with water; to immerse; to overcome; as, to whelm one in sorrows. "The whelming weight of crime." J. H. Newman. 3. To throw (something) over a thing so as to cover it. [Obs.] Mortimer. Whelp Whelp (?), n. [AS. hwelp; akin to D. welp, G. & OHG. welf, Icel. hvelpr, Dan. hvalp, Sw. valp.] 1. One of the young of a dog or a beast of prey; a puppy; a cub; as, a lion's whelps. "A bear robbed of her whelps." 2 Sam. xvii. 8. 2. A child; a youth; -- jocosely or in contempt. That awkward whelp with his money bags would have made his entrance. Addison. 3. (Naut.) One of the longitudinal ribs or ridges on the barrel of a capstan or a windless; -- usually in the plural; as, the whelps of a windlass. 4. One of the teeth of a sprocket wheel. Whelp Whelp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whelped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whelping.] To bring forth young; -- said of the female of the dog and some beasts of prey. Whelp Whelp, v. t. To bring forth, as cubs or young; to give birth to. Unless she had whelped it herself, she could not have loved a thing better. B. Jonson. Did thy foul fancy whelp so black a scheme? Young. When When (?), adv. [OE. when, whan, whenne, whanne, AS. hw\'91nne, hwanne, hwonne; akin to OS. hwan, OD. wan, OHG. wanne, G. wann when, wenn if, when, Goth. hwan when, and to E. who. Who.] 1. At what time; -- used interrogatively. When shall these things be? Matt. xxiv. 3. NOTE: &hand; See the Note under What, pron., 1. 2. At what time; at, during, or after the time that; at or just after, the moment that; -- used relatively. Kings may Take their advantage when and how they list. Daniel. Book lore ne'er served, when trial came, Nor gifts, when faith was dead. J. H. Newman. 3. While; whereas; although; -- used in the manner of a conjunction to introduce a dependent adverbial sentence or clause, having a causal, conditional, or adversative relation to the principal proposition; as, he chose to turn highwayman when he might have continued an honest man; he removed the tree when it was the best in the grounds. 4. Which time; then; -- used elliptically as a noun. I was adopted heir by his consent; Since when, his oath is broke. Shak. NOTE: &hand; Wh en wa s formerly used as an exclamation of surprise or impatience, like what! Come hither; mend my ruff: Here, when! thou art such a tedious lady! J. Webster. When as, When that, at the time that; when. [Obs.] When as sacred light began to dawn. Milton. When that mine eye is famished for a look. Shak. Whenas When"as` (?), conj. Whereas; while [Obs.] Whenas, if they would inquire into themselves, they would find no such matter. Barrow. Whence Whence (?), adv. [OE. whennes, whens (with adverbial s, properly a genitive ending; -- see -wards), also whenne, whanene, AS. hwanan, hwanon, hwonan, hwanone; akin to D. when. See When, and cf. Hence, Thence.] 1. From what place; hence, from what or which source, origin, antecedent, premise, or the like; how; -- used interrogatively. Whence hath this man this wisdom? Matt. xiii. 54. Whence and what art thou? Milton. 2. From what or which place, source, material, cause, etc.; the place, source, etc., from which; -- used relatively. Grateful to acknowledge whence his good Descends. Milton. NOTE: &hand; Al l th e words of this class, whence, where, whither, whereabouts, etc., are occasionally used as pronouns by a harsh construction. O, how unlike the place from whence they fell? Milton. NOTE: &hand; From whence, though a pleonasm, is fully authorized by the use of good writers. From whence come wars and fightings among you? James iv. 1. Of whence, also a pleonasm, has become obsolete. Whenceever Whence*ev"er (?), adv. & conj. Whencesoever. [R.] Whenceforth Whence`forth" (?), adv. From, or forth from, what or which place; whence. [Obs.] Spenser. Whencesoever Whence`so*ev"er (?), adv. & conj. From what place soever; from what cause or source soever. Any idea, whencesoever we have it. Locke. Whene'er When*e'er (?), adv. & conj. Whenever. Whenever When*ev"er (?), adv. & conj. At whatever time. "Whenever that shall be." Milton. Whennes When"nes (?), adv. Whence. [Obs.] Chaucer. Whensoever When`so*ev"er (?), adv. & conj. At what time soever; at whatever time; whenever. Mark xiv. 7. Wher, Where Wher (?), Where (, pron. & conj. [See Whether.] Whether. [Sometimes written whe'r.] [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Men must enquire (this is mine assent), Wher she be wise or sober or dronkelewe. Chaucer. Where Where (?), adv. [OE. wher, whar, AS. hw; akin to D. waar, OS. hw, OHG. hw\'ber, w\'ber, w\'be, G. wo, Icel. and Sw. hvar, Dan. hvor, Goth. hwar, and E. who; cf. Skr. karhi when. &root;182. See Who, and cf. There.] 1. At or in what place; hence, in what situation, position, or circumstances; -- used interrogatively. God called unto Adam, . . . Where art thou? Gen. iii. 9. NOTE: &hand; See the Note under What, pron., 1. 2. At or in which place; at the place in which; hence, in the case or instance in which; -- used relatively. She visited that place where first she was so happy. Sir P. Sidney. Where I thought the remnant of mine age Should have been cherished by her childlike duty. Shak. Where one on his side fights, thousands will fly. Shak. But where he rode one mile, the dwarf ran four. Sir W. Scott. 3. To what or which place; hence, to what goal, result, or issue; whither; -- used interrogatively and relatively; as, where are you going? But where does this tend? Goldsmith. Lodged in sunny cleft, Where the gold breezes come not. Bryant. NOTE: &hand; Wh ere is of ten us ed pronominally with or without a preposition, in elliptical sentences for a place in which, the place in which, or what place. The star . . . stood over where the young child was. Matt. ii. 9. The Son of man hath not where to lay his head. Matt. viii. 20. Within about twenty paces of where we were. Goldsmith. Where did the minstrels come from? Dickens. NOTE: &hand; Wh ere is mu ch used in composition with preposition, and then is equivalent to a pronoun. Cf. Whereat, Whereby, Wherefore, Wherein, etc. Where away (Naut.), in what direction; as, where away is the land? Syn. -- See Whither. Where Where, conj. Whereas. And flight and die is death destroying death; Where fearing dying pays death servile breath. Shak. Where Where, n. Place; situation. [Obs. or Colloq.] Finding the nymph asleep in secret where. Spenser. Whereabout, Whereabouts Where"a*bout` (?), Where"a*bouts` (?), adv. 1. About where; near what or which place; -- used interrogatively and relatively; as, whereabouts did you meet him? NOTE: &hand; In this sense, whereabouts is the common form. 2. Concerning which; about which. "The object whereabout they are conversant." Hooker. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1645 Whereabout, Whereabouts Where"a*bout` (?), Where"a*bouts` (?), n. The place where a person or thing is; as, they did not know his whereabouts. Shak. A puzzling notice of thy whereabout. Wordsworth. Whereas Where*as" (?), adv. At which place; where. [Obs.] Chaucer. At last they came whereas that lady bode. Spenser. Whereas Where*as", conj. 1. Considering that; it being the case that; since; -- used to introduce a preamble which is the basis of declarations, affirmations, commands, requests, or like, that follow. 2. When in fact; while on the contrary; the case being in truth that; although; -- implying opposition to something that precedes; or implying recognition of facts, sometimes followed by a different statement, and sometimes by inferences or something consequent. Are not those found to be the greatest zealots who are most notoriously ignorant? whereas true zeal should always begin with true knowledge. Sprat. Whereat Where*at" (?), adv. 1. At which; upon which; whereupon; -- used relatively. They vote; whereat his speech he thus renews. Milton. Whereat he was no less angry and ashamed than desirous to obey Zelmane. Sir P. Sidney. 2. At what; -- used interrogatively; as, whereat are you offended? Whereby Where*by" (?), adv. 1. By which; -- used relatively. "You take my life when you take the means whereby I life." Shak. 2. By what; how; -- used interrogatively. Whereby shall I know this? Luke i. 18. Where'er Wher*e'er" (?), adv. Wherever; -- a contracted and poetical form. Cowper. Wherefore Where"fore (?), adv.& conj. [Where + for.] 1. For which reason; so; -- used relatively. Wherefore by their fruits ye shall know them. Matt. vii. 20. 2. For what reason; why; -- used interrogatively. But wherefore that I tell my tale. Chaucer. Wherefore didst thou doubt? Matt. xiv. 31. Wherefore Where"fore, n. the reason why. [Colloq.] Whereform Where*form" (?), adv. [Where + from.] From which; from which or what place. Tennyson. Wherein Where*in" (?), adv. 1. In which; in which place, thing, time, respect, or the like; -- used relatively. Her clothes wherein she was clad. Chaucer. There are times wherein a man ought to be cautious as well as innocent. Swift. 2. In what; -- used interrogatively. Yet ye say, Wherein have we wearied him! Mal. ii. 17. Whereinto Where`in*to" (?), adv. 1. Into which; -- used relatively. Where is that palace whereinto foul things Sometimes intrude not? Shak. The brook, whereinto he loved to look. Emerson. 2. Into what; -- used interrogatively. Whereness Where"ness (?), n. The quality or state of having a place; ubiety; situation; position. [R.] A point hath no dimensions, but only a whereness, and is next to nothing. Grew. Whereof Where*of" (?), adv. 1. Of which; of whom; formerly, also, with which; -- used relatively. I do not find the certain numbers whereof their armies did consist. Sir J. Davies. Let it work like Borgias' wine, Whereof his sire, the pope, was poisoned. Marlowe. Edward's seven sons, whereof thyself art one. Shak. 2. Of what; -- used interrogatively. Whereof was the house built? Johnson. Whereon Where*on" (?), adv. 1. On which; -- used relatively; as, the earth whereon we live. O fair foundation laid whereon to build. Milton. 2. On what; -- used interrogatively; as, whereon do we stand? Whereout Where*out" (?), adv. Out of which. [R.] The cleft whereout the lightning breaketh. Holland. Whereso Where"so (?), adv. Wheresoever. [Obs.] Wheresoe'er Where`so*e'er" (?), adv. Wheresoever. [Poetic] "Wheresoe'er they rove." Milton. Wheresoever Where`so*ev"er (?), adv. In what place soever; in whatever place; wherever. Wherethrough Where*through" (?), adv. Through which. [R.] "Wherethrough that I may know." Chaucer. Windows . . . wherethrough the sun Delights to peep, to gaze therein on thee. Shak. Whereto Where*to" (?), adv. 1. To which; -- used relatively. "Whereto we have already attained." Phil. iii. 16. Whereto all bonds do tie me day by day. Shak. 2. To what; to what end; -- used interrogatively. Whereunto Where`un*to" (?), adv. Same as Whereto. Whereupon Where`up*on" (?), adv. Upon which; in consequence of which; after which. The townsmen mutinied and sent to Essex; whereupon he came thither. Clarendon. Wherever Wher*ev"er (?), adv. At or in whatever place; wheresoever. He can not but love virtue wherever it is. Atterbury. Wherewith Where*with" (?), adv. 1. With which; -- used relatively. The love wherewith thou hast loved me. John xvii. 26. 2. With what; -- used interrogatively. Wherewith shall I save Israel? Judg. vi. 15. Wherewith Where*with", n. The necessary means or instrument. So shall I have wherewith to answer him. Ps. cxix. 42. The wherewith to meet excessive loss by radiation. H. Spencer. Wherewithal Where`with*al" (?), adv. & n. Wherewith. "Wherewithal shall we be clothed?" Matt. vi. 31. Wherewithal shall a young man cleanse his way? Ps. cxix. 9. [The builders of Babel], still with vain design, New Babels, had they wherewithal, would build. Milton. Whereret Where"ret (?), v. t. [From Whir.] 1. To hurry; to trouble; to tease. [Obs.] Bickerstaff. 2. To box (one) on the ear; to strike or box. (the ear); as, to wherret a child. [Obs.] Wherret Wher"ret, n. A box on the ear. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Wherry Wher"ry (?), n.; pl. Wherries (#). [Cf. Icel. hverfr shifty, crank, hverfa to turn, E. whirl, wharf.] (Naut.) (a) A passenger barge or lighter plying on rivers; also, a kind of light, half-decked vessel used in fishing. [Eng.] (b) A long, narrow, light boat, sharp at both ends, for fast rowing or sailing; esp., a racing boat rowed by one person with sculls. Wherry Wher"ry, n. [Cf. W. chwerw bitter.] A liquor made from the pulp of crab apples after the verjuice is expressed; -- sometimes called crab wherry. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Wherso Wher"so (?), adv. Wheresoever. [Obs.] Chaucer. Whet Whet (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whetted; p. pr. & vb. n. Whetting.] [AS. hwettan; akin to D. wetten, G. wetzen, OHG. wezzen, Icel. hvetja, Sw. v\'84ttja, and AS. hw\'91t vigorous, brave, OS. hwat, OHG. waz, was, sharp, Icel. hvatr, bold, active, Sw. hvass sharp, Dan. hvas, Goth. hwassaba sharply, and probably to Skr. cud to impel, urge on.] 1. To rub or on with some substance, as a piece of stone, for the purpose of sharpening; to sharpen by attrition; as, to whet a knife. The mower whets his scythe. Milton. Here roams the wolf, the eagle whets his beak. Byron. 2. To make sharp, keen, or eager; to excite; to stimulate; as, to whet the appetite or the courage. Since Cassius first did whet me against C\'91sar, I have not slept. Shak. To whet on, To whet forward, to urge on or forward; to instigate. Shak. Whet Whet, n. 1. The act of whetting. 2. That which whets or sharpens; esp., an appetizer. "Sips, drams, and whets." Spectator. Whet slate (Min.), a variety of slate used for sharpening cutting instruments; novaculite; -- called also whetstone slate, and oilstone. Whether Wheth"er (?), pron. [OE. whether, AS. hw\'91; akin to OS. hwe, OFries. hweder, OHG. hwedar, wedar, G. weder, conj., neither, Icel. hv\'berr whether, Goth. hwa, Lith. katras, L. uter, Gr. katara, from the interrogatively pronoun, in AS. hw\'be who. Who, and cf. Either, Neither, Or, conj.] Which (of two); which one (of two); -- used interrogatively and relatively. [Archaic] Now choose yourself whether that you liketh. Chaucer. One day in doubt I cast for to compare Whether in beauties' glory did exceed. Spenser. Whether of them twain did the will of his father? Matt. xxi. 31. Whether Wheth"er, conj. In case; if; -- used to introduce the first or two or more alternative clauses, the other or others being connected by or, or by or whether. When the second of two alternatives is the simple negative of the first it is sometimes only indicated by the particle not or no after the correlative, and sometimes it is omitted entirely as being distinctly implied in the whether of the first. And now who knows But you, Lorenzo, whether I am yours? Shak. You have said; but whether wisely or no, let the forest judge. Shak. For whether we live, we live unto the Lord; and whether we die, we die unto the Lord; whether we live therefore, or die, we are the Lord's. Rom. xiv. 8. But whether thus these things, or whether not; Whether the sun, predominant in heaven, Rise on the earth, or earth rise on the sun, . . . Solicit not thy thoughts with matters hid. Milton. Whether or no, in either case; in any case; as, I will go whether or no. -- Whether that, whether. Shak. Whethering Wheth"er*ing, n. The retention of the afterbirth in cows. Gardner. Whetile Whet"ile (?), n. [Cf. Whitile.] (Zo\'94l.) The green woodpecker, or yaffle. See Yaffle. [Prov. Eng.] Whetstone Whet"stone` (?), n. [AS. hwetst\'ben.] A piece of stone, natural or artificial, used for whetting, or sharpening, edge tools. The dullness of the fools is the whetstone of the wits. Shak. Diligence is to the understanding as the whetstone to the razor. South. NOTE: &hand; So me wh etstones ar e us ed dry, others are moistened with water, or lubricated with oil. To give the whetstone, to give a premium for extravagance in falsehood. [Obs.] Whetter Whet"ter (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, whets, sharpens, or stimulates. 2. A tippler; one who drinks whets. [Obs.] Steele. Whettlebones Whet"tle*bones (?), n. pl. The vertebr\'91 of the back. [Prov. Eng.] Dunglison. Whew Whew (hw&umac;), n. & interj. A sound like a half-formed whistle, expressing astonishment, scorn, or dislike. Whew duck, the European widgeon. [Prov. Eng.] Whew Whew, v. i.To whistle with a shrill pipe, like a plover. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Whewellite Whew"ell*ite (?), n. [So named after Prof. Whewell of Cambridge, England.] (Min.) Calcium oxalate, occurring in colorless or white monoclinic crystals. Whewer Whew"er (?), n. [Cf. W. chwiwell a widgeon, chwiws widgeons, waterfowls; or cf. E. whew, v. i.] (Zo\'94l.) The European widgeon. [Prov. Eng.] Whey Whey (?), n. [AS. hw\'91g; cf. D. wei, hui, Fries. weye, LG. wey, waje. ] The serum, or watery part, of milk, separated from the more thick or coagulable part, esp. in the process of making cheese. In this process, the thick part is called curd, and the thin part whey. Wheyey Whey"ey (?), a. Of the nature of, or containing, whey; resembling whey; wheyish. Bacon. Wheyface Whey"face` (?), n. One who is pale, as from fear. Whey-faced Whey"-faced` (?), a. Having a pale or white face, as from fright. "Whey-faced cavaliers." Aytoun. Wheyish Whey"ish (?), a. Somewhat like whey; wheyey. J. Philips. -- Whey"ish*ness, n. Which Which (?), pron. [OE. which, whilk, AS. hwilc, hwylc, hwelc, from the root of hw\'be who + l\'c6c body; hence properly, of what sort or kind; akin to OS. hwilik which, OFries. hwelik, D. welk, G. welch, OHG. wel\'c6h, hwel\'c6h, Icel. hv\'c6l\'c6kr, Dan. & Sw. hvilken, Goth. hwileiks, hwleiks; cf. L. qualis. Who, and Like, a., and cf. Such.] 1. Of what sort or kind; what; what a; who. [Obs.] And which they weren and of what degree. Chaucer. 2. A interrogative pronoun, used both substantively and adjectively, and in direct and indirect questions, to ask for, or refer to, an individual person or thing among several of a class; as, which man is it? which woman was it? which is the house? he asked which route he should take; which is best, to live or to die? See the Note under What, pron., 1. Which of you convinceth me of sin? John viii. 46. 3. A relative pronoun, used esp. in referring to an antecedent noun or clause, but sometimes with reference to what is specified or implied in a sentence, or to a following noun or clause (generally involving a reference, however, to something which has preceded). It is used in all numbers and genders, and was formerly used of persons. And when thou fail'st -- as God forbid the hour! -- Must Edward fall, which peril heaven forfend! Shak. God . . . rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made. Gen. ii. 2. Our Father, which art in heaven. Matt. vi. 9. The temple of God is holy, which temple ye are. 1 Cor. iii. 17. 4. A compound relative or indefinite pronoun, standing for any one which, whichever, that which, those which, the . . . which, and the like; as, take which you will. NOTE: &hand; Th e wh ich wa s fo rmerly of ten us ed for which. The expressions which that, which as, were also sometimes used by way of emphasis. Do not they blaspheme that worthy name by the which ye are called? James ii. 7. NOTE: &hand; Wh ich, re ferring to a series of preceding sentences, or members of a sentence, may have all joined to it adjectively. "All which, as a method of a proclamation, is very convenient." Carlyle. Whichever, Whichsoever Which*ev"er (?), Which`so*ev"er (?), pron. & a. Whether one or another; whether one or the other; which; that one (of two or more) which; as, whichever road you take, it will lead you to town. Whidah bird Whid"ah bird` (?), (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of finchlike birds belonging to the genus Vidua, native of Asia and Africa. In the breeding season the male has very long, drooping tail feathers. Called also vida finch, whidah finch, whydah bird, whydah finch, widow bird, and widow finch. NOTE: &hand; So me of th e sp ecies ar e often kept as cage birds, especially Vidua paradisea, which is dark brownish above, pale buff beneath, with a reddish collar around the neck. Whider Whid"er (?), adv. Whither. [Obs.] Chaucer. Whiff Whiff (?), n. [OE. weffe vapor, whiff, probably of imitative origin; cf. Dan. vift a puff, gust, W. chwiff a whiff, puff.] 1. A sudden expulsion of air from the mouth; a quick puff or slight gust, as of air or smoke. But with the whiff and wind of his fell sword The unnerved father falls. Shak. The skipper, he blew a whiff from his pipe, And a scornful laugh laughed he. Longfellow. 2. A glimpse; a hasty view. [Prov. Eng.] 3. (Zo\'94l.) The marysole, or sail fluke. Whiff Whiff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whiffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whiffing.] 1. To throw out in whiffs; to consume in whiffs; to puff. 2. To carry or convey by a whiff, or as by a whiff; to puff or blow away. Old Empedocles, . . . who, when he leaped into Etna, having a dry, sear body, and light, the smoke took him, and whiffed him up into the moon. B. Jonson. Whiff Whiff, v. i. To emit whiffs, as of smoke; to puff. Whiffet Whif"fet (?), n. A little whiff or puff. Whiffing Whiff"ing (?), n. 1. The act of one who, or that which, whiffs. 2. A mode of fishing with a hand line for pollack, mackerel, and the like. Whiffle Whif"fle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whiffled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whiffling (?).] [Freq. of whiff to puff, perhaps influenced by D. weifelen to waver.] 1. To waver, or shake, as if moved by gusts of wind; to shift, turn, or veer about. D 2. To change from one opinion or course to another; to use evasions; to prevaricate; to be fickle.<-- to waffle; vacillate, equivocate, flip-flop. --> A person of whiffing and unsteady turn of mind can not keep close to a point of controversy. I. Watts. Whiffle Whif"fle, v. t. 1. To disperse with, or as with, a whiff, or puff; to scatter. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. 2. To wave or shake quickly; to cause to whiffle. Whiffle Whif"fle, n. A fife or small flute. [Obs.] Douce. Whiffler Whif"fler (?), n. 1. One who whiffles, or frequently changes his opinion or course; one who uses shifts and evasions in argument; hence, a trifler.<-- a waffler? --> Every whiffler in a laced coat who frequents the chocolate house shall talk of the constitution. Swift. 2. One who plays on a whiffle; a fifer or piper. [Obs.] 3. An officer who went before procession to clear the way by blowing a horn, or otherwise; hence, any person who marched at the head of a procession; a harbinger. Which like a mighty whiffler 'fore the king, Seems to prepare his way. Shak. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1646 NOTE: &hand; "W hifflers, or fi fers, ge nerally we nt fi rst in a procession, from which circumstance the name was transferred to other persons who succeeded to that office, and at length was given to those who went forward merely to clear the way for the procession. . . . In the city of London, young freemen, who march at the head of their proper companies on the Lord Mayor's day, sometimes with flags, were called whifflers, or bachelor whifflers, not because they cleared the way, but because they went first, as whifflers did." Nares. 4. (Zo\'94l) The golden-eye. [Local, U.S.] Whiffletree Whif"fle*tree` (?), n. Same as Whippletree. Whig Whig (?), n. [See Whey.] Acidulated whey, sometimes mixed with buttermilk and sweet herbs, used as a cooling beverage. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Whig Whig, n. [Said to be from whiggam, a term used in Scotland in driving horses, whiggamore one who drives horses (a term applied to some western Scotchmen), contracted to whig. In 1648, a party of these people marched to Edinburgh to oppose the king and the duke of Hamilton (the Whiggamore raid), and hence the name of Whig was given to the party opposed to the court. Cf. Scot. whig to go quickly.] 1. (Eng. Politics) One of a political party which grew up in England in the seventeenth century, in the reigns of Charles I. and II., when great contests existed respecting the royal prerogatives and the rights of the people. Those who supported the king in his high claims were called Tories, and the advocates of popular rights, of parliamentary power over the crown, and of toleration to Dissenters, were, after 1679, called Whigs. The terms Liberal and Radical have now generally superseded Whig in English politics. See the note under Tory. 2. (Amer. Hist.) (a) A friend and supporter of the American Revolution; -- opposed to Tory, and Royalist. (b) One of the political party in the United States from about 1829 to 1856, opposed in politics to the Democratic party. Whig Whig, a. Of or pertaining to the Whigs. Whiggamore Whig"ga*more (?), n. [See Whig.] A Whig; -- a cant term applied in contempt to Scotch Presbyterians. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. Whiggarchy Whig"gar*chy (?), n. [Whig + -archy.] Government by Whigs. [Cont] Swift. Whiggery Whig"ger*y (?), n. The principles or practices of the Whigs; Whiggism. Whiggish Whig"gish (?), a. Of or pertaining to Whigs; partaking of, or characterized by, the principles of Whigs. Whiggishly Whig"gish*ly, adv. In a Whiggish manner. Whiggism Whig"gism (?), n. The principles of the Whigs. Whigling Whig"ling (?), n. A petty or inferior Whig; -- used in contempt. Spectator. While While (?), n. [AS. hw\'c6l; akin to OS. hw\'c6l, hw\'c6la, OFries. hw\'c6le, D. wigl, G. weile, OHG. w\'c6la, hw\'c6la, hw\'c6l, Icel. hv\'c6la a bed, hv\'c6ld rest, Sw. hvila, Dan. hvile, Goth. hweila a time, and probably to L. quietus quiet, and perhaps to Gr. Quiet, Whilom.] 1. Space of time, or continued duration, esp. when short; a time; as, one while we thought him innocent. "All this while." Shak. This mighty queen may no while endure. Chaucer. [Some guest that] hath outside his welcome while, And tells the jest without the smile. Coleridge. I will go forth and breathe the air a while. Longfellow. 2. That which requires time; labor; pains. [Obs.] Satan . . . cast him how he might quite her while. Chaucer. At whiles, at times; at intervals. And so on us at whiles it falls, to claim Powers that we dread. J. H. Newman. -- The while, The whiles, in or during the time that; meantime; while. Tennyson. -- Within a while, in a short time; soon. -- Worth while, worth the time which it requires; worth the time and pains; hence, worth the expense; as, it is not always worth while for a man to prosecute for small debts. While While, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whiling.] To cause to pass away pleasantly or without irksomeness or disgust; to spend or pass; -- usually followed by away. The lovely lady whiled the hours away. Longfellow. While While, v. i. To loiter. [R.] Spectator. While While, conj. 1. During the time that; as long as; whilst; at the same time that; as, while I write, you sleep. "While I have time and space." Chaucer. Use your memory; you will sensibly experience a gradual improvement, while you take care not to overload it. I. Watts. 2. Hence, under which circumstances; in which case; though; whereas. While as, While that, during or at the time that. [Obs.] While While, prep. Until; till. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] I may be conveyed into your chamber; I'll lie under your bed while midnight. Beau. & Fl. Whilere Whil`ere" (?), adv. [While + ere] A little while ago; recently; just now; erewhile. [Obs.] Helpeth me now as I did you whilere. Chaucer. He who, with all heaven's heraldry, whilere Entered the world. Milton. Whiles Whiles (?), adv. [See While, n., and -wards.] 1. Meanwhile; meantime. [R.] The good knight whiles humming to himself the lay of some majored troubadour. Sir. W. Scott. 2. sometimes; at times. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. The whiles. See under While, n. Whiles Whiles, conj. During the time that; while. [Archaic] Chaucer. Fuller. Agree with thine adversary quickly, whiles thou art in the way with him. Matt. v. 25. Whilk Whilk (?), n. [See Whelk a mollusk.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A kind of mollusk, a whelk. [Prov. Eng.] 2. (Zo\'94l.) The scoter. [Prov. Eng.] Whilk Whilk, pron. Which. [Obs. or Scot.] NOTE: &hand; Wh ilk is so metimes used in Chaucer to represent the Northern dialect. Whilom Whi"lom (?), adv. [AS. hw\'c6lum, properly, at times, dative pl. of hw\'c6l; akin to G. weiland formerly, OHG. hw\'c6lm, See While, n.] Formerly; once; of old; erewhile; at times. [Obs. or Poetic] Spenser. Whilom, as olde stories tellen us, There was a duke that highte Theseus. Chaucer. Whilst Whilst (?), adv. [From Whiles; cf. Amongst.] While. [Archaic] Whilst the emperor lay at Antioch. Gibbon. The whilst, in the meantime; while. [Archaic.] Shak. Whim Whim (?), n. [Cf. Whimbrel.] (Zo\'94l.) The European widgeon. [Prov. Eng.] Whim Whim, n. [Cf. Icel. hwima to wander with the eyes, vim giddiness, Norw. kvima to whisk or flutter about, to trifle, Dan. vimse to skip, whisk, jump from one thing to another, dial. Sw. hvimsa to be unsteady, dizzy, W. chwimio to move briskly.] 1. A sudden turn or start of the mind; a temporary eccentricity; a freak; a fancy; a capricious notion; a humor; a caprice. Let every man enjoy his whim. Churchill. 2. (Mining) A large capstan or vertical drum turned by horse power or steam power, for raising ore or water, etc., from mines, or for other purposes; -- called also whim gin, and whimsey. Whim gin (Mining), a whim. See Whim, 2. -- Whim shaft (Mining), a shaft through which ore, water, etc., is raised from a mine by means of a whim. Syn. -- Freak; caprice; whimsey; fancy. -- Whim, Freak, Caprice. Freak denotes an impulsive, inconsiderate change of mind, as by a child or a lunatic. Whim is a mental eccentricity due to peculiar processes or habits of thought. Caprice is closely allied in meaning to freak, but implies more definitely a quality of willfulness or wantonness. Whim Whim, v. i. To be subject to, or indulge in, whims; to be whimsical, giddy, or freakish. [R.] Congreve. Whimbrel Whim"brel (?), n. [Cf. Whimper.] (Zo\'94l) Any one of several species of small curlews, especially the European species (Numenius ph\'91opus), called also Jack curlew, half curlew, stone curlew, and tang whaup. See Illustration in Appendix. Hudsonian or, Eskimo, whimbreal, the Hudsonian curlew. Whimling Whim"ling (?), n. [Whim + -ling.] One given to whims; hence, a weak, childish person; a child. Go, whimling, and fetch two or three grating loaves. Beau. & Fl. Whimmy Whim"my (?), a. Full of whims; whimsical. The study of Rabbinical literature either finds a man whimmy or makes him so. Coleridge. Whimper Whim"per (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whimpered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whimpering.] [Cf. Scot. whimmer, G. wimmern.] To cry with a low, whining, broken voice; to whine; to complain; as, a child whimpers. Was there ever yet preacher but there were gainsayers that spurned, that winced, that whimpered against him? Latimer. Whimper Whim"per, v. t. To utter in alow, whining tone. Whimper Whim"per, n. A low, whining, broken cry; a low, whining sound, expressive of complaint or grief. Whimperer Whim"per*er (?), n. One who whimpers. Whimple Whim"ple (?), v. t. See Wimple. Whimple Whim"ple, v. i. [Cf. Whiffle.] To whiffle; to veer. Whimsey, Whimsy Whim"sey, Whimsy (?), n.; pl. Whimseys (#) or Whimsies (#). [See Whim.] 1. A whim; a freak; a capricious notion, a fanciful or odd conceit. "The whimsies of poets and painters." Ray. Men's folly, whimsies, and inconstancy. Swift. Mistaking the whimseys of a feverish brain for the calm revelation of truth. Bancroft. 2. (Mining) A whim. Whimsey Whim"sey, v. t. To fill with whimseys, or whims; to make fantastic; to craze. [R.] To have a man's brain whimsied with his wealth. J. Fletcher. Whimsical Whim"si*cal (?), a. [From Whimsey.] 1. Full of, or characterized by, whims; actuated by a whim; having peculiar notions; queer; strange; freakish. "A whimsical insult." Macaulay. My neighbors call me whimsical. Addison. 2. Odd or fantastic in appearance; quaintly devised; fantastic. "A whimsical chair." Evelyn. Syn. -- Quaint; capricious; fanciful; fantastic. Whimsicality Whim`si*cal"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being whimsical; whimsicalness. Whimsically Whim"si*cal*ly (?), adv. In a whimsical manner; freakishly. Whimsicalness Whim"si*cal*ness, n. The quality or state of being whimsical; freakishness; whimsical disposition. Whimsy Whim"sy (?), n. A whimsey. Whimwham Whim"wham (?), n. [Formed from whim by reduplication.] 1. A whimsical thing; an odd device; a trifle; a trinket; a gimcrack. [R.] They'll pull ye all to pieces for your whimwhams. Bear. & Fl. 2. A whim, or whimsey; a freak. Whin Whin (?), n. [W. chwyn weeds, a single weed.] 1. (Bot.) (a) Gorse; furze. See Furze. Through the whins, and by the cairn. Burns. (b) Woad-waxed. Gray. 2. Same as Whinstone. [Prov. Eng.] Moor whin OR Petty whin (Bot.), a low prickly shrub (Genista Anglica) common in Western Europe. -- Whin bruiser, a machine for cutting and bruising whin, or furze, to feed cattle on. -- Whin Sparrow (Zo\'94l.), the hedge sparrow. [Prov. Eng.] -- Whin Thrush (Zo\'94l.), the redwing. [Prov. Eng.] Whinberry Whin"ber*ry (?), n. (Bot.) The English bilberry; -- so called because it grows on moors among the whins, or furze. Dr. Prior. Whinchat Whin"chat` (?), n. [So called because it frequents whins.] (Zo\'94l.) A small warbler (Pratincola rubetra) common in Europe; -- called also whinchacker, whincheck, whin-clocharet. Whine Whine (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whining.] [OE. whinen, AS. hw\'c6nan to make a whistling, whizzing sound; akin to Icel. hv\'c6na, Sw. hvina, Dan. hvine, and probably to G. wiehern to neigh, OHG. wihn, hweijn; perhaps of imitative origin. Cf. Whinny, v. i.] To utter a plaintive cry, as some animals; to mean with a childish noise; to complain, or to tell of sorrow, distress, or the like, in a plaintive, nasal tone; hence, to complain or to beg in a mean, unmanly way; to moan basely. "Whining plovers." Spenser. The hounds were . . . staying their coming, but with a whining accent, craving liberty. Sir P. Sidney. Dost thou come here to whine? Shak. Whine Whine, v. t. To utter or express plaintively, or in a mean, unmanly way; as, to whine out an excuse. Whine Whine, n. A plaintive tone; the nasal, childish tone of mean complaint; mean or affected complaint. Whiner Whin"er (?), n. One who, or that which, whines. Whinge Whinge (?), v. i. To whine. [Scot.] Burns. Whinger Whing"er, n. [See Whinyard.] A kind of hanger or sword used as a knife at meals and as a weapon. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] The chief acknowledged that he had corrected her with his whinger. Sir W. Scott. Whiningly Whin"ing*ly (?), adv. In a whining manner; in a tone of mean complaint. Whinner Whin"ner (?), v. i. To whinny. [Colloq.] Whinny Whin"ny (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whinnied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whinnying.] [From Whine] To utter the ordinary call or cry of a horse; to neigh. Whinny Whin"ny, n.; pl. Whinnies (. The ordinary cry or call of a horse; a neigh. "The stately horse . . . stooped with a low whinny." Tennyson. Whinny Whin"ny, a. Abounding in whin, gorse, or furze. A fine, large, whinny, . . . unimproved common. Sterne. Whinock Whin"ock (?), n. [Cf. Scot. whin, quhene, a few, AS. hw, hwne, a little, hwn little, few. Cf. Wheen.] The small pig of a litter. [Local, U. S.] Whinstone Whin"stone" (?), n. [Whin + stone; cf. Scot. quhynstane.] A provincial name given in England to basaltic rocks, and applied by miners to other kind of dark-colored unstratified rocks which resist the point of the pick. -- for example, to masses of chert. Whin-dikes, and whin-sills, are names sometimes given to veins or beds of basalt. Whinyard Whin"yard (?), n. [Cf. Prov. E. & Scot. whingar, whinger; perhaps from AS. winn contention, war + geard, gyrd, a staff, rod, yard; or cf. AS. hw\'c6nan to whistle, E. whine.] 1. A sword, or hanger. [Obs.] 2. [From the shape of the bill.] (Zo\'94l) (a) The shoveler. [Prov. Eng.] (b) The poachard. [Prov. Eng.] Whip Whip (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whipping.] [OE. whippen to overlay, as a cord, with other cords, probably akin to G. & D. wippen to shake, to move up and down, Sw. vippa, Dan. vippe to swing to and fro, to shake, to toss up, and L. vibrare to shake. Cf. Vibrate.] 1. To strike with a lash, a cord, a rod, or anything slender and lithe; to lash; to beat; as, to whip a horse, or a carpet. 2. To drive with lashes or strokes of a whip; to cause to rotate by lashing with a cord; as, to whip a top. 3. To punish with a whip, scourge, or rod; to flog; to beat; as, to whip a vagrant; to whip one with thirty nine lashes; to whip a perverse boy. Who, for false quantities, was whipped at school. Dryden. 4. To apply that which hurts keenly to; to lash, as with sarcasm, abuse, or the like; to apply cutting language to. They would whip me with their fine wits. Shak. 5. To thrash; to beat out, as grain, by striking; as, to whip wheat. 6. To beat (eggs, cream, or the like) into a froth, as with a whisk, fork, or the like. 7. To conquer; to defeat, as in a contest or game; to beat; to surpass. [Slang, U. S.] 8. To overlay (a cord, rope, or the like) with other cords going round and round it; to overcast, as the edge of a seam; to wrap; -- often with about, around, or over. Its string is firmly whipped about with small gut. Moxon. 9. To sew lightly; specifically, to form (a fabric) into gathers by loosely overcasting the rolled edge and drawing up the thread; as, to whip a ruffle. In half-whipped muslin needles useless lie. Gay. 10. To take or move by a sudden motion; to jerk; to snatch; -- with into, out, up, off, and the like. She, in a hurry, whips up her darling under her arm. L'Estrange. He whips out his pocketbook every moment, and writes descriptions of everything he sees. Walpole. 11. (Naut.) (a) To hoist or purchase by means of a whip. (b) To secure the end of (a rope, or the like) from untwisting by overcasting it with small stuff. 12. To fish (a body of water) with a rod and artificial fly, the motion being that employed in using a whip. Whipping their rough surface for a trout. Emerson. To whip in, to drive in, or keep from scattering, as hounds in a hurt; hence, to collect, or to keep together, as member of a party, or the like. -- To whip the cat. (a) To practice extreme parsimony. [Prov. Eng.] Forby. (b) To go from house to house working by the day, as itinerant tailors and carpenters do. [Prov. & U. S.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 1647 Whip Whip (?), v. i. To move nimbly; to start or turn suddenly and do something; to whisk; as, he whipped around the corner. With speed from thence he whipped. Sackville. Two friends, traveling, met a bear upon the way; the one whips up a tree, and the other throws himself flat upon the ground. L'Estrange. Whip Whip, n. [OE. whippe. See Whip, v. t.] 1. An instrument or driving horses or other animals, or for correction, consisting usually of a lash attached to a handle, or of a handle and lash so combined as to form a flexible rod. "[A] whip's lash." Chaucer. In his right hand he holds a whip, with which he is supposed to drive the horses of the sun. Addison. 2. A coachman; a driver of a carriage; as, a good whip. Beaconsfield. 3. (Mach.) (a) One of the arms or frames of a windmill, on which the sails are spread. (b) The length of the arm reckoned from the shaft. 4. (Naut.) (a) A small tackle with a single rope, used to hoist light bodies. (b) The long pennant. See Pennant (a) 5. A huntsman who whips in the hounds; whipper-in. 6. (Eng. Politics) (a) A person (as a member of Parliament) appointed to enforce party discipline, and secure the attendance of the members of a Parliament party at any important session, especially when their votes are needed. (b) A call made upon members of a Parliament party to be in their places at a given time, as when a vote is to be taken. Whip and spur, with the utmost haste. -- Whip crane, OR Whip purchase, a simple form of crane having a small drum from which the load is suspended, turned by pulling on a rope wound around larger drum on the same axle. -- Whip gin. See Gin block, under 5th Gin. -- Whip grafting. See under Grafting. -- Whip hand, the hand with which the whip is used; hence, advantage; mastery; as, to have or get the whip hand of a person. Dryden. -- Whip ray (Zo\'94l.), the European eagle ray. See under Ray. -- Whip roll (Weaving), a roll or bar, behind the reeds in a loom, on which the warp threads rest. -- Whip scorpion (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of arachnids belonging to Thelyphonus and allied genera. They somewhat resemble true scorpions, but have a long, slender bristle, or lashlike organ, at the end of the body, instead of a sting. -- Whip snake (Zo\'94l.), any one of various species of slender snakes. Specifically: (a) A bright green South American tree snake (Philodryas viridissimus) having a long and slender body. It is not venomous. Called also emerald whip snake. (b) The coachwhip snake. Whipcord Whip"cord` (?), n. A kind of hard-twisted or braided cord, sometimes used for making whiplashes. Whipgraft Whip"graft` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whipgrafted; p. pr. & vb. n. Whipgrafting.] To graft by cutting the scion and stock in a certain manner. See Whip grafting, under Grafting. Whiplash Whip"lash` (?), n. The lash of a whip, -- usually made of thongs of leather, or of cords, braided or twisted. Whipparee Whip`pa*ree" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A large sting ray (Dasybatis, OR Trygon, Sayi) native of the Southern United States. It is destitute of large spines on the body and tail. (b) A large sting ray (Rhinoptera bonasus, or R. quadriloba) of the Atlantic coast of the United States. Its snout appears to be four-lobed when viewed in front, whence it is also called cow-nosed ray. Whipper Whip"per (?), n. 1. One who whips; especially, an officer who inflicts the penalty of legal whipping. 2. One who raises coal or merchandise with a tackle from a chip's hold. [Eng.] 3. (Spinning) A kind of simple willow. Whipperin Whip"per*in` (?), n. 1. A huntsman who keeps the hounds from wandering, and whips them in, if necessary, to the of chase. 2. Hence, one who enforces the discipline of a party, and urges the attendance and support of the members on all necessary occasions.<-- = whip, 6 (a) --> Whippersnapper Whip"per*snap`per (?), n. A diminutive, insignificant, or presumptuous person. [Colloq.] "Little whippersnappers like you." T. Hughes. Whipping Whip"ping (?), a & n. from Whip, v. Whipping post, a post to which offenders are tied, to be legally whipped. Whippletree Whip"ple*tree` (?), n. [See Whip, and cf. Whiffletree.] 1. The pivoted or swinging bar to which the traces, or tugs, of a harness are fastened, and by which a carriage, a plow, or other implement or vehicle, is drawn; a whiffletree; a swingletree; a singletree. See Singletree. [People] cut their own whippletree in the woodlot. Emerson. 2. (Bot.) The cornel tree. Chaucer. Whip-poor-will Whip"-poor-will` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An American bird (Antrostomus vociferus) allied to the nighthawk and goatsucker; -- so called in imitation of the peculiar notes which it utters in the evening. [Written also whippowil.] Whipsaw Whip"saw` (?), n. A saw for dividing timber lengthwise, usually set in a frame, and worked by two persons; also, a fret saw. Whip-shaped Whip"-shaped` (?), a. Shaped like the lash of a whip; long, slender, round, and tapering; as, a whip-shaped root or stem. Whipstaff Whip"staff` (?), n. (Naut.) A bar attached to the tiller, for convenience in steering. Whipstalk Whip"stalk` (?), n. A whipstock. Whipster Whip"ster (?), n. [Whip + -ster.] A nimble little fellow; a whippersnapper. Every puny whipster gets my sword. Shak. Whipstick Whip"stick` (?), n. Whip handle; whipstock. Whipstitch Whip"stitch` (?), n. 1. A tailor; -- so called in contempt. 2. Anything hastily put or stitched together; hence, a hasty composition. [R.] Dryden. 3. (Agric.) The act or process of whipstitching. Whipstitch Whip"stitch`, v. t. (Agric.) To rafter; to plow in ridges, as land. [Eng.] Whipstock Whip"stock` (?), n. The rod or handle to which the lash of a whip is fastened. Whipt Whipt (?), imp. & p. p. of Whip. Whipped. Whip-tom-kelly Whip"-tom`-kel"ly (?), n. [So called in imitation of its notes.] (Zo\'94l.) A vireo (Vireo altiloquus) native of the West Indies and Florida; -- called also black-whiskered vireo. Whipworm Whip"worm` (?), n. [So called from its shape.] (Zo\'94l.) A nematode worm (Trichocephalus dispar) often found parasitic in the human intestine. Its body is thickened posteriorly, but is very long and threadlike anteriorly. Whir Whir (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whirred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whirring.] [Perhaps of imitative origin; cf. D. hvirre to whirl, and E. hurr, hurry, whirl. To whirl round, or revolve, with a whizzing noise; to fly or more quickly with a buzzing or whizzing sound; to whiz. The partridge bursts away on whirring wings. Beattie. Whir Whir, v. t. [See Whir to whiz.] To hurry a long with a whizzing sound. [R.] This world to me is like a lasting storm, Whirring me from my friends. Shak. Whir Whir, n. A buzzing or whizzing sound produced by rapid or whirling motion; as, the whir of a partridge; the whir of a spinning wheel. Whirl Whirl (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whirled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whirling.] [OE. whirlen, probably from the Scand.; cf. Icel. & Sw. hvirfla, Dan. hvirvle; akin to D. wervelen, G. wirbeln, freq. of the verb seen in Icel. hverfa to turn. &root;16. See Wharf, and cf. Warble, Whorl.] 1. To turn round rapidly; to cause to rotate with velocity; to make to revolve. He whirls his sword around without delay. Dryden. 2. To remove or carry quickly with, or as with, a revolving motion; to snatch; to harry. Chaucer. See, see the chariot, and those rushing wheels, That whirled the prophet up at Chebar flood. Milton. The passionate heart of the poet is whirl'd into folly. Tennyson. Whirl Whirl, v. i. 1. To be turned round rapidly; to move round with velocity; to revolve or rotate with great speed; to gyrate. "The whirling year vainly my dizzy eyes pursue." J. H. Newman. The wooden engine flies and whirls about. Dryden. 2. To move hastily or swiftly. But whirled away to shun his hateful sight. Dryden. Whirl Whirl, n. [Cf. Dan. hvirvel, Sw. hvirfvel, Icel. hvirfill the crown of the head, G. wirbel whirl, crown of the head, D. wervel. See Whirl, v. t.] 1. A turning with rapidity or velocity; rapid rotation or circumvolution; quick gyration; rapid or confusing motion; as, the whirl of a top; the whirl of a wheel. "In no breathless whirl." J. H. Newman. The rapid . . . whirl of things here below interrupt not the inviolable rest and calmness of the noble beings above. South. 2. Anything that moves with a whirling motion. He saw Falmouth under gray, iron skies, and whirls of March dust. Carlyle. 3. A revolving hook used in twisting, as the hooked spindle of a rope machine, to which the threads to be twisted are attached. 4. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) A whorl. See Whorl. Whirlabout Whirl"a*bout` (?), n. Something that whirls or turns about in a rapid manner; a whirligig. Whirlbat Whirl"bat` (?), n. Anything moved with a whirl, as preparatory for a blow, or to augment the force of it; -- applied by poets to the cestus of ancient boxers. The whirlbat and the rapid race shall be Reserved for C\'91sar. Dryden. Whirl-blast Whirl"-blast` (?), n. A whirling blast or wind. A whirl-blast from behind the hill. Wordsworth. Whirlbone Whirl"bone` (?), n. (Anat.) (a) The huckle bone. [Obs.] (b) The patella, or kneepan. [Obs.] Ainsworth. Whirler Whirl"er (?), n. One who, or that which, whirls. Whirlicote Whirl"i*cote (?), n. An open car or chariot. [Obs.] Of old time coaches were not known in this island, but chariots, or whirlicotes. Stow. Whirligig Whirl"i*gig (?), n. [Whirl + gig.] 1. A child's toy, spun or whirled around like a wheel upon an axis, or like a top. Johnson. 2. Anything which whirls around, or in which persons or things are whirled about, as a frame with seats or wooden horses. With a whirligig of jubilant mosquitoes spinning about each head. G. W. Cable. 3. A medi\'91val instrument for punishing petty offenders, being a kind of wooden cage turning on a pivot, in which the offender was whirled round with great velocity. 4. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of beetles belonging to Gyrinus and allied genera. The body is firm, oval or boatlike in form, and usually dark colored with a bronzelike luster. These beetles live mostly on the surface of water, and move about with great celerity in a gyrating, or circular, manner, but they are also able to dive and swim rapidly. The larva is aquatic. Called also weaver, whirlwig, and whirlwig beetle. Whirling Whirl"ing (?), a. & n. from Whirl, v. t. Whirling table. (a) (Physics) An apparatus provided with one or more revolving disks, with weights, pulleys, and other attachments, for illustrating the phenomena and laws of centrifugal force, and the like. (b) A potter's wheel. Whirlpit Whirl"pit` (?), n. A whirlpool. [Obs.] "Raging whirlpits." Sandys. Whirlpool Whirl"pool` (?), n. 1. An eddy or vortex of water; a place in a body of water where the water moves round in a circle so as to produce a depression or cavity in the center, into which floating objects may be drawn; any body of water having a more or less circular motion caused by its flowing in an irregular channel, by the coming together of opposing currents, or the like. 2. A sea monster of the whale kind. [Obs.] Spenser. The Indian Sea breedeth the most and the biggest fishes that are; among which the whales and whirlpools, called "bal\'91n\'91," take up in length as much as four . . . arpents of land. Holland. Whirlwig Whirl"wig` (?), n. [Cf. Earwig.] (Zo\'94l.) A whirligig. Whirlwind Whirl"wind` (?), n. [Cf. Icel. hvirfilvindr, Sw. hvirfvelvind, Dan. hvirvelvind, G. wirbelwind. See Whirl, and Wind, n.] 1. A violent windstorm of limited extent, as the tornado, characterized by an inward spiral motion of the air with an upward current in the center; a vortex of air. It usually has a rapid progressive motion. The swift dark whirlwind that uproots the woods. And drowns the villages. Bryant. NOTE: &hand; So me me teorologists ap ply the word whirlwind to the larger rotary storm also, such as cyclones. 2. Fig.: A body of objects sweeping violently onward. "The whirlwind of hounds and hunters." Macaulay. Whirry Whir"ry (?), v. i. To whir. [Obs.] Whirtle Whir"tle (?), n. (Mech.) A perforated steel die through which wires or tubes are drawn to form them. Whisk Whisk (?), n. [See Whist, n.] A game at cards; whist. [Obs.] Taylor (1630). Whisk Whisk, n. [Probably for wisk, and of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. visk a wisp; akin to Dan. visk, Sw. viska, D. wisch, OHG. wisc, G. wisch. See Wisp.] 1. The act of whisking; a rapid, sweeping motion, as of something light; a sudden motion or quick puff. This first sad whisk Takes off thy dukedom; thou art but an earl. J. Fletcher. 2. A small bunch of grass, straw, twigs, hair, or the like, used for a brush; hence, a brush or small besom, as of broom corn. 3. A small culinary instrument made of wire, or the like, for whisking or beating eggs, cream, etc. Boyle. 4. A kind of cape, forming part of a woman's dress. My wife in her new lace whisk. Pepys. 5. An impertinent fellow. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 6. A plane used by coopers for evening chines. Whisk Whisk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whisked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whisking.] [Cf. Dan. viske, Sw. viska, G. wischen, D. wisschen. See Whisk, n.] 1. To sweep, brush, or agitate, with a light, rapid motion; as, to whisk dust from a table; to whisk the white of eggs into a froth. 2. To move with a quick, sweeping motion. He that walks in gray, whisking his riding rod. J. Fletcher. I beg she would not impale worms, nor whisk carp out of one element into another. Walpole. Whisk Whisk, v. i. To move nimbly at with velocity; to make a sudden agile movement. Whisker Whisk"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, whisks, or moves with a quick, sweeping motion. 2. Formerly, the hair of the upper lip; a mustache; -- usually in the plural. Hoary whiskers and a forky beard. Pope. 3. pl. That part of the beard which grows upon the sides of the face, or upon the chin, or upon both; as, side whiskers; chin whiskers. 4. A hair of the beard. 5. One of the long, projecting hairs growing at the sides of the mouth of a cat, or other animal. 6. pl. (Naut.) Iron rods extending on either side of the bowsprit, to spread, or guy out, the stays, etc. Whiskered Whisk"ered (?), a. 1. Formed into whiskers; furnished with whiskers; having or wearing whiskers. Our forefathers, a grave, whiskered race. Cowper. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Having elongated hairs, feathers, or bristles on the cheeks. The whiskered vermin race. Grainger.